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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 18, 1919)
THE 3IORMXG OKEGOXIAX, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1919. . . rORTLAND. OREGON. - En:ere at Portland Oreon) PottoMica a?coad-clasa maU matter, fcubacrip-loa rata. Invar.ablr In 4vaBca: ( Br Mail. - T)l' v. SurcaT lnclud'd. oi. year T- J!lv. Sun1a? ;ncl'jcid. month J'ily. Sunday Inrlud.Ml. thre montha ... - .i'aiiv. jiur. Jar in' Ijiled. one month X'ailv. without S'iniay. ore year Jtiil.y. fitnout .-undjv, jii month! ...... j-ai'v. anhcu: Sunday, one roonlh V erkly. one year J,-"V r-jciiy. one year ....... Sunday and ee.y ; Bt Carrier Ta:r. Sunday Inclu.led. one year . -ji'v nn.i:.v in. lurled. tnrec montha ... -."'1 i'i:rv. a tthout Sunday, or-a ea liHilr w.'hntir S'inillV. three m I-a:iy. a ithr ut uiid. one month .ta llow la Kern it Send poaloffire money or- Cr. exirs or pentonal t'heK on your icti.i t--nk. s;a:i;ps. -o.n or rurrrncy are at on-rj-ilc. poeto'fire aridr?a In full, in- CJtj'I.i.S conn:T an-l state. Pmwp Ktitra 12 to 1 pae. t cent: 1 t- PS'". -' Lfjiu. : to pasea. eenta: ft to f' par,. 4 cents; nj to 7tJ paen. a cen:a. to i pasea. ..enta. Foreijja puat a double rate. I altera Bualnna Orfire Verra Conk lln. Brun.wi. k bui.iltr. New York: erra 4 I fit 13. .-:aer bu. ruins. I'hlraaa: Verre i: on In. Kr-e Pr buildlric. Detroit. rh-; JiAU r'ranti.to representative. It. J. BldwelL in different part of the country, and ius disgruntled at getting nothing out help to equalize them, but in the final j of the pie, was given a Up by Bismarck analysis the job is the only thing that and Salisbury to take Tunis; they counts. An increase of 51,000 in the number of unemployed in a week is a signal which calls for prompt action by every agency with a plan which promises work. These include state legislatures before whom relief bills are pending and private concerns which are contemplating improve ments of any kind. Work now, while it Is most needed, is worth many promises of employment a few weeks hence. .MrMBf.K THE ASSOtlATan PRtJ. The A!ioc:te! pre-s la exclusively entl t."i :o the use for republication of ail rears i-pafhea credited to It or pot otherwise .re-nrr-i to thia paper, and aa the local puhiij-he-l herein. All r.Rhts of r-pub.Ualton of rpeclal dia J.v.h'S herein are alo reserved. PnHTI..NI. TIKSDAV. FEB. IS. 1919. MR. TAIT -IS TIIK PWIE Lt.l.rE'S (H AMI-ION. If any doubt prevailed that the pco yie of the Pacific northwest are as arnc.it in their desire for permanent j.eace as they were in their determina tion to win the war, it was removed 1y the jrrcat audience which aswrn l'led at the auditorium to hear ex--.'resident Taft speak on behalf of the league vf nations. Ily its expression C iiiKiia!ifled approval of wiiat Mr. Taft said, that autlienrc declared its Mippoil of the plan adopted at 1'aris. The people, of these states, which have j-cnt their nun and their money to win the war against the powers which Hoi in the way of the league, are tirtermined that their sacrifice shall Hot te in vain. Mr. Taft never showed to better nd jnl;i;v than in his plain exposition cf the means by which the covenant f 1'aris would make war a.s nearly iuips:.i.e as if can be made while men remain the combative animals Ihey arc. lie Khoweii the teeth hidden )u .he carefully phrased articles of the covenant, and satisfied his hear ers that they could bite. If an of fending nation should be outlawed, nil intercourse id any kind with it and it citizens would stop, delds due to its citizenH would be withheld, its t-hip would be excluded from the world's ports and ft could buy nothing from, sell nothing to. any other' na tion. That would be but the begin ning. The offender's breach of cove nant would create a state of war with uil other memlHrs of the league, and tlie league would eiltier make war as n body, using quotas of troops and t-hips to be supplied by its members, or would back any of its members which undertook to chastise the out law, all members giving those mem bers the risht of way through their , territory and sharing the expense among them. W hen he came to answer the objec tions of Senators I'oindexter and Jtorah, and other senators. -Mr. Tafl was at Ins best. Tie showed with ad mirable lucidity how narrow and ob solete arc their views of the consti tution anil he must have taken spe cial delight in characterizing a.s a re actionary Mr. I'oindexter. who bad posed as a progressive and bad called -Mr. Taft a reactionary when the latter was in the white house. lint the speech was not political: it gave full credit for good work in war and for peace tn f'tesident Wilson, the speak a's political opponent. It lifted the tuse in which both men are enlisted far above any party ' polemics, and presented it as a cause to w hich four teen natiors. of which this is only one, li.ie pledged their rapport. Tlie constitution of the league con tains within itself evidence that it is not especially a Wilson plan, though drawn up by a commission of which Mr. Wilson was president. In its main prons-ions it is tho same as the plan announced by deneral Jan f. fniuts of South Africa on lecember 16, only two tlays a.ter .Mr. Wilson's arriva! in l'aris. The provisions entrusting col onies and backward nations to man datories are taken almost bodily from the Crams rlan. although the lan guage and arrangement are somewhat chanced. The same is true of the articles relating to chastisement of outlaw nations and to disarmament, not only the substance but entire phrases being taken from the Smuts plan. When a plan which originates with a soldier-statesman of a country against which he fought twelve years before the war and of which he is now a loyal citizen, is acceptable to thirteen titlur nations, as well as the I'nited States, partisan discussion is exrlutled. Mr. Taft's controversy with the re actionary senators snew to demon strate the necessity that the American people take a strong hand. Mr. Taft THE HOME COM1NO. It seems but yesterday that we stood t s,i on the walks and crowded into tne ay! three montha ... i f i street to watch the newly enlisted soldiers march north to the Union sta tion. Then there was often absence of uniform. There was more or less straggling in the march. We did not ei-biilv n r. f i . i. b t ' H thinea on renino over them at all. Thoughts were too i tender, too serious. Women walked I with their loved ones and while tears fell from their eyes smiles came from their lips. "Yesterday we gathered again in throngs along the city streets. This time the soldiers marched south Kach was accoutered in the uniform of his country's army. There was a swing and a co-ordination in the march, a sprightliness, and a con scious pride and a cheerfulness that were justified by work well done. There were tears as of yore, but they were not of sorrow. They were of joy or pride. There were ' more than smiles. There were shouts and cheers, Only here and there was there a sense of loss. The Sixty-Fifth had been lucky. It had gone into battle on foreign fields and had left there but few of its members. l"or those in foreign soil we grieve and grieve greatly whilo we smile upon the re turned. When the wild birds fly northward there is therein a sign of coming storm and rainy, dreary days. When they return south they aro har bingers of spring and sunshine and joy. So it was with the returning troops yesterday. The national skies have elearetl. The bright spring days of peace are upon us. , lint in the same sense that nature's spring brings lis work to do, the peace spring of peoples brings new and imperative du ties. There is work to be done. The fields of industry must be deeper plowed. It w ill not do to cheer only, no matter how loud we shout. The hoys who swung up Victory way yes terday have a rail upon this com munity, upon this state, upon this nation. They must not be left to feel that they are the onee necessary now discarded implements for carrying through a great cause. Let us wel come them, too, with work, and pros perity. Let there be a great monu ment of practical national approval, in the form of continuous profitable employment and advancement. That way and that way alone, can we put lasting sincerity into the acclaim of csteniay. would not object. By that trick the astute chancellor led France to pro voke such irritation in Italy that the latter country was in the mood to join the triple alliance, from which with other causes sprang the great war. That phrase "satisfactory provisions" might cover such another deal, which might be kept a secret on the ground that it was not a treaty, therefore not a covenant, and therefore need not be open If diplomacy is to be open, let us know just how open it is to be. The people do not want beautiful phrases which please the ear but raise hopes that are doomed to be disappointed That is precisely one of their objec tions to the old diplomacy. They want diplomats, like other people, to say what they mean and do what they say they will do. A CONTRAST. Canada, is paying its discharged sol diers a "war service gratuity" which amounts to $100 a month for married men and $70 a month for single men for six months after leaving 'the service. This is ill the form of con tinuation of pay, field allowttnce and all other allowances, and is in addi tion to provision made for those who come under the jurisdiction of the de partment of soldiers' civil re-estab- Itshment. Soldiers who require voca tional rehabilitation receive this, and the war service gratuity is paid t( them after this has been completed The I'nited States meanwhile is dis charging men without bonus pay tfr j allowance. It tells them, in substance. that it is through with them. They have done the work expected of them. Now- they may go ont and hustle jobs. The example of Canada is a com plete answer to those who always find obstacles to accomplishment. It shows conclusively that the thing can be done. I'eace came to f'anada and to the I'nited States simultaneously. I'anada has acted and tho I'nited States has not. The moral of the contrast ought not to be lost upon the American people. CBCEI. AND UNTSrA-L. If there Is a paving trust pernicious ly active in Oregon, it should by all means be curbed. Senate bill 67. which has passcS the upper house at Salem Tut masquerades as a desire to attain that end. The pavement pat entee' is surrounded by certain re strictions. For example, he must segregate in his bid the amount rep resenting royalty. But any discovered deception upon his part, it appears, will suffer nothing more severe than public indignation. The highway commission, the coun ty commissioners and the municipal city authorities are also circumscribed in letting paving contracts. But these heretofore honored and respected of ficials, unlike the often-denounced paving trust, may bo sent to tho pen itentiary if they fail to observe even one of the numerous and complicated details of the law. It is preposterous. If the paving trust shall put something over on the people, nothing is to be done about it, unless of course it violates existing bribery or other criminal statutes. But if a public officer fails to observe some purely administrative detail in the same transaction, and does noth ing worse, he becomes a felon. There is a conspicuous indication in this bill that tho highway obstruc tionists had a hand in it, for it may be doubted that honest, conscientious officials will proceed under it with road buildmg with enthusiasm if at all. There is enough criminal law now o cover collusion and corruption in public office. This attempt to put a blot of suspicion upon so many public officials of Oregon is cither purely wantou or intended to be destructive. as possible. In order to justify these prices, it was necessary to fix equally exorbitant charter rates, at which there were no takers. The allies were eager to contract for steel ships, but Mr. Hurley would not permit it, evi dently hoping to fbrce them to buy his wood ships. Hence his veto on conversion of the Foundation com pany's yards to steel. The result of the. shpiping board's bad judgment in selecting designs for wood ships and in boosting cost, in which it has been ably seconded by the Macy labor board, has been to put a blight on both the wood and steel ship industries. Wood vessels Those Who Come and Go. Colonel George A. Zinn, In charge of Columbia river channel improvements and other governmental harbor projects in Oregon, arrived at the irultnomah yesterday morning. The colonel has been as far east as Atlantic City. N. J., and returns in much better health than he enjoyed prior to his trip, he saysf XathaA Weil. well-known retired merchant of Spokane, Pasco and Hills boro, who probably comes and goes as much if not more than any other prom inent merchant in this section of the of the kind built by. the board are a ! country, was registered at the Oregon rirner on the market, and steel shins again yesterday. Mr. well recentij must not be built for foreigners until owned the Palace department store at the wood ships have been worked off. But the foreigners are not playing the game Mr. Hurley's way. They refuse to take his wood ships and they contract for steel ships in Britain and Japan, and American builders, both wood and steel, are out and injured. t SO ARK VK MlltRV. 'I am sorry," says State Senator J"orblail in his letter on the pertl- AS TO OPK COVENANTS. The Faris conference carries on Its deliberations in secret, and makes public only so much of its conclu sions as are contained in official communiques. No reasonable person objects to discussion in rrivate, for all realize that If full publicity were given to all that is said about delicate international questions, ' a state of public feeling might be aroused in some countries which would lead to a new war, perhaps to several wars. Objection is raised only to the fact that expectations were raised as to open diplomacy which, are not being satisfied. The first of President Wilson's fourteen points requires "open coven ants of peace openly nrrived at." This was taken to mean that not only the conclusions but the deliberations of peace conference should be open. Certatnly the words, "openly arrived at." are open to no other construction, well said that the promise of a league ) but when Senator Borah put that in of nations which should render such another war impossible strengthened the morale of the allied armies and weakened that of the enemy, and thereby insured and hastened victory. That promise must be kept for our own honor as well as for our national security and for the world's peace. It is incumbent upon the people to brir.g such pressure to bear upon their senators thr.t they will ratify this agreement in spite of the I'oindexters. This plan may not be the best possi ble but it is the best possible at this time. The choice is not between this and a better plan, but between this as modified by the letter of March 1 2 terpretation on them. Sir. Wilson wrote to Secretary I.ansing: Certainly when I pronounce! for open dipi.imary. I mennt. nnt tht there should be no priviile discussion nf delicate mat ters, hut that nil sicret agreement of any s.rt s'iouM lie" enti'rej into and that all lntern;i:i'nul relations, tthi-n fixed, should be open, above-hoard and explicit. So the words "openly arrived at" were put in for merely decorative pur poses, and what the president meant was: "Open covenants privately ar rived at." Then why did he not say so Hut point 1 is not lived up to; even plan and no league of peace at all. If no league should be formed at l'aris. there would be great danger that the flames of war would break out agnln. The plan now- proposed has every prospect of pacifying the world, and may be strengthened and improved inthe light of experience. The people of the three Mates rep resented at the Portland congress should express their opinion to their senators so plainly that all will vote to ratify the covenant and thus help to Insure that the United States shall lo Its part in the work which this nation only begnn to share two years 3 go and which will not be finished until the peace treaties have been signed and executed. Reports made from time to time by the United States employment service upon the number of Idle work ers in various sections of the country show- perfection of the statistical de partment of the service, and also em phasize the fact that statistics are not satisfactory substitutes for jobs. They fire valuable to the extent to which they may point out supply anj demand 1 1H1S. Covenants w hen made at Paris are not open. All the information that is given to the public is contained in the official communiques, of which the following is a sample: s.it lefni-tory provisions h:ive been reached for ileallna with the ilorman cirlonies and the occupied territory In Turkey and Asia. That does not tell what the agree ment is. It says that certain "inter national relations" have been "fixed." but it is not "open, above-board and explicit." The plain truth is that diplomacy Is no more open at Paris in 1919 than it was at Berlin in 1ST8. Though the Berlin congress met in secret, as much information in regard to its proceed ings leaked out as becomes known about the proceedings of an executive session of the United States senate. The kind of leaks which existed at Berlin have been sealed at Paris. The conference at Paris may live up to the promise of open covenants by pub lishing all the treaties signed there, but what la to prevent a secret under standing such as that which was ar rived at In Berlin regarding Tunis? ncnt subject of fishaycstordiiy. "I am sorry that so large a percentage of tho fishermen on the Columbia are foreigners just as I am sorry that perhaps an equally large percentage of the workers in the shipyards of l'ort- and are foreigners." Here is interesting information as to he citizenship, or non-citizenship, of lie shipyard men. If correct, there l reasonable explanation that the emergency of war demanded ships, and there was no time to ask the worker, where be came from if he was willing and able to work. If not correct and we are ture it is not doubtless wc shall be fully enlightened in time from some informed source. But there is no question about the status of the Columbia river fisher men. It is a chronic, not a temporary situation. They are mainly foreigners. Senator Xorblad would solve the prob lem by requiring thein to take out first citizenship papers. Itis no solu tion. It is the requirement now, and many foreigners who want to fish, and earn a living, acknowledge no ob ligation of citizenship whatever, and do no more. Nothing more, some of them, except to claim exemption on the ground of their alien birth when the call conies to serve in the war the country which freely gives them an opportunity to make a living. On I'uget sound see the letter of Fish Commissioner larwin. printed yesterday with the Norblad communi cationalien enemies (Austrians) have enjoyed practically a monopoly of salmon fishing. Kvidently the can ners anil the legislators were alike tender of the susceptibilities of these hostilo aliens, who caught for their own benefit the salmon nature pro vided, or the American government or an American state at Its- own expense propagated for them, and they did nothing either to Americanize or sta bilize tho industry. As a result the sockcye pack dropped from 1,700,000 cases in 1913 to 51.000 cases in 1918, and the pack for 1919 will be about 5,000 cases. It is not enough that an alien, be fore he in get a fish license either in Oregon or Washington, be made to take out his first citizen ship papers. It will never be enough until he completes his citizenship, if qualified, or goes back where he belongs, if not qualified. Those fish ermen who have made their declara tion and who. have on one pretense or another postponed completion of cit izenship, should be given a suitable time to get it. Those other foreigners who have taken no measures toward citizenship or who have but just filed their declarations, should be closely scrutinized as to their qualifi cations, and as to their attitude and service in the war; and every one of them who made a purely technical claim to exemption, or who cancelled his papers for that purpose, should be denied citizenship and the privilege of fishing. Senator Xorblad is alarmed about the welfare of the industry, if too rigid requirements are made, and some of the packers ore with him. They would better be alarmed about the welfare of their country, and be the first to insist on the Americaniza tion of the fishing industry. TIME FOR ACTION. In seeking employment for dis charged soldiers and munition work ers, congress need go no further than to set waterpower free for develop ment in order to employ 100,000 men, with the probability that in a few- years work would be created" for half a million more men. This requires appropriation of little or no money, while other schemes require expendi ture of hundreds of millions, even billions. . . In stirring up the somnolent con ference committee tOjaction, Senator Jones of Washington said that within one year after passage of the bill pro jects involving investment of . $350, 000,000 of private capital in develop ment of 2,000,000 horsepower would be under way, and that some of these would result in irrigation of immense tracts of arid land. American capital ! is being invited to build power plants n other countries and will go. there if opportunity is not set free in this country. Of the CI, 000. 000 water horsepower in this country, only 6.000,000 have been developed. Of this total 72 per cent is in the Rocky mountains and Pacific coast states, but only 2,000,000 is developed. If this idle power were put to work. the population of the Pacific coast might double in ten years. The bill has been held up in con ference for weeks because some ob stinate conferees refuse to make any concession on a few details. They set their pride of opinion above the good of the country. Tho time lias come to stop debate and haggling. The time lias come to act. If that bill is not passed before March 4. the new congress '..ill have to begin the whole weary round over again. . A glimpse of American opportunity in the future is obtainable froni re ports of the agents in Siberia of tho Canadian department of trade and commerce, which show that the coun try is practically denuded of goods of every kind and that economic life cannot be resumed until actual com modities can be obtained by the people in exchange for their products. Only the appearance of goods on the market can change conditions under whicli the pioplo of the cilies are threatened with famine, whilo farm ers arc refusing to slaughter their eatlle, or to sell their grain, and no longer go to town, because they can not buy there the things the' want. The American continent, because of transportation conditions in Kuropc and Asia, is counted on to relieve tho situation. Tho first demands arc for clothing and shoes, anil after that for agricultural machinery with which to start the new season. To meet the needs of the market which it would be possible to estimate would require the product of the labor of nutny thousands of Americans. Spokane. He was in in the hospital there for a long time, but has recovered sufficiently to travel and play cards a great deal. E. H. Fosdick of Goldendale. Wash. until seven years ago well known it the northwest as a traveling man, reg istered at the Oregon yesterday. Mr. Fosdick is now the owner of the lead ing department store in the thriving Washington town. H. J. Fish, manager of the Hotel Dalles at The Dalles, Or., was at the Perkins yesterday R. Sax Jones, a prominent attorney of Seattle, was registered at the Benson yesterday. W. Cadwallader of Manila. P. I., wa at the Portland yesterday. He is man agcr of the Manila office of the E. C. Atkins Salt company. Wheeler, Or., is experiencing a period of wonderful growth and prosperity according to R. H. Cady, a prominent sjrygoods merchant of that place. The sawmills of Wheeler, he says, have de volopcd a $100,000 monthly payroll and a number of cheese factories add to the importance of the coining metropolis. The county has recently voted $500,000 for the building of paved roads and there is a great deal of enthusiasm along this line there. Mr. Cady was at the Oregon yesterdaj". A. W. Walker, automobile man of Medford, was at the Imperial yesterday with his wife and daughter. The Walkers came to Portland to welcome their 17-year-old son and brother, who is returning from I ranee with the 6ith coast artillery corps. W. J. Kerr, president of Oregon agri cultural college at Corvallis. was reg istered at the Imperial yesterday. Dr. C K. Edson of Denver, prominent throughout the middle west as a physi cian, registered at tho Benson. Dr. Kd sou is touring the Pacific coast states. Every appearance of ex-President Taft yesterday at tho Multnomah, where he and his staff arc making their headquarters while in this city, was ap plauded. Mr. Taft smiled anil chuckled as he entered the lobby, and when the diners stood up and cheered as he en tered the dining-room, ho remarked: "This is liko the seventh inning out at the baseball park in Portland." If the peace conference does not in sist that all treaties and agreements, open and secret, by which Japan and other nations have special privileges in China, shall be annulled, it will not finish its work. The door to China should not merely be thrown wide open, but should be taken off its hinges. If people want to eat oleomargarine rather than butter, they should be allowed to do so and no burden of ex tra cost put on them. There is sale for all the butter produced and the competition of a substitute is not enough to affect the price. The remarks of Philip Scheidemann and Count von Brockdorf - Rantzau imply that they labor under the de lusion that Germany won the war and is dictating terms. Marshal Foch should gently correct them by stiffen ing the armistice terms. Hundreds of condemned army horses and mules are being sold to Coblenz butchers and there will yet be something good in the Huns. If any of the unemployed are look ing for a nice, warm Job, they can find one as fireman on Uncle Sam's new ships. It is gratifying to local pride to know Mr. Taft and the other visitors saw how Portland can turn out upon occasion. Pr. Charles R. Brown says the allies must uplift the soul of the Hun. That is an even harder job than licking him. Many of the babes in arms did not know what it meant, but they will be telling of it fifty years from now. CHAIRMAN HURLEY'S GAME. The reason given for Chairman Hurley's opposition to Senator Jones' bil! opening American steel ship yards to ontside contracts is that such course might hamper the shipping board in disposing of the wooden ships now on hand. In other words, if other nations were permitted to have steel ships built here, they would not look twice at his wood ships. Here also is a possible motive for the exorbitant charter rates asked for wood ships and for carrying flour east, though Pactflc coast mills are choked with it. The shipping board loaded itself with wood ships of such designs that they were good only for the emergen cy of war, ignoring the practical de signs which it could have secured on this coast- When the emergency ended, the board cancelled contracts wholesale and tried to unload its Fer ris and Hough ships on the allies at There was no treaty, but France, be-"prices as near the exorbitant war cost! What there is of a German gov ernment knows there can be no fool ishness with General Foch. Pacifism Is not yet extinguished. It has broken out among the students of Northwestern university. One railroad builder who does not stop for war or any other disturbance is R. E. Strahorn. The Sixty-Fifth does not come home every day! That reception was only the be ginning. Give us another unit! Those who did not have a boy in the line were just as proud. Some "Johnnie,' marched home! wasn't he, as he All quiet in Butte and nearly all again at work. Much obliged, weatherfolk, for the sunshine. What if dinner was late last night! ARCHANUEI- DISTRICT DESCHIBUD Expeditionary Forces Are Defending lllenk and ISarreu Country. Archangel. Russia, where a joint al lied and Ameran expeditionary force has been in conflict with bolshevik troops, is described in a bulletin of the National Geographic society, issued from its Washington headquarters. "The city of Archangel, where allied and American troops have their head quarters, was the capital of tho Arch -1 angel province, or government, under the Tsar's regime, a vast, barren an sparsely populated region, cut throug by the Arctic circle," the bulletin says. "West and east, the distance across the Archangel district, is about that from London to Rome, from iew york to St. Louis of from Boston to Charles ton. S. '. Its area, exclusive of interio waters, Is greater than that of France, Italy, Belgium and Holland combined Yet there are not many more people l these great stretches than are to b found in Detroit, Mich., or San Fran Cisco, C'al., or Washington, D. C. "The climate is extremely cold. I the northern parts the ground does not thaw the year round. Tho port ot Arcti angel is ice-bound six months of th year, and entirely free from ice only three months. "Arable land in all this territory is less than 1200 square miles and three fourths of that is given over to pas turage. The richer grazing land sup ports Holmagor cattle, a breed said to date back to the time of Peter th Great, who crossed native herds with cattle imported from Holland. "Rocky, barren plains stretch soutn of Archangel city and these, with tn swamps and marshes to the east, and more plains and lakes to the southwest, form about half the province, while a third more is overgrown with forests. There also are tundras, covered with lichens, where reindeer find pasturage About 50 miles from the mouth oi the Dvina river, which affords an out let to the White sea, lies the city oi Archangel. Norsemen came to that port in the 10th centary for trading. One expedition was described by Alfred the Great. But first contact with tne outside world was established in the 16th century when Sir Richard Chancel lor, an English sailor, stopped at the bleak haven while attempting a north east Dassage to India. Ivan the Terri ble summoned him to Moscow ana made his visit the occasion for further Ins commercial relations with England. Thirty years after the Englishman's visit a town was established and for the next 100 years it was the Musco vite kingdom s only seaport, chief door way for trade with England and Hoi land. "When Peter the Great established St. Petersburg as his new capital much trade was diverted to the Baltic, but Archangel was compensated by desig nation as the capital of the Archangel government. Boris Godunov threw trade open to all nations, and in the 17th century Tartar prisoners were set to work building a large bazaar and trading hall. Despite its isolation the city thus became a cosmopolitan center and up to the time of the world war Norwegian, German, British, Swedish and Danish cargo vessels came in large numbers. "Every June thousands of pilgrims would pass through Archangel on their way to the famous far nortn shrine, Solovetsky Monastery, situated on an island a little more than half a day's boat journey from Archangel. "The city acquired its name from the convent of Archangel Michael. In the Troitzki cathedral, with its five domes, is a wooden cross, 14 feet high, carved by the versatile Peter the Great, who learned the use of mallet and chisel while working as a shipwright in Hol land after he ascended the throne. rllESS ESTIMATE OF MR. PITTOCK, Farther Comment of Northwest Papers on Fasaing of Publisher. Lebanon Express. His success in business was due largely to his power of vision, which enabled him to take advantage of op portunities as they were presented, and which others passed by. His idea of service' seeme to be to create new enterprises that would furnish employ ment to others, which would help them to help themselves. In his business relations he was just and fair, and early in life established that reputation which was an asset to him in his deal ing with men. Courageous Task Accompliahed. Dufur Dispatch. When Henry L. Pittock died there passed away one of the most noted journalists in the United States. The founding of a daily newspaper in the pioneer northwest of more than half a century ago. and that in the face of great 'opposition, required a man of courage, and then maintaining n through all the years, against all the obstacles with which the small news paper has to combat, was an almost heruculean task. But as his monu ment The "Oregonian stands today the leading newspaper of the northwest, if not of the entire Pacific coast. Identified With Betterment. Lakeview Examiner. Jn the death of Henry L. Pittock, publisher of The Oregonian, this state has lost one of ber lorcmost citizens. His. public career Is well known to every citizen of Oregon, for he has been identified with all movements that tended for the betterment of the state at large. Grrnt Single Factor. Jefferson Review. For over half a century be has been the greatest single factor in the devel opment of the state. He was finan cially interested in many industries, but his lifework was Tho Oregonian. in which he ever retained a contriving interest, and which he builded from a country weekly into a great daily that has no superior in the newspaper world. Thousands of people knew Mr. Pittock, but it was the printers of the day.s of hand composition and other employes of The Oregonian who really knew the great heart of the man. The small army of employes were his "boys." and no father could have been kinder to them. In Other Days. Fifty Venrs Ago. From Tha Oregonian of February 18, 1Sf9. Washington, D. C. General Grant received a letter from Bismarck acknowledging the receipt of a copy of Badeau's military history ot France. Chicago. The Havana authorities refused to recognize the American con sul except as a commercial agent. Madrid. Popular demonstrations aro being made again In this city in favor of freedom of religious worship, also for the abolishment of capital pun ishment. Washington. In the senate debate today not a single member was in favor of the ratification of the Ala bama treaty. Man of Sound Judgment. Vale Enterprise. He was respected as a man of great judgment and has built a living monu ment in memory ot himself, and it is hoped that The Oregonian of the future will be known as was The Oregonian of Harvey Scott and Henry I,. Pittock. the grcatesc periodical on the 1'acific coast. I.rfi lmprex on Mate. Hood itiver Glacier. His reticence for these more than 50 years was an undeniable evidence of his distaste for ostentation. And yet we know of no man who has left so deeply the impressions of his character on tho creat state, the industries of which he has in a large degree helped to develop. They are perhaps greater than we will ever know. Twenty-five 1 ears Ago, From The Orpyonian of February Is. 1S94. Topeka. Mary E. Lease claims to be a Mason and in a statement today proposed to organize lodges of masonry for women throughout the -country. Berlin. Today the federal council gave Its unanimous approval to the commercial treaty with Russia. Vancouver. Wash. Tonight 500 en thusiastic taxpayers of this county as sembled at the Standard theater to devise ways and means to reduce tax ation. Grant, Crook and Gilliam counties plan to construct a bridge over the John Day, soutriwest of Fossil. EGG SHORTAGE OXI,Y APPARENT Too Far Away. PORTLAND, Feb. 17. (To the Edi tor.) Are we not expecting too much for our shipyards? Should we not re member we are "3000 miles away" from Washington? Shipyards, like republican congress men of thorough Americanism, are use ful in emergency. But the emergency passed and democratic politicians are more in vogue and demand. "Blow, blow, thou wintry winds; thou canst not be more unkind than" a democratic administration's ingrati tude. I'm an Indian maiden. I've been reading Shakespeare. I think the quo tation is very apt or pat. whichever way you care to arrange the letters. SUSIE ETTA DOG. LET'S HAVE SAJ1E ALL 01" II OW.V '.Multnomah" SuRcentrd lor Deoigna tlon of Consolidated City and County. PORTLAND. Feb. 17. (To the Edi tor.) I take it from the reports ot tne proposed consolidation of the city and county that the name ol tne county is to be changed to Portland so that it will be the city and county of Portland. f this is done the beautiful and historic name "Muitnoman win vinuiny eliminated from our state's contem poraneous history. Would it not be possible to retain it bv changing the name of the city and making it the city and county of Mult nomah? The objections that it would be troublesome and costly will hardly avail, for it will also be costly and troublesome to change the name of the county. And so long as it will he so in either case, why not make the change in the best way. The city df .Multnomah! The name would be suggestive of our early ms tory and all the legendary and romance of our native Indian tribes. On all sides of us the historical names arc being retained and of themselves aro of a certain attractiveness. If In doubt of this Just reflect for a minute and realizu how the old Spanish names o California attract our admiration and the Indian names of Washington, es neciallv Tacoma and Seattle. There wil be no such queries as "Which Portland? Portland, Maine, or Oregon'.'" or maybe Numerous other Portlands. There really can be no objection ex cent those as stated and they are met if it is a fact that the name of either the city or county must be changed A NATIVE. THE HOME-COMIXG. Join in the joy of the many, now our heroes are coming home. And weep In the desolate places for those who do not come. The bugle sounds, and through the ntreeta the nageant sweeps along, Our gallant men, whose valiant deeds have helDed defeat the wrong, They left the desk and plow for war, over a year ago. Now heroes bold, and history s page their deeds of valor show. Tls grand to have them back again these stalwart sons of ours, We welcome them with grateful hearts, and strew their w ay wun nowers. From the war-worn serried columns which file so bravely by. We miss the forms of many sons who marched avvav to die. Some lie in graves of glory as they fell before the foe, Sonje died in camp, and some are gone whose fate we do not know. Killed in battle, dead and missing in broken ranks they stay. Until the great archangel ushers in the Judgment day. They have scaled the sullen ramparts, the lurid walls of flame, Passed through the gates of glory, and reached the heights of fame. On the brazen shield of honor tney are borne in regal state. And" they grace in pallid splendor the Valhalla of the great. We read the roll of honor with sor row and tears and pride. All that was theirs they gave us; they for the nation died. We pray for consolation for the heart of the desolate one. May God bring balm to the mother or fathers who mourns a son. Time, as of old. will heal war s wounds as it heals the wounds or peace. With saddened thoughts and with hearts bowed down, pray all that war may cease. Join in the joy of the many for the safety of tatner and son. And weep in the desolate places with the one who mourns tor one. W. I. C. German Etiquette la "Shown." - Red Cross Magazine. We paid our respects to the mayor of Lille, who greeted us in his temporary ffice to which he' had moved alter the nemy had destroyed tne town nan. He spoke feelingly of the great Joy of i3 citizens at their deliverance. . . . He told us how he had been severely eprimanded by the kommandantur for daring to speak to him with his hands in his pockets, but that the latter he 25 years the mayors junior in point of age had most "graciously" permitted him to smoke a cigarette in is august presence! Salmon Fry F.Korrs AUfvtrd by Plf terrnvc la State Policies. PORTLAND. Fob. 17. (To tho TA tor.) In replying- to the artirle In Tho Oregonian, ilonday, by L-ofIio IT. Par- whv fish commissioner of ashlngi.on. regarding- tho fish pituation on the Columbia river, it in not my purpose to enter into a discussion on the dif ferences brought out by Mr. IHrwin relative to the changes in the existing laws proposed by him, hh these ques tions were broucrltt up and fully dis cussed in the meeting of tho committee from the Oregon and AVashinston leg islatures, which met in joint conference Portland on Saturday, February 8. The settlement of those questions rightly belongs to the legislative, bodies of the respective stntes and not to the executive officers of the fisheries de partment. ut inasmuch as IM i Darwin lias seen fit. in order to substantiate his contention for chants in the existing laws, to make comparison of the out put from hatcheries, in the two states which he would indicate that re habilitation of the run of the Columbia river s;ilmon was mostly due to the operation of the AVashincton hatch eries, 1 feel that in justice to those of us who are connected witli the work of tho Oregon hatcheries and for the benefit of tho Oregon people who aro not fully acquainted with tho methods of he fish propagation as it is carried on along; the i.oiumnia river t Tin two stairs, to say that the methods of hati-hery work followed by the Oregon authorities is altogether diffyent from those of the Washington hatcheries. 3'"or the past years the Oregon fish and pamo commission has followed the pract ice of holding; and fiedins; the younpr fish until they attain the ace of from two to nine, months before liberal incr them into the streams; while the practice of the Washington authorities is to turn practically all fish out at a very young; are and only a very small per cent have been held and fed. It is perhaps true that as Mr. Iar win says the number of fry turned out at the Waaiiinprtoii hatcheries is in ex cels of tbso liberated from the Oregon hatcheries, but it mut be understood in this connection that it is the policy of the Orejion fish and frame commis sion to turn out fcood. lare, husky, youns fish, rather than great numbers of small fry, as there is no doubt that the results from turning the fish out at such a very tender age to . be easily preyed upon by their many enemies are small. Certainly the conditions on Putet Sound would not speak well for that custom. iSo it can be better un derstood, will say that at tho OreRon hatcheries on the Columbia river there is fed to fish held in the ponds from 150 to -.00 tons of feed annually. And again, it may bo said that the Oregon hatcheries located on the Columbia river operate largely on the epawrt taken from tho early spring run of the royal eh i nook salmon, whilo the egss hatched at tho Washington hatcheries are from the fall run and tulle salmon. In comparing tho methods of the hatchery work now being carried on by the two states, it can be truthfully said that tho Oregon plan is far supe rior. !r. C. II. iilbert. professor of biology at the Stanford university, who is recognized as the greatest authority on Pacific coast ffalmon, has heartily indorsed the methods now be- ' ing carried on by the Oregon fish and game commission, as well as has al most every canneryman on both sides of the Columbia river. Canners havV backed their approval of the Oregon hatchery work by contributing from their own private funds thousands of dollars annually, the amount donated the past two years being almost 522.000, which was turned over with the under standing that it would be used at tho Oregon hatcheries. There need be no concern over Mr. Darwin's shortage of eggs in 1918. Tho Oregon commission took from spring fish in 1918 the greatest in its history. It is true Mr. Darwin took less, but perhaps his shortage was not more than would be equaled by what he has been in the habit of taking from the river to plant on the sound. R. E. CLANTOX. Oregon's Master Fish Warden and Superintendent of Hatcheries. TIME TO MAKE KEW STRIKE LIST. Local Chronicler of Disturbances In ' Republican Time in Challenged. ALGOMA, Or., Feb. 16. (To the Kdi- tor.) Five years ago Milton A. Miller had a lengthy article in The Oregonian concerning various strikes which oc curred, under republican administra tions. He attributed the cause of those strikes to the fiscal policy of the repub lican party and intimated a change in that policy would produce fewer strikes. If the Sage of Lebanon will now come forth with a detailed account of all the strikes which have occurred under the present administration which is the longest democratic regime he has ever known, it will be interesting and per haps amusing reading. The fiscal policy of the republican party was in operation more than half century. Lnder its wise provisions the people of this republic acquired wealth, which wealth was the chief factor in winning the world's greatest war. The mighty men who mold and maintained that policy "builded better than they knew." Many of them are at rest, but their work lives after them and continues to bring blessings to mankind. . O. EINXS. t Civil Service Examination. MARKHAM, Wash., Feb. 13. (To the Editor.) I noticed an item in a local paper regarding th government hold ing examinations for auditors, statis tical clerks, etc. Will you please let me know through the columns of your paper where I can obtain more details of these examinations and oblige? S. A. SIPPKELL. H. S. civil service commission, popt ofi'ice building, Portland, or same, Seattle. Taft looked as soi as ever 1