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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 26, 1918)
13 THE MOBXIXGr OREGONIA, FRIDAY, .TTTLT 20, 1918. mm PORTLAND. OREGOS. Xntered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflce aa second-class mall matter. -Subscription rates Invariably In advance: (By Mail.) . Daily, Sunday Included, one year . . . ..'po Daily. Sunday included, six months - . - . . 2-; Dally, Sunday included, three months 2-j J.)ally, Sunday Included, one mouth . -. . Dally, without Sunday, one year '.. Daily, without Sunday, six months ...... Taily, without Sunday, one month, ...... "Weekly, one year ................-.- ii'itn Sunday, one year ................ Zrct Sunday and weekly (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday included, one year Xaily, Sunday included, one month ..... Daily, Sunday included, three months ... 2.-5 Daily, without Sunday, one year - J-j Daily, without Sunday, three months ... Daily, without fcunday. one month 5 How to Remit Send postofflce money or der, express or personal check on your local tank. Stamps, coin or currency are at own er's risk. Give postofflce address in lull. In cluding county and state. Postage Kates 12 to 16 pases, 1 cent: 18 to 3- pages, cents; 3 to 48 pages, 8 cents; SO to 6 pages, 4 cents; 6- to pages, 5 cents: 78 to Si pases, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree Conk lln, Brunswick building. New York; Verree & Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; Verree Conklln. Kree Press building. Detroit, Mich. ; Pan Prancisco representative, R. J. Bldwell, 7 Market street. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PBES8. The Associated Press Is exclusively enti tled to the use for republication of ad news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to this paper, and also the locai news published herein. All rights of republication of special dis patches herein are also reserved. PORTLAND, " FRIDAY, JULY 26, 191S. CHURCHES AND SMALL COLLEGES. The action of the Presbyterian synod at Eugene in proposing co-operation or federation with other denom inations on the sole basis of "simple faith in Jesus Christ" ia a sign of the times. More than ever there Is rec ognition of the common aims of all Christian denominations, more, than ever a trend toward practical appli cation of the brotherhood of man. Creeds are not important, but faith is essential, and works are vital. Cler gymen have gone to war, and many of the others left behind are under paid. Everywhere there are dimin ished congregations, languishing mem bership, wasted or unappreciated ef fort. Something is the matter. There is no reason for misunderstanding as to the basic nature of the trouble: the difficulty is about the cure. When doctors disagree the patient dies, or gets well, sometimes, by virtue of his own strength and virtue. Not long ago there was a project for union of several church congrega tions in a certain town, and everybody concerned was happy in the thought that a flourishing organization would grow where three unprosperous ones grew before. Then someone discov ered that under the creed of a par ticular denomination there were as pects of the communion which could not be accommodated to the alien de nominations. It was an exclusive service for the particular benefit of the elect, and the only way to be re ceived was through the narrow door of creed. At last reports, so far as we have noted, the merger stuck there. Each is going its separate way, and the old complaints about failure of the public to appreciate the valuable and indispensable work the churches are doing will no doubt soon be re sewed. The synod is clear enough about what should be done about church federation; but it appears to be in dif ficulties about its duty toward Albans College. There is an institution that has for fifty years, and more, under the fostering care of the Presbyterian Church, performed an important edu cational service to a large community and in lesser ways to the state. A year or two ago the synod withdrew its support in the belief that the col lege was in the way of general edu cational development, and that other near-by institutions, freed from com petition, would benefit and the public on the whole would be the gainer. It is apparent .enough that the synod has been quite as consistent in its policy of union or absorption for its college as for the. church; but the question may nevertheless be asked if he cases are parallel ? There is a place for the small col lege, or academy, as a regional insti tution of culture, morality and educa tion quite apart from the work of the public schools. A city or town which is not willing to support such an in stitution does not understand its worth or itf real function in the cul tural life or its people. .There is no purpose to insist that every com munity of several thousand people should have an independent or rival institution with other places; but there is no reason why a general edu cational scheme cannot be devised by which such a college can be co-ordinated with others and made a prepar atory school for the larger institutions elsewhere 'For long years there was main tained in Southern Oregon an acad emy at "Wilbur. The influence of this fine school on that particular section of Oregon and its people can hardly be overestimated. It was permitted to perish because it was mistakenly thought that its usefulness was at an end. -At Dallas there was the La Creole Academy and there are men and women to testify to the invalu able service it performed for them. It has a place in history there that nothing can efface or replace. Why did it go? The Christian college at Monmouth was long the perfect re flection of the ideal life of that fine region. It was merged into a Normal school, which is doubtless doing even better work; but the record of the de nominational college there is good and will not be, for it cannot be, for gotten. A small college at Corvallis out grew its swaddling clothes and be came the State Agricultural College, and no regret need be expressed that it is so; yet it had a deserved name for good works. A few miles away, at Philomath, there was another school. The testimony as to its early service is good; but there was some dispute over creed, and another col lege was started. It may be admit ted that there was then one, perhaps two, too many: At The Dalles mem ory takes one back to the old Blue Mountain Academy, and the inspira tion toward a higher intelligence and morality it long maintained. Now there are left Willamette Uni versity at Salem and its noble career for more than seventy years, and Pa cific University at Forest Grove, where lived and taught many revered instructors and from whence went many boys and girls thoroughly fitted for contact with the world. We would not overlook Pacific College at New- berg, yet active in its chosen duties. serving well many devoted students. These three latter still survive and there is no prospect that they will be permitted to pass out. Only Albany College among the four seems to be marked for lamented desuetude. It is said that the resources of Albany College, including its endow ment, are more than $300,000. It ' has maintained itself without a deficit for two years and its sponsors are strong in the conviction that It may, with reasonable backing, have a satis factory future. Herein is not so much a plea for the continuance of this particular school, however, as the ob servation that a way should be found to utilize all the zeal, enthusiasm, in telligence and sacrifice which have been put into Albany College in some practicable way. Without reflection on any denomination or disposition to minimize the importance or value to any one of his particular faith in a particular creed, it may well be said that if there could be harmony of ideas and work among the churches at Albany, with less emphasis on the things which divide them and more impetus for the thing which surely should unite them, all placed behind church and school,' both religion and education would be the gainer. No one will say that there has not been much duplication in investment in the physical property of denominations at Albany. How many kinds of Pres byterians are there, for example? Or Methodists? A well-organized and well-con ducted minor college at Albany or at any place of its size could be and should be a center of moral and edu cational influence which would be a source of pride and satisfaction to every citizen and which, might be and should be a magnet for every kind of beneficial community effort. Our Idea is that such a school might serve pri marily the interests of a particular section, ' and that the encouragement and support of all people there should be committed to it, for their advant age. There is no reason why any de nomination should withdraw its pat ronage; but all the more reason why it should be given, since the chances of success would thus be the greater and the reflected benefits the more marked. PERSONA NOK GRATA. The activities of Representative Slayden have not often distinguished themselves on the National political horizon; yet he is evidently a figure of some consequence in the eyes of the White House. For twenty-two years he has served his Texas district in Congress, obviously to its satisfaction, until now. He withdraws, giving no reason. But there is no mystery about it. President Wilson gives the reason. He sent a telegram to Texas, couched in the following unmistakable language: The Administration, aa between candi dates equally loyal, never takes part; but In the light of Mr. Slayden'a record, no one can claim he has given support to the Administration. Sometimes we find ourselves won dering what would have happened to Senator Chamberlain if, perchance, he had been a candidate for re-election in this year of grace. A CENTCKT BEHIND THE TIMES. There is nothing surprising in the peace terms which the Kaiser is said to have asked Spain to submit to the allies. They are his reading of the military map. He considers that he has won In the east and that the allies have no say in what he does there. As they still make a stubborn fight in the west he offers to give up all that he has won in that quarter, even with the addition of Alsace-Lorraine, in the hope that France and Italy will quit. He wants an old-fashioned diplomatic deal around a conference table with regard to Belgium and the Balkans. He seems to believe either that the United States and Great Britain would give up if deserted by France and Italy, or that he could defeat them in a long war, during which he would build up his navy to superiority. That is the inference to be drawn from his demand that the fortifications of Gib raltar and the Suez Canal be disman tled and that the German colonies be returned. The proposals show that the Kaiser is a century behind the times, for they are such as might have been submitted to- the Congress of Vienna In 1816. France and Italy are not fighting for territory only, as he seems to imagine, but to punish the authors of fright- fulness and to destroy their power to repeat their crimes. The United States and Great Britain are fighting to make an end of Hunnishness and militarism once for all, not to acquire territory, and they have been Joined by many other nations with the same object. They would be parties to no deal which would leave Germany in prac tical possession of Russia, free to de velop and use that country's resources in another war. The allies are confident that Amerl can aid will enable them to win com plete victory; , therefore we may be confident that they will go on and finish the work they have begun. AN ARMt OF FIVE MILLIONS. If the plan outlined by Secretary of War Baker should be followed, and if movement of troops to France should continue at the present rate until all those now in training camps have gone over, we should have in Europe early in November an Army of 2,570,000 men, of whom about 1,700,000 would be combatants. None would remain in camp at that date in this country except the 600,000 to be called In August, September and Octo ber, to whom would be added 150,000 in November and 125,000 in December, As these late drafts would not finish training and be ready for the front for at least several months, movement- across the ocean would slacken up after January 1, 1919, and would not again reach its present volume until the new drafts beginning on that date were ready to cross. Summer would again have come before we should have four million men at the front, and a great drive with the new levies would be imperative in order to get the proposed five million men to France before the close of next year. These things suggest that other fac tors of preparation besides man power may enter into Secretary Baker's cal culations, otherwise his delay In pre senting a plan for revision of the draft age would be indefensible. Additions to the human strength of the Army imply additions also to the regular supply of arms, ammunition, clothing and food at the front, and to the ton nage of ships used to carry these sup plies. In a Senate debate Senator Thomas calculated that 15,000,000 tons of ships ould be required to keep 5,000.000 men supplied, and we shall do well to provide this new tonnage by the end of 1919 and leave a fair margin for commerce. Production of all war material must progressively increase as the Array grows, and we cannot expect that gun foundries, air plane factories - and powder factories will have reached the maximum till next Spring. Is it possible that growth of the Army is to be checked in order that production of war material of all kinds may catch up? If the new draft law should be In operation by October 1, three months would probably be consumed In reg istering and' classifying the men newly made subject to draft. When that work was done, enough, class 1 men wouia te available not only to en-1 large the Army to five million men bundle of .bits of paper representing but to maintain it at that strength by mere verbiage." He could not be "en regular drafts for several years, or to tirely patient with the kind of folly enlarge it still further. Such a steady that advocates reducing this country flow of men would be the most power- to the position of China and Luiem ful factor in overpowering the Ger- burg." He then gave the first lntl man militarists, for it would con- matlon of the opinion which he later stantly keep the American Army at expressed that The Hague treaties the front up to strength, while the morally bound the United States to German forces would be wasting away, intervene on behalf of Belgium, for ha The course of the War Department said: has given such frequent evidence of There is even a possible ouestlon whether oniy meeting emergencies as - they arose, for example when troops were rushed across with the aid of British ships after the German drive began. that the one good augury to be drawn from Mr. Baker's delay is that he ia preparing, a well-considered plan for attaining sufficient military Strength to defeat Rrrmmv and for then main- to oeieac trermany ana lor tnen mam- talning that Strength undiminished until the work Is done. ' His dellbera- tion Indicates that he is learning and I is growing up to his Job. I ROOSEVELT AS A WAR LEADER. In an effort to prove that Colonel Roosevelt vaa as lacking in discern ment of the real interests at stake during the early months of the war as any other American, and is entitled to no more credit for leadership than mr. uart ana in ract was disposed to palliate the offenses of Germany against Belgium, a correspondent at I South Bend quotes at second hand policy which George Washington en from the Colonel's writings at that Joined upon a weak Nation, having time. His quotations and the con- lust achieved Independence in an elusions drawn from them are an ex- ample of the danger of picking a few disconnected phrases from a reasoned argument, wrenching them from their context and ignoring the purpose with which they were written. At that time W. J. Bryan was Sec- retary of State and was making peace and arbitration treaties by wholesale. I The whole pacifist crowd was applaud- ing his scheme to guarantee peace with these scraps of paper, and the American people had not yet awakened I from its dream that the golden age of peace had begun. Colonel Roose- velt was doing his utmost to awaken the people to the truth that the only sure guaranty of a nation s lndepend- I ence and vital interests was the force I back of its treaties. He held the same opinion with regard to a league of . nations for the maintenance of I peace. I On July 26, 1914 the day after I Austria began hostilities against Ser-1 bia Mr. Bryan made a pronounce-1 ment in favor of extending arbltra-1 tion to disputes which affect the vital I interests, independence and honor of I the Nation. Solely for the purpose I of combating his arguments. Colonel I Roosevelt wrote two articles In the I Outlook, in which he drew conclu- sions from the events of the war to I drive his points home. He assumed an ultra-Judicial attitude toward the I merits of the quarrel in Europe, ex-1 pressly avoiding any expression of opinion as to which party was light, I for he wished to keep the minds of his readers clear from excitement and I from bias arising from sympathy with either group of belligerents for the purpose of concentrating their atten- tion on the lessons which Americans could learn. The first article, entitled 'The Foreign Policy of the United States," was published on August-22, 1914, and, referring to Mr. Bryan's all-inclusive arbitration manifesto, he said: Inside of a week after this amiable decla ration Luxemburg, In spite of treaties ex plicitly guaranteeing her neutrality and in dependence, was taken possession of by one of the great military powers which was on the eve of going to war. and Belgium aio. l n spite 01 similar treaties, saw her territory Invaded 1 am not taking sides one way or the other aa concerns, the violation or disregard of these treaties. When giants are engaged & death wrestle, as they reel to and fro they are certain to trample on whoever gets In the way of either of the huge, straining combatants unless it is dangerous to do to. Weak peoples everywhere are lvlnc helo- less and oppressed in spite of treaties be cause, aa the world is now constituted, a not worth the paper upon which it is I written. I The second article, entitled "The I World War; Its Tragedies and Its Lessons." was published on September 23, 1914, and is the one from which Norman Hapgood made his fragmen- tary quotations in Collier's, to be quotea in turn ny i ne uregonian s t-orrpoimeau oionei Roosevelt ex- nwAeeorl rr f nHfllrta Vin "miei mina-r I stands well jiigh. alone among the great powers in being unshaken" by the war. He said we were fortunate to have been free from the working of its causes, that we must stand ready to work for a Just peace and for an international agreement "to at least minimize the chances of. the recur rence of war," and should make an effort for "effective protection to weak or small nations." He left no doubt of his sympathy with Belgium and said: "If there is any meaning in the words 'right and 'wrong,' " Belgium "has suffered wrongfully." He quoted Germany's appeal to "the supreme law of self-preservation" in her defense, and cited examples where other nations had acted in accordance with that law, but added: I wish it explicitly understood that I am not at this time passing Judgment one way or the other for what she did to Belgium. He referred to Germany's deliberate preparations to violate Belgium, to the teaching of German militarists that neutrality treaties need not be ob - served, and that ruthlessness must be practiced in war. He refused to dis- cuss the question whether such acts were necessary, but was "merely call ing attention to what has actually been done in Belgium In accordance with what the Germans unquestion ably sincerely believe to be the course of conduct necessitated by Germany's struggle." He continues: Germany's struggle for her life does not make It any easier for the Belgians to suffer death. ... All that Is necessary for my present purpose Is to point out the obvious fact that the Germans are In Belgium from no. fault of the Belgian, hilt tii-1, h.-.M no, fault of the Belgians but purely because the Germans deemed It to their vital in terest to violate Belgium's rlghta. Then came the reference to "my own German ancestors In the Pala tinate" and to his pride in his Ger man blood, followed by this applica tion of the lesson taught by Belgium's sufferings to the case of the United States: What has occurred to Belgium Is precisely what would occur under similar conditlona to us. unless we were able to show that L?'-"i?,?.,Tl,i " "DJ..?!?- were engaged In war a!nd deemed such set inn necessary and safe. It would at once seize the Panama Canal or the Danish, or Dutch West Indies or -tlagdalena Bay. exactly as Belgium and Luxemburg have been overrun Japan. They would certainly so act if they thought we would in any real crisis In the all-inclusive arbitration treaties that 'have Just been negotiated In Washington. They wouia retrain from so acting only if they knew we would Instantly and resolutely act ourselves In such manner aa to forestall ana aeieat tneir action. tlcular actions of which I speak. But I do wish to point oot Just what these actions are should learn from thin, so fir a. ou? own future is concerned. One lesson was that decision as to the best course to follow in the in- terest of peace Is not simple. An- other was that treaties are no defense for a nation unless backed by effective f orcet and that the Bryan treaties with no force behind them would be "a are. not ourselves, like other neutral powers, violating obligations which we have explicitly or impliedly assumed In the Hague treaties. In chapter 1 of the convention de fining the rights and duties of neutrals, the tenth article reads: "The fact of a neutral power -resisting even by force attempts to violate its neutrality cannot be regarded as a hostile act." The precise worth of this particular nrovlafnn and of all other urn. visions In all these treaties, save as they are backed by force Is beautifully illustrated by wht hB befallen Belgium at this time, All that she has suffered has been exactly - nd Precisely because she did -resist by force theory, so far as proper treaties go. she cannot be considered to have committed treats her acts. Under aettlal conditions this Hague guarantee would excite laugh ter were not the tragedy such aa to move u ' instead. In fact. Colonel Roosevelt was at first bewildered and in doubt about the rights and wrongs of the war, as were many other Americans, and he believed that we mlsrht stand aloof. All of us, whichever way our sym- pathles Inclined, believed that wo could still follow, as a great Nation in the twentieth century world, the eighteenth century world. But Colo nel Roosevelt at the outset laid hold on certain truths and proclaimed them that treaties are no stronger than the force which supports them, and that Belgium's fate might be in store for any nation which trusted in treaties alone. He learned quickly. and, aa he learned, he conveyed the lesson to his fellow-countrymen with all his force and clarity of reasoning. He saw that German lawlessness might soon draw us into tho war, and he led the movement for preparedness. When the Lusitanla was sunk he saw that the time to strike had come, and he said so, redoubling his summons to prepare. Mr. Taft, too, has done his duty In that regard, but it Is no disparagement of him to say that Colonel Roosevelt has been the most active force in arousing the American people to their duty to themselves and the world Any reference to his conduct in 1913 is irrelevant, for the events of 1912 are already ancient history. There is no question of his sincere, unselfish. patriotic service at this time, and by it he has abundantly atoned for any Wrong done then. Mr. Roosevelt's advocacy of pre- paredness was Implied la the articles quoted and soon afterwards was openly expressed, growing in vigor with the lapse of time. He spoke out as soon as any man. Nor was his a mere party propaganda. Pacifists were almost. If not quite, as numerous among Republicans as among Demo- crats in 1914 and 1915, and he at- tacked them wherever he found them criticising the Administration only so far as it actively opposed preparedness. Evidence of the progress of the col ored race in America is revealed as an incident of the raising of a fund to buy books for negroes serving in the Army. The aim of the movemen is the establishment of 4000 small libraries of twenty-one books each, all the books being of negro author shin, and a noteworthy fact about th r,irlH. that thev n rn unlvnrsallv them Doing tut tney are universally optimistic in wrae. several idmc real literary merit, Booker T. Wash ington's "Up From Slavery," of course, being at the head of the list, with Paul Lawrence Dunbar near the top and W. E. B. Dubois contributing the greatest number of volumes. The ef fort of the leaders, it would seem from perusal of the list of books, is not only to remind their people of the nrhtAvements of others of the race. as In the Army in the times when it was represented by only four regi 1 merits, but to urge them to create new I traditions for the Inspiration of the! I descendants. An Mbaxiy man waa fined $100 for Bni-,-,ine. diseased hotr to Portland. ..-. wu,iU.,,Th(, leads, to the belief there Is more of that practice and Portland peopl eat the stuff and do not die because of Ignorance of the fact. That's a great idea to give a ban quet to the fifty-nine young colored men going next week to Camp Lewis and the Afro-Aroertcans of Portland can be depended upon to make an af fair not to be forgotten. A polymath is one who "knows much," and, though Private Edwards, at Camp Lewis, given twenty-five years for insubordination, thinks he is one now, he'll be much polymather before he gets out, Even Prussian discipline cannot stand the strain to which it is put when hungry soldiers sight good food The primeval instinct rises superior I to the teachings of two centuries, If the striking English munition 1 workers are still capable of a blush they must have reddened when they read the telegram from their fellow workmen at Woolwich one reason more barns are hit by lightning in this region than formerly Is that there are more bams to be hit. There ia no more lightning than usual One works better and eats more In prevailing temperatures. Even the I swimming is better, for all boys know lt. -,nrmoi- In than nut It S Warmer in Ulan OUl. At last the .British aviators are to bomb behind the lines and every howl from a Hun town will Induce a chee In civilized places. End of July joke: Germans are to start a new offensive on the Italian front. The Italians hope to catch 'em at it- When a reformed smoker talks I acalnst uslne tobacco, perhaps peopl I -HU heed but there are no reformed . ' " ! cu I smoKers. There will be a famine of great white ways till the war ends or till Tvaterppwer 13 uniocKeq I --Via t.n.mlmitn horse arouses littla une two-minute norse arouses I mue I enthusiasm in a people addicted to the i one-minute car habit. I Milk as a beverage will go Off the card lf tno dairymen have their waj I in increasing the price. The Americans will, if any can. catch the Crown Prince. I When a man catches "shingles" he needs lime find plaster. BOW AIRMEN E.VQAGB IX BATTLE Disposition of Planes and Modes of At tack Authoritatively Explained. The disposition of forces and the or der of battle employed by allies and Germans In their air battles are graph ically described in a communication to the National Geographical Society from Captaln'Andre de Berroeta, of the French aviation service. His descrip tion of the manner in which the oppos ing forces are aligned above the trenches is made publics by the society in the following war a-eoE-ranh-v- bul letin issued from its Washington head quarters: 1 will explain In a few words the methods of the pursuit or fighting plrnes and the. special duties which the aviators of the pursuit nauad- s have to perform. To under stand the tactics of our machines you must be acquainted with the methods r the enemy that is, with the forma tion adopted by the Germans for the execution of their work. In normal times the German planes are disposed in three stories, the most levated being also the farthest from the front. 1 The spotting and infantry planes. at a height of about 3600 feet and at least half a mile from the front. These are protected by: 2 A defense (barrage) of two-seat- rs. at a height of about 9000 feet and from two to three miles within their lines. 3 Lastly by the "aces." who utllls ing the best single-seat and a few two scat planes, hold themselves at a height f about 12.000 feet, between three and four miles back of their lines. In periods of crisis, when an attack la believed imminent, or when photo graphs are to be taken within our lines, the Germans launch large groups of machines over the affected points. particular, reconnaissance missions executed at heights of 13,500 to 15.500 feet. To this rigid and defensive arrange ment we oppose a war of movement by the employment of offensive cruisers. terraced like the enemy's machines, which it Is their duty to attack. Our fighting machines are at present wlft single-seaters, flying from 125 to 140 miles an hour, each armed with ore or two machine guns, rigidly fas ened to the airplane and capable or shooting only In the direction of the axis of the machine, not pivoted like the gr.ns on war vessels. The pilot therefore must fly straight at the enemy in order to be able to fire at him. He must be skillful in aiming and steering at the same time, o at the moment for firing the hostile plane will be in the, sighting line of his machine Run. I leave to you to imagine the skill required to attain this result, when one attacks an enemy fly ing at an average velocity of 125 miles per hour, with his own machine going at an equal or greater speed. e e e The following are the principal cases or attack for fighting planes: The attack by an isolated single seater on a single-seater likewise iso lated. This Is the easiest case. Above all. the effect of surprise Is sought. either by taking advantage of fog, or by getting between the sun and the ad versary, or getting vertically over him. where he cannot see you. Having made successful approach, you must get Into a good firing position a short distance below and behind your adver ar, while avoiding the wind from his propeller. To accomplish this, each pilot uses his Individual methods, which vary in each particular case. One of the com mon maneuvers consists In diving from a sufficient distance to about 300 feet behind the adversary, dropping about 60 feet lower and coming Into position for flrina: at an upward dash. If the enemy has suspected nothing. It is "assassination. If he has seen you, he either flees or accepts combat If he flees, fire after him. If he accepts battle, each adversary maneuvers to keep the upper position in the air In order to be able to drop suddenly behind and below the other. It is a question of skill and quickness of eye. After a few passes, one of the two gets the upper hand. When the boch. feels himself beaten, he usually tries to escape by diving. If he dive In t straight line, keep firing after him. as at a target. If he zigzags, you must keep close behind him, tacking every time he does. His only salvation then lies In the tail-spin or in turning over on the wing. Often the single-seaters prefer to operate in rairs. In this case they either both attack at the same time, in order to divide the attention of the German; or one attacks above while the other guards the rear or tne at tacking machine. 2 Attack on a two-seater by a stngl seater: To effect a surprise i alway first consideration. The Importance of the attacking position Is greatly in creased by the presence, on a hostll plane, of a machine gun operated by the observer and often covering a larg field. Before all, one must never ge i.'.to the three-quarters position rear, b-low. nor especially above for h would certainly receive somo bullets. The best position is cither in. iron and a little below, or under trro tan. If he Is coming from three-quarter front, on the same level, he opens tire at about 90 feet, and lf the boche veers to c-lve the field to his observer, h takes advantage of this move to get under his tall. 3. Attack on a hostile group hy single-seater: ins ooject or tne urs maneuver is to isolate one of the air p Lines, so as to attaele It separately. He drops into the midst of the group while keeping a little above and firing at all his adversaries, so as to iorce them to maneuver. It is seldom ma one of the enemy, in his excitement. does not detach himself by turning to ihA riarht. while the others turn to tn left. It is upon the former that ou fighter precipitates hlmseir. e A Battle of a group of single-seat ers against a hostile group: The group consisting of four or five machines, holds Itself at a high altitude. The V formation of flying is adopted. The leader files at the point or tne v, tne others being terraced behind him. The planes leave about 450 feet between them. In terraces, the leader being the lowest, The Germans fly likewise in v forma tion or single file, in steps: but. with them, the last plane is the lowest, the leader being the highest, This results in the following form of attack. The French leader announces that he Is about to attack, by balancing twice, and dives at the last German plane, which is the lowest. The other boches make a half-turn and fall upon him. The remaining Frenchmen then attack them, with all the trumps in their own hands, the one uppermost in the air having the initial advantage. Early Tomatoea la Owon. FOREST GROVE. Or.. July 23. (To the Editor.) In today's Oregonian Mrs. N. M. Ward (under date of July 17) says she has four ripe tomatoes, and wonders lf anyone can beat that.- For more than two weeks we have been using ripe tomatoes from our war gar den a garden made by a woman. MRS. E. l S. Mall for Sailors. BORING. Or.. July 24. (Special.) Does the Government ruling in regard to tho Bending of packages to soldiers In Europe apply also to boys In naval Eervlce in foreign waters? The boys have asked for magazines. A SUBSCRIBER. It does not, ROOSEVELT AS A WAR LEADER Ifet First for Preparedness, lVor Cos- latently Acalast Germany. SOUTH BEND. Wash.. July 23. (To the Editor.) Tour editorial con cerning Colonel Roosevelt in The Sun day Oregonian aeems to me so Incon sistent and so out. of tune with the facts that I cannot help calling your attention to some things which you ught to know are not true. For Instance, you say. speaking of the new Congress: They should Insist that the war be con tinued vigorously until Germany la over whelmingly beaten and Is forced to liberate every nation which the Kaiser has enslaved nd to make full reparation for every wrong ,e has done. They should stand firmly against an Inconclusive peace, which would but be a breathing spell before another war. Now, you did not get that from Colo nel Roosevelt, but- from President Wilson himself, whose "force to the ut termost Is far stronger than anything Roosevelt has said. Again your editorial says: We need also men who will make sure that never again shall this Nation be so utterly unprepared to defend Its liberty, and with that, the liberty of the world, aa was tne case in April. 1V17. When did Roosevelt begin talking preparedness? When did he first advo cate a big Army, or universal military training? Surely not until by doing so ne could criticise a Democratic! Ad ministration. Not so with Borah and Hiram Johnson and Gardner and others who were far-sighted enough to eee the danger we were in. Taffs Administra tion, by sending troops to the Mexican border, did more in the last few months of his term than Roosevelt ever thought or to convince the American people that we needed a bigger Army. Taft taught Wilson what to do and, although Wilson seemed alow to heed, he really did more to get ready than we are wont to give him credit for. But we owe much of it to Taft. and nothing at an to Roosevelt. In closing you eay: fjne of the greatest ef the manv mat services which Colonel Roosevelt has ren dered to his country la that he lia n--r rested from lifting up his voice In exhortation ana warning, isow, when all recognize the truth of what he has said during the last four years, the people again Incline to him ana neea nun. I wonder how much of that you and other level-headed Republicans really oeueve. ou cannot help remembering that Roosevelt did not say a word about exhorting and warning until after the Lusitanla was destroyed. It is clear that you really remember the facts when you limit his warnings to the last four years." Three and a half would cover It. Read what he said four years ago. The quotation referred to is con tained within the following quotation from Norman Hapgood in Colliers: When Belgium was Invaded our emphasis was on keeping reason alive, at least In one large country, and on steering an even course until tne causes and objects of the conflict were understood. As Colonel Roosevelt put It. after the aasault on Belgium: "It Is cer tainly eminently desirable that we ahould re main entirely neutral." When the most belligerent of Americans felt that way. It la easy to Imagine how the majority felt. We did not see Germany then as we see her now. In the same article Colonel Roosevelt said: 1 admire and respect the German neonle. I am proud of the German blood in my veins. vt nen a nation reels that the Issue of a con test In which, from whatever reason. It finds Itself engaged will be national life or death. It Is Inevitable that It should act so aa to save Itself from death and perpetuate its use. ... "(Ths Belgians) are suffering somewhat aa my own German ancestors suffered when Turenne ravaged Palatinate . . . the suf fering Is by no means as great. . . . "When Russia took part. It may well be argued that It wss Impossible for Germany not to come to the defense of Austria, and that dlsast.t would surely have attended her arms had she not followed the course she actually did follow as regard her oppo nents on the western frontier. As to her wonderful efficiency her equipment, the fore- signt ana decision of her general staff, her instaneous action, her tnrinmitahl persist ence there can be nothing but the praise and admiration due to a stern, virile and masterful people, a people entitled to heart respect for their patriotism and far-seeing self-devotion." I wonder also If the old tried and true Republicans now feel that we have no leader who could defeat President Wil son's hand-picked candidate, Mr. Me- Adoo, except the Colonel? So far as personally believe. It is my conviction that a good man like Pershing or Bliss or March may arise who will sweep the country and put tho party where it belongs and from which place It was ousted by the Inconstancy of the Colo nel himself. If Roosevelt Is allowed to have anything to do as a candidate. depend upon It he will wreck the party again. ins worn mis time kept a Republican administration from hand ling this war. and another blunder of like dimensions will forever ruin the party's prestige and give the Demo crats another long lease of power. Far better taka Borah, or ir you must have a Progressive, take Hiram Johnson. He at least has never betrayed a friend ana nis party, as Teddy did. Yours for Republican victorv, OLD-TIMER. SHOW GIVE.V FOR OREGON ROYS "Y" Secretaries Prom Their Home State Meet Kmergracy In Novel Way. FORT McARTHUR. San Tedro, Cal.. July 20. (To the Editor.) The Y. M C. A. secretary writing this letter is a Portland boy, and by the greatest of good luck I was able through tho or ganization I represent to welcome 800 Oregon boys who recently - nlved here from Fort McDowell. San Francisco. The other secretary working with the boys, Mr. Guthrie, Is also from Oregon, and still has his home in Ksta cad a. where he was a teacher. When the boys learned that we were from Oregon they nearly went wild. All wanted to talk at once, to tell where they came from and to extol the beau ties of the other particular town or village. The V. M. C. A had Just one hour's notice that the men from Oregon would arrive and the "Y" was faced with the problem of providing a lively enter tainment for S00 men at a moment's notice, which is part of the "Y'a" reg ular lob. As the men would be aua antlned for 21 day's, we knew that only outside entertainers could be used. It, therefore, was decided to tear down the entire movie outfit from the regular Y building and transport It to where they were stationed. An electric cable had to bo laid for nearly three-fourths of a mile and by tho time the men were ready for a good laugh everything was working like a million dollans. as one of the Oregon boys expressed it. No contract was ever let for tho auditorium we used that night, and never a word of complaint was regis tered about the ventillation cr the sys tern used for Illumination, for the movies were shown that night down under the stars by the cool Pacific Ocean the screen being not. more than 80 yards from the water's edge. The Chaplin comedy proved Just the thing for the boys who were very tired, and not a little homesick, but they laughed aa only boys can laugh. The men are thought a great deal of by the officers of the post, who say they have never seen new men respond to instructions so quickly and carry out the drills with such snap. I explained to one of the officers thti it's the snappy Oregon climate that helps pro duce that kind or men. lie baa prom ised to pay a visit to Oregon and in vestiKate. One request for the men I would ask. and that is that the thoughtful people when they are through with The Ore gonian and papers of other cities mall them to tho Y. M. C. A. at Fort Mc- Arthur, where they will bo as appre ciated as water on a desert The boys aro Just hungry for a paper from the home town. Perhaps some would be glad to subscribe and have the paper sent to the camp direct. T. B. BROWN. Business and Social Secretary, In Other Days. Tvrenty-flTS Years Ago. From The Oregonian July S3. 189S New Tork Guests of the Fifth Avenue hotel were kept In a state of alarm all night by the violent and dis graceful uproar of a group of silver agitators holding meetings there. Washington A reorganization of the treasury department under the new Democratic secretary began today. El Paso Swarms of Chinamen are being lmportedrto this country through Mexico, according to disclosures made today. London The financial propositions in the Irish Home-Rule bill are being debated today. Proprietors of the Peoples Theater were arrested for allowing a boxing contest In their place of entertainment. The grand Jury called the contest a prize fight. PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE NEEDED Captain Gray Points Ost Why Late L'pper-Rlver Service Failed. PASCO. July 23. (To the Oregonian I In the Sunday Oregonian. section 2, page 6, is an article stating that "the Dalles-Columbia interests, which re cently inaugurated a service between Portland and Arlington with the steam er Twin Cities, later adding the steamer J. ni. Teal, have eliminated Arlington and all of the upper River territory. proceeding only as far as Tho Dalles." xnis is another attempt at operating steamboats on the Upper Columbia that looks like a premeditated fiasco and Is in lino with other items of misman agement on the upper rivers during the last four or five years. This fiasco was arranged for by press notices that "through river services would be in augurated from Portland to Lewlston. July 1," a date at which all Interested know that Snake River is falling and nearing the dangerous boating stage of water. There Is no grain, wool, or fruit to be moved down or up. and dealers are stocked up with farm machinery. The route was then cut to the Portland-Arlington run and a bluff made with two boats, although the conditions for traffic were identical with those farther up river. No passenger traffic could be expected, as tho people were preparing for harvest, and no possi bility of success could be anticipated. ine people of Portland and the In land Empire are equally Interested In the establishment of practical steam boat service on the Columbia and Snake rivers by practical and compe tent steamboat traffic and operating men. You have such men in Portland now. They made a success on the Wil lamette when others failed and have steamboats properly constructed and equipped for navigating the Snake and Columbia the year around. I mean the Graham brothers, who were compelled to quit the Willamette because of Gov ernment regulations. If the Port of Portland wants and means business on the L'pper Colum- Ma and Snake Rivers I believe the Graham boys can givo it to them. They are strangers to me. hut I know of their work. W. P. GRAT. FAME AWAITS SOME PHY'SICIAN Dlaresrsged Goitre Sufferer Feels That Science Has Been Derelict. PORTLAND. July 25. To the Edi tor.) While the medical profession has diligently devoted Itself to the solving of many weighty problems, such aa the cause and cure of cancer, tubercu-- lojis. and any number of other dis eases, I often wonder why some of them cannot, or do not. seem to be able to find the riiht cure for goitre. While I do not doubt that many physi cians have been able to cure some cases of goitre yet I have failed to find one who could cure all cases. Although 1 have not by any means been treated by every physician or every method, I have tried at least six doctors and have given them a fair trial, too.) and have used any number of so-called cures, and I still have the goitre, whie-h Is growing, both out wardly and inwardly, causing mo quite hit of trouble. Goitre is so prevalent in Portland. especially among young girls and wom en, that If there is a physician who can really cure them I believe he would have all the practice he could take care of. Only yesterday I passea a young woman on the street with a babe In her arms, and she had a goitre that was so prominent It was nearly even with her chin. To me the sight of so many young girls and women with this disfiguring growth is pitiful. If some physician could prove his ability to cure this dreadful malady he will be a public benefactor. I do not want the knife used on my neck lf there is any other cure, and I dislike to think there is not, but -nay have to submit aa a last resort. u. i . LIVING SINS. To a densely crowded city wandered I. where life was gay. Where tho street scenes held no pity for the outcast or the stray; Where the gold in streams was flowing. While the spenders snucht in vain For tho wholesome satisfaction that no purchase price can gain. And into this crowd I sauntered, when a trumpet call loud pealed. Smote upon tho awestruck concourse and their very Hearts coiiscamui And lo! the sins of every man become as living things. A writhing, twisting mass with tongues that dealt out deadly stings; Queer, grisly monsters followed some who stood in places high. While scornful, haughty ladies, led some deadly reptiles byl Ahead of every other sin marched Gos sip, black and green. Attached to myriad female skirts, most heinous monster seen! And bringing up the vanguard in this -weird and fruesome crowd The Gossip Victim sadly came, in vari colored snroua; And those who saw with normal eyes tmhrlil a common sleht: The Victim's sin was merely gray, the Gossips black as nignt: And many a man who long had posed aa "real sport" 'mong his fellows Led but a weak and wobbly laonb with coat of Bickly yellowsl Not one in all that frenxied crowd could now disown his sin; None sought to boast, with spirit proud. of what he once'liad been. I watched this grotesque pageant and beheld the blanching face As each sin became a living thing and brought its own disgrace; I noted that no man was free nor much above his brother. And that the sins of women proved them strangely like each other! And "Oh," thought I. "could all but see this strange, uncanny sight. We'd dwell in closer fellowship and Judge each other right; And gossips' tongues would rest and rust and ruin cease to bring If every sin should but begin to be a living thing!" GRACE E. HALL. Rabbits Moke Way for Mes. Pathfinder. As a fair illustration of the rabbit pest in certain portions of New Zealand, and especially in the drier sections of the south Island. It is stated that on an estate lately taken over byj the New Zealand government, comprising 14.44 acres of freehold and a pastoral run ot 19,250 acres, there were killed or cap tured about 120.000 rabbits. This was in order to clear up tho property so as to make it suitable for the location oC returned soldiers. a-