Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, July 13, 1918, Image 10

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Morning Oregonian., July 13, 1918, Page 10, Image 10

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Newspaper Page TextTHE MORNING OREGONIAX. SATURDAY. JULY 13, 1918. PORTLAND. OR EG OX. tered at Portland Oregon Postofflce as second-class mail matter. Subscription rates Invariably in. advance: (By MalL Daily, Sunday included, one year ...... .5.00 Lailv, Eunday included, six months ..... laiiy, Sunday included, three montha ... Laily, Sunday included, one month ..... laiiy, without .Sunday, one year ........ 6-u l-Mily, without Sunday, six months ...... I'aiiy, witnout Sunday, one moni . . Weekly, one year unday, one year Sunday ai,d weekly By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday Included, one year .... Daily, Eunday included, one month . Iatly, Sunday included, three months Daily, without Sunday, one year . . . . . 6 . 1.00 . .50 . 3. SO .9.00 . ;.2i . 7.60 Daily, without Sunday, one month ...... .3 llo tm Remit -Send poatofrice money or der, express or personal check on your local bank, stamps, coin or currency are at own er's risk. Give postofrice address in. lull in cluding county and suite. Postage Kates 12 to 18 pages. 1 cent: IS to 'Al pages, -2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents: 60 to & pages, 4 cents; 62 to 70 paes, 5 cents; 7 to 62 pages, a cents, foreign post age, double rates. fcastern Business Office Verree Conk l!n. Brunswick building. New York; Verree Conklin, yteger building. Chicago; Verree Conalin. Free Press building. Detroit. Mich.; Kan Prancisco representative, K. J. Bidwoil 74 J Market street. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED TRESS. The Associated Press Is exclusively enti tled to the use lor republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to this paper, and also the local Hews published herein. Ail rights of republication of special dis patches herein are also reserved. PORTLAND, SATCRDAY, JULY IS, 1918. , CHARLES 31. SCHWAB. In the person of Charles II. Schwab Portland welcomes the general of that army of workers, with both hand and brain, which is building the bridge of ships for the American Army to cross the ocean to France. He is the fifth man within a year to be placed in command. His predecessors were able men in various ways. They pre pared a good programme of good ships, great shipyards and great en gine works, and they assembled a. mighty army of workmen to carry out their plans, but they lacked the ca-' pacity to get their army to work with a vim. Mr. Schwab brought to his un dertaking the most essential quali ties which they lacked leadership and knowledge of men and he com bined with them eminent business ability, knowledge of steel and that broad and long foresight which takes In every part of his task and provides for its execution. He is a human dynamo, filled with energy and com municating energy to all who work .with him. For Mr. Schwab gets men to work with, not for, him. He is a leader, not a boss. He instills in others the idea that he is a fellow-workman, who knows his job thoroughly and does it well, and he inspires them with emu lation toward himself and one another. It was by that means more than by the power of money or of managing ability that he built up the Bethlehem Steel Works from a bankrupt concern to the great industrial institution it is today, and that he added to it other industries until it has steel works, gun factories, shell factories and ship yards on both coasts and is now the greatest manufacturer of high-grade steel and the greatest builder of ships In America. The Bethlehem plants do not con sist merely of steel and Iron, brick and concrete and other material things; they consist mainly of the tens of thousands of men, into whom Mr. Schwab has infused his spirit and who transform mere matter into the things which are the living embodi ment of that spirit. At the outset Ue began to build up his human struc ture, without which those other struc tures could never have come Into be ing. He picked from among the work men in the mill fifteen young men and made them his partners in the management. He paid and still pays them only moderate salaries, but he fives them a substantial bonus in pro portion to what they achieve for the company. He applies the same rule all the way down the line from the president to the laborers. In an ar ticle in World's Work entitled "Schwab, Leader of Men," Frank Par ker Stockbridgo quotes Mr. Schwab as saying: The use of the bonus system has been the only successful way to secure individual co-operatioa to the extent we have found desirable. But money alone would not Inspire the enthusiasm which moves the men of Bethlehem; that is the product of something else which Mr. Stockbrldge calls the mere impact of his per sonality. Tiiey regard him as ' one of themselves," who knows what they are doing, what are its difficulties and who appreciates good work. He cul tivates this spirit with a slap on the back which is welcome from a fellow workman, but would be resented from a boss. The Shipping Board needed just the qualities which Mr. Schwab could supply in order to speed up shipbuild ing, and they are summed up in the one word leadership. He could be ,so ill spared by his own great enter l-rise that the pleas of Chairman Hur ley produced no effect, but a call to liis patriotism from President Wilson met witli ready response. His per sonal ability was, in effect, comman deered, as one part after another of the Bethlehem plants had been taken Into the Nation's service. He set to work to get each man to "put his soul In his work, saying, "That patriotism." He found the needed stimulus for all in patriotism, while with many he played also on the sport ing instinct of rivalry and desire to excel, with others on their hobbies. He knew that men responded to praise and appreciation of good work, and he gave it liberally but with dis crimination. When the Tuckahoe was built in twenty-seven days, he said to the workmen: Never did better men exist in any country of the world than exist here in the United States, and when aroused and when filled with enthusiasm nothing in the world can stand before as. Let us go tu It. boys. 1 am with you all. I shall be with you In spirit every day. and I shall never be happy until the sea Is filled with vessels. God please that you have your hearts as full of patriotism as mine and to hell with the Kaiser every time you drive a, rivet. He backed up his words by giving his gold watch to Thomas E. Mason, superintendent of hulls at the Camden yard, and the answer was: "I am troing to give them all that is In me, day and night." Mr. Schwab's heart is in the work of beating the Kaiser, for he has been with the allies from the beginning o the war. Deceived by his German name, the Germans tried to buy con trol of his company, but they failed and he has arranged matters so that they can never succeed, for he is 10 per cent American, and he has set out to prove how puny a thing is the goose-step efficiency of Germany when brought into conflict with the volun tary, teamwork patriotism of America fired by patriotic love of freedom He is a product of the American system of equal opportunity for al and is a living example of its superior lty. He began life as a laborer, and he lias climbed the ladder of success by his own efforts, -which forced rec ognition of his merits. His career Is proof that Napoleon's saying about every soldier having: a marshal's baton in his knapsack can truly be para phrased to apply to every private In the industrial army of America. This is the man whom Portland honors today. The enthusiasm with which he is fired will be matched by the enthusiasm with which Portland and all Oregon have responded to every call of the country and are turn ing out ships, lumber and every other material of war. The best reception which can be given is the music of ceaseless activity In shipyard, mill, logging camp, machine shop and every other industry. TELL TJL The Administration finds it neces sary to assure the newspapers of the country, through indirect channels, that no scheme of press censorship over news dispatches or wires is im plied, or intended, by the proposal for Government control of telegraph. It may be hoped that the President will take the Postmaster-General and the Attorney-General and others of his official family so far in his confidence that he will notify them that the ex traordinary Government powers as sumed by direct telegraph supervision are not to be used to harass or cir cumscribe a free press. A sheep was once invited by a friend to take a walk down a lovely promenade through a dense forest. The sheep declined. Asked why, he said he feared the lurking wolves. "Didn't you know," replied the friend, "that peace had been declared between the wolves and the sheep?" "Oh. yes, I know it, all right. But do the wolves know it?" The country knows, of course, that it is far, far from the President's present intention, under any circum stances, even of great provocation, to disturb the conduct of the National press; but do Gregory and Burleson know it? ON'E PER CENT CITIZENS. An indignant member of an exemp tion board, name not given, makes the surprising statement that "one group of aliens has caused us more trouble than all other nationalities put to gether." He had reference to certain foreign-bom citizens of a neutral country who had declared their in tention of becoming citizens of the United States, but had not taken out their final papers, and were resisting the selective draft. The exasperated official was not more specific as to the identity of the offending neutral outfit. We cannot be more definite, and we will not even venture to guess. Others may. But we have a notion all our own that the United States Government will not be content thus to release men of foreign nativity from an obligation fairly assumed and repudiated only when they found that they were not to be permitted to take everything and give nothing. Not long ago a citizen of Kansas, one Carl Ballweg, who had lived In America for thirty-five years, died, and there was a great public tribute to his worth as an American citizen. It was ' recalled by the Emporia Gazette that last Christmas Mr. Ball weg had sent out a Christmas card conveying this straight-out sentiment of sound Americanism: I speak from the viewpoint of the foreign- born. I, and millions of others like me. ame to this country alone, without friends. We sponged on all America had. her free lands, hur free schools, and, above all, her spirit of open-hearted comradshlp. Phe owed us nothing, but she cave all. We swore allegiance to her flag, her Constitu tion and her laws. We would be recreants, lngrates. perjurers and curs if. In the hour of her need, we counseled with her enemies and were disloyal to her cause. The Ballweg creed is commended to any and all who may think they have no duty to the land of their adoption, as it will be commended by the great throng of real American citizens who acknowledge and declare their duty, and are doing it. It is inconceivable that the Ameri can Government intends to do nothing with or about half-and-half citizens, coming from abroad, who will not raise a hand to protect a flag whose protection they claim and which pro tects them. CURE FOB INDCSTRIA- CONGESTION. One serious source of weakness in the industrial system of the country is the concentration of the great bulk of manufactures in a comparatively narrow strip of territory along the North Atlantic seaboard. It crowds the transportation of fuel and raw materials in a few railroad gateways and on the railroads of that strip, and the finished products destined for the West occupy the same railroads and must be squeezed through the same gateways. The War Industries Board has discovered that this congestion has the effect of limiting production at the time when war requires that it be increased to the utmost. The board has undertaken to prevent fur ther aggravation of the congestion by putting a practical veto on the estab lishment of new industries within the congested area. Industry must spread out. That is the order, and it can be obeyed so far as the middle states are concerned, all the way from the Great Lakes to Ala bama, for they have fuel, produce close at hand, to generate power, which is the first requisite of manu factures. But when we come west to the Rocky Mountain region the home production of coal is insufficient. chiefly because the coal fields are only slightly developed. West of the Rockies coal is produced only in spots and in inadequate quantity, though California oil goes far to make up for this deficiency. This condition is one of the chief causes of unequal dis tribution of population and industry. Another is the proximity of the At lantic Coast to the chief foreign mar kets, but steam power and the Panama Canal have brought the West much nearer. A third is the concentration of capital in the East, but distribu tion has become more general of lata years, and the Federal reserve system has done much to break the East's control over finance. The chief remaining cause of the concentration of manufactures in the extreme East is the possession of abundant supplies, close at hand, of fuel as the source of power. But Eastern industry has outgrown Its fuel supply and its transportation sys tem. It actually needs relief from the monopoly which It has itself cre ated. The Far West can give that re lief, for while deficient in fuel, it has abundant power. When Congress lltw the embargo on development of water power, the great belt of territory be tween the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coast can relieve the East by manufacturing its own raw materials with lt9 own power without taking away a ton of the coal now used in the East. Most of the minerals, other than coal and Iron, are produced In that belt aad with water power can as well be manufactured into finished shape near the point of origin as in the East. That is true also of the wool, meat, grain and fruit grown in the West. They could as well be prepared for consumption in the West as in the East. The coal which the East now uses in their manufacture would then be released to relieve the fuel famine, which again threatens. The coal, cars and locomotives used in transporting raw material eastward and finished products westward would then be much less. Steel can as well be made on the Pacific as the Atlantic Coast, for iron ore is now imported from Chile to Pennsylvania, and the dis tance to Oregon is no greater. West ern railroads could be operated by hydro-electric power, releasing stiU more coal for the East. The chief obstacle to exertion of our full economic power in the war is unequal distribution of industry through our area, of traffic among our railroads and of commerce among our ports, and this obstacle can be re moved by fully developing all our sources of power, of which the great est in the West is water. Industry needs to spread out in order that it may have room to grow and may not overburden our transportation. Then we shall have symmetrical develop ment of the Nation's industrial body, and it will develop more rapidly. HAIR AND SHOES. A patriotic contemporary, the Even ing Telegram, is advertising for sale the severed tresses of a zealous girl, who was moved by the spirit of sac rifice to give up something for her country. The hair is for sale, for War Savings, but the bidding is a trifle slow, and we have a great desire to help along the cause, and the benefits of a more extensive advertising of a touching Incident are thus given by us. A trusted and competent expert of The Oregonian's how-to-be-beautiful staff has seen the hair, and pro nounces it all right. It ought to bring more than $30, which is the latest announced offer. An envious critic in an equally envious conteir porarv sneeringly says that a rat or braid from the head of Theda Bara or Mary Pickford would bring ten times thirty dollars, on the theory that a fool is born every minute. No doubt, no doubt. Yet It may be justly observed that these two eminent luminaries of Cinema have continuing and impera tive use for their hair, and the hy pothesis is not capable of demonstra tion. While the spirit of personal sacrifice is strong, we may expect some lead ing citizen to give up his shoes, and go around barefoot, Let us not be flippant ab,out it, for It is not the in tention; but now would seem to be a good time for the barefoot cult. Shoes are mounting higher in price every day, and the Government is going to impose a sumptuary tax on all pairs over $5, and it Is the good old Summer time. Some years ago It was the fad among fashionable folk with nothing much to do, and nothing to think about or with, to arise early in the morning and wade around through the lush grass in the public parks and in vacant lots, all for health's sake, or art's sake, we forget which. Of perhaps it was for the sake of cleanli ness. It was a fine idea, anyhow, for people saw the sun rise who had never before concerned themselves about what became of the orb of day after the setting thereof; and the con tribution to general astronomical knowledge was considerable. Lately the magazines and the Sun day supplements have been full of pictures of young girls, and others not altogether young, dancing around on wet lawns in the moonlight in the ecstatic fancy that they are nymphs or dryads. They, too, have proved that shoes are unnecessary, if you can only make up your mind that they are; and stockings, too, are super fluous; and, pretty much everything else except atmosphere in the way of outerwear. However, we were merely discussing shoes and their needless ness. Now there is an added argument for bare feet in daytime occupations. The price of shines has been raised to 15 cents. If you have to polish another's pedal coverings, 15 cents may seem little enough; but when you have to pay it out every day or two, you come to feel, after all, that it is not the original price, but the upkeep, that worries. The suggestion is com monly made that one should shine his own shoes, as our fathers did. They either did, of course, or they didn't and they went shineless. Let us not discourage a resolution so commend able, and so little likely to be popu lar; nevertheless, let us adhere to our call for the shoeless era. It is a far cry from hair to shoe! from one extreme to the other but these are war times, and no one knows what is coming next, and shoes are just as pertinent as hair, and cost a lot more. NEW PRINCIPLES IN RATE-MAKING. Public attention has been so cen tered on the purpose of Federal rail road operation to expedite war traffic that the people may not fully realize Its profound influence on both the cost and the movement of all traffic. Expedition of war traffic has naturally enforced economy in movement of all traffic, private as well as Govern mental, since waste of railroad ca pacity in moving general traffic takes away from that which is available for war traffic. At the outset Director General McAdoo realized that this economy required that each railroad should no longer be treated as a sepa. rate system, but that all railroads should be treated as parts of a single system. It also required that traffic should move over the shortest lines. on which the fewest natural obstacles would be encountered, for by that means the Government would effect the greatest economy of cars, locomo fives, fuel and labor, and thus would move traffic at the lowest cost. That these are the purposes of Mr. McAdoo is apparent from the following in structions to the three regional direc tors, issued on February 4: Broadly speaking. I wish to give you power to direct railroad operations In your territory so as to handle traffic with th least congestion, the highest efficiency and the greatest expedition. . . I have put upon you responsibility for the entire oper attna situation. In dealing wlh this whole subject It Is. of course. Important for you to view th matter and to get the various executives of railroads m your Jurisdiction to view th matter from the entirely new standpoint thai all the railroads now constitute a singl system, to be operated so as to secure th maximum of transportation with the rain mum of waste; and that the fact that a re adjustment will mean that m particular rail road will lose certain sorts of traffic must be disregarded, as It is not a sufficient rea son why the readjustment should not be made if la other respects it Is in the public interei. If unflinchingly followed; that pol icy would at one sweep do away with all customs and practices which havi been dictated by competition between railroads and cities. One of the ef fects of this competition has been to establish equal rates between the In termouotaia country and the several ports of the Pacific Northwest Port land, Astoria, Seattle and Tacoma though there is great difference in economy of facilities, cost of opera tion and distance. Freight is hauled to the Puget Sound ports over moun tains, which limit the length of trains and increase the consumption of fuel and labor. Much longer trains can be hauled with less engine power, less fuel and less labor down the Columbia River roads to Portland and Astoria. The distance to Portland is less than that to either Puget Sound or Astoria, hence the consumption of facilities, fuel and labor in traffic to this port is further reduced as compared with Puget Sound,' and is less as compared with Astoria. The purpose of ignor- ng these differences was to establish equality between competing railroads and ports, which nature had made unequal. Publicly regulated rates from inter- mountain points were first made to Puget Sound, and were made sufficient to pay a reasonable percentage over cost of moving traffic. The same rates having been made to Portland and Astoria, it follows that they yield much more than a reasonable profit. Shippers In the lntermountain coun try are entitled to have their products moved to market at the lowest cost with a fair profit to the carrier. Hence they can equitably claim that the Co lumbia route shall be used, and that rates on tnat route be reduced to a basis which will yield no higher per centage of profit than its earned by the mountain roads on present rates. Mr. McAdoo's policy dictates that this route be used, regardless of the effect on other roads, and equity dictates that he charge no more than a reason able rate, which is cost of service plus a fair profit. But in adjusting these rates the Interstate Commerce Commission and the state commissions have not acted as judges to secure fair rates for producer and consumer: they have acted as umpires between rival rail roads and markets. The railroads did not care how much the wheatgrower's profits were reduced or how much the consumer's price was raised, so long as their profits were not reduced and peace was kept among rival cities. Those cities did not care, either, for those on the coast were interested only in extending their trade territory as far east as possible and In seeing that no one of them got an advantage over the others, while the interior cities were interested only in extend ing their trade territory as far west as possible and in being placed on an equality with each other. They were concerned with the relation of rates to each other, not with the relation of rates to the value of railroad service. The Interstate Commission has been concerned chiefly with reconciling the conflicting claims of railroads and cities, and, when one or more must unavoidably be displeased in so doing. it has usually decided against the smallest, the least influential or the least clamorous. The wheatgrower of the Interior may now come forward and maintain that his grain shall be hauled to tide water over the cheapest route and that the rate be reduced accordingly, without regard to the rivalries of roads and cities. He may say that, as he has no voice in making his price, his profit is reduced by the excessive rate now in vogue on these routes. His demand for use of those routes being in accord with Government policy, it cannot be deaf to his plea. Consumers at all points may make the same claim, in order that cost of living may be lowered. But the old influences of city rivalry would again come into play,- supported by the com petitive habit of railroad men, to pre vent such action. Protests would come from lntermountain and coast cities right down to the Mexican border, whose trade relations would be dis turbed by such a readjustment in the Pacific Northwest. In order to still the clamor, the railroad officials might decide that differences in cost of oper ation over various routes should be ignored and that all rates should be fixed on a mileage basis. That would still favor the Columbia River routes. for the distance from competitive in termountaln points is in almost all cases less than by the mountain roads, and it would favor Portland as against Astoria. More protests would then arise. All of these considerations show that strict application of the rules laid down by Mr. McAdoo would operate in favor of Portland and of the interior pro ducer and of the consumer on all hands, but that a fight will be neces sary to secure strict application, for powerful Influences will oppose it. But decision will be quicker, for appeal will lio from the district officials to the regional director, and from him to the director general. If he should refer to the Interstate Commerce Com mission for hearing and decision, ac tion would be more prompt than for merlv, and that body would be re quired to cast aside all the adverse precedents It has established. Circum stances favor the claims of Portland, but the city must fight to establish them. Why do people throng the streets of Portland of a Saturday night? Few are buyers, for most of the stores close early. It must be due to evolution of the gregarious Instinct. Somebody has discovered that great men are easiest to interview, and by the contrary rule it must be so. Tho near great, swelled with conceit, are hardest. Perhaps General Foch Is going through the preliminaries of a third battle of the Mrfrne. in which the Yankees will take a hand. There is something mora than diabolical in the fact that caches of liquor Invariably are found by officers who do not drink. The Senate has sidetracked the pro hibition agony for a month, but the result will be as expected. Big German naval victory the sink ing of an American launch towing a disabled plane: The city man is adept at home, but on the farm on vacation he will not know one fork from the other. Every platform man can explain the Innate meanness that makes a car leave the track. In the matter of one delivery a day, beginning Monday, there are no strings on the stork. "Uncle Joe" Cannon was something of a bull elk in that parade at Atlantic City. It will In reality be "Poor Holland!" when Germany is done with her. Everybody put on the "Marseillaise" record at least once tomorrow, PROHIBITIONIST ENTERS PROTESTS Antl-Tobaece Resolution Not Indorsed by Abstainer suad Civil War Vetera. NEWPORT. Or.. July 11. (To the Editor.) With a good deal of interest I have read your editorial, "The Med dling Habit." While I cannot agree with you in full, I am In full accord with the major part of it. When we get down to the real, liv ing Issues of the day and the moral welfare of our people as a whole, I do not believe the National Prohibition party is narrow minded. Had it nt been for the real, honest as!'- t:on and education of the Prohibition party sen timent a "dry" Nation would not be on its way today. Aa you truly say, "prohibition sentiment is growing." I would not for a moment argue that the present Prohibition party, In dependent of all others, will give us National law, but after we get the law, some party will, yea. must, get behind that law and administer the Government from the standpoint that the law is right and that the traffic Is an outlawed criminal. I deny that the National prohibition party is exemplified, or ever has been, by such resolutions as put forth by the lata convention of the Multnomah County party. If the party ever ad vocated any such resolutions in any part of the United States I never heard of It. As you say, the use of tobacco is a useless habit in the main. It is wonee. It is nasty and filthy In the extreme, but it does not send untold thousands reeling Into drunkards' graves. If the good wife can stand the stench it doesn't ruin the home. The tobacco store Is not a rendezvous for bums and criminals, nor a breeder of every .form of vice as the saloon Is. Coffee, and tea-drinking, candy- eating and gum-chewing are all use less habits, but they don't wreck the home or undermine the very founda tion of the Government. No doubt it is a great solace to the habitual user of tobacco, and to de prive the soldier of it under the cir cumstances In which he is placed would work Irredeemable hardship. His nerve-racking hardships are all too numerous at best. Having given a good leg and four years' service to Uncle Same during the Civil War, I have first-hand information aa to what they are. I have no use for tobacco In any form, nor for tea, coffee or gum. I am past 80 yeans old and I know from personal experience that any of these articles are entirely useless beyond the necessity acquired by habit, and so I say, under the trying cir cumstances of the soldier, don't de prive lm of his tobacco. E. W. DURKEE. PERSONAL MISSIVE COUNTS BIG Letter From Soldiers Pat Pep late the Folks at Home. PORTLAND, July 12. (To the Ed itor.) In the letter In The Oregonlan written by George W. Stitt, dated July 11, I find a mighty good idea. It is that everyone urge the boys over there to write to people they know, as it will put "pep" in those who lack it at the present time, or. In other words, "need stirring up." A few days ago we had a letter from our brother in the naval service, sta tioned somewhere in France, this being the first letter received since he went over. He told about the trip, saying they came in contact with submarines and that there were three in sight at one time. "We got two." I will give his letter in part: "Shooting at subs Is more exciting than any football or baseball game you were ever to. How every man stood up there and cheered those gunners! And they sure did do pretty work, aa we could see where the shells were strik ing in the water, and they were mighty close, too." Now what we need is to stand be hind our "gunnners" more closely and give them the support of every man and dollar. I don t think there is a bet ter way for It to be Impressed on the average person's mind than to have a letter of experience from someone over there. H. S. JONES. Liability of Class 2 Men. POCATELLO. Idaho, July 10. (To the Editor.) (1) Are men in Class 2 liable to be called soon? (2) Has the quota of the state been placed on the number of men in class 1 instead of number of registrants in state? (J) Under this new classification will a registrant be placed in class 1 If he la now in class 3, Is supporting his parents, who are In firm and has been their support for three years? (4) Are all registrants to be reclassified? J. C. SMITH. (1) It la considered probable that men of class 2 will be called before the close of the year. (2) State quotas are based on the number of class 1 men. They were for merly based on population. (S) His status In the draft la un changed. The exemption boards have merely been instructed to scrutinize the dependency claim more carefully. (4) No. BAUBLES. There Is many a pretty bauble cast up by the waves of time. On the shore of the mighty ocean that moans with ceaseless rhyme; And we gather, each to our fancy, the toy that may please our eye. As we stroll the beach where the break- era reach far out towards the purpling sky. There is many a gem of marvelous worth cast up by life's heaving sea. That la passed on the shore where the time-waves roar, and lorgotten eternally; And many a man. o'erlooklng the gem. takes the baubles that glitter so, And finds that his store is worth no more than the vanishing sunset (low. GRACE E. HALL. Farmers la Draft WALLA WALLA. Wash., July 11. (To the Editor.) If a man of draft age married In September. 1816. with no children, having been a farmer all his life and la now raising wheat on 480 acres, and there ia no one to take his place, will he be essential aa a pro ducer? Will he be exempt from mill tary service? ONE OF YOUR READERS. If the farm is a well conducted, going enterprise, contributing an appreciable quantity of wheat to the public sup ply, the necessary manager thereof will probably be put In a deferred class, but this is only an opinion. The district board decides, and it ia given consid erable discretion. Application as Yeoman. DALLAS. Or.. July 11. (To the Ed itor.) Kindly tell me the requisites for becoming a yeoman In the Navy, edu cation, age, weight, etc And to whom would I apply? G. R. Communicate with TJ. S. Navy recruit ing station. Dekura building. Portland, or with commandant Thirteenth Naval District. Puget Sound Navy-yard, Wash. Allen Enemy Not Rearlstered. PORTLAND, July 1. (To the Ed itor.) I have been informed that an acquaintance of mine, who ia an alien enemy, did not register as required by law a few week ago. Is it my duty to Inform the proper authorities of this matter, and, if so, whom shall I notify and how shall I go about it? P. B. It Is your duty to notify police head WHY PORTLAND HAS MOSquITOS They Breed la Columbia Slouch aad Are Aaother Heasoa tor Dredalnz It. PORTLAND. July 1Z. (To the Edi tor.) In an editorial. July 10. The Ore gor.ian asks, "Why Is the Mosquito?" While I cannot answer "Why Is the Mosquito," I can tell The Oregonian's readers one of the causes for his ex istence in large numbers all along the Peninsula district and over a greater portion of Portland, and also how to rid this city, to a great extent, of this pest. On the East Side there is a natural waterway called the Columbia Slough. It passes all along the east and north side of the city. It ia the natural drain age course for all of Portland that slopes toward the Columbia River, and dredged to a width of 200 feet and to a depth of 14 feet would constitute an Improvement of greater commercial and domestic value than any other im provement now contemplated, and at the same time would drain the lakes and shallow places now the breeding grounds for this pest. Its improve ment would aid in the reclamation of several thousand acres of fertile land that could then be used for agricultural or industrial purposes. As it is. the mosquito now breeds In these waters along the north and east side of the city. The north winds sweep them across the peninsula and as they pasa along they take a bite at every one, to the great annoyance of all in Portland. Civic pride and Industrial needs ought to demand that the Columbia Slough be dredged, and so dredged as to constitute a ship channel for com mercial purposes, and a drainage wav for all of the East Side that slopes toward the Columbia. Portland needs more and cheaper industrial sites. They can be made and had by uredglng of tne LoiumDia Plough. Portland should have fewer mos qultos. This can be brought about by creating a ship channel out of the Columbia Slough. Portland would be aided by more fertile acres of car. TH.ns. The garden lands are along the oiumoia aiousn "Dredge the Colum bia Mouah should bo the cry of all who dislike mosqultos. and of all who re interested In a great industrial de veiopment. With Columbia Slous.h dredsred Into a ship and drainage chiin- aiio uregnnian i readers would not dc canea on to ask "Why Is the Mos quito?" r. c. LEWIS. GERMAN Kl'LTl'R. I wish that 1 did have the power to quell The hand that opened wide the gates oi neii And sent the demons forth with lust to Kill. With hearts Inflamed and eager their uiooa to spin. Believing the state Is might And might makes right. Could I but have stayed the hand that years ago Prussianized the Germany we used to Know. Instilled the Ideals of militaristic power. starting an all-consuming egotism at that hour. When might put blight On humanity's right. If Belgium cities could but rise strain If cathedrals, art galleries and fields of flowing grain Could be today just as they were be fore. A treaty had become a scrap of paper ana notning more. And neutrality a word Not even heard. If all the treachery, deceit and devas tation of German kultur for world domination Could have been foreseen a few years. at least. Perhaps we could have partly downed tne Dcast In his lair Over there. Material possessions, they vanished in the night; Belgium's loyal sona, how bravely did they Hunt: They lost their lives, but the spirit never quailed. And In the annals of the ages they have not failed. For they yielded not To the Invader's plot. Centuries may pass, but time cannot efface The Huns' hellish work everywhere a trace Victory must be won by the allied na tions; Victory o'er the Hun, lest future gen erations Writhe and reel Under the iron heel. ANNA JOHNSON. Enlistment In Navy. PORTLAND, July 12. (To the Ed itor.) Kindly tell me where I can ob tain Information regarding the "yeo manette" service of the United States Navy. B. G. C. At 17. S. Navy recruiting office. De kum building, Portland, or by writing to commandant Thirteenth Naval Dis trict. Pujret Sound Navy-yard. Wash. ENSLAVEMENT OF WOMEN BY GERMAN INVADERS TOLD IN The SUNDA Y OREGONIAN Cruel oppressors overwhelm the women of Belgium and the invaded section of France with hard labor of every kind, then as a final refine ment of moral torture, force them to salute and smile! The humili ation, the spiritual martrydom, the long: slavery inflicted by the Ger mans, those conditions which exist today in the lands which have been overrun by the Hun hordes, are related tomorrow in a special article by Cleve Marshall, writer for The Sunday Oregonian, who has had opportunity to secure first-hand information regarding: German atrocities. BERNHARDT TRYING TO BEQUEATH HER GENIUS For years the most wonderful actress the woi-ld has ever known has made a constant confidante and pupil of her beautiful granddaughter, Lysiane, who accompanied her on her recent visit to Portland and who at 20 gives great promise of a brilliant career as the result of heredity and training. The world of art and science is beginning to watch with intense interest the outcome of this remarkable experiment which the great actress is so intensely conducting. It involves the century old riddle of vhether genius can be inherited or transmitted. Barbara Craydon, noted dramatic critic, tells the story tomorrow. HE BUYS TON OF STEEL EVERY SECOND Starting out in life as a five-dollar-a-week office boy, J. Leonard Replogle climbs to world leadership before he is 40 years old. A quiet, unassuming man, but a trade giant, Replogle today occupies one of the most important positions in all America. The story of his remarkable career as told in The Oregonian tomorrow may lead you. to an awakening of the genius which may lie within you. Read it. MILE OF CLOTHES A MINUTE Frank G. Carpenter traces soldiers' shirt from cottoa belt d trenches. Can you imagine a factory so big and so efficient that it takes the raw cotton in at one end and runs it out in cloth at the: other at the rate of 60 miles an hour and keeps up that-speed all the year through? There is one and it is run by Uncle Sam for his soldiers. WITH THE HOME GUARD W. E. Hill, known as "The artist who senses the spirit of the day," cleverly portrays with his nimble fingers true-to-life scenes which will make anyone with the blues rejoice that he is living. There are ten pictures and each one is highly competent as a mirth-provoker. ITS ALL THERE Somewhere in the Sunday Issue, well written and authoritative, youH find the special department which fits one of your hobbies, whether it is fiction or non-fiction, war, science or music. And always, as rapidly as cable and wire can deliver, the pages keep pace with the news of the world, both at home and abroad. A Nickel and a Nod Buy THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN In Other Days. Half a Ce-ntmry A-e. Prom The Oreconian. July 13. 1S6S. The survey of Yaquina Bay has coim- ' nienced. Corvallis people are much re joiced thereat. "le roadsja, at the Morrison-street wTa; broke down Saturday, under the weight of sand plied upon it. A German enthusiast has questioned the claim of Englana tc the genius of Shakespeare. A German spoke in Lon don, explaining that when Slsakea- peare's genius was sent from heaven It was meant for Germany, but. the m-ind blowing weatwardly. it rested in Eng land. The largest casting ever made in the state, a flywheel for machinery in Carter. Haydcn & Ca's new mill, was cast by the Oregon Iron "Works. It weighed S200 pounds. Vi'ashinsrton A bill passed In Con gress yesterday relieved about 12no citizens, mostly of North Carolina, from political and political disabilities in consequence of their connection with the rebellion. Governor Brown. General Longstreet and other prominent rebels were included. Twenty-Five Years Age. From The Oregonlan. July 13. ISM. New York. Purchases on the Stock; Exchange indicate an easier monetary condition In certain sections of the country. The general situation Im proves, notwithstanding a flurry In the market today. Rev. H. W. Peck, of Honolulu, strong ly advises the U. S. to annex Hawaii. If the United States will not. we will appeal to England, says Mr. Peck. Haw-ail is the key to the Pacific and if this country doesn't want it. other na tions will profit by the grand oppor tunity. The famous "Spider" Kelly will fight in Tacoma against Ed Morrlssey for a tiOO purse. New Tork Octavla Allen, famous actress, died at Fort Lee last night. She had been leading woman for Booth, Barrett and Keene. The -United Presbyterian Church has le a contract for Its new building ou Grand avenue and Wasco streets. PRESS STHOXC AID IN WAR WORK Liberty Loan Manager Insists on Css. pllmentlng The Oregenlssu PORTLAND. July 12. (To the Edi tor.) In a recent interview with a representative of Tho Oregonlan I stated that great credit was due you and other Oregon papers for the un qualified and unrelenting support given to war activities. I remarked that one of the problems of libenty loan campaigns In other states was the se curing of sufficient space In the col umns of the papers and proper edi torial support, but that problem did not exist in Oregon. I particularly mentions' the pa triotic manner In which The Ore gonlan had brushed aside party lines and backed up the Administration, as well as generously supporting each and every war drive and activity. I said that because of the peoullar position which The Oregonlan occu pies in Oregon I believed its constant and untiring allegiance to war work had much to do with Oregon's won derful war record. Apparently yout modesty prevented you from repeating my remarks In your article, and 1 therefore desire to reiterate them' In the form of a com munication and express the hope that you will ace fit to devote the neces sary space for their publication. ROBERT E. SMITH. Liberty Loan Manager for Oregon. Benenclary Gets Insurance. TROUTDALE. Or., July 11. (To the Editor.) (1) Is it true that a mother will not receive her son's war Insurance unless she is a widow? (2) If a widowed mother has a smalt Income of her own, will that hinder her from receiving her son's war insur ance? (S) If the money brought to this country by all foreign people were di vided, how much would it amount to per capita? Of the German people alone how much would that amount to? A READER. (1) It Is not true. (2) No. (3) Nobody knows. No Volunteers In Draft Army. PORTLAND, July 12. (To the Edi tor.) Kindly Inform me of the meth od of enlisting in the National Army at Camp Lewis. Do I have to enlist any particular place? 1 am beyond draft age. A. C. WOOD. Volunteers over draft age are not accepted by the National Army. Non registrants desiring service must apply to a recruiting office for the regular establishment.