s
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, . TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1918.
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FORTLAND, TCESDAT, JULY t, 1018.
THE ARCTIC GATEWAY CLOSED.
The urgency of allied intervention
In Kussia is increased by the revela
tions in regard to the relations of
Germany to Finland and of the latter
country to Russia. Commissioner
Tchitcherin, of the Bolshevik govern
ment, has sent a note to Count Mir
bach. the German Ambassador, agree
ing that "It should accept as a basis
for the rejrularization of relations with
the present Finnish government the
proposal of the German government,
which provides, among other things,
for "the ceding by the Russian re
public to Finland of the western part
of Murman with the outlet to the sea."
That cession of this territory to
Finland means actually cession to
Germany Is plain from the statement
of the Stockholm Politiken, a Socialist
paper which has sources of informa
tion among the independent Socialists
of Germany. In part this statement
reads:
A secret convention exists between Ger
many and Finland, which has been kept
secret even from the Finnish Diet, by which
the Finnish government engages to carry
through the Diet the establishment of a
monarchy under the German dynasty, and to
place the Finnish military forces under
Cerman leadership; to allow Germany tha
line of the outlet Finland may obtain in
the Arctic as a commercial and shipping
liarbor. Until an these conditions axe
carried out, Germany will have the right
to maintain a military fores, In Finland.
The harbor referred to is Alexan
drovsk, which Is the terminus of the
Murman railroad from Petrograd, and
is on the western part of the Murman
coast. It is the only ice-free port of
Russia on the Arctic, and is the only
port of Russia on the open ocean in
Europe. All Russian ports on the
Baltic and Black seas are either in
the possession of Germany or are
dominated by the German fleet or are
shut off from the ocean by straits in
neutral or enemy hands. The Murman
railroad runs close to the western
shore of the White Sea, a great arm
of the Arctic, and not far from the
eastern boundary of Finland.
Alexandrovsk is the most favorable
point for the landing of an allied ex
pedition In Russia, and would be the
best base for allied military operations
in that country. If the allies should
take possession of it. Intervention
could be carried out near the scene
ot German penetration by American,
British and French forces, and all the
objections to Japanese intervention by
way of Vladivostok would ds obviatea.
American transports could sail thither
far to the north of the Shetland Isles
on a vovaeo of about 6000 miles.
These secret arrangements prove
that the present governments of Rus
sia and Finland are mere creatures of
Cermanv and are delivering their
countries into the hands of the Kaiser.
To hesitate longer about intervention
is to Play into the hands of Germany
for the sake of a mere fiction. As tools
of Germany they are enemies of the
United States and of the allies, and we
have the best reason for believing that,
if an allied army appeared in Russia,
the people of both that country and
Finland would rise against their gov
ernments and overturn them.
CITIZENSHIP OF SOLDIERS.
One effect of tho mingling of na
tions produced by the war has been
that the citizenship of many persons
has been badly mixed. Citizens of one
nation have entered the military serv.
ice of another, and in some cases have
taken an oath of allegiance which
changes their citizenship and impairs
1heir civil rights in their own coun
try. This matter concerns the United
States especially, for before we entered
the war more Americans were fighting
in the armies of other countries than
incn of any other nationality. Many
of these Americans are foreign born,
and their native countries had not
relinquished claim on their allegiance;
in fact, would gladly hold them.
This subject has been taken up by
Representative Meeker, of Missouri,
who has devoted a year to Investiga.
tion. Ho learned that the 40,000 to
SO, 000 Americans who had joined the
1-iritish and Canadian armies had
taken an oath of allegiance to the
British crown which made them no
longer American citizens, and he pro
cured legislation which repatriated
them. This led him to inquire into
the subject as regards other coun
tries, and he found that not 50 per
cent of the foreign representatives in
Washington knew anything about the
laws bearing on it. Tet important
questions are ralse.d, such as the effect
of an oath of enlistment on a man'
citizenship, his right of franchise, in
lieritance, marriage and divorce and
pension. No two nations have the
same system of taking men into serv
ice or of providing for them afte
service. Thus a nation tor which an
American had volunteered to fight in
the cause in which his own has since
enlisted might 6uffer an absolute pen
alty for his devotion.
Speaking in the House, Mr. Meeke
Fa id it might become necessary to hold
a council of nations to adjust this
matter fairly to soldiers who fight In
armies other than those of their own
country. It is a matter which will
not suffer delay until after the war,
for the rights of the families ot those
soldiers of civilization who die on the
battlefield are affected, as well as th
l ights of those soldiers who will out
live the war. Obviously, the govern
ment of Italy, for example, should be
content with the oath of an American
volunteer to fight faithfully for it so
long as the war shall last, and should
not require that he renounce his
rights as an American and become a
subject of King Victor Emmanuel for
the rest of his life.
This, will be a eood opportunity for
the United States to establish once for
all the right of a man to change his
allegiance and to end all claim of his
native country upon him. After grain
ing this concession from our allies.
the Government might obtain their aid
in exacting it from our enemies when
we shall have beaten them.
TILLMAN.
The expected death of Benjamin R.
Tillman may turn out to be a public
misfortune; for his candidacy for re
election, despite his enfeebled physical
condition, appeared to be the only real
guaranty against the possible success
of the infamous Cole Blease. There
are, indeed, a half dozen candidates
for Senator in South Carolina, but
Tillman thrived always on opposition.
He has been repeatedly elected to pub
lic office, practically every time
against what appeared to be great
odds; but he has never been beaten.
Tillman was a rebel at heart, and
in fact, when he entered the Senate;
not a rebel against the Union, per
haps; but a rebel against convention,
privilege, majority, party, govern
ment. He was fiery, virulent, un
tamed; he remained to see and to
acknowledge that he had been wrong
in many things and that the advocates
of causes which he hated might have
been Inspired by worthy motives. An
address in the Senate, at the begin
ning of the present war, wherein
Tillman publicly abandoned the Lost
Cause of the Confederacy, and de
clared that he was now sure that the
Civil "War had been righteously lost
by the seceding states, was indicative
of the change that had come over
the spirit and thought of "Pitchfork"
Ben Tillman.
It is curious to recall that Tillman's
rise in South Carolina came about
through his interest in the solution of
agricultural problems: later he took
up prohibition, political and race
questions. He was not a politician,
but a farmer, and became Governor
as a farmers candidate. He did not
forget them, when he advocated new
causes; but it was to Tillman more
than to any other that the establish
ment of a State Agricultural College
and also of a Normal and Industrial
College In his state for women was
due. He was a leading supporter of
the plan by which the state took over
the sale of liquors, though as a solu
tion to the liquor problem it was never
a success.
Whatever Tillman was, he was not
at any time a demagogue. Now he la
an American patriot.
WHAT SliOCI.l) HE DO?
The Rev. John Roach Straton. not
unknown in Portland as an authority
on cities and their greatness, jour
neyed from his home in Baltimore the
other Sunday, and preached a sermon
n a Baptist church at New York, and
warned the city of the fate of Babylon,
Nineveh, Rome, Sodom, Gomorrah,
Memphis, Palmyra and San Francisco.
The latter-day prophet was shocked
at the spectacle presented by the
National metropolis in pursuit of
wicked ways In war time. Indulgence
in luxury, cabarets, base amusements
and non-attendance at church. It had
ignored other obvious warnings such
as the Titanic disaster, and its fate
was certain.
No one knows, of course, what may
happen to New York, and there are
those who don't care much, so long
as they are at a safe distance when
t occurs; but it is a surprise to find
Dr. Straton asserting that the great
earthquake and fire of 1906 at San
Francisco had any other than certain
troublesome geologic causes. But he
says that two days before the disaster
a newspaper there published an article
pointing out the greatness of the city
and its promise for the future, clos
ing with the boast that nothing could
now hold the city back from an im
mediate and matchless success. The
world knows about the destruction
that followed, but no other than Dr.
Straton, so far as we have noted, has
sought thus to trace out the cause.
Some years ago, during what we
might with due regard to local sensi
bilities call the good old days of the
real estate boon, when everybody was
rich or thought he was, which is
much the same, so long as the delu
sion lasts the Commercial Club of
Portland offered a prize of $1000 for
the best essay on Portland. A visitor
was Dr. John Roach Straton, and he
entered the competition, and won
Perhaps we are mistaken, but we seem
to remember that the author had
much to say, in a highly hectic vein
of the glories of the present for the
city and the wonders of the future.
This was a decade or more ago. Dis
creetly knocking on wood, we declare
firmly that "brimstone and fire" hath
not "rained from heaven" as It did on
Sodom and Gomorrah.
If Brother Straton has repented of
the glowing things he said for Port
land and its brilliant prospects. It Is
to be supposed that in due time he
will send back that $1000; or, better
yet, give it to the Red Cross.
GOATS' MILK.
The economic importance of that
anciently established institution, the
milk goat, looms anew in the light
of a threatened shortage of all food
supplies, and particularly of the in
creasing shortage of milk. From
statements made at the "goat dinner"
in Portland a few days ago, and from
the experience of those who used to
live in communities where the goat
was esteemed for its many good quali
ties, it is clear that we have been
overlooking a domestic animal which
stands high in the utilitarian scale.
The fact that the goat will cat any
thing which a sheep or a cow will
eat, "and in addition feed upon many
things which they reject," as pointed
out bp Professor II. M. Sherwood In
a lecture last May, is one of the chief
factors in its claim to recognition
but this is not the only one. The milk is
recognized as a superior food for in
valids and children, especially those
with impaired digestive powers. There
is a strong sentimental appeal in the
freedom of the goat from tuberculosis
and other common livestock diseases.
Whatever may be the final conclusions
of scientists upon the disputed ques
tion whether tuberculosis is trans
mitted to healthy humans through
the milk of infected cows, the idea
is, to say the least, unpleasant, and
goats' milk will commend itself to
those who prefer to be on the "safe
side." The high butter-fat content of
the milk by comparison with cows'
milk is not less valuable because "it
separates with difiiculty and goats'
milk butter is not a commercial com
modity. It contributes to the richness
of the milk and is the reason for the
excellence of various goat milk
cheeses.
An excellent argument in favor of
more general adoption of the practice
of goat-raising on a small scale Is the
faculty of the animal of converting
into milk feed which would be re
jected by other animals. Half a graz
ing and half a browsing animal, it
makes valuable milk and mutton from
even obnoxious weeds and brush. It
requires a minimum of expensive con-1
centrated feed, although it responds
to increased attention. It is adapted
to ownership by families in suburban
situations where there is nearby pas- I
t.ure in wmcn the goat may be teth- I
erea. a rew goats will thrive on the I
waste from a small farm; a single one
upon the culls from a 'good-sized gar
den. The land-clearing value of goats
is well known, but incidental.
There are a good many reasons why
it Is to be hoped that the newly re
vived milk goat propaganda will make
headway in the Pacific Northwest.
There are several regions which seem
particularly adapted to the industry
on a large scale; but the thought also
persists that for the suburban family.
now greatly concerned by the milk
problem, the goat offers a feasible
solution. Goats fit closely into the
scheme of economy which is especially
enjoined upon us by conditions aris
ing from the war.
EAST MONET. I
A birthday party for Uncle Sam is 1
the suggestion of a San Francisco I
citizen. The plan is that each person
buy as many postage stamps as ho
can afford, and, instead of using them
on letters, forward them to the Gov
ernment as a present. Now, a Port
land man has broadened the Idea by
suggesting that everybody whenever
convenient buy postage or revenue
stamps and save them. No service
will have been rendered by the Gov
eminent, so the sale will be clear
profit. The purchaser in the long
run will not lose because the stamps
will always be worth face value, while
he may eventually profit more than he
would from purchase of War Savings
Stamps and Liberty Bonds through
the activity of future collectors.
It may occur to some analytical in
dividual that if everybody becomes a
stamp collector none of the present
day issues will ever become rare
enough to induce philatelists to pay
a premium for them. But it is not
to discourage the plan that this Is
written, but to call attention to the
possibilities for a Government enter
prise inspired by the story the stamp
correspondent tells tnriav in his letter.
The son of Hettv Green, havine
been caught with an accumulation of
money and nothing worth while to
spend it for, purchased from a specu- I
lator a sheet of imnerfect revenue
stamps, which tho speculator had but
recentlv bought from the Government
for 24. Hetty's bov rjaid S20.000 for
the sheet merely because imperfoc-
tions in Government stamps are rare,
and he wanted something exclusive. I
Inasmuch as the Government needs
money and there is much wealth
coupled with foolishness in the coun-
try, it is hereby suggested that the
Government co Into th business of
making imperfect stamps and coins in
limited quantities for sale direct to
those who are willing to pay hand-
somely for trivial things that nobody
else can possibly obtain. I
Thus might the war be financed 1
without conscripting wealth or inter
fering with the noble sport of profiteer
ing.
IS A NAVAL BATTLE NEAR?
Germany's boast that the high seas
fleet will soon challenge the allies to
a naval battle by going to sea cannot
safely be dismissed as a mere piece
of' propaganda for home consumption.
The Kaiser and his advisers know
that, if France and Italy were de
feated on land and were forced to
make peace. Great Britain and the
United States would still be able to
make a long naval war and to con
tinue the blockade. Though he might
rapidly enlarge his fleet with material
from conquered countries and in the
landlocked security of the Baltic and
Black Seas his enemies could keep
pace with him, and they have a long
start. Knowledge that such would be
the situation might cause the conti
nental allies to prolong the land war
in hope of final dellverence. Germany
cannot endure a long war, either on
sea or land, and the Kaiser may feel
the necessity of forcing a decision on
sea as well as land.
The odds are so greatly against him
that he cannot reasonably hope for
a decisive victory at sea, but he may
expect by some new surprise to sink
so many of his enemies' ships that
they would be too weakened to carry
on a long naval war and that France,
beaten on land, could be brought to
terms. That may be the thought
behind Von Tirpltz' boast that after
the allied armies have been driven
beyond Paris, "the Kaiser's boats
will drive the English off the high
seas.'
On the face of the figures this
boast is preposterous. Before the war
Great Britain had thirty-six dread
noughts, the United States seventeen
and Germany twenty. At that time
the British had a much larger build
ing programme under way than Ger-
many, and they are reported to have
added twelve dreadnoughts to their
fleet in the first two years of the war.
The United States has added several
capital ships to the Navy during the
last year, and is giving a great cxhi
bition of speed in construction. Ger
many no doubt has been building, but
can hardly have kept pace with her
two chief rivals, much less overcome
their lead
Germany may hope to make up for
Inferiority in ships by using tho rem
nant of the Zeppelin fleet to bomb the
allied ships, by similar use of air
planes, by activity of submarines and
by other new tricks. But the British
have proved their superiority in using
airplanes for bombinir. and tho Amert-
cans will doubtless equal, if not ex-
cel. them. In legitimate warfare as
distinguished from mere piracy Brit-
lsh submarines have equaled the feats
of the Germans, and here, again.
Americans claim equality. The allies
may also have some new tricks to
play.
Of one thing we may be sure, if a
naval battle should be fought. With
Admiral Sims in command of the
Americans and with Sir David Beatty
in command of the British, the Ger
man ships will not be allowed to slip
away as they did from Jutland. It
will be a fight to a finish.
Epread of the "keep a bee" idea has
been greatly encouraged by the short
age of sugar, and also by realization
mat apiculture is an industry in
which women are likely to excel. Its
advantages in this regard are that it
is pre-eminently a business in which
a maximum of knowledge combined
with a minimum of heavy physical
labor will produce results. In an or
chard district the neighbors within a
radius of two miles of the hives may
supply the raw material for the honey,
without being deprived of any prop.
prfv nf value to them- in fart, rtaej;
are valued because thev increase cron
yields by aiding pollenizatlon. The bee
movement is relatively important in
view of the casualties caused by the
severe weather of last Winter, and all
who can do so are being urged to re
plenish their supplies. At the samel
time impractical schemes for keeping
hives on tenement roofs and In other
out-of-the-way places are not being
encouraged this year. The beet thrives
best in the open country, is not adapted
to slum conditions, and It is regarded
as a waste of time to try to teach him
city ways.
GARABED.
It is not particularly surprising that
the hopes raised by the visionary
Garabed T. K. Garagossian did not
materialize. The promise of "free
energy" has seemed contradictory
from the first. We do not get many
things free In this world. Nature has
a way of exacting compensation.
Tnere is comfort in the reflection.
however, that mankind probably Is all
the better off without its Garabed. If
the rosy expectations of the inventor
had all been fulfilled, there would
have been nothing much for us to do
but watch the wheels go round. A
piece of mechanism no bigger than
a wash boiler would have stoked our
furnaces, made our clothes, swept and
dusted and attended to the chores, to
say nothing of running tha automobile
and barbering the lawn. It was to
have been our universal provider and
labor dispenser.
On the surface, it held out a lovely
prospect. But what misery soon would
have come upon us, with nothing to
do and no reason for doing it. Few
normal persons can stand tha strain
of protracted Idleness. It does not
seem probable that it would be
happy state. The heaven of the early
theologians, in which souls were pic
tured as doing nothing but play on
harps and bask in the light of a
throne, never was very popular with
those who have tried both Idleness
and work.
Garabed cannot say, however, that
he had no chance to make good. It
is almost amazing that he succeeded
In winning the hearing that was
granted to him. He failed to produce
a model which would answer the great
question. Does It work?" There Is
another lesson here for inventors. The
world is too busy for mere theories.
Working models should be furnished
with all discoveries in future.
Tho deeper knowledge of the Latin
character which we are obtaining: by
our closer association witn me Tencn
on tne Western front and are soon to
increase Dy an excursion into Italy
wl11 stand us in good stead in our
iuture dealings witn our neignDors in
Latin-America. This will be relatively
less Important in a military than In a
oroaaer social sense, unis war already
nas shown tnat personal bravery
13 not lne exclusive attribute or any
"tuir iuh, uu u it uuej not
even depend upon the Justness of the
cause, but in understanding of the
traits of other peoples which are less
easny aennea tnere is no aouot mat
we have been notably deficient. One
writer has expressed the thought by
saying mat our new associations will
eive us more "savolr vlvre," which
wul nt omv make our own existence
more pleasurable but will make u
more acceptable to our Latin friends.
It will contribute an element of cul
ture which will be of advantage to us
In many ways.
Petrograd has quieted down as food
has become scarcer, and has begun
to think. It will think harder when
other cities take the food destined
for it. There Is hope of returning
sanity, when famine is found to be
the penalty of folly. An allied army
escorting trainloads of food might be
welcomed as deliverers,
Note the difference in two men-
Samuel Gompers, real labor leader.
doing his best for his country, and
Eugene Debs, who was a leader in
a small way before he went wrong, in
jail for talking too much.
A new world will arise out of the
war, but It will not espouse tha Hill
quit or I. W. W. brand of Socialism,
which puts a premium on laziness and
inefficiency and penalizes brains and
industry.
The way the sugar was doled yester
day at some eating places recalled the
times years and years ago in Oregon
when "mother" kept the bowl In her
lap and dispensed the contents with
wisdom.
Early peaches are on the Taklma
market, but Portland Is ahead with
the early "peach" on the street right
away after dinner, a soldier with her.
In the seizure of 760 quarts at AI
bany Sunday, it is stated no arrests
were made." Why bother with arrests
with all that joy stuff?
By his veto yesterday the President
goes on record for a seven-hour day
I for the favored classes in the depart
I ments.
Oregon is escaping one big grouch.
What a howl would go up when,
naturally, beer went up to 6 or
cents!
The German drive against hospital
ships never stops. We are not per.
mitted to forget that tho Germans are
Huns.
If the Kaiser were patriotic as the
American sees it he would start some,
thing Thursday and take his "lick
Ing."
I Showing one s colors consists in
I making a proper display of red, white
and blue, and also of war stamp green,
Debs has had a long rope it
reached from 1S94 to 1918 but h
has come to the end of it at last.
Debs is not a fool. He has brains.
of a kind. Possibly he seeks a vaca.
tion, as this is vacation time.
Tha graingrower is not the only man
affected by this dry spell. There's the
rabrella man, for example.
If the Italians should continue to
capture a mountain a day, they will
get to Vienna after a while.
The Nachrichten of Goerlits
worthy successor to Punch, though
its Jokes are heavier.
Some of these seizures are real dls.
appointing to prospective celebrators
of the Fourth.
Your neighbor Is not crazy. He may
be rehearsing for the day after to.
morrow.
"Garabed" is a dream, but it may
stimulate somebody to do something.
More glee in -Berlin. Another Brit
ish hospital ship has been sunk.
You csn buy white flour Friday
I that is, if you can.
Walla Walla Draws the Line
GraiKers Wrlnsir, but Not Antl
Patrteta Typified by Bosjcku
Walla Walla Bulletin.
N the absence of an original and con
cise news account of what was done
in Walla Walla in the matter of tha
disloyal followers of Bouck and the
majority of the state grange last week.
a defect in outside news service which
tha Bulletin deeply regrets and by
reason of tha general circulation of
poisoned, exaggerated and misleading
accounts of tha procedure it may be
well here to repeat the salient features
for the information of those who do
not know tha facts.
In the first place, nobody in Walla
Walla had anything but the very best
feeling for the grangers when they
came. The public was ready to give
them Walla Walla's accustomed "glad
hand," which is an honest, old-fashioned
welcome, this community being
composed largely of prosperous and
loyal farmers or retired farmers and
their families. Why did the welcome
which started so warmly, evidenced by
tha fact that the residents here took
the grangers Into their homes, end so
suddenly? Why were resolutions fin
ally adopted by sane, practical men.
after a thorough hearing. In which the
sentiment was expressed that the
grangers would not be welcome in
Walla Walla so long as they permitted
rganlzers of the Non-Partisan League
to operate either openly or secretly in
the grange?
Because of the following reasons:
First, soma two months ago tha Pa
triotic League, consisting of almost
800 members from all parts of Walla
Walla County, after a careful Investi
gation of the principles and methods
f the Non-Partisan League. held a
mass meeting and passed resolutions
to the effect that neither tha I. W. W
the Non-Partisan League nor any other
followers of La Follette. lukewarm
supporters of the liberty loan, op
ponents of the war, Russellites, or
those whose leaders are Indicted or
under grave suspicion of disloyalty
would ba permitted to operate In this
county. It was not then dreamed by
nybody that the state grange of
Washington would come into Walla
Walla under tha leadership of a man
who spoke and acted in open and im
pudent defiance of that resolution and
that such a man would be re-elected
their leader after his offense. Second
eaders of tha grange, before taking
the action they recorded In favor of the
Non-Partisan League and its advocates.
Interviewed officers of the Patriotic
League as to their attltudo toward the
Non-Partisan League. They were told
of tha action above stated. As if In
defiance of the wishes of tha Patriotic
League they at onea assembled and
Bouck heatedly denounced all oppo
nents of tha Non-Partisan League as
foes of the grange, alleging that "the
profiteers who are now trying to de
stroy our sister order really mean to
crush us."
In tha same address Bouck, as mai-
er of tha grange, denounced newspa
pers and news-gathering associations,
evidently meaning the Associated Press,
as prostituting themselves for gold, as
foes of the common people.
The Bulletin then held Bouck up to
public scorn and gave him a verbal
flogging under which ha winced. We
denounced him as un-American, classed
him with tha agitating I. W. W., and
showed that his asinine views were
unworthy of tha order he misrepre
sented.
After considerable careful investiga
tion tha next day tha School Board re
fused to permit Bouck and his disloyal
ists to use tha schoolhouse. The Chris
tian Church took similar action with
regard to Its property. The traitors
had not where to lay their heads.
There was no violence.
Then there was an orderly mass
meeting. It was attended largely by
grangers of tha loyal type. They agreed
that they were ashamed and humili
ated that Bouck and his disloyalists
had polluted the order. They Joined In
the action of the meeting which ejected
Samuels of Idaho when ha said ha was
Non-Partisan, and In the action of
the same meeting which hissed Mrs.
Wallace Williams, of Yakima, when she
said she belonged to tha league.
Lver since these events took place
the rabid agitators have been busy.
They telegraphed to President Wilson
that they were handled roughly. Their
telegram and their newspaper effu
sions have mads it appear that the
Home Guard ejected them. This Is a
piece of pure fiction. Tha guards had
nothing to do with the procedure, which
was as narrated above.
ana grangers were welcome as
grangers. The loyal members of that
once great order almost half of the
membership that attended here were
extended every possible courtesy. They
met at the Commercial Club and formed
plans to redeem tha state grange from
the clutch of the Bouck type of men.
and these they denounce as traitors to
tha principles of tha grange and to
Americanism. These loyal grangers
have passed resolutions and written
letters . expressing their gratitude to
the people of Walla walla for their
courtesies and their staunch loyalty o
tha best Interests of the United States.
There was nd violence, and there were
no threats of violence, and there were
no "huskies waiting outside to execute
the will of the mob," as has been repre
sented by such publications as Bouck
controls either directly or indirectly,
or to whom ho grossly and deliberate
ly misrepresented the facts as given
above. The grangers' convention was
Invited to Walla Walla and was grant
ed every possible attention until Bouck
Insulted the loyal peoplo of Walla
Walla. There are certain courtesies
that the guest must observe as well
as the host, so when Bouck offered
deliberate insult to our loyal people,
the School Board and other loyal or
ganizations and representative citizens
resented the Insults by resolution and
by refusing the use of public halls
further to propagate tha disloyal ut
terances and propaganda. These are
tha undeniable facts covering the en
tire situation.
Significance of Address
GILMER, Wash., June 29. (To the
Editor). A young man's address (now
In France) Is given In pert as:
"Headquarters Troop, A. P. O. 730."
Does this signify the work he Is do
ing? What does the A P. O. stand for?
J.
It signifies that be Is on duty with
the troop assigned to general guard
and -mergency work at the headquar
ters of soma military organization. A.
P. O. 730 is tha number of the Ameri
can post office in France at which he
receives his mall.
Application of Draft Treaty.
THE DALLES, Or., June SO. (To tha
Editor.) Would a former Canadian,
that Is, one who has first papers in
this country, of draft age, who has
been placed in Class 4. Section A. by
the draft board in this district, coroe
under the British draft or Canadian
draft? What are the regulations of
either country and are there any ex
emptions on account of occupation or
dependents? J. F. w ii-su.-.
The person described would come un
der the draft law of the United Statea
In other words, the draft treaty will
not change his present status or classification.
PRESENTS FOR YOUR TJNCXE SAM '
Money Cmm Be Ulvea Cenrmsint by
Purchase of Cium Stamps,
PORTLAND, July 1. (To the Edi
tor.) Although the air is full of plans
to help the Government, financially and
otherwise. In winning tha war. there la
ona very good one, quite extensively
practiced in soma other countries, which
seems to have been thus far overlooked
In the United States, so far as the gen
eral public is concerned.
This is the practice of making a col
lection of postage stamps of our own
country. In unused condition, especially
of the Btamps now current.
Such a collection, even of tha current
stamps, would ba mora extern' a and
interesting, it completed, than might
at first thought be supposed. There
are 20 varieties of the current adhesive
letter postage stamps, in tha perforated
form, together with a number of sub
varletles of some of them, without per
forations, and perforated only verti
cally or horizontally.
Then there are the envelope stamps,
which are printed right on tha en
velopes, there being a considerable va
riety of these.
Next come the revenue stamps, of
wmcn tnere are several different de
signs and many different denomina
tions.
When any of these stamps are pur
chased to go into a collection, it means
a clear profit to the Government, for
there Is no further service to perform
after the sale is made.
There Is no loss to the collector, bow-
ever, for the stamps will always be
worth at least their face value. It is
entirely possible thst some of them, if
held a few years, might ba worth con
siderably more. Such things are hap
pening right along, as stamp collectors
well Know.
To give some idea of what rare
stamps are worth, a recent instance
might be cited. The new 24-cent stamp.
issued only a few weeks ago, and which
is
not yet In general circulation
throughout the country, furnishes tl.e
example.
This stamp is printed In two colors,
and It happened in the printing process
that one sheet of 100 stamps was In
verted when the lost color was printed,
making the center design of the stamp
upside down.
It happened that a stamp collector
went to the Washington postofflce to
buy one ot the new stamps, and saw
the sheet. Ha Immediately bought it,
paying the face value. 124. for the luo
stamps. A few days later, according
to philatelic magazines, he sold the
sheet to Colonel Greene, son of the
late Hetty Greene, for $20,000.
This, of course, is an exceptional case,
but as a matter of fact, nearly all but
the most common denominations of
stamps go up in value quite fast as
they attain age, and there is always a
ready market for them, for the hobby
of stamp collecting ia world-wide, a 1-
thought practiced more extensively in
foreign rountriea than in the United
States. It is estimated, however, that
there are about 100.000 stamp collectors
n this country, and about 100 dealers
of consequence. E. A. SOUTHWICK,
IGMIRAXCE.
We all are Ignorant, quite regardless of
our class:
Through every day and every night ten
thousand problems pasa
That never a brain on earth has solved,
however bravely striven.
However firmly been resolved to con
quer puzzles given:
And Ignorant shall wa all remain, as
ages coma and go.
Though here and there we see a gleam.
and reason thus and so!
We'll never know tha whence and why
or wonders on the earth.
Of glories that kind nature spreads
around the wide world's girth:
The secrets of the heaving sea, the
winds that tilt the sail;
Of brush that paints the wild bird's
wing as It defies the gale;
E en power that's harnessed and at
work, though docllo and con
trolled
And never known to fail or shirk Is
mystery yet untold!
Teal Verily we're ignorant, quite! But
there are eyes that see
The Infinite in every shrub and bloom
and beckoning tree!
There dwell within some souls the light
and menial vision keen
That aid them In their search aright.
amid each daily scene;
And though a limit has been placed
across each path they go
They are not daunted nor dlsgrsced
who know they do not know!
That knowledge which enables rata to
sea his tiny sphere
la knowledge that may help him grasp
some truths about him here;
Such souls must know and feel them
selves but atoms on the strand
Where beats the ceaseless tide of Time
upon tha shifting land!
But oh, the hopelessness of minds wa
daily meet and greet
Who do not know they do not know-
dense Ignorance complete!
CRACK E. HALL.
067 East Forty-ninth Street North.
Injustice Kr Corrected.
NEWPORT. Or., June 29. (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian June 23 Is
an article which is of Interest to all
enlisted men. it is regarding the case
of Rastua BesFey, a petty officer in the
Navy, who died at the League Island
Navy-yard hospital February 5.'
Navy surgeons reported that Mr.
Bessy died of tuberculosis contracted
before he entered the service. On their
report the War Risk Bureau decided
that Bessey'8 mother was not entitled
to any allowance.
If this man had tuberculosis before
he entered the service, why was he
acccepted and pronounced fit for ser
vice? Was not trie physician wno ex
amlned him appointed by the Govern
ment? Then why should this man
who, in the performance of his duties,
contracted a disease which resulted in
his death, be deprived of the insurance
for which he paid?
AN ENLISTED MAN.
The correspondent has confused com
pensation with insurance. Compensa.
tion is paid to certain dependents when
a soldier or sailor loses his lifo In ac
tive duty. This compensation costs
soldiers and sailors nothing and Is
wholly distinct from the insurance
they may purchase.
Tho rule has been that compensation
is not paid when a soldier or sailor dies
from disease contracted before enter
ing the service. It was undoubtedly
unjust and has very lately been
changed by act of Congress so that in
reference to compensation a man "shall
be held and taken to have been in
sound condition when examined, ac
cepted and enrolled for service."
Jala the W. S. 8. Brigade.
Come join the war saving stamp brl
gade
And heed your country's call.
And give three cheers for our brava
boys
Who are fighting for us all.
Let not a cent He idla
In pocketbook or bank:
Bring forth your buckskin wallets
And fill the Yankee tank.
What cood would money do us
If the Stars and Stripes should fall?
The Huns would yoke us up
To till our own sweet solL
Would it pay to give our freedom
And the good things we possess
For a heart like that of tha greedy
Hun
Or a miser's grasping fist?
No! No! plank down your dollars
And up with the Stars and Stripes
And give three cheers for Uncle Saia
For our dear old Link is ngnf.
IKED R. ALEXANDER.
4
In Other Days.
Half Century Ago.
.rom The Oreconian. July 2. 186S.
Rev. I. Dillon, th. r-.w Hlt. tho
Christian Advocate of this city, has ar-
Market Square, the open block Just
east of the Central K.-hnni..... ...
.Vn el as the place for exhibiting
. c ui na ou lne evening of the
1-ourth.
Some periodicals of the city are abus
ing the commissioners of Multnomah
County for purchasing & farm for tha
support of the county poor.
San Francisco. Stock rambling Is a
monstrous evil In San Francisco at
present. Even clerks on small salaries,
school mistresses, young ladies with,
some spare change, and married women
with more cash than brains, are ven
turing into tha vortex with disastrous
results.
An English inventor has recently pat
ented an enormous cannon of Sz-lnrh.
bore and capable of throwing a 000
pound shotl
Twenty-five Years Ago.
Prom The Oreconian. July 1S0.1.
The Portland Speed and Driving As
sociation's Spring meeting closed yes
terday on the Albtna track with a big
crowd and lively betting.
Columbia. S. C. The atate todav took
over the liquor business here. There
win na a big central rtisnensarv In Co
lumbia which furnishes liauor to rounW
lspensarles. Great dissatisfaction is
xpressed over the new system. Peoplo
re ouying large quantities of liquor so
i not to patronize the dispensaries.
The new Portland llbrarv. 1 URt com
pleted, is declared to be the most re
markabe buldlng In the city. It Is tha
lit or ansa Jilla C. Smith.
The Northern Pacific Railroad has re-
uced the fare to St. Taul to $25. first-
lusa
Berlin. It is estimated that 205 out
f 397 members of the German reichs-
ag will vote for tho bill to increase tha
rmy.
CONTRACT PLAN IN SHIPYARD!)
Advantage of Roth Sides Sera im Let
ting Ont Side Work.
PORTLAND. July 1. (To the Edi
tor.) In my judgment there Is not a
member of the Builders' Exchange who
ia not willing and ready to do his' bit
o help win the war.
There can be no dispute but that tha
building construction contractor, being
exempt from serving in the Army by
reason of age or physical condition, can
beat serve the Government by being
permitted to work at his usual and
customary. occupation or trade on Gov
ernment work so far as it is possible
to do so.
There is also no question but that lit
connection with every shipyard In tho
vicinity of Portland there is a largo
amount of work of this nature that
could be turned over to those men with
profit to them and advantage to tho
yards.
To these considerations It may be
truthfully added that it is a distlncti
loss for such men, as I am in position
to name, to work as journeymen In th
shipyards, as many are doing.
Men who, in times of peace, can con-f
tract for and erect public and prlvat
construction work in a satisfactory
anner running well up In figures, are
surely able to handle without any ques
tion, the rough, ordinary and tempo-
rary construction work connected with
wartime shipyards on a contract basis.
One advantage the contract system
has over the day-labor plan Is that It
relieves the shipyard organisation from
superintending the work, which is a
practical problem the yards' manage
ments will appreciate. Another advan
tage Is that it would obviate the neces
sity of hiring ofttimes a special class
ot labor and also the annoyance attend-
nt upon procuring much material that
the yards under ordinary circumstances
are not in the habit of handling.
In addition it might be said that
when a contract is let to a responsible
contractor, the cost of the proposed
work is fixed before the actual work
begins; while on the other hand by tha
day-labor plan the cost of a certain
piece of construction Is never known
until the work is all done, and some
times then it is rather uncertain, for
tho reason that charges which should
be assessed against the construction
are very often charged against some
other work that is going ahead at tha
same time. This last consideration is
more apt to obtain when the work
begins to exceed the original estlmato
and is apparent in the matter of figur
ing costs and in accounting In general.
and because it leads to erroneous con
clusions, is very undesirable.
So much in favor of It-tting all side
work and shipyard building construc
tion. But in addition to this it is
quite possible were there a desire to
do so. to handle quite a percentage of
actual ship work in the same manner.
The building construction contractor
has been hit coming and going by tho
discouragement of all building work
not essential, by priority rulings, by
price fixing, by wage advances and by
curtailing production in certain lines
of building materials.
It would seem only fair thst ha
should be permitted to serve his coun
try, in addition to buying bonds and
stamps, in the only advantageous man
ner that remains, to wit: the contract
ing of all building construction and
side work In shipyards and other war
work. O. ",. IIUGUSON.
Manager Builders' Exchange,
Pie, Buckwheat and Oat ( akta,
PORTLAND. July 1. (To the - Edi
tor.) While It is eminently proper to
sing the praise of buckwheat cakes as
a good old American dish and to givo
editorial distinction to the "broad
mindednnss" of King George in order
ing a "stack," it is surely exceeding
the bounds of humor to hint at tha
further breaking down of British "bar
riers of prejudice" by the Introduction
of apple pie to a land where that deli
cacy is slready served "par excellence"
and has long been enjoyed by the "na
tives." Speaking of "barriers of prejudice,"
end on the subject of food, how would
It do for us here In these wheatless
days and times of international fu
sions to adopt the much-joked-sbout
Scotch oatmeal cakes as an offset to
King Oeorge'a example for you alao
quote Dr. Taylor, of tho University of
Pennsylvania, as stating that "consid
ered as a whole, oatmeal poseisea the
highest food value-"
Don't let Britain do all the breaking
down of tho "barriers of prejudice"
these days. SUBSCRIBER.
Transfer Debts to Unele Sana.
MECCA, Or., Juno 29. (To the Ed
itor. The excuse, which is no excuse
at all. is often put forward by peoplo
who do not contribute to tha financing
of the great war that they owe so much
thay have no money to spare with
which to buy bonds and war savings
stamps.
Tha reason why I say it Is no excuse
is that I am in the same boat. I owe
mora than I will be able to pay befora
tha war is over. Yet I have been put
ting every available dollar I can spare
In bonds and stickers, and when I get
a bond I simply turn It over to one of
my creditors. You can bet they are
glad to accept Undo Sam In lieu of my
self as a debtor. Try it. Pay your debts
with liberty bunds!