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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (March 27, 1918)
THE 3I0RXTO OREGOXIAN. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 1918. SHORTAGE OF COAL ACUTE III BERLIN Vast Industries of Germany Literally Living From Hand to Mouth as Regards Fuel. WOMEN WORK IN MINES Analysis of Situation Worth While Bevanse lilndenburr's Programme of Doubling Production of Ma Dillon 1 Baaed on CoaL ST CTRlt. BROWN. fOpyrishv. 1H. by th rrni Publishing Company. rMnh.l by arruf.tn.nl with th N.w lor It World.! STOCKHOLM. Feb. 17. Germany's aew year. rich In Inherited trou bles, trrm a grav coal shortage crisis throughout th empire scut In Berlin, only slightly 1cm o In other large center. Germany la third only to America and Britain among 'the coal prodaclng nation of th world: and yet ut Indu. tries and even municipal ( and electric light and power plants re literally llvlna from hand to mouth. worrying about th morrow's or next week's coal, while Berlin has been forced to ot up In th cold and to go to bed in th cold, with a lea-ally fixed t.mrxratur of only (2.C degrees Fah renheit Indoors between times. A do analysis ot th causes and ramlacatlons of Germany's coal troubles la peculiarly worth while not only t raua coal la th Indlspensabl funds nent and baa of th proud pyramid of th Hlndenburg programme, but also becaua It affords an Illuminating In sight Into many elements of Germany's strenrth and weakness, and mort par ticnlarly affords striking proof of th very general all-around progressive running down of things In Germany th physical deterioration of human material and of plant. Like th food problem. Germany's coal problem Is essentially that of mak ing a slngl btanket cover a double td. But. unlike th food shortage, which, thanks to th enthusiastic and prodigal editorial speculations of th London pre. as to th fascinating pos sibility of ending th war by starving out Germany through th blockade, bad been feared, anticipated and In part prepared for by thoughtful tiermans as far back as th Kail of 1)14. th coal short-, was of a much later date, first seriously felt In th Winter of ll-17. and cam as a complete aur- prise. vl oases) aad Children la th Mine. During th early months of th war Germany's coal production dropped sharply, du to the fact that th ma jority of th husky miners -bad been railed to th colors. When th war did not terminal speedily, as hoped, women and children wer put to work In th mines, for th first tlm In th history of Germany's mining Industry, and all available foreign labor was drawn upon, so that from the Spring of IMS Germany's coal production be gan to Increase again, slightly but steadily. The partial release of miners from the front by the highest leader ship further accelerated production but. though throughout 11 the coal production was at a very low ebb as compared with th peace-time produc tlon. there was ao talk of any shortage until the v Inter of that year. The Hlndenburg programme, which called for -doubling Germany's produc tion of guns and ammunition within viz months, was Inaugurated In the Fall of IMS, and a serious coal short age was Its first result perceptible to the public The mines were over whelmed, swamped; the orders for coal for Immediate and near future delivery , were nearly doubled. War material plants already In operation doubled th. Ir coal requirements by Spring; new ammunition and war material factories .prang up like mushrooms throughout Germany. ( Ml Reserve I'sed I' p. In December. 1914. Germany's already verstrained. rundown railroads began to show symptoms of distress under the strain of the new Hlndenburg pro gramme, traffic conditions growing rap idly worse, culminating In a complete breakdown In March. 11". One result of the nearly catastrophal breaking down of the German railroads during the Winter of 1S14-17 was that all coal reserves aad local stocks on hand were necessarily used up. And Germany has not been able to catch up again on Its coal sapply. Because of the continued transpor tation troubles, the overtaxed railroads and waterways and the Imperativeness of the daily demand of the war Indus tries. It has been Impossible to replenish and maintain the normal coal reserves for Industrial, business and private consumption, despite heroic measures to Increas production at the mines and bring order out of the transporta tion rbaos. Nor did the creation of a new office, the Installation of an Im perial coal commissioner In the Summer of 117. help materially, except to swell the fat volume of already extant war ordinances and regulations and provide an official scapegoat. The coal short age has continued to grow worse, until in January. 11. the highest point, the admitted crisis has been reached. tkm Idea of the sorry, overstrained rondition of Germany's rundown rail road system Is evidenced by the Im mense euantittes of coal lying at the mines awaiting transportation facilities and unable to be moved. The Coal Kartel saddles all the blame for th unpopular coal shortage on the rail roads, for by straining every nerve and sinew Germany's coal production has virtually been brought to the old peace time record again. More miners are today working In Germany's mines than In peace time. The miners who could possibly be spared have been combed out of the fronts and sent back to their Jobs; prisoners have been drafted Into th mines; th woman and children have, after nearly thre years, gained In efficiency. And yet. though many more persons are engaged in the coal mines, the production of anthracite has hardly reached the pre-war fig urea, the production of bituminous coal only very slightly beating the peace output. Strikes do not explain the evident decrease in coal production, which Is decrease In the output of the In dividual miner as compared with bis peac-tlro efficiency, though they af ford a cue to the trouble. Coal strikes. so far, have been of short duration, mere knocking off work for a few CANDIDATE FOR LKGHLATl RE HEIR SISTERS RACU. i: - V i7 , P. J. Gallagher, of Talo. VALE, Or, March 2. Sp- HURLEY TELLS SHIP- BULDING PROGRESS Chairman of Board Places - Facts Before National Marine League. HUGE OUTPUT IN PROSPECT clal.) P. J. Gallagher, one of the prominent young lawyers of Kastem Oregon, has announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for State Represen tative from Harney and Malheur counties. Mr. Gallagher resides at Ontario and has been associat ed actively with all progressive movements for the development of thl. M'tlnn of th state. Ha Is an able lawyer and an effective J speaker and debater. He always J has been a-strong Republican. ttince the declaration of war by the United States Mr. Gallagher has given generously of his tlms to the Red Cross movement, lib- . vny iiwa 11 1 1 , c, auu tuv raising of funds for the Y. M. C A. and Knights of Columbus. He Is an enthusiastic member of the Coun- ty Council of Defense. ......................... COREGA Holds False Teeth Firmly in Mouth Prevents Sore Gums- Gums shrink or swell and plates be come loo- which Is no fault of the Vanttsl An application of COREGA siftej evenly on th dental plat ro ll. e these conditions. It holds th plat firmly and comfortably In posi tion. Also promotes month hygiene. Zic at drug stores aad dental supply houses. Tour druggist can get It from his wholesaler. Free sample from Core as Chemical Co. Cleveland. Ohio Adv. LetCuticuraBe YourBeautyDoctor days, and according to official ex planations less than 10 per cent of the miners were Involved. But they were demonstrations precipitated by unbear able food hardships. Of Mela 1 Adsalta Food Scarcity. A representative of the Imperial coal commissioner Is authority for the state ment that " the miners' ability to work had gone back not Inconsiderably." This official admission that the work ing power and efficiency of Germany's miners bad diminished as a result of food hardships Is confirmed, among others, by a progressive Reichstag member, who stated that "the quality of the workers haa grown worse." Some approximate Idea of the high pressure under which Germany's am munition and other war Industries are working today under the ambitious Hlndenburg programme, which today haa been fully realised. Is gainable from the fact that, although the coal pro duction has been spurred up again to practically the peace-time figures, coal exports cut to the bone and many su perfluous Industries closed up by order of the military authorities to save coal, the hunger of the ammunition Indus tries Is such that the acute shortage for civic consumption continues. Although, thanks largely to the throttling down of the coal exports. as much coal la available for inland consumption as In peace times, less than 1.000.000 tons monthly can be scraped together and spared for the needs of the populace for CO.000,000 people. Coal ha accordingly had to be rigidly rationed, though, aa usual, this measure waa resorted to rather too late. Htlll surviving non-war industries have been rationed down to SO per cent of their former consumption, and the coal ration for private households baa been reduced below the irreducible mln lmum. Weak Spot la Geramaa Arsaor, The coal shortage reveals some In teresting Incidental weak spots In Ger many's armor. One gets a touch of the faults of an Iron-rigid bureau cratlc organisation when c:ie learns that numerous factories have com plained about the Inequality In the dts trtbutlon of coal, and that some parts of Germany, rich In available wood for firing purpose, were simply deluged with coal, while many sections, with no wood supply to fall back on. re celved no coaL There has been much complaint that the control over coal has been exercised with the same bu reaucratic schematism in the case of foods, and Invidious comparisons are constantly being drawn between state management and private enterprise, and the coal fiasco Is one of the many arguments being sdvanced by the champions of "free business In favor of the abolition of Imperial commis sioners, corporations and other forms of state control of production and dis trlbutlon at the earliest possible mo ment after the war. (Continued Tomorrow.) "CANDY" IS CONFISCATED Fifty Galotn of High-Grade Whisky shipped on Itose City. ASTORIA. Oi. March St. (Special.) That contraband boos sometimes masquerades under Strang garbs was Illustrated today, when Federal otll cer selxed four case of "candy" that arrived on the steamer Koso City yes terday from California. Each case was found to contain a 10-galloa keg of hlgh-grado whisky, so that th haul netted 40 gallons, which has been con fiscated. Th shipment Included fiv esses of the csndy. but on case was carried to Pom land on the steamer and will be seised when It Is returned. The con signment was billed to the 8. A M. Candy Company, but as tber Is no such firm here the officers hav not ascertained the owners of th goods and bar mad no arrests. One Enemy Allen on Faculty. El'OEXE. Or.. March St. (Special.) Herman Schwarx, assistant professor In German at the I nlversity of Ore gon, who left the city last night, and who. It Is Intimated, will not resume his work as a member of th faculty with th opening of the coming semes ter. Is the only enemy alien member of the faculty of th institution. Delay- In - Wooden Programme Ex- I plained; Emphatic Declaration Made Against Conscrip tion oX tabor. NEW YORK. March 28. America's effort to meet German submarine war fare, whose full menace has just been revealed In British Admiralty figures on sinkings of ships, was outlined Ire re tonight by Chairman Hurler, of the Shipping Board, In a frank statement before the ratlonal Marine League. Mr. Hurley disclosed that, despite delays, the country soon will have 7J0 steel and wooden ways turning out hips and that the Government s mam moth steel ship-building programme of 8.000,000 tons on March 1 was 2S per cent on lta way to completion. This does not mean that 2s per cent was In the water, but that construction as a. whole had advanced that far. Eight per cent of the vessels actually hav been put Into service, Mr. Hurley lid. Th thre Government fabricating yards near Philadelphia, when in full operation, will be able to produce. Mr. Hurley said, more ships In a year than 11 the yards of England, heretofore the greatest shipbuilding country in the world. Ship All I bb pert mail. Th high point In production haa been delayed. Mr. Hurley pointed out. by a number of causes. Gradually these are being overcome, he declared, and before many months the peak will have been reached. "Unless we get out men to the battle front we will not win tbe war. and therefor It all comes back to ships, said Mr. Hurley. There were 27 steel shipyards in America at the time of our entrance Into the war. We have located SI addi tional steel and wood yards, while 18 other vards hav been expanded. w e are building In the new and expanded steel yards 23a new steel ship ways, or 2 more than at present exist in an tne shipyards of England. Our programme for building wooden ships haa been beset with many diffi culties and handicaps which could not well be foreseen. A year ago. wooden shipbuilding in tbe United States waa almost a lost art. We found 24 old wooden shipyards with 73 ahipwaya. Th capacity for wooden shipbuilding has been Increased until we now have 81 wooden shipbuild ing yards with 232 ways completed or nearlng completion. . Huge Output la Prospect. . Assuming that these ways will pro duce two standard ships a year, we should turn out about 2,300,000 dead weight tons of wooden shipping an nually. These 332 wooden shipbuilding ways, now nearlng completion, added to our 398 steel building ways, will glv us a total of 730 berth upon which to build steel and wooden vessels, an Increase of 495 wooden and steel berths. "With our total of 730 ways, we will have 621 more berths than Sir Eric Geddes in his recent speech stated Eng land has at present. "Our programme on wooden ships was delayed by the fact that we were unable to provide the necessary big timber In sufficient quantities from the forests east of the Mississippi. This situation, which has been a serious handicap. I am happy to say, is steadily Improving. Concrete Craft Launched. The proposal to build ships of con crete was at first regarded as a fas cinating absurdity. On March 14 there was launched from the yards of tbe San Francisco company the first con crete ship, a vessel which the builders hristened Faith, we hope she will ex emnllfy the name. "There has been much talk of con scripting labor, of forcing it into ship building, as our soldiers have Been broucht into the camps. I am fully aware that I am flying In the face of a growing popular sentiment that men should be drafted into the industry which supports the battle lines, but I wish to put myself on record as being opposed to the conscription of labor." FOR. YOUNG MEN AND MEN.WHO "STAY YOUNG ) 70R your guide and safeguard when buy-, ing clothes rely on the Society Brand label. It is the pledge of the makers. No garment is a genuine Society Brand model unless the inside pocket bears the label. Go to "Style Head quarters" where Society Brand Clothes are sold. !' iClHiiv ' ' iJ3 fffH'f ' LALFRBD DECKER A COHN, Makers if! 0BO ,NewYwk Montreal ; ill! Z&l V; ' - ' r jj m; Ar.,m dH ' .-' ' S J 4 i) - w. ' Invariably correct for all ages. i ( lm VT 'X ""3 Society Brand Clothes typify I I S , iNw Vv the modern trend toward "v X"-' v ' i JZ- f.&:?-' .", youthfulness, in business, in ji 'V ' $S?isJ'S K Js IF'Jq A thought and in dress, ft ' - r"p-V 3 -i-ji1 43 v ' ' ill ill ls 7' T "" l " " KAISER'S COUP DESPERATE T. P. O'Connor Prophesies Failure of War Lord's Gamble. SAX FRANCISCO. March 26. "Pow erful and effective as the present Ger man offensive Is, it is, to my mind, rather the outcome ow despair than of hope," T. P. O'Connor, Irksh Na tionalist leader, told the San Francisco Commercial Club today. "The offensive will be stopped at the proper place and at the proper time," he continued. "This great gamble of the Kaiser will end In discomfiture. It waa Inspired mainly to avert the final and overwhelming forces on the side of the allies, which will come from tbe arrival of the American armies." Passing to conditions in Ireand, Mr. O'Connor said: "Americans must understand that the chief responsibility for the unsatisfac tory state of affairs In Ireland does not rest with the Irish people, but with the criminal and Incredible weakness of successive British parties." Sole Portland Agents for "Society Brand" At church, in society, in busi ness, everywhere Society Brand Clothes. They are authoritative in style and proportioned to fit all types of men without tedious meas uring and fittings. ' 1 j,t t-T- ' The QUALmr" Stows op Poutlahd I , J 'STYLE HEADQUARTERS" WHERE SOCIETY BRAND The new Spring Society Brand models are now on display. We have a wonderful assortment of these famous clothes from $30 to $55. Ideal for Easter wear. Men's Clothing Shop. Third Floor. CLOTHES ARE SOLD MARCH STATES CASE General Defends Curtailed Casualty List. ADDRESS BETTER CUT OUT CHICAGO CABARETS TO GO Kntertalnments of All Kinds Pro hibited Where Liquor Is Served. CHICAGO. March 2. All cabarets in Chicago win be abolished after May 1 under the terms of an ordinance passed by the City Council late today. The ordinance, which has been pend ing since January 1. prohibits any form of entertainment dancing, skat ing, performing at any place where liquor la served. Orchestral musio will be permitted by the payment of an additional $300 license fee. Mechanclal pianos may be used without any special license. FOR VICTORY. Tou know there Is a great deal of satisfaction In eating cakes and doughnuts made by Hoover, the Dough nut King. First, because they tast so good; and. second, because you know they are "victory products, everything being made with one-third substitute flour. Have you tried his French pastry? You can get this at the retail bakery. 1U Third. Hi cakes and doughnuts are sold at all groceries. Adv. Acting Chief of Staff Tells Senate That Claim Agents and German War Authorities Profit by Publication of Data. WASHINGTON, March 26. An offl clal statement of the War Department's reasons for announcing only the names of American troops killed or wounded in France was submitted to the Senate today by Major-General March, acting chief of staff, with a statement that the department considers It of best ad vantage from all points of view. General March said the old system of giving addresses and other details gave Information to the enemy and brought swarms of claim agents to harass the relatives of the men. The policy of the War Department, General March told the Senate, is "to put in the hands of the nearest rela tive or the last friend given by the sol dier In his emergency address, prompt and accurate information concerning the casualty before anything Is given to the press and to prevent any In formation appearing in the papers which will be of any possible assist ance to the German cause." "The old eystm," Geneial March added, "which gave the date of the casualty, enabled the Germans to get exactly what effect was produced upon our troops In a raid of that date. Claisa Agent Swarm. "You will be Interested to know that the publication of the emergency ad dresses brought down upon the re la tlves a swarm of claim agents who guaranteed they would get from the Government the war risk insurance which is guaranteed by law to the proper inheritor." "In spite of the fact that the de partment has in each case advised the nearest relatives that their claims will be adjusted by the- Government and that ther will be furnished the money that is due them without the interposi tion of claim agents, numbers of poor people have yielded to the importuni ties of these agents and are thereby deprived of a portion of what is Justly their due. "The raids which are being con ducted along our front are for the pur pose of capturing one soldier, if pos sible, with th object of obtaining from him information about the organiza tion which Is opposed to the German lines at this point. Testoa Agent Basy la I". S. With th publication of th address of the nearest relative, the German agent In the United Stasea approaches , the relatives and obtains from them the information which Germany is at tempting to obtain from our front by attacks on our forces." Twenty-three names .on today's list of casualties among the American ex peditionary forces include those of two men killed in action; three died of ac cident: seven died of disease, one severely wounded and ten slightly wounded. Majors George J. Lawrence and Timothy J. Moynahan and Lieutenant George r . Fatton were among tne slightly wounded. Killed In action Private Dewey Mlnteer, Private William K. NeaL Died of accident Corporal Albert MIder, Privates George C. Gray, Wilbur Christian. Died of disease Sergeant Vincent Cephus Hasood. pneumonia: Corporals Lynn Odell, diphtheria; Ross E. Shelton, pneumonia; Privates George Arnett, nostalgia; Ole Beck, diphtheria; Elmer Mathews Hyerly, perlton ltis; Phillip C. Smith, diphtheria. Wounded severely Private Edward Dltt man. Wounded slightly Majors George J. Law rence, Timothy J. Moynahan; Lieutenant George F. Patton. Sergeant Warren, W. Lokker. Cook Kastmtee Clchonowlch, Pri vates Everett G. Gucon. David B. Pollock. Harry F. Weidman, Tony Wlsnlskl, James J. Wyatt. Navy Report Casualties. The Navy Department today reported that Allen Seth lid wards, a seaman of Augusta. Ga., had been lulled by sub marine gunfire in foreign waters. Two casualties resulting from acci dents also were reported. They are: Bernard Coleman, seaman. New York, died March 22 aboard the U. S. S. Texas as the result of a skull fracture re ceived when struck by a box of stores. Clarence Arthur Nelson, machinist's mate, Crosby, Minn., killed in Italy, in a fall from a flying boat. William R. Knox, an American marine sergeant temporarily serving as captain in the National Guard of Santo Domingo, was shot and killed March 24, presumably by a band of out laws, the Navy Department today was advised. PENSACOLA. Fla., March 26. En signs Delehanty and Draper, aviators, attached to the naval air section here. were instantly killed late yesterday when their machine fell about 500 feet I Into the water. It became known today. The cause of the accident is unknown. Draper's body was recovered, but Dele hanty's was not. SOLICITORS LOSE OUT SEATTLE LIXES TOLD NOT TO SEEK NEW BUSINESS. Decision of Individual Lines to Cut Off Expense Accounts Pressges Action by Government. SEATTLE. Wash., March 26. (Spe cial.) Unofficial advices were received in Seattle by traffic officials of all lines Tuesday directing that all solici tation of both freight and 'passenger business cease. While the selling divi sion or the trarnc aeparimems nas been exnectinfr this .advice ever since the Government took over the rail ways, it came sooner than had been anticipated, and forces home the fact all lines are now one. The first inkling that the traffic division heard that such a step was contemplated was when individual lines . began cutting off expense ac counts, a numben of these reaching hierher officials. This fund had been gradually built up through force of competition to a considerable annual expenditure, and was necessary tor traveling expenses and costs of enter taining natrons and in getting bus! ness. itallway iraino men reaiizeo. when these elimination orders came through that there would be no more soliciting and that all' companies at last had passed under one management- EXCESS PROFITS TAX IRKS Farmers of Eastern Oregon Sending Complaints to Capitol. earned his title and in favor of ha farmer who purchased title. Internal Revenue Commissioner Rop er said returns must be made accord ing to law, but any farmer feeling he was unjustly taxed will have the right to appeal and show injustice done him. KAISER IS AT ST. QUENTIN "All-Hlgliesf Struts Safely 25 Miles From Present Front. COPENHAGEN, March 26. The cor respondent of the Berlin Vorwaerts at th French front reports that the Ger man Emperor with his staff now is at St. Quentln, approximately 25 miles from the present battle line. The German losses, he adds, though great, have not been so heavy as feared. A great number of tanks were used in the battle, and, he eays, the advance has been made because of excellent leadership and keen preparation. OHEGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash irrlKon, March 26. Farmers of Eastern Oregon are flooding Republican 'Sena tors with complaints about the appli cation of the excess profits tax, and charge that the law, as it Is being administered by deputies of Collector Miller Is working serious discrlmina tion against the homesteader who haa To Break Up a Cold Mrs. William Ackerman, Col linsville, 111., writes: "Chamber lain's Cough Remedy will break up a cold on the lungs the quick est of anything I know of." Dry Problem Cp to Bay State Senate. BOSTON, March 26. The House late today ratified the prohibition amend ment to the Federal Constitution by a vote of 145 to 91. The resolution now goes to the Senate. SCHOOL GIRL TELLS OTHERS How They Can Find Relief From Periodic Sufferings. i Nashua, N. H. " I am nineteen years old and every month for two years I nad sucn pains that I would often faint and have to leave school. I had such pain I did not know what to do with my self and tried so many remedies that were of no use. I read about Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege table Compound in the newspapers and decided to try it. and that is how I found relief from pain and feel bo much better than I use to. When I hear of any girl suffering as I did I tell them how Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound helped me." Ijelina Martin, 29 Bowers St. Nashua, N.H. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com pound, made from native roots and herbs, contains no narcotic or harmful drners. therefore is a perfectly safe rem edy to give your daughter, who suffers from such painful periods as did Miss Martin. The reason so many cnris writ Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn, Mass.. for advice, is because from their 40 years experience they have a store of knowledge which is invariably helpful. (