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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 24, 1917)
5 6 TITE 3IOEXIXG OSEGOXIAX, MONDAY, ' SEPTEMBER 24, 1917. 8 fORTLAND, OKi:(iON. JEnr.red - Portland fOreEon) Poatoffic as f - ..n "S ;ass mail matter. ' iu.'nf'1' rates invariably in advance: " (By Mall. J Ts'!y. fnr.iay included, one year. . . . . . .fe.OO ra::v. Sunay included, six monthj 4.00 Tja:Iy. 6"jma7 included, three months... 2.LT. Xa..:y. Suvday included, one month .73 X.-3KV. wi hout Kunoajr, one ytan ....... S.OO Dailv. w; hout Sunday. s:x riionths . 3.0 pi:y, P-hout Kun-ipy, trSreft month.... 1.75 Dally, without Sunday, one month - ,6' v.'e-k;y, one year , .............. . l.ro gucJdy, or.e year .......... . 2.50 Sunday iQd we, iciy . 3.o (By Carrier.) IafTy, Funday included, one year. . .$9. On Iill.y. fcinday included, one month...... .73 3.i -'. witiout Hunday. one year ....... 7.B0 Tidily, without Sunday, three month.... 1.15 1)3. jy, -without Sunday, one month ...... .65 How to Remit Send postofflce money or er, expr-as onr or personal check on your .local bank. Stamp, coin or currency are at eadei-e nek. Give poatoffic address la full. In :iud:ns county sod state. Pontasje Kate 12 to 16 page. 1 cent: 18 tft jjses. 2 cents: 34 to 48 pases, 3 cents: ht to ' pafres. 4 cents; 6 to 76 pages. 5 cents: 7S to 8 - pages. 6 cents. Foreign post age uouble rates. ( Ksitrrt Bnines Office Verreo ac Conklln. 'nin. i, - r.-.i.rf:ns. ew lorK V erree A 'r:onkiin, fctes- bui.ding, Chicago; Ban Fran- ; isco rp.-cStntAi.ve, it. - ur ,iel street. ' " MEMBER OF THE ' ASSOCIATED PRESS The Anei.ted Press Is exclusively entitled 'to rh- B. fnr rec u duc t ion of all news crdiT-d to It or not otherwise credited In Pper and also the local news puDuanea i! rlrhts off repuDiica'.ioTi or special cus- pa-.rhes fcereln are a:so reserved. WRTtAXD, MOXBW, SEPT. t. 1917. BEGINNINGS or A STATE. The death of tie last surviving r-ember of the convention -which f.-inuvJ the Oretxon state constitution. to-ty years after that memorable pro- ..e'ilng, breaks the final living link of the historical chain leading- from the intense events of early Oregon days to the present time of more, or less matured and settled statehood. To be sure there are numerous other witnesses of the birth of the young state; but there are now none who by their voices and votes helped arrange the affair. We can for the moment think of only a handful among the pio neers now alive who were con spicuous in the critical political struggles that marked the clos ing days of the territory. There was little of novelty about the consti tution, for in form and phraseology it followed closely the organic laws of other states; and in more than one Instance entire clauses and sections w.--, - ----iatgd from other sources change. 'and In a any alteration of of Indiana was the constitution reason was that : the highest de-tion-buildlng at her certain in ial members of e more familiar had come from be determined, that the Oregon thout change of om its adoption own to the year when the voters Vnajorlty decided Ind referendum. f and radical de- thods there has but the will of be amended at etion by a ' ma- there could, un , be no change amendment was successive sessions and later by a electorate. that repeated attempts tween 1858 and 1902 to ranic law, chiefly by the by the women suf group succeeded in Tlslatures to submit t both suffrage and beaten. It was not. easy process of re through tfce inltia- was successful, and eral failures. tate constitution of d no special or dis nt of statesmanship. ss the product of the story of the opted at the height ry excitement a ts impress on every politics. Industry or decided In the glnnings down to Is an Interesting ratic leaders who oiled the conven most part for he President had rr election to the outright Blavery member had, we as a Republican. I the sagacity to ne, . fearing politl- aselves and prob- constitution itself ersies certain to n for Its adoption Mii'Tfople. Therefore, Suiltted separately the question lor or against bisoij -' s gainst admission ot Jiree negroes 10 the state- Those were the Ways of the old Falem clique which dominated the Democratic party in Oregon, and which would brook no interference whatsoever with its rule. Indeed, party regularity was the first and last chapter of the clique's creed. But It saw in the slavery question the seeds of Democratic disintegration, and, at the Democratic territorial convention cf 1857. caused the adoption of this extraordinary resolution: Beeolved. That each member of th Iem svratla party In Oregon may freely speak and ait according- to hist Individual con victions of right and policy upon tha ques tion of slsv-ry tn Oregon, without In any manner tmilrlng his standing- tn tha Dem ocratic party on that account, provided, that nothing In these resolutions shall be construed in toleration of black Republican lm. abolitionism or any other factor or orgsnlzation arrayed la opposition to tbs Xemocratlc party. .'' There was a remarkable tribute delivered with unconscious humor, al though with obvious rancor, to the power of the rising star In the politi cal firmament. It was obvious that the slavery question had not been set t' tied by the Kansas-Nebraska act, which left each territory upon its admission as a state to decide the .natter for itself. It la true. Indeed, that that fateful measure "was ac claimed as a full-bloomed flower of Democratic statesmanship, a definite proclamation of state sovereignty; but the Democrats of Oregon, who had been in uninterruDted control of the territory's affairs, were In deadly fear of the political uotentlalities of slavery, and carefully refrained from taking a rtand on its merits. Yet, after the election of June, 1857. when delegates were elected to the convention, mere was a surprising growth of slavery ertimeit. Four or five of the eight newspapers in Oregon came out with I Y v a. 1 argument either directly or Impliedly for the institution. When the con vention met, however, it was speedily agreed to submit the whole matter separately, and the deliberations of the body were conducted with an ap proach of harmony. The constitution was later adopted by vote 7195 yes: 3215 no: for slavery, 2645: against slavery, 7727; for free negroes, 1081; against, 8640. It is not creditable to. the Intelligence or fair play of the people of Oregon that the latter clause, a survival of old-time prejudice and hate, remains In the constitution, a dead letter, to be sure, but nevertheless a clear pronounce ment of the state against the negro. WOX BY GOING AFTER IT. Establishment of a basic price for wheat at .Pacific Coast ports Is a triumph for justice to the Pacific Coast. The flow of wheat to Chicago will now stop and will take its natural course to the Pacific ports. The ships now available and those which will become available as new vessels are completed will carry it to Europe, and the commerce of Portland and neigh, boring ports will be revived.- By that fact the assumption on which the In terstate Commerce Commission based its recent revision of. rates to. Pacific and lntermountain points Is proved false. As new tonnage is provided the water route between the Pacific and Atlantic coasts -will again come into general use, and the Commission will be driven by its own reasoning to fix rates based on the fact of actual water competition. As the natural effect of disparity tn rates will be to drive traffic to the water, the railroads will find It to their interest to move for revision. This- success should be an Incentive to the people of this section to adopt the same methods for obtaining ad justment of injustices which Wash ington has inflicted on them through ignorance of the facts or through neglect rather than through deliber ate intent. Adjustment of rates should be sought which will give Portland the benefit of the water grade, as against the mountain grades by which Puget. Sound railroads reach the Coast. A concerted effort should be made to end delay in opening water power to development, and to bring about revision of the shipping laws. We have proved that we can get what we -want at Washington when It Is something we ought to have and when we go after it. SYMPATHY FROM AX AXXT. The chapter of the London Times History of the War on "The United States at War" is instructive reading because It gives the view of a calm but sympathetic outsider of the move ments by which a great, peaceful and utterly unprepared nation Is getting ready for war. It tells how slowly and reluctantly we made the transi tion from a mere rupture of diplo matic . relations through armed neu trality and then a "limited liability war" to our present gigantic effort, in which we are striving to throw our entire strength Into the struggle. The historian says that the public took the outbreak of war In "rather perfunctory fashion," and that even after relations were broken "virtually nothing was done In Washington to anticipate the shock," but after April 7 the President "tried to make up for lost time with great energy and wide ness of vision." The coming of the allied missions did much to arouse the people and the Government to do their fujl part If Prussia waa to be de feated. Full credit Is given the Nation for having in six weeks thrown aside a prejudice against conscription -which Britain tool two years to overcome. The other great war measures are reviewed, and though it is said that 'the administrative machinery was working with many groans and Jars." yet "never did a Government show itself more ready to learn and to help," and the President's message to Russia is quoted as proof that "hence forth the great republic was pledged to vindicate her faith with all her mind and with all her strength." After reading this chapter buoyant spread-eagleism is apt to be replaced in the mind of the sober-minded, loyal citizen . by calm recognition of the great labor we have undertaken and of our unreadiness for it, but by stern determination to go through with It In spite of all. SIGNS OF REPENTANCE. Replies of Germany and Austria to Pope Benedict's peace note are re markable for the contrast they pre sent to the attitude of Germany at The Hague conferences, and espe-clail;.- at the opening of the war. Then the Kaiser, and his statesmen set their faces firmly against proposals to limit armaments. Their dogma was: "Might Is right," and they put it in practice by the ultimatum to Serbia and by the Invasion of Bel gium. They openly contemned hu manity by massacres on land and sea, by enslaving and starving conquered peoples, by devastating the country they cannot hold, by bombarding hos pitals and sinking hospital ships, by air raids on undefended towns. They proclaimed their purpose to annex territory in order to make Germany safe and strong by making her neigh bors defenseless and weak, thus trampling on the rights of nations. Now that the war is going decidedly against them, the central powers con cede that "the material power of arms must Be superseded by the moral power of right"; that there must be "simultaneous and reciprocal limita tion of armaments" and "true freedon of the community and the high seas" that "international differences " of opinion" must be decided "by peace ful methods, especially by arbitra tion." and that "Germany has to rely on peaceful intercourse with her neighbors and with distant countries." The nation which three years ago sang "the Hymn of Hate" now wishes that "instead of universal hatred and bat tle a conciliatory fraternal spirit should prevail between nations." But the change Is only outward, springing from a sense of failure, not from a change of spirit. Germany still Jimita her support to "every pro posal compatible with the vital In terest of the German empire and peo ple." and we have learned by experi ence that that phrase Is so elastic as to cover violation of every principle to which Germany now professes al legiance. " The men who make these professions are the same, or at least of the same class, as have practiced and still practice the contrary prin ciples. We cannot believe their con version sincere, for they are bankrupt in credit before the eyes of the world and they do not "bring forth fruits meet for repentance." . They say noth ing of the Pope's proposals for the evacuation of Belgium and France, of the independence and restoration of Belgium. Poland and the Balkan states or of adjustment of territorial questions, "taking Into consideration the aspirations of the peoples." They have not even learned to stutter the word "restoration." What assurance have we that any compact with them, while they had the military power to break it, would be observed? Austria tore up the Berlin treaty, Germany made the Bel gian treaty a scrap of paper, and it is a religious tenet with the Turks that no faith need be kept with infidels. All have thrown oft every restraint of The Hague treaties and the Geneva convention. The words or the signa tures of the present rulers of those countries Is worth nothing so long as they retain power to break faith. If Germany and Austria adhere to their present rulers and form of govern ment, there can be no assurance that they will keep faith until they are de feated beyond denial and until their military power Is reduced beyond the possibility of its ever again becoming a menace to the peace of the world. If the people of those countries should take control of their government, either by deposing these rulers or by forcing them to establish popular rule, the allies would far more readily enter upon peace negotiations, for they would then have the pledges of the peoples In place of the word of faith less arbitrary monarchs. LIGHT TURNED ON SECRET FOES. In laying before -the people docu mentary evidence of German propa ganda, espionage, outrage and treason within the United States, the Govern ment has taken the offensive against the enemy within, as by sending an army to France It has adopted that strategy against the enemy without. Such an offensive is an even more successful defense against the foe at home than against an army in the field. The ability of a domestic enemy to work harm arises from his working in secret, unidentified and popularly supposed to be a gbod citizen. The Government turns the spotlight ol publicity upon him. reveals his Iden tity and the treasonable motive be hind his acts, and thereby destroys his power to work unseen or to delude loyal citizens Into the belief that he Is merely a vocal partisan of Ger many, or that his opposition to the war springs from sincere, abstract pacifism rather than from desire that we shall not make war on Germany.' We know now that the German embassy abused the privileges which international law accords to diplo mats to become the center from which radiated an extensive system of crime In every form against the United States. Knowing that the Hamburg American line's New York office was an adjunct of the German secret serv ice, we have learned to- watch for similar activities from other German centers. We have learned to appraise at its true worth the pretended zeal of certain Irish-American irrecon cilables for Irish freedom, and to rec ognize It as of the same quality as that which used German money to In fluence American opinion against de fense of American rights. Any tolerance we may have felt for Hindu, -Boer and Irish conspirators cannot survive the knowledge that they were mere tools of paid German agents, and that they conspired as readily against the United States as against Great Britain. We know the Inspiration of much Mexican enmity. We recognize the American Truth So ciety as a mere disguised agency for poisoning the American mind with German lies. We know that George Sylvester Viereck was a middleman for the purchase of explosives by Von I gel, the chief director' of munition factory explosions, as well as editor "of a pro-German newspaper. We know the price cf Emerson, Braun and Archibald, who championed the Ger man cause in a pretended altruistic spirit. We have learned not to be too deeply moved by the sufferings of neu trals now that we know. Holland to have been a halfway house for smug gling munitions Into Germany. All of these revelations have taught us to seek the German Inspiration behind every word and act which tends to obstruct the work of war. The German agent could deal frankly with the man who waa frankly pro German or purchasable, but of those whom prejudice has made deaf to the dictates of patriotism he needs but to inflame their dominant passion in order to cause division and consequent weakness In the Nation. He would-fan the zeal of the pacifist, that Germany might pursue the war Industry with success; he would -stir the anti-corporation mania, of Senator La Follette, that the production of munitions might be hampered; he would suggest to that wily old poli tician. Senator Stone, the wisdom of holding the German vote of Missouri; he would show those vociferous friends of the farmer. Senators Reed, Gore and Gronna, how Injurious food control would be to the farmers' In terests; he would seize upon Haywood and the I. W. W. as convenient tools for paralyzing Industry; and he would prompt the labor union leader to in stigate strikes and to reject concilia tion. He would be all things to all men. that he might serve the Kaiser. The Von Igel papers convey a les son to all that, when any policy or course of action Is suggested, they should consider' its effect on our part in the war and should seek the hidden motive behind the suggestion. We need not fear the open enemy; the secret foe in our midst, sailing under false colors. Is more dangerous. By drag ging him into the light and exposing him for what he is. we disarm him and render him powerless. By so doing the Government most effectively combats and destroys the world-wide net of German Intrigue and con spiracy. THE PENDLETON PENT) CI, CM. For the eighth consecutive year Pendleton has held Its Round-up. In those eight years the show has grown from a small, local affair given in a fenced-off street to one of the famous entertainments of the country. From Boston to San Francisco, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf, the Pendle ton Round-up stands supreme and alone In Its class. Other shows of like nature have come and gone, but today there is but one real wild horse Indian show In the country the Pen dleton Round-up. In a case of survival of the fittest there must be a reason for such fit ness. In this Instance It is not diffi cult to discover. The Round-up Is but a flood tide, an overflowing; of the Pendleton spirit, of Pendleton team work, of municipal cooperation. The Pendleton Round-up Is not the business of this man or that man. It is not the business of any groups of men It is the business of every man, woman and child in Pendleton. It knows no faction. Is hampered by no clique, ruled by no ring. It is of the people, for the people and by the people of Pendleton, standing hand in hand, shoulder to shoulder like a well-drilled army. Of course. Till Taylor is the presi-. dent, the general-ln-chief, so to speak. But Till Taylor subordinates himself to the lowliest citizen of the town if It is necessary for the success of the Round-up. He is the titular boss, but an "easy boss," so easy, so silent, so self-effacing that the stranger might think him a man without force. Yet he is a man of steel with a heart of gold, and every citizen obeys his every order." Years ago, when the Round-up was in its making, there were, perhaps, factions in Pendleton. Factions in small cities usually begin with trouble among the banks over the county, city or . other public funds. The leaders of the Pendleton banks held a love feast and agreed to an exact division of all public deposits. Since then neither bank has "stood" for -a can didate they have become far re moved from politics. Through that and similar reasons Pendleton has the two largest and strongest banks in Oregon outside of Portland. . Each has over $3, 000,000 deposits. Their combined deposits were at the last call. September 11, $6,118,229.72. To day they are nearly half a million greater, for the wheat money is just beginning to come In. 1 Perhaps we have thus given the basic reason for the growth of the city, for the success of Its ventures, for its standing among the cities of the state. It was the elimination of political rivalry that brought the banks close to the people, and then the people, headed by the banks, se cured the great Pendleton Woolen Mill, the Eastern Oregon Hospital for the Insane, the Blewett Harvester Company, and many smaller enter prises. So the little city of 44 00 in 1910, the twelfth city In the state, will show an Immense gain by the census of 1920 shows It today. The Pendleton pendulum swings back and forth with rhythm and cer tainty. It does not move with hesi tancy today and acceleration tomor row. Steadily, regularly, propelled by a united,- homogeneous community, it clicks off the seconds of growth, moves the minute hand on a steady round of progress and urges the hour hand aroiand and around in an ever-increasing sweep of prosperity. "How did you get hurt?" the anxious mother of an American soldier recent ly asked a wounded British veteran of Flanders, who Is lecturing In the United States, and his reply, "By not taking proper care of myself," was a comforting assurance to all Ameri can mothers, because It emphasizes the fact that the soldier of today Is being taught to take care of himself first of all, and that by the lessons we have learned from our allies we are going greatly to reduce the mor tality among our forces. It is now being impressed upon the soldier that by risking his life unnecessarily he injures Instead of aids his country, and every resource at the command of the Government Is being employed to conserve man power. The soldier now has 100 chances to one of escaping death in a battle, he has a much bet ter chance of escaping disease, and even when wounded he has a better prospect of "recovery than any fight ing man ever had in the - history of the world. Dr. Karl Armgaard Graves, who has been Interned as the "Kaiser's per sonal spy," Is one of those men who cannot be true to any party. Early in the war he won some notoriety by exposing the spy system of which -he was part. It is inconceivable that Germany would again employ him. At the fifty-sixth annual Oregon State Fair, which opens today, there will be a day for everybody and every body -will have a day. - The big day for Portland will be Thursday, but those who cannot attend will find much on any other day. The main thing is to attend the fair. The New York Evening Post sug gests that, as the American people are proud of their vice of waste, their pride should be used to arouse the opposing vice of parsimony by boast ing of how much money we save. Thus, by aiming at that vice we may attain the virtue of thrift. . In the matter of the Seattle man who seeks a restraining order against another who pays too much attention to his wife, the wonder is he does not try a little of It himself. Neglect Is the great source of marital discord. The Impeached Governor of Texas Is the son of a minister, and It is in order for some one to say "of course," as if the son of any professional man could not do worse. If s a sure thing that if Oregon had not gone "dry" there would ere this be a 6-cent beer.- and the man with too much never would Se able to count his change. . x Woman still marches on to victory. The medical schools of Columbia and Harvard have been opened to woman students, but only because of the war emergency. It is gratifying to learn that a man grew fine potatoes from peelings seed, but It will be noted he says he left a bit 'Of the potato around the eye. Diners out will begin tomorrow to feel the effect of reorganization of gastronomy. The scheme should be taken Into the family as well. If those Americans who want to buy Kamchatka will make- a Summer re sort of It and route patrons through Portland, let them have it. These drafted men are not "making the best of It," as many imagined. They are a healthy, lot of youngsters making the most of It.- The fellow who benight a Govern ment pistol from a soldier and filed off the label willhave a long time in which to learn better. When Colonel Roosevelt gets down to hard work at his desk at Kansas City, the Kaiser may wish he had gone to France. The war in Europe seems to be tilting the rates of alimony. The de mand for $50 a month a while ago is ,100 now. The "occasional rains" forecasted for this week can have the nights; the days belong to the State Fair. Anything that comes up the chute marked "Must Tonight, T. R.," goes In the Star in Kansas City. Well, Portland is on the grain map at the $2.05 mark. How to Keep Well. By Dr. w. A. Evans. Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation and prevention of diseases. If matters of gen eral interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where space will not permit or the subject is not suitable, letters will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and where stamped addressed envelope is Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diag nosis or prescribe for individual diseases. Re quest! for such services cannot be answered. (Copyright, 1916, Dy Dr. W. A. Evans. Published by arraugementwith the Chicago Tribune.) DIET FOR CLCER OP" THE STOMACH. ULCER of the stomach is not a con dition to be trifled wfth. Treat ment should be under the direction of a physician. The proper plan is to be certain of the diagnosis and then to make treatment one's first and only business for a few days or a few weeks. This means either care n a hospital or in. bed under the close scrutiny and control of a physician. But the cure of ulcer of the stomach Is not a matter of days or even weeks. After the affected person leaves the hospital or passes from under the im mediate control of the physician there comes the time when he is himself in charge of the machine even though he jmay report at intervals. He must know what to eat and what not to eat, when to eat, tha why of It, and the danger of recurrence, A person with ulcer of the stomach must eat small simple meals several times a day, certainly not less than five times a day. A certain physician with this trouble carries peanuts in his pocket and eats a few aoout every two and a half hours. They accom plish the purpose with this gentleman, though I think the average man would find peanuts too heavy. Strouse's rules for gastric ulcer pa tients during this posthospital period are: 1. Avoid irregularity of meals. 2. Do not eat late dinners or midnight suppers. S. Do not overeat. 4. Avoid highly seasonedfoods. pickles, pastries, fried foods, raw foods, coarse vegetables or any vegetables not thor oughly cooked and strained, coffee, tea, or alcoholic beverages, acid foods, very hot or very cold foods or beverages. 5. Remember that your diet and your method of living require supervision for many months. Probably II oo it wo no, ' Mrs. F. C. Q. writes: "About six years ago my son began having fever every Summer. I took him North and he was soon all right. When we came South again in August or September he soon was feeling bad again. I was afraid of tuberculosis and had the doctor make another examination, but he said 'noth ing of the kind; let him alone.' I couldn't do that, so wrote to our old doctor and he sent me medicine that helped him. One of the remedies was a worm medicine. He etill has trouble every summer. Would you advise me to have him examined for hookworm or do you call his trouble malaria?" REPLY. . I feel certain the trouble Is not malaria It may be hookworm. The state or city health department wilt examine for hook worm. Or It can be done by any physician who is equipped with a microscope. Not air protracted low fevers are due to hookworm. Many are the result of Infections of lymph glands by -tubercle bacilli or other bacteria. ftnery Answer Q.urry. G. B. writes: "I wish to ask why a person with an Improperly set fracture Is rejected from the Army. The case In question Is a fracture at the elbow of the right arm, making the arm crooked and deformed. What effect would camp life or military drills have on such an arm?" REPLY, How would th man carry his rtfl or dis charge the duties of a soldier? Cause of Heart MurmuTn. J. E. M. writes: "1. What are heart murmurs and what Is the cause of this condition? Is It serious? Can it result from smoking and drinking, or is It a nervous condition? 2. What is the cor rect weight for a man 30 years old, 5 feet 9 inches tall?" REPLY. 1. A heart murmur 1 the result of a leak at a heart orifice. The cause of the murmur may be an Inflammation of a valve. Thla causes th valve to contract o that It does not completely clear the opening. It may be serious Much depends on the con dition of the heart musal. whether It Is strong- enough to do th extra work caused by the leak. It 1 not caused by either smoking, drinking, or a nervoua condition, though these may help to produce symptoms. 2. One hundred fifty-seven pounds. Diet for Sore Stomach, P. B. writes: "1. I am a poor, hard working young man 21 years old. I have been suffering for some time with stomach trouble. Every morning I get a pain in the pit of my stomach, and when I touch my stomach It hurts me. I eat well and have from seven to eight hours' 'sleep every night. My working hours are eight a day. I get very weak and look thin. My eyes are black from weakness. I weigh 124 pounds with my clothes. 2. Would a man be passed for the Army if he has piles? Please help me and tell me what to do." REPLY. 1. It Is possible you can cure your trou ble by changing your eating habits. Go on Karreir milk diet for tour day aix ounce of milk every four hour during the day. No other food). If this doe not relieve the pain you need a diagnosis and treatment Living tn a city ss you do nothing is easier than getting free medical service. Go to any good hospital. 2. Ordinary plies producing no symptoms will not cause one to be rejected. Piles with symptoms may, according to th symptoms. Recently a correspondent wrote to us from Manhattan. Kan., that many per sons who had been vaccinated against typhoid fever had to have .their arms amputated on' account of sores due to the vaccination. I replied stating that I doubted the accuracy of her statement, but that If she would send me the names and addresses of such people I would be glad to Investigate and report publicly. In reply she wrote that the amputa tions had been made at the military camp at Fort Riley, Kan. She gave me no names. I sent her letter to the med ical officers of the camp and asked for details. The following letter is in re ply: "In reply to your letter of August $ I would state that your correspondent has been sadly misinformed in regard to the use of typhoid vaccine at Fort Riley. Thousands of doses have been given and no sueh results as she states have ever occurred. "Very truly yours, W. M. BISPHAM. "Major, Medical Corps, U. S. Army. Commanding- " HIS BOY ENTITLED TO A SMOKE Soldier"; Father Regnto That Son Most FiRht Also for -Cpliftei-a." PORTLAND, Sept. 23. (To the Ed itor.) Th greatest war the world! has ever known is going on now, and al- j most every day we hear or read about j something that "arouses Indignation or appeals to our' sympathlesv and we are 1 deeply touched In our lender spot over the lacerated feelings of the gentle man from "Moro, Or.," Mr. Albert Absher, who is on the ragged edge of spasms because tobacco and cigarettes (especially the latter) are being eent to our soldiers. Now, isn't that really too bad? It's Just awful. To think of his distress caused thereby is enough to draw tears from the eye of a needle. The sufferings of the peoples in France, Belgium. Poland, the Jews and Armenians, do not seem to distress or disturb his equanimity in the least, but that the soldiers In teie oamps and trenches should have the solace of a cigarette is too much for him, aa he Is so anxious their "'efficiency" should be maintained. 4 He says: "It should not be forgotten that there is practically no difference between giving a man '- a drink of whisky and giving him a cigarette, for they both lead in time to the same place." This is Indeed a proposition worthy of its author. He also says: "As -a Nation we are fighting for humanity; then. In God's name, let us keep the worst enemy of humanity from the soldiers." .Now, who Is the "we" of the Nation that la doing the fighting for humanity"! Is It the soldiers who have volunteered and gone to the front willingly to endure the privations and hardship! of a sol dier's life and give their lives In de fense of their country and "humanity," or is It the self-appointed guardians of morality, the slackers and "Abshers" who stay at home to wage war, on cigarettes and "John Barley corn" and regulate the morals of the country In general and the soldiers in particular? No one regrets more than I that we have . had this war forced upon us. We did not seek It, But now that we are Into It, -I am proud of my son who volunteered to do his "bit" In defense of his country and humanity, and I sent him a package of smokes, both tobacco and cigarettes, for which he assured me he was very grateful. Nothing could have been more acceptable. The probabilities are that he will be eent to France In the near future and. pos sibly, I may never see him again, but my greatest regret Is that he and thou sands of others, the prime of our coun try's young manhood, will have to do the fighting and sacrifice their lives for the "Absaers" . who would deprive thoKe who are fighting for them the pleasure of a smoke. W. O. TOUNS. CIGARETTE IS ENEMY OF RACE Camp Engineer Soys Habitual Users Are Not Wanted in the Woods. NASEL. Wash.. Sept. v 22. (To the Editor.) A few years ago I read an editorial In The Oregonian citing the difficulties that the Russians would encounter in trying to Invade East Prussia. The Invasion turned out Just as you prophesied. Various other ar ticles have almost convinced me of your infallibility, but when I read your stand repeatedly taken on the cigarette habit and note your Invitation to con tribute to a cigarette fund, I certainly feel like giving you a swift kick in. the slats. - I nave worked 20 years In the woods on Grays Harbor and In all that time I have never known a good desirable man that waa a habitual cigarette smoker. So well is this aet known that when labor Is abundant many foremen will not hire a cigarette smoker. (Names on request.) I don't need to -consult, a. doctor to know this and the reason "why. When the blood arrives in the lungs it re quires oxygen, not a. narcotic poison. If you don't inhale a cigarette It is less injurious than a pipe. It is the In halation. Get me? Quite recently you and other editors have been commenting - on the de cadence of the Am'erlcan youth as evi denced in physical examinations. The answer is cigarettea It spells the de generacy of the race if it is not headed off. Believe me. it will be a cold day for a cigarette soldier that gets up In front of an Iron Dutchman that has sense enough to breathe air Instead of tobacco smoke. C. D. LLEWELYN. Yarding Engineer, Chambers Camp. POEM DESERVES LASTING PLACE Threnody on Robert J. Barron Com mended by Boston Resident. BOSTON. Mass., Sept. '17. (To the -Editor.) Please convey to "E. H." my profound appreciation of the power and beauty of his poem inspired by the sacrifice of Robert J. Barron. Many of the lines are deathless and, both in nobility of eentim.nt and felicity of language, this poem will take it place among the masterly threnodies of literature. I hope it may have a more per manent form and a more abiding cir culation than the fugitive issues of a daily paper can confer. Its inspir ation should reach our thousands yes, hundreds of thousands of young men, whose potential - heroism may be as real as that which has glorified young Barron s memory. I must add a word of my sincere appreciation of The Oregonian, which, from Intimate acquaintance, I - have come to regard as one - of the few really great papers of our country. A. H. WOODBURY, 66 Beacon street. Zsbeni and Rats. RIDGETFTELD, Wash., Sept. 22. (To the Editor.) Kindly publish the his tory of the "Zabern affair"; also ex planation of the "Rats" cited In Am bassador Gerard's letters. F. W, WOOLLET. The Zabern Incident takes Its name from the town of Zabern, or Baverne, Alsace, where In 1913 the Insolent and brutal attitude of German garrison of ficers toward civilians led to pop ular Indignation meetings In Strass burg and Metx and to antl-mllt-tarist meetings of the Social Dem ocrats. in Berlin. The Reichstag became agitated and the Chancellor was Interpolated on the subject. In the meantime the Minister of War had ob tained the Emperor's instructions to uphold the army without compromise or apology and late in December the Reichstag entered a vote of no confi dence. This raised the further ques tion as to the Reichstag's control of the government and the duty of the Chancellor to resign. As the Conserva tives would not support the Social Democrats and Alsatians the Chancel lor was enabled triumphantly to de clare that his position depended solely upon Imperial prerogative. The trouble was lessened by promises of court martial of the officers Involved In the Zabern trouble and by removal of the garrison to a point 25 miles distant, "Rat," or "rath," as it was formerly spelled, is a German word for council lor. It is a title of honor conferred on one who has attained a certain measure of success In hla business or profession. As it gives . a certain amount of social precedence and is not conferred on anybody who has at any time offended the government, the "rat" system builds up caste and sup presses independent thought and expression Life in the Old Boys Yet. By James Barton Adams. Old comrades of mine, though our heads may be thatched with gray or as bald as the egg of a goose, though grub-grinding ivories may be detached from many jaw sockets or wobbly and loose, though, though the eyes may have lost the bright, glittering light they flashed In the old days of battle. you bet the hearts are yet young In our breasts, and, despite our age, there Is life In the old soldiers yet. All over the scope of this glorious land are veteran soldiers not too old to dare to face any foeman with rifle In hand to keep grand Old Glory afloat In the air. The war fire that's smoldered In every breast since the days since we battled again is aflame as brightly as when at Abe Lincoln's - request in war-eager haste to the colors we came. We envy the boys who are massing today all eager to bind Kaiser Bill to the rack. who are going across the wide ocean to stay till they rip his ambitious de signs up the back. If old Uncle Sam would permit us to come again to the colors there's many a vet who'd prove to him right from the tap of the drum that there's plenty of life in the old fellows yet. They tell us we're near lngr the sounding of taps, and soon the 'last vet must respond to the call and try to Impress the old warrior chaps they soon must slide off this terrestrial ball; but age we don't reckon by years passed away, and we feel in our hearts that the last -earthly debt will not become due for full many a day, for there's oodles of lite in the old youngsters yet. In Other Days. Twenty-Five- Yean Ajro. ' From Th Oregonian September 34, 1897. - Washington. The National woman suffrage nominating convention met here yesterday and nominated Mrs. Vic toria Woodhull Martin for President of the United States, Mrs. Mary Stowe. of California, was nominated for Vice President. Mallcarrler Woodward, whose route la from Seaside to Tillamook, lost his horse last week when, crossing Carney Mountain. The animal lost his footing and fell Into theabyss. Last evening was the time set for the presentation to Colonel C. F. Beebe, Firet Regiment, O. N. O.. of the picture of him made at the expense of Colonel Elliott F. Shepard, of the New York Mail and Express. Colonel Beebe la In the East and for that reason the pres entation, was postponed. James Sudweeks, well-known mining engineer, has made some reports on mineral discoveries tn Malheur County. Among others he reported finding a lot of kaolin, the pure white clay which forms an Important ingredient in the manufacture of porcelain. - C. H. Dodd officiated at the meeting of the general committees of the Blaine Club at the Marquam last: night and plans were made for a torchlight and rocket demonstration and celebra tion October 1. Half a Century Aso. From The Oregonian September 24. 1867. New York. Edwin Booth. while playing the part - of Richard III the other night at Baltimore, cut his hand during a fencing scene. It was thought for a time he would lose bis arm. but he is now considered out of danger. Washing-ton. Grant did not go with the Presidential party to Antietam. where the celebration was held the other day. The reason is he was not invited. The Pioneers beat the Occidentals, of Vancouver, 66 to 22. Saturday. Chicago. This evening the organ of the Administration says that in case of impeachment, no Senator who ex pressed, an opinion beforehand will be allowed to sit In Judgment on Andrew Johnson. Oro Fino Hall was crowded last nrght to hear Senator Williams talk on "Re construction." TAXATION BETTER THAN BONDS Correspondent Suggests That It Leaves No Room for Slackers. . EAGLE CREEK, Or, Sept. 22. (To the Editor.) Your reply to my crit icism of the use of the expression "Putting the burden upon posterity," In connection with the various possi ble means of financing the war, is very fair and . courteous, but I still fail to see how such a thing can be done. Doubtless In the ordinary course of community borrowing, it is entirely possible for, say. Western Oregon to borrow money, and by that means pro cure materials and labor from other localities, which, in time, posterity in Oregon must pay for, rath6r than our selves. Doubtless, also, any expenditure for non-productive uses, or for destructive ends, does in effect impoverish pos terity by the fact that it lessens the quantity of productive capital and "capital goods," as you have so clearly shown. But, In the ordinary local community borrowing, the capital and the mate rial it utilizes tends to be drawn from outside, or from a distant point. If in such a community the labor, mate rials and the money were all assembled from its own resources and there were no outside communities with which any financial dealings could be transacted, then it would be immaterial whether the money was borrowed, raised by taxation or simply subscribed, so far as posterity paying for It la concerned. -If It were borrowed by general pop ular subscriptions, like our liberty bonds, posterity would Blmply have to tax itself to pay itself. If the rich loaned the capital and the poor paid the taxes, it would amount to the poor of future generations taxing themselves to pay the rich of their generation a sum of money which we had decreed they should, rather than tax the wealth of our own time. In any case, we would furnish all the men and mate rial used, the situation being as it is, with the whole outside world prac tically unable to buy our securities, or furnish us any extraordinary sup plies. Since the liberty bonds are principal, ly sold by popular subscription, there can scarcely be an Issue raised that the rich wish to be able to buy the bonds. This they distinctly prefer not to do, as a matter of business, as other investments are so much mora inviting at the present time. Whatever large blocks of bonds are purchased are taken simply as an expression of patriotism. Now if this generation must buy th bonds as a matter of duty, must fur nish all the material, and there is no class issue as to the disposition of these securities, why should not the slack ers, rich or poor, who fall to take their shore, be obliged to do so? In other words, why not conscript them? And the ideal way to do it is by taxa tion is it not? CHESTER L. CHAMBERS. How Word Is Pronounced. PORTLAND, Sept. 23. (To the Edi tor.) We all know how to spell it and what it means, but how. please, is camouflage to be pronounced? INQUIRER. Cam-ou-flazh "a" In both syllables as In "father," "ou" as "oo" in room: "zh" to express the sound of the French "s" Is only approximate. A