12
TIIE MOltXIXG OREGONIAX, FRIDAY JUNE 1. 1917.
PORTLAND. OREGON.
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ket street.
FOBTLASD, FRIDAY, il'KE 1, ' 1917-
DALT AND DISASTER.
Candidate Daly lias long been Iden
tified In Oregon with TTRenism. He
has been one of the public backers of
those dangerous freaks which have
appeared with regularity on the state
ballot and have given Oregon, in spite
of rejection by the voters, a false name
throughout the country as a schemer's
paradise.
In four state elections the name of
Will Daly has appeared regularly In
the Voters' Pamphlet proposing this
or urging that impossible or imprac-
Ticnbln thine.
In 1910 he' advocated proportional
representation. He was one of the
proponents of a Free Official Gazette
and the establishment of an army of
state inspectors. That measure, if It
had not been rejected by the sensible
people of Oregon, would have author
ized this year an expenditure of more
than $300,000, much of which would
ha- e gone into printing. Mr. Daly is
a printer.
In 1912 he was one of the avowed op
ponents of the tax reform programme
prepared by a commission of which
Oswald West, then Governor and now
supporter of Daly for Mayor, was the
head. One object of that commission
was to scotch the single-tax propa
ganda which Daly was fostering to the
detriment of Oregon business and
progress.
In that year Daly's name appeared
in the pamphlet as one opposing re
peal of the county single-tax amend
ment adopted two years previously by
means of a rank poll-tax fraud.
In the same election he opposed ex
emption of household furniture from
taxation, a measure distinctly to the
benefit of the common people. He op
posed an increase in inheritance taxes
and he openly espoused the notorious
graduated single-tax amendment de
feated that year.
As a gentle side issue he advocated
& measure to abolish the State Senate
and establish proportional represen
tation and proxy voting.
In 1914 his name appears in the
pamphlet as one of the proponents of
another TJ'Ken scheme a $1500 tax
exemption.
In 1916 he wrote a letter approving
a vicious, confiscatory single-tax meas
ure which embraced a discriminatory
home-owners' loan plan. This letter
was published over his signature in
the Voters' Pamphlet.
Mr. Daly was a member of the exec
utive committee of the People's Power
League, originally organized to pro
mote progressive legislation, but which,
while he still held that position, be
came the exponent of single tax and
other radical ideas. One of the tenets
of the organization was founded on
the sanctity of the people's will. Until
he got into office, Daly was strong
for the people's rule. Tet twice In his
administration1, when. the people voted
against his policies, he defied them and
attempted to put the rejected policies
into effect.
Mr. Daly stands for all the revolu
tionary isms of the day. He is one of
th clique of dreamers and would-be
lawmakers whose activities have al
ready cost Oregon and Portland mil
lions in 'development and made it in
ferior in prosperity to every adjacent
commonwealth.
Nor are his governmental follies and
his advocacy of confiscation minimized
by even ordinary ability as an execu
tive or business man. He, a printer,
has set up his judgment In opposition
to that of four experienced hydro
electric engineers in a matter involving
an expenditure of millions of dollars.
His own department fell down during
the last silver thaw, and although 3000
idle men were clamoring for work he
permitted snow and slush to stop the
wheels of industry and business. The
blcckade was only lifted by assump
tion of his duties by Commissioner
Baker.
As head of the water bureau, he
has increased the fire risk by refusing
to put in fire hydrants. He has pro
posed expenditure of an enormous sum
for wholly needless water meters. He
has continuously subverted the public
welfare to the interests of class inti
mates. The election of Mr. Daly next Mon
day would be notice that Portland has
turned to radicalism, that the city is
unable to Judge a man by his deeds
and that it is indifferent to the prog
ress that can come only through an
intelligent and high-minded adminis
tration. It would be an irretrievable dis
aster. CUCKOO PATRIOTS.
Those radicals in New York, Seattle
end elsewhere who are opposing the
selective draft, by such underhanded
methods as are within their reach,
quite evidently are unwilling to do
their share of the fighting to protect
the democracy which they claim to
advocate. They are now enjoying the
benefit of every bit of progress that
was wrested from tyrants by the pa
triots of former days,' but they are not
going to do their bit to keep the fires
burning if they can help it. They are
content to reap what others sowed,
tout they will do nothing to make the
world better for posterity.
Their pretense that they oppose con
scription because it Is "undemocratic"
deceives no one. They are simply
slackers, and that is all. They want
all the benefits and none of the re
sponsibilities of free government. They
would participate in the dividends but
pay none of the" assessments. They
are a fine lot of friends to have in time
of need. They are the fair-weather
patriots of our day. . No self-respecting
citizen can have much use for them.
There Is a certain bird that builds no
nest of its own, but deposits its eggs
In the nest of some other smaller bird,
leaving them to be hatched and the
young to be fed by the proper owner
the nest. . It Is curiously interesting
to note that although the egg is very
small for so large a bird, the young
one soon after hatching becomes so
obstreperous that the nest is made un
inhabitable for the true offspring of
its foster parents. Naturalists call
these parasites and rate them rather
low in the scale of bird life.
But we shall not let the cuckoo pa
triots crowd us from our nest. They
will be made to do their rightful share
before we are done with them.
PUTTING SOMETHING OVER.
"We are not asking for a ten-hour
day. nor an eight-hour day, but for
a twelve-hour day," say the two
platoon firemen. "Do you think a
fireman ought, or ought not, to be
permitted to have some of his time
at home with wife and children?"
It Is a persuasive plea. The public
service Is indeed hard on the family
man, if he is a fireman. He has to
spend five days in six on duty. It is
almost as bad as soldiering. We won
der that any fireman stays with so irk
some a Job. Or a soldier. But per
haps a fireman and a soldier feel that
they have duties to perform.
Is the demand for even time at
home, or off duty, the whole substance
of the fireman's contention? It is not.
The two-platoon scheme carries
with it:
(1) Greater expense, at least $171,
000 per annum to the taxpayer.
(2) Control of the department is
largely placed with the firemen, not
with the chiefs.
(3) Salaries are fixed in the bill.
(4) Efficiency will be decreased and
fire hazard increased.
There are other reasons. One might
wish that the firemen, in asking for
off time every day, had not undertaken
at the same time to reorganize the de
partment by making their own rules
and regulations for its administration.
AX INSPIRATION TO THE TOTTO.
Amid the momentous events which
crowd upon our attention from day
to day, let us not forget the martyrdom
of Joseph H. Choate to the cause of
liberty. Loaded with the weight of
his 85 years, he did not flinch from
the exhausting labors of chairman of
the committee to welcome the British
and French commissioners to New
York City. From the morning of May
9 to the morning of May 13 he was
constant in his attention to the Na
tion's guests. Having given up the
last of his failing energies in attend
ing church with Mr. Balfour on Sun
day morning. May 13, he became ill
that afternoon and on Monday night
he passed away.
Having won honors, wealth and
fame as the greatest of American law
yers, he was already an old man when
in 1899 he went to London as Ambas
sador to Great Britain. By his wit,
his genius, his broad sympathy, his
love for democracy and his statesman
ship he did more than any other man
to form those bonds of common pur
pose which have finally drawn to
gether the world's three greatest de
mocracies in a war for the Ideals
which lie at their hearts.
With unerring instinct he saw at the
beginning of the war that the very
existence of human liberty was at
stake and he advocated the enlistment
of the United States in its cause. He
was willing to give his all for that
cause. He said at the reception to
Mr. Balfour on May 12:
Under the guidance of .the President of
our choice at Washington we stand pledged
now before all the world to all the allies
whom we have Joined to carry into this
conquest all that we have, all that we hope
for and all that we ever aspire unto. Today
every young man in America and every old
man. too, is asking. What can I do best to
serve my country?
With pride he hailed his country's
decision, for he said the same evening,
only two days before his death:
We began to hang our heads in shame
until the President gave the final order that
we must go and help them with all the
might we can. For the first time, after
two years and a half, I was able to hold up
my head as high as the weight of 85 years
would allow.
He surely knew that he could not
live to Bee the victory, but when he
parted with Mr. Balfour on that Sun
day morning he looked forward to re
joicing over it in another life, for he
said :
Remember, we shall meet again to cele
brate the victory.
In the same spirit In which Mr.
Choate gave his last days of his long
life to the great cause, should the
young generation be ready to sacrifice
all that they have and all that they
are, in order that their children may
live as free men and free women, citi
zens of a free Nation. His example
should be their inspiration.
CONSIDER THE ONION.
Indictment of eighty-eight alleged
onion speculators in Boston the other
day presents a case of more than ordi
nary moment because it has brought
about exposure of the methods by
which food speculators conduct their
malodorous operations. Boston, It now
appears, was not the only base of op
erations. The game was widely played.
It began as long ago as last October,
and It continued all ' Winter and far
into the Spring. It was shrewdly and
painstakingly manipulated. Consider
able cash was employed, but far less
than the outsider will have supposed.
An outstanding feature of the business
is that the farmers were made unwit
tingly to play into the hands of the
forces that were engaged in cornering
the visible supply.
In the beginning the buyers toured
the onion-growing districts and made
offers to the growers of from 50 cents
to $1 a bushel above the price the
latter had been accustomed to receive.
Contracts were made by which the
farmers were required to keep their
onions in their own cellars until called
for, and cash payments to "bind the
bargain" were made according to in
dividual demands. In many instances
they were small. Not a great amount
of money was required to tie up 4000
carloads in the Connecticut valley
alone, and they were all in the farm
ers' own hands. There were no great
warehouses filled with them and no
storage and insurance bills to pay. But
some of the farmers had refused to
sell at first, and they were won by
offers of higher and higher prices. The
cap sheaf was put on the whole deal
when a final offer of $5 a bushel se
cured practically the final remnant of
the existing supply.
As to what has followed in the coun
try at large the public is generally in
formed. Buyers began to transfer
their contracts for the stocks, still in
the farmers' cellars, at advancing
prices, which continued to rise until,
in some instances they reached $18 a
bag. There were few sales at these
prices, but they helped to fix the price
within a short distance of these
amounts for actual transactions. There
entered Into the market also a minor
faction of buyers who will pay almost
any price, provided credit is extended
These were encouraged to an extent
just sufficient to keej the price etan
dard up. Credit sales established a
market as much as if they had been
on a cash basis. It must be kept in
mind that in all of this manipulation
the grower got no benefit. The food
schemers got more than twice as much
as the farmers, on the average, and
had none of the work of planting, har
vesting and storing the crop.
The extent to which speculation, and
not the law of supply and demand. Is
responsible for the high prices " of
food, especially perishable products, is
shown in the case of the onion, which
we are now considering, and which
takes added weight from the fact that
it is typical. If it were a mere matter
of holding by the grower for the high
est possible price, there would be less
in the transaction to infuriate the pub
lic. The consumer would at least have
the satisfaction of knowing that the
farmers were receiving some recom
pense for their lean years. But the
reward of mere cunning has been
clearly out of all proportion to its
deserts.
It will be the task of our food dic
tator to see that this feature is elimi
nated. Only a beginning has been
made by the Massachusetts indict
ments. The schemers must be scotched
wherever they are found, and such an
example made of them. If they are
found guilty, as will be a terror to
these evildoers from one end of the
country to the other.
TRAVEL BY AIRCRAFT.
Travel by air promises to become as
common as travel by steam has be
come in the last century, when the
world settles down again. If our hopes
that peace will be so firmly established
as to be followed by a general reduc
tion of armaments should be realized,
every Important nation will have great
numbers of airplanes and airships for
which It will have no further military
use, and will release from Its service
numbers of expert airmen. Manufac
ture of aircraft has made much prog
ress, and machines can be turned out
In quantities and at prices which were
not thought possible a few years ago.
The manufacturers will naturally try
to develop a market for their product,
that they may keep their plants busy.
There will be many Inducements to
promote use of aircraft in travel and
transportation.
The progress made in the art of
aviation is indicated by the wonderful
feats that are daily reported to have
been performed by airmen in France.
Compared with these men, those who
figured In the first tournaments were
mere bunglers. Many of the prob
lems which puzzled the pioneers have
been solved, and men now think no
more of going In the air than the aver
age man thinks of riding in his auto
mobile. The distance which can be
covered in a single flight Is indicated
by the flight of five persons on a Brit
ish biplane from London to Home with
only three stops. Such flights may
soon become so common as to provoke
no more comment than an auto trip
across the continent.
Air travel promises to surpass the
fastest express train In speed and con
sequently in economy of time. Lord
Montague estimates that the journey
from Delhi, India, to London will be
made in four days. It eliminates all
the dangers of the sea and the toil
some climbing of mountains or cross
ing of deserts. It will give secrecy, for
diplomat will be able to fly from
Petrograd to Washington at some fu
ture time unknown to statesmen in
any country over which he flies. Mail
will be so expedited as to supplant the
cable and telegraph for transmission
of long, public documents. Business
will be speeded up, for drafts, checks
and other papers will be transported
In brief time. Many objections will
be removed from, and new delights
added to, travel for pleasure, for the
tourist will be able to. soar direct to
the spot selected for a vacation with
out the vexations of railroad and
steamer travel and transfer. A rush of
military aviators into flying as a busi
ness is one of the probabilities, and
every man and woman will seek an
instructor In the art. 4
SOCIALIST TERMS OF PEACE.
The pro-German impulse behind the
anti-war and anti-conscription Social
ist agitation which extends from Rus
sia to the United States is plainly re
vealed by the peace programme which
the German and Austrian delegates
will submit to the Stockholm confer
ence. They construe "no annexations'
to mean that Germany and Austria are
to retain all the territory those des.
potisms had won by conquest before
the present war In defiance of the
principle of national right for which
the allies are fighting. With them "no
indemnities" would forbid reparation
and restitution to Belgium and Serbia,
which were lawlessly despoiled by the
central empires; or to France, whose
territory has been laid waste and
whose people have been slain or en
slaved In defiance of all law and of
humanity; or to those nations whose
ships have been sunk and whose citi
zens have been massacred with equal
barbarism.
Austria is to hold her Slav subjects.
only giving them autonomy under
Hapsburg rule, though the allies would
unite them with their kindred in In
dependent Serbia, Poland and Rou
mania and would make Bohemia free.
Russia is to give up Finland and Po
land, but the Poles of Galicia are to
remain tinder Austrian rule and those
of Posen and Pomeranla under Ger
man rule, and the central empires are
to arrange the future of the mutilated
half of Poland which is to become
nominally independent. The Balkan
states are to be thrown into a Kil
kenny cat fight to settle their own
affairs.
These are such terms as the Kaiser
might be expected to dictate on the
basis of the present military map after
realizing that any change which could
possibly be made by force of arms
would be to his loss. They violate the
principles of nationality, no annexa
tions and no indemnities which Presi
dent Wilson has laid down as the only
foundation on which permanent peace
can possibly be established. Those
principles demand that Germany give
up the Danish, French and Polish ter
ritory which she has annexed by force
as well as that which is now occupied
by German armies; that Galicia be
joined to a free Poland, the southern
Slavs to a free Serbia, the Roumanians
of Transylvania and Bukowina to In
dependent Roumanla, and the Italians
of Trentlno, I stria and Dalmatia to
free Italy. The Austro-German Social
ists do not propose any of these things.
A victorious nation exacts a war in
demnity in order to compel the de
feated nation to pay the cost of the
war to the victor, on the theory that
victory sustains the claim of the victor
that he was right as to the merits of
the quarrel. That was the theory on
which Germany exacted a $1,000,000,
000 indemnity from France in 1871.
although history proves that Bismarck
diplomatically maneuvered France into
a declaration of war, Reason and
justice would limit President Wilson's
renunciation of Indemnities to exac
tions of this kind. The same prin
ciples, however, demand that Germany
and Austria be compelled to pay the
entire cost of repairing the ruin they
have wrought, especially in Belgium,
Serbia and France, in defiance of in
ternational law.
Those countries should in Justice be
compelled to compensate the families
of all civilians whom they have slain.
starved, outraged or enslaved. They
should be compelled to pay for every
ship and every cargo, of either a bel
ligerent or a neutral nation which they
hav-3 lawlessly sunk and to pay com
pensation for every seaman and every
passenger whom they have killed at
sea in defiance of law. The United
States does not propose to compel Ger
many to pay its war expenses, great as
they will be, for they may be compared
to the cost of capturing a criminal and
bringing him to justice, but it can
hardly have been in Mr. Wilson's mind
not to force the central empires to
make reparation to those whom they
have wronged.
The Austro-German Socialists pro
pose in effect that Germany shall re
tain all the plunder of all her pred
atory wars from the partition of Po
land down to the present day, and that
Austria retain all that has been ac
quired through the whole career of
aggrandizement of the Hapsburg dy
nasty. They are false to the prin
ciples which they profess and are open
foes of those principles of democracy
for which the leagued democracies of
the world are fighting. They are mere
tools of the Kaisers, who use them to
retain by intrigue that which they
cannot hold by force.
This peace programme exposes the
Socialists in the United States who
oppose war and resist conscription in
their true colors. They are traitors
to their country, for they are working
in the cause of Kalserism against
which this country fights. Their de
votion to peace is a sham, for they
serve the interests of those autocrats
without whose defeat peace is impos
sible. They have abandoned their
ideal of internationalism, for they give
aid to nations which strive by force to
make themselves supreme over other
nations. Their professed antagonism,
to capitalism is a fraud, for they sup
port a system in which capitalism In
its perfect development is allied with
aristocracy and autocracy for the eco
nomic conquest of the world a sys
tem which drives starving, striking
workmen back to the factories with
machine guns.
The United States is in danger of
being embarrassed with too many
allies, for every ally wants a loan.
Representative Slayden expressed ap
prehension to this effect in the House.
and remarked that within forty-eight
hours after Liberia declared war on
Germany its sole representative in this
country, the Consul at Baltimore,
turned up at the State Department
and asked for a loan. If the United
States were to lend money to all the
little countries on condition that they
raise armies to be placed under com
mand of the American Commander in
Chief in France, what a motley fol
lowing he would have, hailing all the
way from Guatemala to Liberia. The
Kaiser would have visions of a red.
black and brown as well as a yellow
peril.
Apparently the only terms on which
the United States can ask Switzerland
to sell no food to Germany are that
we shall supply the mountain republic
with steel, coal and other commodities
as well, in order that it may not be
under the necessity of buying these
commodities from Germany. Uncle
Sam is developing into purveyor for
the world.
It is important, as Mr.
Sinnott points
be classed as
out, that apples should
food. They are good
but we shall not press
view of the tendency to
coming under the latter
medicine, too.
that point, in
tax substances
heading.
There is no alternative of a fine for
falling to register next Tuesday, and
it will be well to bear tn mind, also,
that there is no provision for sus
pended sentence, or parole, or chicken
dinners in Jail.
The proposal to send professors with
military organizations, that students
who enlist may continue their studies.
Is absurd. The youth In the service
will not have time for much but
tactics.
In the work of the railroad division
we are about to send to France, the
man whose aim is true with the spike
maul will be as valuable in his way
as the expert rifleman.
The scheme to sow large crops of
turnips, owing to the lateness of the
season for other crops, would be all
right If the people could be convinced
that turnips are food.
Nineteen thousand feet high is close
to four miles. Fighting at that altl
tude must be exhilarating, but it's safer
to do it at sea. A man is whole when
he touches bottom.
If the draft law violates the amend
ment that freed the negroes, well and
good. Let the negroes be exempt, and
they will volunteer and shame the
white dodgers.
Villa certainly understands the ins
and outs of getting publicity. He gets
more space by timing his raid for the
lull in the allies' operations on the
western front.
Australia reduces the height limit to
5 feet 2 inches and will get good fight
ers. The lanky fellows are the best
runners, but the little men miss the
most bullets.
Between the food speculators and
those other enemies of their country
who refuse to register, the Federal
grand Jury Is going to have & busy
session.
In opposing conscription, Seattle
"labor" is not the whole thing. Labor
circles generally approve the plan to
get the slackers.
There is a wide difference between
being in clover and eating clover, as
anyone who has tried both knows.
The Poles want a free outlet to the
sea, but they will wait a long time for
the Kaiser to give it to them.
The married "man denied a second
and a third choice can work off his
grouch election day.
There Is still a chance to make the
liberty bond one of the ten best sellers.
Hulet M. Wells must be put on ice
for the Summer, - He naars sedition,
How to Keep Well
By Dr. W. Aa Evas.
Questions pertinent to ayglene, aanltatlon
and prevention of disease. If matters of gen
eral interest, will be answered tn this col
umn. Where space will not permit or tne
subject is not suitable letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped addressed envelope
Is inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagnosis
or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re
quests for such services cannot be answered.
(Copyright. 1916. by Dr. W. A.. Evan..
Published by arrangement with ths Chicago
Tribune.)
VACATION CAMPS FOR BOYS.
DR. J. MADISON TAYLOR, of Phila
delphia, proposes vacation camps
for all boys as a means of preparation
for life work. His plan provides for
vacation camps to be . established by
the school authorities. To theae camps
are to be sent all boys in the last three
years of the grammar schools. The
boys are to spend two months each
Summer in these camps. Each boy,
therefore, would have six months' life
In camp as part of his education.
The time is to be spent. In the first
place, in the open air. This will mean
a gain in health and tn equipping with
virility and strength of body. The boys
are to be directed In such physical ex
ercise and work as will make for posi
tive health.
They will engage In all manner of
primitive competitions which games.
sports and disciplinary drills will fur
nish, through wholesome co-operation
in team work, making advantageous
use of the gang spirit. Dr. Taylor says:
Every normal boy is equipped wltn
an inherent quality of excess of energy.
called adolescent prepotency, which
drives him to do more than he ordi
narily has the chance of doing or doing
safely. This over-energy. If checked,
will often push him to do many things
which may seem foolish or wrong to
his elders. This Is merely good power
In him going to waste.
'This dynamic Is of Incalculable use.
If only It be directed Into right chan
nels, conserved and trained to useful
ends. It Is a priceless agency and de
serves the utmost respect, encourage
ment and shaping; for so Is the work
of the world well done or 111 done."
Life tn the vacation camps will give
an opportunity to mold this force into
lines that make it serviceable for so
ciety. Among the qualities that will
be developed by life In vacation camps
will be that of leadership. It will be
get self-reliance and initiative.
Camp life will offer an opportunity
for some training in swimming. In
climbing trees, in rowing, tracking
animals, finding one's way through the
woods, first aid to the injured, cooking.
campmaking, bedmaking. sanitation
and hygiene.
The plan takes the boys off the
streets and lessens temptations during
two months of the year. Perhaps it
does some service in taking them from
the monotony of home. Adults need va
cations from home and work for the
change they bring. Why not children
also?
And all this is to be accomplished
through that most effective of educa
tional forces play.
Chronic Phthisis.
W. E. II. writes: "About 10 years ago
I was taken with pleurisy, which after
ward developed Into a cough, and I
began spitting from my right lung.
Doctors said consumption and advised
going to Arizona. I went and stayed
two years: got no relief. Have been
back some Ave years. My coughing and
expectorations continue. They are a
thick slime and possibly half a pint in
24 hours. Never any blood.
"I think my right lung is almost
gone. Am short of breath at times. My
appetite Is good generally, sleep well.
general health otherwise good. Have
but little strength. My weight Is about
35 pounds below normal.
Now, what are my chances? Left
lung apparently all right. Am 60 years
old. Will that stump of lung left heal,
or is it a case for the undertaker? Tour
opinion will be appreciated."
REPLY.
Tour chance of recovery is slight. Tour
chance of living some time is good. Tour
disease has probably settled down into a
chronlo phthisis, which disease in a favor
able climate may continue for years. Be
very careful of your sputum, Tou are high
ly infective.
Itching Between Tors,
R. G. writes: "I am a girl 16 years
of age. For the last year or two I
have been troubled with a burning and
itching feeling in my feet. Between my
small toe and the one beside It there Is
no skin. I have used .various powders
without apparent results. What is the
cause of this and what can be done to
relieve this pain?"
REPLY.
Wear loose shoes and light stockings.
Wash your feet each night. If the space be
tween your toes is very raw. clean It with
grease until the rawness has subsided. Af
ter that use water and soap. After washing
thoroughly dust with any dusting powder.
Thts form of ecsema generally yields to a
dally foot bath.
A Prophetess of Evil.
Y". S. T. writes: "During the last
seven years I have had various opera
tions, all pertaining to the same in
Jury. Two years ago, owing to a preg
nancy developed In the vel tubes, there
was a compete hysterectomy. I have
live grown children and have never en-
Joyed as good health In all my married
life as at the present time. I am 35
years old. Recently one of these
'knowing ladles' prophesied that owing
to this operation I would have prema
ture change of life, also death. Very
pleasant, as I am self-supporting and
have five dependents. My doctor la out
of town and I would feel silly to con
sult a stranger peresonally. Now. are
my chanoes as good as a married wom
an to live past that trying period?"
REPLY.
As you have not yet passed through the
change of Ufa I Judge your overles were not
removed. The probability Is that you will
pas sthrough change of life about as the
average woman does. Tou ought to outlive
the prophetess. That would satisfy most
people.
Nicknames of Nations.
FAIRVIEW, Or.. May 30. (To the
Editor.) Kindly explain, to settle an
argument, the origin and meaning of
the names "Uncle Sam." as applied to
the United States. "John Bull." as ap
plied to Briton, "Hun," as applied to
Germany. DIPLOCK WARD.
"Uncle Sam" Is generally supposed
to be a Jocular extension of the Initials
"U. S.." designating the United States.
One story, which lacks proof, is that
In 1812 someone when asked what "U.
B." marked on barrels and casks meant,
facetiously replied that they referred
to "Uncle Sam." or Samuel Wilson, who
was a contractor or inspector of Troy,
N. T.
"John Bull" was first used In' a satire
by Dr. John Arbuthnot. One of the
characters. John Bull. Is regarded as
endowed with the characteristics of the
typical Englishman.
Both the foregoing are good-natured
nicknames. Of similar application Is
"Deutscher Michel." often applied to
the German people. The name "Mi
chel" is used in Germany to designate
any simple, uncultured countryman. A
satirical name, "Bodies." has later
been coined and applied to the German
soldiers. Its meaning Is blockhead.
"Hun" Is an opprobrious epithet applied
to the Germans In consequence of the
ruthlessness of their warfare, which
was the characteristic of the Huns, a
barbarous Asiatic people of antiquity.
5IR. GREEN OX MILITARY NEEDS
Secretary of War Wrosg AVe Most
Have Market Not Tkroigk Roads.
MELROSE. Or.. May 31. (To the
Editor.) May 23 you addressed some
questions to Mr. Brown and Mr. Spence
relative to the road bond Issue that
slams the patriotism of every voter in
Oregon who does not agree with you
regarding It. I am a common farmer
and not up on Al English, but I am
just as patriotic as the editor of The
Oregonion or anyone else favoring a
rich man's pleasure road at the expense
of Oregon motorists, yet I am abso
lutely opposed to the issuance of those
bonds.
You say: "A vote against the road
bonds Is a vote to hamper President
Wilson and the United States Govern
ment In the conflict with Germany."
And basing the whole question on your
opinion in the case. Infer that those
who differ with you will be voting to
sustain Kalserism. Six million dollars
or any other sum assessed against a
certain class of our citizens for road
building purposes rs In our opinion un
constitutional, and we believe will be
so declared by the courts before this
question is finally settled. In case the
bonds carry, the sum voted will hardly
make a beginning where will the bal
ance come from?
Further, in case our conflict with
Germany assumes the proportions it
has with the other belligerents, Ore
gon's motor vehicle owners will be In
no position to pay those bonds. In
which cast who would pay them? It
is altogether probable that whatever
movement of troops or other resources
of war are necessary through this
Coast country during the fight with
Germany, will be made over the South
ern Pacific and other railroads. Should
these roads fall into the hands of the
enemy so would your Pacific Highway.
The greatest help we can render to
the Government Is a maximum of crops
delivered to the railroads at a mini
mum of expense, and this can be best
done by Improving the roads from the
producer to his market town on the
railroad.
I stand with Mr. Spence and Mr.
Brown, and am doing my patriotic duty
to the best of my knowledge and belief
in opposing that road bond Issue.
GUY M. GREEN.
Mr. Green's quarrel Is with the Sec
retary of War and the Council of Na
tional Defense, who urge through,
hard-surface roads In Oregon rather
than laterals.
If Mr. Green and Mr. Spence and Mr.
Brown know more about military needs
than do the men high In National coun
cils, why, the country has-unfortunately
placed Its affairs In the wrong hands.
It Is, Indeed, a National calamity, and
we are in for a long and expensive
war.
LITTLE FARMING LAND IX GRANT
Native of Southern Oregon See No His:
Thine for Settlers.
RIDGEFIELD. Wash., May 30. (To
the Editor.) A great deal is being said
and written regarding the Oregon oc
California lands. Some of the newspa
pers state that there will be tens of
thousands of acres; that a new empire
will be opened to settlers!
In justice to would-be locators, I wish
to state that said lands have been
greatly exaggerated. I was born and
resided the greater part of my life in
Douglas County, Oregon, and am thor
oughly acquainted with the railroad
lands, especially in Douglas, Josephine
and Jackson counties. There Is very
little agricultural land in the railroad
grant. The lands In question are valu
able for timber only. There are loo
lated tracts back from the line of rail
road some miles where one could lo
cate and take care of a few head Of
livestock, and secure 10 to 12 acres to
raise hay on.
Last Fall I met and talked with
some of the Government men who had
been classifying the lands In Jackson
and Josephine counties, and they In
formed me that of the several. thousand
acres that they had been over, they
had seen only three or four that they
considered a man could make a living
on. I personally know several persons
who abandoned mountain ranches when
the classification was made last Au
tumn, as they learned that they would
be compelled to reside on the land
from three to five years and pay $2.50
oer acre to Uncle Sam.
Had the much-condemned Bean bill
been voted on by the people. It Is my
oDinlon It would have carried by
large majority. If the railroad com
pany had been compelled to place the
small holdings of agricultural lands
and pasture or grazing lands on the
market at $2.50 an acre, and have been
allowed to retain their brush atone
and timber, then the various counties
along the line or the railroad wouia
have been benefited In the way of taxes
for schools and roads.
Lk U. ft;K.Ulfci.
PORT STANDING WOITD BE HURT
Harm Seen In Ship Merger hy Greater
Portland Association.
PORTLAND. May 31. (To the . Ed
itor.) Opposing as wo do any step
tending to Jeopardise the standing of
u.a Columbia River as a desirable port
of entry or any step having for its ob
ject reduction of transportation facili
ties between our river and otner oaai
cities. It la our desire to go on record
as objecting to and protesting against
the contemplated withdrawal by the
owners thereof of the steamships Great
Northern and Northern Paclne.
Aside from the fact that this action
would be a tremendous blow to the
Columbia River as a port desirable for
large vessels, it would materially low
er the standard of passenger transpor
tation facilities between Columbia
River ports and San Francisco.
Hundreds of people pass through our
state en route to San Francisco via
these magnificent steamers and their
withdrawal would materially lessen
tourist travel by this at present enjoy
able route.
GREATER PORTLAND ASSOCIATION.
BY F. N. CLARK.. President.
Give Soldiers Hide.
PORTLAND. May 31. (To the Edi
tor.) I am one of the enlisted men In
camp at the Lewis and Clark Fair
grounds and. In common with all of the
boys encamped there, have occasion to
go downtown whenever 1 have leave
of absence.
Many of the boys are In the same
predicament as myself In that they do
not have any too much spending money,
and the matter of carfares la quite an
item and It Is obligatory for some to
walk both to and from town.
It Is frequently the case that auto
lsts with empty cars go by us by the
dozen, headed for our destination, and
It la a very rare Instance when any of
us are asked to ride.
The writer feels that If the attention
of autolsts generally were called to
this matter they would be disposed, to
say to us, "Going downtown, boys?
If so. Jump In."
I am sura that this little courtesy
would be generally appreciated by
those who have been called in defense
of the country.
ONE OF THE BOYS.
Those Who Must Register.
PORTLAND, May 31. (To the Ed
itor.) Please inform me if a man who
was born on January 15, 1887, has to
register; also the time inside which
the men who must register (21-30, In
clusive) were born.
JIM BANDEY.
Men born on June 6, 1887, or after
that, to and including June 6, 1896,
must register.
America's Defense of Inter
national Right.
By Roland G. liter, of the Vlaxl
1 antes. Author of "Pan-Germanism
snd "Tse Challenge of the
Katnre."
The United States has entered the
war with the full realization that the
existence of a new International order
after the war depends very largely
upon the part which this country shall
play In the war.
Not our words, but our deeds, are Im
portant. Tii international council has hither
to as a matter of fact been controlled
by the great European powers. Its de
cisions have been based primarily upon
European policies. The reason has been
that there was, outside of Europe, no
power which could In definite fact com
pare In military, naval and economic
force with the greater European pow
ers. Whatever we may call Internation
al relationship, no government truly
International can exist until there is at
least one non-European power admit
tedly the equal of any of the great Eu
ropean powers themselves.
This must be a question of fact and
not of theory.
This non-European power need not
have the greatest army, nor the great
est navy, but It roust possess striking
force and Industrial organization capa
ble of Immediate utilization. Its actual
resources available at any moment
must be such as to cause all European
powers to feel that no decision can be
reached upon any International ques
tion without consulting this non-Euro
pean power, until such a power shall
actually exist a new International or
der, actually as well as theoretically
International, will remain a desirabil
ity and not a fact.
The United States muse become that
power.
In the Interest of tb rest of the
world and of the neutral states in Eu
rope the United States must become the
one great non-European power which
must be consulted upon every Inter
national decision of the slightest con
sequence. The duty of the United
States therefore in the defense of in
ternational right. In the Interest of In
ternational organisation at the close of
the war. Is the prosecution of the war
In real earnest and the organization of
this country's potential force In such
fashion that It can never again think-
ably be disregarded.
The part we play In the war will,
more than any other one thing, decide
the relationship of the United States to
Europe In the future. Upon the reality
of our international status, moreover.
will depend the character of the new
International government which will
certainly be formed at the close of this
war. If at the end of It the really
great forces In the world are all Euro
pean, that government will not be truly
international. If at the end of It the
United States shall have achieved an
actual equality In organization with
the greatest powers of Europe. Inter
national organization will be a fact,
congress or no congress, theories or no
therlea, codes or no codes.
Facta are facts and we have It now
tn our power to make a new Interna
tional fact. We may rejoice that In
achieving this fact we shall achieve It
literally more In the Interests of others
than in our own.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years Ago.
From The Oregonlan of Juno 1. 1893.
Portland has only one warship in her
harbor now. The cruiser Baltimore
weighed anchor yesterday morning and
sailed for Puget Sound. It Is possible
that the Charleston will remain here
several days yet.
The following arranged In the order
of merit are the names of the individ
uals composing the graduating class of
the law school for the present year:
Daniel J. Malarkey. John W. Gwllt.
John F. Logan, Charles H. Chance. Rod
ney L. Gllsan, W. A- M. Jones, Reginald
W. Thompson. Russell E. Sewall. George
C. Stout, Thomas G. Greene, Austin F.
Flegel, Valentine Brown, Clarence W.
Avery, James M. Hughes. James R.
Greenfield. William H. Smith. Charles
A. Showers, Henry Stanislawsky and
Milton G. Butterfield.
The Naval Reserve Association and
the Marine Band gave a complimentary
excursion last night to the officers of
the cruiser Charleston, members of the
General Assembly. Colonel T. M. An
derson. United States Army, and staff;
and Colonel C. F. Beebe. Oregon Na
tional Guard, and staff. The steamer
Harvest Queen was chartered for tho
occasion and the excursionists, num
bering nearly 400, were taken to tho
Willamette Falls.
Washington. D. C. "Mr. Blaine will
write another letter. He will again de
cline to allow his name to go before ths
Minneapolis convention." So said Major
Dan Ransdall, marshal of the District
of Columbia, today.
N
L.n n o n The House of Commons to
day took the unprecedented course of
refusing to adjourn over Derby day.
Fifty Tears Aaro.
From Tho Oregonlan of June 1. 1887.
Kingston. Canada. A crowd assem
bled on the wharf today to see Jeff
Davis, who was on a steamer bound to
Toronto.
New York. N. T. Captain Howard, of
the Revenue Service, is preparing a
force for Russian-America and will
leave In a few days. Only necessary
supplies will be permitted to enter ths
domain until Congress legislates on ths
subject. Whisky Is to ba excluded.
Chicago. 111. Senator Wade and a
party of prominent man will reach Chi
cago tomorrow for Omaha to have a
grand buffalo hunt on the plains.
New York, N. T. Sumner In his Rus.
slan peaea treaty says the Indians are
savage and the Interior. tribes are re
ported to be guilty of cannibalism. It
Is said gold has been found In three dif
ferent localities. Sumner proposes to
name the territory Allaska-
Fort Smith. Ark. The Interpreter for
the Comanches arrived today and re
ports 5000 Indians on the warpath.
Boston, Mass. The Government has
decided to abandon the charge of mur
der In the case of Surrett and have him
Indicted for treason and conspiracy at
the June term of the criminal court.
Farmer Asks Abont Drsft.
SALEM. Or.. May 80. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Kindly inform me whether
a young man of military age who for 12
years has been superintendent of a
iarga farm and Is working and needed
badly each day will be drafted Into
service under the conscription law? (2)
How soon after registration can one
tell whether farmers will be exempt?
APPRECIATIVE READER.
(1) The young man In question will
have full opportunity for a hearing be
fore the proper military officials, when
he can state his case in full. (3) The
time Is indefinite.
Wreck on Great Lakes.
VANCOUVER. Wash.. May 30. (To
the Editor.) In what year was a
steamer Alpina or Alpine sunk In the
Great Lakes? It must have been some
where near 35 years ago, some time in
February. A READER.
This shipwreck is not mentioned la
available records. Send your inquiry
to the Marine Review, Cleveland, Ohio,