12 TIIE MOltXIXG OREGONIAX, FRIDAY JUNE 1. 1917. PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered t Portland (Oregon) Postoffice aa second -class matl matter. Eubscriptlon rate Invariably tn advance: (By MalL) Pally, Sunday Included, one year. . . Daily, Sunday included, six months. . XJally, Sunday Included, three months Ially, Sunday Included, one month... Ually, without Sunday, one year Daily, without Sunday, three months. lally. without Sunday, one month... Weekly, one year Sunday, one year. - Sunday and Weekly (By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday Included, one year. . . . , laily. Sunday Included, one month. . 8.00 4.25 2.25 .75 6.00 1.75 .60 1.60 2.50 3.50 9.00 .7 How to Remit Send postoffice money or der, expreaa order or personal check; on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postoffice address In lull. Including; county and state. Postage Kate 12 to 1 pages, 1 cent: 18 to 32 pages, 2 cents; 84 to 48 page 3 cents. 60 to 80 pages. 4 cents: 62 to 76 paM, S cents: 78 to 82 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree Conlclin. Brunswick building, New York: Verree Conklln. Steger building, Chicago: 6an i ran clsco representative, K. J. Bldwell. 742 Mar ket street. FOBTLASD, FRIDAY, il'KE 1, ' 1917- DALT AND DISASTER. Candidate Daly lias long been Iden tified In Oregon with TTRenism. He has been one of the public backers of those dangerous freaks which have appeared with regularity on the state ballot and have given Oregon, in spite of rejection by the voters, a false name throughout the country as a schemer's paradise. In four state elections the name of Will Daly has appeared regularly In the Voters' Pamphlet proposing this or urging that impossible or imprac- Ticnbln thine. In 1910 he' advocated proportional representation. He was one of the proponents of a Free Official Gazette and the establishment of an army of state inspectors. That measure, if It had not been rejected by the sensible people of Oregon, would have author ized this year an expenditure of more than $300,000, much of which would ha- e gone into printing. Mr. Daly is a printer. In 1912 he was one of the avowed op ponents of the tax reform programme prepared by a commission of which Oswald West, then Governor and now supporter of Daly for Mayor, was the head. One object of that commission was to scotch the single-tax propa ganda which Daly was fostering to the detriment of Oregon business and progress. In that year Daly's name appeared in the pamphlet as one opposing re peal of the county single-tax amend ment adopted two years previously by means of a rank poll-tax fraud. In the same election he opposed ex emption of household furniture from taxation, a measure distinctly to the benefit of the common people. He op posed an increase in inheritance taxes and he openly espoused the notorious graduated single-tax amendment de feated that year. As a gentle side issue he advocated & measure to abolish the State Senate and establish proportional represen tation and proxy voting. In 1914 his name appears in the pamphlet as one of the proponents of another TJ'Ken scheme a $1500 tax exemption. In 1916 he wrote a letter approving a vicious, confiscatory single-tax meas ure which embraced a discriminatory home-owners' loan plan. This letter was published over his signature in the Voters' Pamphlet. Mr. Daly was a member of the exec utive committee of the People's Power League, originally organized to pro mote progressive legislation, but which, while he still held that position, be came the exponent of single tax and other radical ideas. One of the tenets of the organization was founded on the sanctity of the people's will. Until he got into office, Daly was strong for the people's rule. Tet twice In his administration1, when. the people voted against his policies, he defied them and attempted to put the rejected policies into effect. Mr. Daly stands for all the revolu tionary isms of the day. He is one of th clique of dreamers and would-be lawmakers whose activities have al ready cost Oregon and Portland mil lions in 'development and made it in ferior in prosperity to every adjacent commonwealth. Nor are his governmental follies and his advocacy of confiscation minimized by even ordinary ability as an execu tive or business man. He, a printer, has set up his judgment In opposition to that of four experienced hydro electric engineers in a matter involving an expenditure of millions of dollars. His own department fell down during the last silver thaw, and although 3000 idle men were clamoring for work he permitted snow and slush to stop the wheels of industry and business. The blcckade was only lifted by assump tion of his duties by Commissioner Baker. As head of the water bureau, he has increased the fire risk by refusing to put in fire hydrants. He has pro posed expenditure of an enormous sum for wholly needless water meters. He has continuously subverted the public welfare to the interests of class inti mates. The election of Mr. Daly next Mon day would be notice that Portland has turned to radicalism, that the city is unable to Judge a man by his deeds and that it is indifferent to the prog ress that can come only through an intelligent and high-minded adminis tration. It would be an irretrievable dis aster. CUCKOO PATRIOTS. Those radicals in New York, Seattle end elsewhere who are opposing the selective draft, by such underhanded methods as are within their reach, quite evidently are unwilling to do their share of the fighting to protect the democracy which they claim to advocate. They are now enjoying the benefit of every bit of progress that was wrested from tyrants by the pa triots of former days,' but they are not going to do their bit to keep the fires burning if they can help it. They are content to reap what others sowed, tout they will do nothing to make the world better for posterity. Their pretense that they oppose con scription because it Is "undemocratic" deceives no one. They are simply slackers, and that is all. They want all the benefits and none of the re sponsibilities of free government. They would participate in the dividends but pay none of the" assessments. They are a fine lot of friends to have in time of need. They are the fair-weather patriots of our day. . No self-respecting citizen can have much use for them. There Is a certain bird that builds no nest of its own, but deposits its eggs In the nest of some other smaller bird, leaving them to be hatched and the young to be fed by the proper owner the nest. . It Is curiously interesting to note that although the egg is very small for so large a bird, the young one soon after hatching becomes so obstreperous that the nest is made un inhabitable for the true offspring of its foster parents. Naturalists call these parasites and rate them rather low in the scale of bird life. But we shall not let the cuckoo pa triots crowd us from our nest. They will be made to do their rightful share before we are done with them. PUTTING SOMETHING OVER. "We are not asking for a ten-hour day. nor an eight-hour day, but for a twelve-hour day," say the two platoon firemen. "Do you think a fireman ought, or ought not, to be permitted to have some of his time at home with wife and children?" It Is a persuasive plea. The public service Is indeed hard on the family man, if he is a fireman. He has to spend five days in six on duty. It is almost as bad as soldiering. We won der that any fireman stays with so irk some a Job. Or a soldier. But per haps a fireman and a soldier feel that they have duties to perform. Is the demand for even time at home, or off duty, the whole substance of the fireman's contention? It is not. The two-platoon scheme carries with it: (1) Greater expense, at least $171, 000 per annum to the taxpayer. (2) Control of the department is largely placed with the firemen, not with the chiefs. (3) Salaries are fixed in the bill. (4) Efficiency will be decreased and fire hazard increased. There are other reasons. One might wish that the firemen, in asking for off time every day, had not undertaken at the same time to reorganize the de partment by making their own rules and regulations for its administration. AX INSPIRATION TO THE TOTTO. Amid the momentous events which crowd upon our attention from day to day, let us not forget the martyrdom of Joseph H. Choate to the cause of liberty. Loaded with the weight of his 85 years, he did not flinch from the exhausting labors of chairman of the committee to welcome the British and French commissioners to New York City. From the morning of May 9 to the morning of May 13 he was constant in his attention to the Na tion's guests. Having given up the last of his failing energies in attend ing church with Mr. Balfour on Sun day morning. May 13, he became ill that afternoon and on Monday night he passed away. Having won honors, wealth and fame as the greatest of American law yers, he was already an old man when in 1899 he went to London as Ambas sador to Great Britain. By his wit, his genius, his broad sympathy, his love for democracy and his statesman ship he did more than any other man to form those bonds of common pur pose which have finally drawn to gether the world's three greatest de mocracies in a war for the Ideals which lie at their hearts. With unerring instinct he saw at the beginning of the war that the very existence of human liberty was at stake and he advocated the enlistment of the United States in its cause. He was willing to give his all for that cause. He said at the reception to Mr. Balfour on May 12: Under the guidance of .the President of our choice at Washington we stand pledged now before all the world to all the allies whom we have Joined to carry into this conquest all that we have, all that we hope for and all that we ever aspire unto. Today every young man in America and every old man. too, is asking. What can I do best to serve my country? With pride he hailed his country's decision, for he said the same evening, only two days before his death: We began to hang our heads in shame until the President gave the final order that we must go and help them with all the might we can. For the first time, after two years and a half, I was able to hold up my head as high as the weight of 85 years would allow. He surely knew that he could not live to Bee the victory, but when he parted with Mr. Balfour on that Sun day morning he looked forward to re joicing over it in another life, for he said : Remember, we shall meet again to cele brate the victory. In the same spirit In which Mr. Choate gave his last days of his long life to the great cause, should the young generation be ready to sacrifice all that they have and all that they are, in order that their children may live as free men and free women, citi zens of a free Nation. His example should be their inspiration. CONSIDER THE ONION. Indictment of eighty-eight alleged onion speculators in Boston the other day presents a case of more than ordi nary moment because it has brought about exposure of the methods by which food speculators conduct their malodorous operations. Boston, It now appears, was not the only base of op erations. The game was widely played. It began as long ago as last October, and It continued all ' Winter and far into the Spring. It was shrewdly and painstakingly manipulated. Consider able cash was employed, but far less than the outsider will have supposed. An outstanding feature of the business is that the farmers were made unwit tingly to play into the hands of the forces that were engaged in cornering the visible supply. In the beginning the buyers toured the onion-growing districts and made offers to the growers of from 50 cents to $1 a bushel above the price the latter had been accustomed to receive. Contracts were made by which the farmers were required to keep their onions in their own cellars until called for, and cash payments to "bind the bargain" were made according to in dividual demands. In many instances they were small. Not a great amount of money was required to tie up 4000 carloads in the Connecticut valley alone, and they were all in the farm ers' own hands. There were no great warehouses filled with them and no storage and insurance bills to pay. But some of the farmers had refused to sell at first, and they were won by offers of higher and higher prices. The cap sheaf was put on the whole deal when a final offer of $5 a bushel se cured practically the final remnant of the existing supply. As to what has followed in the coun try at large the public is generally in formed. Buyers began to transfer their contracts for the stocks, still in the farmers' cellars, at advancing prices, which continued to rise until, in some instances they reached $18 a bag. There were few sales at these prices, but they helped to fix the price within a short distance of these amounts for actual transactions. There entered Into the market also a minor faction of buyers who will pay almost any price, provided credit is extended These were encouraged to an extent just sufficient to keej the price etan dard up. Credit sales established a market as much as if they had been on a cash basis. It must be kept in mind that in all of this manipulation the grower got no benefit. The food schemers got more than twice as much as the farmers, on the average, and had none of the work of planting, har vesting and storing the crop. The extent to which speculation, and not the law of supply and demand. Is responsible for the high prices " of food, especially perishable products, is shown in the case of the onion, which we are now considering, and which takes added weight from the fact that it is typical. If it were a mere matter of holding by the grower for the high est possible price, there would be less in the transaction to infuriate the pub lic. The consumer would at least have the satisfaction of knowing that the farmers were receiving some recom pense for their lean years. But the reward of mere cunning has been clearly out of all proportion to its deserts. It will be the task of our food dic tator to see that this feature is elimi nated. Only a beginning has been made by the Massachusetts indict ments. The schemers must be scotched wherever they are found, and such an example made of them. If they are found guilty, as will be a terror to these evildoers from one end of the country to the other. TRAVEL BY AIRCRAFT. Travel by air promises to become as common as travel by steam has be come in the last century, when the world settles down again. If our hopes that peace will be so firmly established as to be followed by a general reduc tion of armaments should be realized, every Important nation will have great numbers of airplanes and airships for which It will have no further military use, and will release from Its service numbers of expert airmen. Manufac ture of aircraft has made much prog ress, and machines can be turned out In quantities and at prices which were not thought possible a few years ago. The manufacturers will naturally try to develop a market for their product, that they may keep their plants busy. There will be many Inducements to promote use of aircraft in travel and transportation. The progress made in the art of aviation is indicated by the wonderful feats that are daily reported to have been performed by airmen in France. Compared with these men, those who figured In the first tournaments were mere bunglers. Many of the prob lems which puzzled the pioneers have been solved, and men now think no more of going In the air than the aver age man thinks of riding in his auto mobile. The distance which can be covered in a single flight Is indicated by the flight of five persons on a Brit ish biplane from London to Home with only three stops. Such flights may soon become so common as to provoke no more comment than an auto trip across the continent. Air travel promises to surpass the fastest express train In speed and con sequently in economy of time. Lord Montague estimates that the journey from Delhi, India, to London will be made in four days. It eliminates all the dangers of the sea and the toil some climbing of mountains or cross ing of deserts. It will give secrecy, for diplomat will be able to fly from Petrograd to Washington at some fu ture time unknown to statesmen in any country over which he flies. Mail will be so expedited as to supplant the cable and telegraph for transmission of long, public documents. Business will be speeded up, for drafts, checks and other papers will be transported In brief time. Many objections will be removed from, and new delights added to, travel for pleasure, for the tourist will be able to. soar direct to the spot selected for a vacation with out the vexations of railroad and steamer travel and transfer. A rush of military aviators into flying as a busi ness is one of the probabilities, and every man and woman will seek an instructor In the art. 4 SOCIALIST TERMS OF PEACE. The pro-German impulse behind the anti-war and anti-conscription Social ist agitation which extends from Rus sia to the United States is plainly re vealed by the peace programme which the German and Austrian delegates will submit to the Stockholm confer ence. They construe "no annexations' to mean that Germany and Austria are to retain all the territory those des. potisms had won by conquest before the present war In defiance of the principle of national right for which the allies are fighting. With them "no indemnities" would forbid reparation and restitution to Belgium and Serbia, which were lawlessly despoiled by the central empires; or to France, whose territory has been laid waste and whose people have been slain or en slaved In defiance of all law and of humanity; or to those nations whose ships have been sunk and whose citi zens have been massacred with equal barbarism. Austria is to hold her Slav subjects. only giving them autonomy under Hapsburg rule, though the allies would unite them with their kindred in In dependent Serbia, Poland and Rou mania and would make Bohemia free. Russia is to give up Finland and Po land, but the Poles of Galicia are to remain tinder Austrian rule and those of Posen and Pomeranla under Ger man rule, and the central empires are to arrange the future of the mutilated half of Poland which is to become nominally independent. The Balkan states are to be thrown into a Kil kenny cat fight to settle their own affairs. These are such terms as the Kaiser might be expected to dictate on the basis of the present military map after realizing that any change which could possibly be made by force of arms would be to his loss. They violate the principles of nationality, no annexa tions and no indemnities which Presi dent Wilson has laid down as the only foundation on which permanent peace can possibly be established. Those principles demand that Germany give up the Danish, French and Polish ter ritory which she has annexed by force as well as that which is now occupied by German armies; that Galicia be joined to a free Poland, the southern Slavs to a free Serbia, the Roumanians of Transylvania and Bukowina to In dependent Roumanla, and the Italians of Trentlno, I stria and Dalmatia to free Italy. The Austro-German Social ists do not propose any of these things. A victorious nation exacts a war in demnity in order to compel the de feated nation to pay the cost of the war to the victor, on the theory that victory sustains the claim of the victor that he was right as to the merits of the quarrel. That was the theory on which Germany exacted a $1,000,000, 000 indemnity from France in 1871. although history proves that Bismarck diplomatically maneuvered France into a declaration of war, Reason and justice would limit President Wilson's renunciation of Indemnities to exac tions of this kind. The same prin ciples, however, demand that Germany and Austria be compelled to pay the entire cost of repairing the ruin they have wrought, especially in Belgium, Serbia and France, in defiance of in ternational law. Those countries should in Justice be compelled to compensate the families of all civilians whom they have slain. starved, outraged or enslaved. They should be compelled to pay for every ship and every cargo, of either a bel ligerent or a neutral nation which they hav-3 lawlessly sunk and to pay com pensation for every seaman and every passenger whom they have killed at sea in defiance of law. The United States does not propose to compel Ger many to pay its war expenses, great as they will be, for they may be compared to the cost of capturing a criminal and bringing him to justice, but it can hardly have been in Mr. Wilson's mind not to force the central empires to make reparation to those whom they have wronged. The Austro-German Socialists pro pose in effect that Germany shall re tain all the plunder of all her pred atory wars from the partition of Po land down to the present day, and that Austria retain all that has been ac quired through the whole career of aggrandizement of the Hapsburg dy nasty. They are false to the prin ciples which they profess and are open foes of those principles of democracy for which the leagued democracies of the world are fighting. They are mere tools of the Kaisers, who use them to retain by intrigue that which they cannot hold by force. This peace programme exposes the Socialists in the United States who oppose war and resist conscription in their true colors. They are traitors to their country, for they are working in the cause of Kalserism against which this country fights. Their de votion to peace is a sham, for they serve the interests of those autocrats without whose defeat peace is impos sible. They have abandoned their ideal of internationalism, for they give aid to nations which strive by force to make themselves supreme over other nations. Their professed antagonism, to capitalism is a fraud, for they sup port a system in which capitalism In its perfect development is allied with aristocracy and autocracy for the eco nomic conquest of the world a sys tem which drives starving, striking workmen back to the factories with machine guns. The United States is in danger of being embarrassed with too many allies, for every ally wants a loan. Representative Slayden expressed ap prehension to this effect in the House. and remarked that within forty-eight hours after Liberia declared war on Germany its sole representative in this country, the Consul at Baltimore, turned up at the State Department and asked for a loan. If the United States were to lend money to all the little countries on condition that they raise armies to be placed under com mand of the American Commander in Chief in France, what a motley fol lowing he would have, hailing all the way from Guatemala to Liberia. The Kaiser would have visions of a red. black and brown as well as a yellow peril. Apparently the only terms on which the United States can ask Switzerland to sell no food to Germany are that we shall supply the mountain republic with steel, coal and other commodities as well, in order that it may not be under the necessity of buying these commodities from Germany. Uncle Sam is developing into purveyor for the world. It is important, as Mr. Sinnott points be classed as out, that apples should food. They are good but we shall not press view of the tendency to coming under the latter medicine, too. that point, in tax substances heading. There is no alternative of a fine for falling to register next Tuesday, and it will be well to bear tn mind, also, that there is no provision for sus pended sentence, or parole, or chicken dinners in Jail. The proposal to send professors with military organizations, that students who enlist may continue their studies. Is absurd. The youth In the service will not have time for much but tactics. In the work of the railroad division we are about to send to France, the man whose aim is true with the spike maul will be as valuable in his way as the expert rifleman. The scheme to sow large crops of turnips, owing to the lateness of the season for other crops, would be all right If the people could be convinced that turnips are food. Nineteen thousand feet high is close to four miles. Fighting at that altl tude must be exhilarating, but it's safer to do it at sea. A man is whole when he touches bottom. If the draft law violates the amend ment that freed the negroes, well and good. Let the negroes be exempt, and they will volunteer and shame the white dodgers. Villa certainly understands the ins and outs of getting publicity. He gets more space by timing his raid for the lull in the allies' operations on the western front. Australia reduces the height limit to 5 feet 2 inches and will get good fight ers. The lanky fellows are the best runners, but the little men miss the most bullets. Between the food speculators and those other enemies of their country who refuse to register, the Federal grand Jury Is going to have & busy session. In opposing conscription, Seattle "labor" is not the whole thing. Labor circles generally approve the plan to get the slackers. There is a wide difference between being in clover and eating clover, as anyone who has tried both knows. The Poles want a free outlet to the sea, but they will wait a long time for the Kaiser to give it to them. The married "man denied a second and a third choice can work off his grouch election day. There Is still a chance to make the liberty bond one of the ten best sellers. Hulet M. Wells must be put on ice for the Summer, - He naars sedition, How to Keep Well By Dr. W. Aa Evas. Questions pertinent to ayglene, aanltatlon and prevention of disease. If matters of gen eral interest, will be answered tn this col umn. Where space will not permit or tne subject is not suitable letters will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and where stamped addressed envelope Is inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagnosis or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re quests for such services cannot be answered. (Copyright. 1916. by Dr. W. A.. Evan.. Published by arrangement with ths Chicago Tribune.) VACATION CAMPS FOR BOYS. DR. J. MADISON TAYLOR, of Phila delphia, proposes vacation camps for all boys as a means of preparation for life work. His plan provides for vacation camps to be . established by the school authorities. To theae camps are to be sent all boys in the last three years of the grammar schools. The boys are to spend two months each Summer in these camps. Each boy, therefore, would have six months' life In camp as part of his education. The time is to be spent. In the first place, in the open air. This will mean a gain in health and tn equipping with virility and strength of body. The boys are to be directed In such physical ex ercise and work as will make for posi tive health. They will engage In all manner of primitive competitions which games. sports and disciplinary drills will fur nish, through wholesome co-operation in team work, making advantageous use of the gang spirit. Dr. Taylor says: Every normal boy is equipped wltn an inherent quality of excess of energy. called adolescent prepotency, which drives him to do more than he ordi narily has the chance of doing or doing safely. This over-energy. If checked, will often push him to do many things which may seem foolish or wrong to his elders. This Is merely good power In him going to waste. 'This dynamic Is of Incalculable use. If only It be directed Into right chan nels, conserved and trained to useful ends. It Is a priceless agency and de serves the utmost respect, encourage ment and shaping; for so Is the work of the world well done or 111 done." Life tn the vacation camps will give an opportunity to mold this force into lines that make it serviceable for so ciety. Among the qualities that will be developed by life In vacation camps will be that of leadership. It will be get self-reliance and initiative. Camp life will offer an opportunity for some training in swimming. In climbing trees, in rowing, tracking animals, finding one's way through the woods, first aid to the injured, cooking. campmaking, bedmaking. sanitation and hygiene. The plan takes the boys off the streets and lessens temptations during two months of the year. Perhaps it does some service in taking them from the monotony of home. Adults need va cations from home and work for the change they bring. Why not children also? And all this is to be accomplished through that most effective of educa tional forces play. Chronic Phthisis. W. E. II. writes: "About 10 years ago I was taken with pleurisy, which after ward developed Into a cough, and I began spitting from my right lung. Doctors said consumption and advised going to Arizona. I went and stayed two years: got no relief. Have been back some Ave years. My coughing and expectorations continue. They are a thick slime and possibly half a pint in 24 hours. Never any blood. "I think my right lung is almost gone. Am short of breath at times. My appetite Is good generally, sleep well. general health otherwise good. Have but little strength. My weight Is about 35 pounds below normal. Now, what are my chances? Left lung apparently all right. Am 60 years old. Will that stump of lung left heal, or is it a case for the undertaker? Tour opinion will be appreciated." REPLY. Tour chance of recovery is slight. Tour chance of living some time is good. Tour disease has probably settled down into a chronlo phthisis, which disease in a favor able climate may continue for years. Be very careful of your sputum, Tou are high ly infective. Itching Between Tors, R. G. writes: "I am a girl 16 years of age. For the last year or two I have been troubled with a burning and itching feeling in my feet. Between my small toe and the one beside It there Is no skin. I have used .various powders without apparent results. What is the cause of this and what can be done to relieve this pain?" REPLY. Wear loose shoes and light stockings. Wash your feet each night. If the space be tween your toes is very raw. clean It with grease until the rawness has subsided. Af ter that use water and soap. After washing thoroughly dust with any dusting powder. Thts form of ecsema generally yields to a dally foot bath. A Prophetess of Evil. Y". S. T. writes: "During the last seven years I have had various opera tions, all pertaining to the same in Jury. Two years ago, owing to a preg nancy developed In the vel tubes, there was a compete hysterectomy. I have live grown children and have never en- Joyed as good health In all my married life as at the present time. I am 35 years old. Recently one of these 'knowing ladles' prophesied that owing to this operation I would have prema ture change of life, also death. Very pleasant, as I am self-supporting and have five dependents. My doctor la out of town and I would feel silly to con sult a stranger peresonally. Now. are my chanoes as good as a married wom an to live past that trying period?" REPLY. As you have not yet passed through the change of Ufa I Judge your overles were not removed. The probability Is that you will pas sthrough change of life about as the average woman does. Tou ought to outlive the prophetess. That would satisfy most people. Nicknames of Nations. FAIRVIEW, Or.. May 30. (To the Editor.) Kindly explain, to settle an argument, the origin and meaning of the names "Uncle Sam." as applied to the United States. "John Bull." as ap plied to Briton, "Hun," as applied to Germany. DIPLOCK WARD. "Uncle Sam" Is generally supposed to be a Jocular extension of the Initials "U. S.." designating the United States. One story, which lacks proof, is that In 1812 someone when asked what "U. B." marked on barrels and casks meant, facetiously replied that they referred to "Uncle Sam." or Samuel Wilson, who was a contractor or inspector of Troy, N. T. "John Bull" was first used In' a satire by Dr. John Arbuthnot. One of the characters. John Bull. Is regarded as endowed with the characteristics of the typical Englishman. Both the foregoing are good-natured nicknames. Of similar application Is "Deutscher Michel." often applied to the German people. The name "Mi chel" is used in Germany to designate any simple, uncultured countryman. A satirical name, "Bodies." has later been coined and applied to the German soldiers. Its meaning Is blockhead. "Hun" Is an opprobrious epithet applied to the Germans In consequence of the ruthlessness of their warfare, which was the characteristic of the Huns, a barbarous Asiatic people of antiquity. 5IR. GREEN OX MILITARY NEEDS Secretary of War Wrosg AVe Most Have Market Not Tkroigk Roads. MELROSE. Or.. May 31. (To the Editor.) May 23 you addressed some questions to Mr. Brown and Mr. Spence relative to the road bond Issue that slams the patriotism of every voter in Oregon who does not agree with you regarding It. I am a common farmer and not up on Al English, but I am just as patriotic as the editor of The Oregonion or anyone else favoring a rich man's pleasure road at the expense of Oregon motorists, yet I am abso lutely opposed to the issuance of those bonds. You say: "A vote against the road bonds Is a vote to hamper President Wilson and the United States Govern ment In the conflict with Germany." And basing the whole question on your opinion in the case. Infer that those who differ with you will be voting to sustain Kalserism. Six million dollars or any other sum assessed against a certain class of our citizens for road building purposes rs In our opinion un constitutional, and we believe will be so declared by the courts before this question is finally settled. In case the bonds carry, the sum voted will hardly make a beginning where will the bal ance come from? Further, in case our conflict with Germany assumes the proportions it has with the other belligerents, Ore gon's motor vehicle owners will be In no position to pay those bonds. In which cast who would pay them? It is altogether probable that whatever movement of troops or other resources of war are necessary through this Coast country during the fight with Germany, will be made over the South ern Pacific and other railroads. Should these roads fall into the hands of the enemy so would your Pacific Highway. The greatest help we can render to the Government Is a maximum of crops delivered to the railroads at a mini mum of expense, and this can be best done by Improving the roads from the producer to his market town on the railroad. I stand with Mr. Spence and Mr. Brown, and am doing my patriotic duty to the best of my knowledge and belief in opposing that road bond Issue. GUY M. GREEN. Mr. Green's quarrel Is with the Sec retary of War and the Council of Na tional Defense, who urge through, hard-surface roads In Oregon rather than laterals. If Mr. Green and Mr. Spence and Mr. Brown know more about military needs than do the men high In National coun cils, why, the country has-unfortunately placed Its affairs In the wrong hands. It Is, Indeed, a National calamity, and we are in for a long and expensive war. LITTLE FARMING LAND IX GRANT Native of Southern Oregon See No His: Thine for Settlers. RIDGEFIELD. Wash., May 30. (To the Editor.) A great deal is being said and written regarding the Oregon oc California lands. Some of the newspa pers state that there will be tens of thousands of acres; that a new empire will be opened to settlers! In justice to would-be locators, I wish to state that said lands have been greatly exaggerated. I was born and resided the greater part of my life in Douglas County, Oregon, and am thor oughly acquainted with the railroad lands, especially in Douglas, Josephine and Jackson counties. There Is very little agricultural land in the railroad grant. The lands In question are valu able for timber only. There are loo lated tracts back from the line of rail road some miles where one could lo cate and take care of a few head Of livestock, and secure 10 to 12 acres to raise hay on. Last Fall I met and talked with some of the Government men who had been classifying the lands In Jackson and Josephine counties, and they In formed me that of the several. thousand acres that they had been over, they had seen only three or four that they considered a man could make a living on. I personally know several persons who abandoned mountain ranches when the classification was made last Au tumn, as they learned that they would be compelled to reside on the land from three to five years and pay $2.50 oer acre to Uncle Sam. Had the much-condemned Bean bill been voted on by the people. It Is my oDinlon It would have carried by large majority. If the railroad com pany had been compelled to place the small holdings of agricultural lands and pasture or grazing lands on the market at $2.50 an acre, and have been allowed to retain their brush atone and timber, then the various counties along the line or the railroad wouia have been benefited In the way of taxes for schools and roads. Lk U. ft;K.Ulfci. PORT STANDING WOITD BE HURT Harm Seen In Ship Merger hy Greater Portland Association. PORTLAND. May 31. (To the . Ed itor.) Opposing as wo do any step tending to Jeopardise the standing of u.a Columbia River as a desirable port of entry or any step having for its ob ject reduction of transportation facili ties between our river and otner oaai cities. It la our desire to go on record as objecting to and protesting against the contemplated withdrawal by the owners thereof of the steamships Great Northern and Northern Paclne. Aside from the fact that this action would be a tremendous blow to the Columbia River as a port desirable for large vessels, it would materially low er the standard of passenger transpor tation facilities between Columbia River ports and San Francisco. Hundreds of people pass through our state en route to San Francisco via these magnificent steamers and their withdrawal would materially lessen tourist travel by this at present enjoy able route. GREATER PORTLAND ASSOCIATION. BY F. N. CLARK.. President. Give Soldiers Hide. PORTLAND. May 31. (To the Edi tor.) I am one of the enlisted men In camp at the Lewis and Clark Fair grounds and. In common with all of the boys encamped there, have occasion to go downtown whenever 1 have leave of absence. Many of the boys are In the same predicament as myself In that they do not have any too much spending money, and the matter of carfares la quite an item and It Is obligatory for some to walk both to and from town. It Is frequently the case that auto lsts with empty cars go by us by the dozen, headed for our destination, and It la a very rare Instance when any of us are asked to ride. The writer feels that If the attention of autolsts generally were called to this matter they would be disposed, to say to us, "Going downtown, boys? If so. Jump In." I am sura that this little courtesy would be generally appreciated by those who have been called in defense of the country. ONE OF THE BOYS. Those Who Must Register. PORTLAND, May 31. (To the Ed itor.) Please inform me if a man who was born on January 15, 1887, has to register; also the time inside which the men who must register (21-30, In clusive) were born. JIM BANDEY. Men born on June 6, 1887, or after that, to and including June 6, 1896, must register. America's Defense of Inter national Right. By Roland G. liter, of the Vlaxl 1 antes. Author of "Pan-Germanism snd "Tse Challenge of the Katnre." The United States has entered the war with the full realization that the existence of a new International order after the war depends very largely upon the part which this country shall play In the war. Not our words, but our deeds, are Im portant. Tii international council has hither to as a matter of fact been controlled by the great European powers. Its de cisions have been based primarily upon European policies. The reason has been that there was, outside of Europe, no power which could In definite fact com pare In military, naval and economic force with the greater European pow ers. Whatever we may call Internation al relationship, no government truly International can exist until there is at least one non-European power admit tedly the equal of any of the great Eu ropean powers themselves. This must be a question of fact and not of theory. This non-European power need not have the greatest army, nor the great est navy, but It roust possess striking force and Industrial organization capa ble of Immediate utilization. Its actual resources available at any moment must be such as to cause all European powers to feel that no decision can be reached upon any International ques tion without consulting this non-Euro pean power, until such a power shall actually exist a new International or der, actually as well as theoretically International, will remain a desirabil ity and not a fact. The United States muse become that power. In the Interest of tb rest of the world and of the neutral states in Eu rope the United States must become the one great non-European power which must be consulted upon every Inter national decision of the slightest con sequence. The duty of the United States therefore in the defense of in ternational right. In the Interest of In ternational organisation at the close of the war. Is the prosecution of the war In real earnest and the organization of this country's potential force In such fashion that It can never again think- ably be disregarded. The part we play In the war will, more than any other one thing, decide the relationship of the United States to Europe In the future. Upon the reality of our international status, moreover. will depend the character of the new International government which will certainly be formed at the close of this war. If at the end of It the really great forces In the world are all Euro pean, that government will not be truly international. If at the end of It the United States shall have achieved an actual equality In organization with the greatest powers of Europe. Inter national organization will be a fact, congress or no congress, theories or no therlea, codes or no codes. Facta are facts and we have It now tn our power to make a new Interna tional fact. We may rejoice that In achieving this fact we shall achieve It literally more In the Interests of others than in our own. In Other Days. Twenty-five Years Ago. From The Oregonlan of Juno 1. 1893. Portland has only one warship in her harbor now. The cruiser Baltimore weighed anchor yesterday morning and sailed for Puget Sound. It Is possible that the Charleston will remain here several days yet. The following arranged In the order of merit are the names of the individ uals composing the graduating class of the law school for the present year: Daniel J. Malarkey. John W. Gwllt. John F. Logan, Charles H. Chance. Rod ney L. Gllsan, W. A- M. Jones, Reginald W. Thompson. Russell E. Sewall. George C. Stout, Thomas G. Greene, Austin F. Flegel, Valentine Brown, Clarence W. Avery, James M. Hughes. James R. Greenfield. William H. Smith. Charles A. Showers, Henry Stanislawsky and Milton G. Butterfield. The Naval Reserve Association and the Marine Band gave a complimentary excursion last night to the officers of the cruiser Charleston, members of the General Assembly. Colonel T. M. An derson. United States Army, and staff; and Colonel C. F. Beebe. Oregon Na tional Guard, and staff. The steamer Harvest Queen was chartered for tho occasion and the excursionists, num bering nearly 400, were taken to tho Willamette Falls. Washington. D. C. "Mr. Blaine will write another letter. He will again de cline to allow his name to go before ths Minneapolis convention." So said Major Dan Ransdall, marshal of the District of Columbia, today. N L.n n o n The House of Commons to day took the unprecedented course of refusing to adjourn over Derby day. Fifty Tears Aaro. From Tho Oregonlan of June 1. 1887. Kingston. Canada. A crowd assem bled on the wharf today to see Jeff Davis, who was on a steamer bound to Toronto. New York. N. T. Captain Howard, of the Revenue Service, is preparing a force for Russian-America and will leave In a few days. Only necessary supplies will be permitted to enter ths domain until Congress legislates on ths subject. Whisky Is to ba excluded. Chicago. 111. Senator Wade and a party of prominent man will reach Chi cago tomorrow for Omaha to have a grand buffalo hunt on the plains. New York, N. T. Sumner In his Rus. slan peaea treaty says the Indians are savage and the Interior. tribes are re ported to be guilty of cannibalism. It Is said gold has been found In three dif ferent localities. Sumner proposes to name the territory Allaska- Fort Smith. Ark. The Interpreter for the Comanches arrived today and re ports 5000 Indians on the warpath. Boston, Mass. The Government has decided to abandon the charge of mur der In the case of Surrett and have him Indicted for treason and conspiracy at the June term of the criminal court. Farmer Asks Abont Drsft. SALEM. Or.. May 80. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Kindly inform me whether a young man of military age who for 12 years has been superintendent of a iarga farm and Is working and needed badly each day will be drafted Into service under the conscription law? (2) How soon after registration can one tell whether farmers will be exempt? APPRECIATIVE READER. (1) The young man In question will have full opportunity for a hearing be fore the proper military officials, when he can state his case in full. (3) The time Is indefinite. Wreck on Great Lakes. VANCOUVER. Wash.. May 30. (To the Editor.) In what year was a steamer Alpina or Alpine sunk In the Great Lakes? It must have been some where near 35 years ago, some time in February. A READER. This shipwreck is not mentioned la available records. Send your inquiry to the Marine Review, Cleveland, Ohio,