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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (March 3, 1917)
19 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, MARCH 3, 1917. (Bwgammx PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oreeon) Postofflcs as econd -clajin niiul matter. Subscription rate Invariably la adTance: (Br Mail.) Xal!y, Sunday included, on rear ....... $8.0O rjaily. Sunday included, six months .... 4.25 Daily, Sunday included, three months .. 2.25 Daily, Sunday included, one month ..... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 6-00 Daily, without Sunday, three months ... I-'5 Dally, without Sunday, one month ...... .00 eekly, one year 1.50 Sunday, one year 2.50 Sunuay and Weekly 3.0O (By Carrier.) Daily. Sunday Included, one year ...... 9.00 Dally, Sunday included, one month ..... -75 How to Remit Send postofflcs money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postoffice address In full, including county and state. Pontage Kates 12 to 18 pases. 1 cent? 18 to 32 pases, 2 cents: 34 to 48 pases. 8 cents; oo to bo pages. 4 cents; 62 to 70 pases, 6 cents; 78 to az pages. O cents. foreign postage double rates. JKastern Business Office Verree Conk lin, Brunswick building. New York; Verree A Conklin, Steger building. Chicago: San Francisco representative, R. J. BidwelL 742 Market street. I'OKTLAM), SATURDAY, MARCH S. 1917. DEFENSE IS NOW URGENT. The attempt of Germany to form h.n alliance with Mexico and Japan tor war on the United States draws added attention to the necessity of equipping: this country for defense against armed invasion. Publication of the Zimmermann note proves this danger not to be the mere vague pos sibility which is popularly considered too remote to enter into our present calculations. We now know that the most powerful and aggressive military nation in the world has actually pro posed an invasion to our neighbor on the south. There is evidence that the scheme was favorably considered by Mexico. Though Japan's engagements prevent its now entering into the scheme, causes of friction exist which might at some future time dispose that country to entertain it. Thus National defense becomes a practical, present need. We can no longer delay considera tion of the manner in which we shall defend ourselves, nor can we safely defer prompt decision and action. That necessity makes the question of universal military training- one for Immediate decision. Two plans have been offered, one by the Senate mili tary committee, the other by the Gen eral Staff of the Army, to apply this policy. Each would retain the reg ular Army for garrison duty and for training purposes; each would train half a million men yearly with a view of building up a citizens' reserve of about 3,000,000; and each would use this reserve only to repel invasion. The principal point of difference is that the committee plan reported by Senator Chamberlain would require only six months' intensive training-, while the Staff plan would require one year. The Chamberlain plan would give all the training during the citi zen's 19th year, while the Staff plan would give eleven months' training in that year and two weeks in each of the two succeeding years. The Cham berlain plan would keep the men in the reserve for nine years, the Staff plan for eleven years, but the former would establish one class for each year and would call the youngest class first and the next older in order, while the latter would have only two classes a first reserve for five years and a second reserve for six years. The Staff proposes a regular Army of about 310,000 officers and men, of whom 97,000 would 'form the oversea forces and 29,000 the frontier forces, while the remainder would be em ployed in training- the reserves. The Staff would return the National Guard to the position It held under the Dick law, before the National defense act was passed last June but only for five years in order to give the states time to provide other forces for militia duty in its place. Then it would pass out of existence. It is estimated that the Staff plan would provide a first reserve of 1, 600,000 men, fully equipped and ready to respond instantly to a call to arms, while the second reserve would com prise an equal number, only partly equipped, and there would be an ad ditional million trained men to fill raps. The cost of maintaining this force and the regular Army is esti mated at a little over $472,000,000 a year. In contrast with this, the Staff estimates the eventual cost under the present law at $339,543,000 for 1.137, 000 men, which would include 826,000 National Guardsmen who would be only partly trained. In addition, the cost of establishing the proposed sys tem with full reserve supplies and permanent armories and including in struction and maintenance of recruits for one year would be $2,138,000,000, or with temporary cantonments $1, 709,000,000. The corresponding fig ures for carrying out the present law would be $1,548,000,000 and $1,438, 000,000. These latter expenses would not recur. These sums appear huge, but Con gress has already committed the Na tion to the smaller expenditure, which would give us totally inadequate de fense at a cost per man of $298.58, while the Staff plan would make tis safe at a cost of $143.28 per man. It is a choice between good and doubtful Insurance. An Invading army might destroy In a week more than we should save in ten years by buying cheap in surance against a possible .combina tion of enemies such as has actually been attempted. PROHIBITION BY DEGREES. Several newspapers have assumed that Federal prohibition of shipments of intoxicants by interstate commerce Into dry states is not sincere prohibi tion legislation, at least in its primary inspiration. The amendment came from Senator Reed, of MissourC who is not listed in the blue book of promi nent prohibitionists. It is the inter esting theory of these d,oubters that the amendment is-deslgried to make prohibition obnoxious in those states where the saloon has been abolished but shipments for home consumption are permitted. The amendment is se vere in that it imposes criminal lia bility on anyone who orders or pur chases intoxicants to be transported In interstate commerce. The suspicion is probably unfounded. Liquor interests have been so long engaged in resisting hard knocks di rectly inflicted that they have not had the courage, or apparently the intelligence, to make a partial sacri fice voluntarily for its psyphological effect. Nor can one reasonably expect the amendment to cause immediate re action in anti-saloon states. The ten dency of prohibition is progressive to ward bone dry. We have ourselves witnessed that In both Oregon and Washington. But because of that tendency the amendment may have the effect of making more difficult entirely new state conversions to pro hibition. As already observed, prohi bition is progressive in its applica tion. First comes local option. By exercise of. that principle the com bative qualities of the saloons are weakened. They become fewer in number. Their vote and influence and power to collect defensive funds are diminished. After local option has. gained more or less territory, it is not bo difficult to strike directly at the remaining saloons with success. Always there are thousands who abhor the saloon but desire to retain the right to drink when so inclined. Combining with the straight prohibition vote they eliminate state traffic. The saloon vote, the saloon Influ ence and the saloon campaign money are thus out of the way when the next step Is proposed. The real drys, who have been aided by the half- wets to drive out the saloon, then turn about and trounce their former allies. But with the Reed amendment in force prohibition by degrees will not be possible. It will be a stand-up and knock-down fight between wets and dries wherever prohibition Is newly presented. Instead of temporary al liance with the half-wets the drys will quite likely find the half-wets allied with the saloons. So it appears that if the liquor Interests have been scheming it has been with preserva tion of wet territory In mind and not with the idea that they can win back dry territory at present. The Reed amendment Is likely to put National prohibition by Constitutional amend ment more sharply in issue. WHILE THE 8TOILM RAGES. "Some sort of referendum," say the fifty-odd Reed College idealists and pacifists who live in a world of scho lastic seclusion "some sort of refer endum" should be invoked before we embark upon war except, of course, a 'war of invasion" Into our country. Why not a referendum for defense? Is it true that nothing is worth fight ing for except the things we have and therefore may lose unless we fight? Did we get "free speech, a free press and the right of association," so high ly prized at Reed College, by having a referendum and refusing to fight for them? Or. are they the ripe fruit of 2000 years of upheaval and strug gle, overturning dynasties, dethroning tyrants, destroying oligarchies, monar chical and religious, and exalting lib erty, fraternity and freedom? Trust Wilson, but have a referen dum of some sort! Ah, Indeed. In time of storm the only safe course Is to leave the sarety or tne ship of state to the captain and the crew. Any other course is madness. not to say treason. OUTSIDERS TS. INSIDERS. The Oregonian has received from a valued reader at Eugene a copy of the Oregon Teachers' Monthly, with request to give the benefit of its wider circulation an article discussing the election of superintendents and teach ers for the public schools. The sub ject is highly interesting, and Just now is quite pertinent, and The Oregonian complies: "Oreeon products for the Oregon people" does not evidently apply to the election of City School Superintendents, If the ex perience of the last few years may be taken as representative. A man from most (al most?) any other section of the country, backed by a private teachers' agency and supported by testimonials from notables never before heard of west of the Rocky Mountains, Is frequently preferred to in dividuals long Identified with the progress of the state. The result of this preference for the unknown and the distant over the known and the tried, on the younger men and. women of the state who are attempting to win recognition for themselves may easily be Imagined. The Oregon teachers should assert themselves and demand a fair field and no favor. School - Boards should realize that local record which can be ex amined Is more likely to yield results than tho echoes of distant record embalmed in highly imaginative testimonials. This pro test should not be Interpreted as opposition to the assimulatlon of a certain number of Eastern teachers and principal in our school systems, adding variety of outlook and thus avoiding provincialism. Cosmo-) politanism. however, may be purchased at too dear a price if it means the turning over the management of half the Important school systems in the state to men who are ignorant of the traditions of the state and out of sympathy with people with whom they wcrk. If school boards are not to go abroad for superintendents or principals. It would seem to. follow logically that our churches ought to encourage home industry in the selection of their preachers. It is not hard to imagine the result. But The Oregonian does not find itself in necessary disagreement with its contemporary, the Teachers' Monthly. If local talent is deliberate ly overlooked, and foreign instructors of lesser worth preferred, a grave mis take in policy is made. We should like to have specific citations. But principals and teachers at least in Portland need never worry. They have fortified themselves against disturbance, or preference, or trans fer, or removal, or demotion, or anything else except promotion through the Orton act. They are quite safe. HEALTH OCT OF DOORS. Two points in favor of the back-to-the-land movement for city dwellers, not commonly emphasized by writers on this popular topic, are made by the Massachusetts Homestead Commis sion in a recent report in which state aid toward abolition of the tenement- house system is advocated. A feature of the Commission's treatment of the subject is that it does not aim at con verting city workers, now engaged In vocations for which they are reason ably well fitted, into farmers of Indif ferent ability. Whatever may be said as to the need for more tillers of the soil, no broadly constructive pro gramme can fail to take into account our industrial .needs as well. Manu facturing will play an increasingly im portant part In the life of the Nation as time goes on. The mere process of robbing the factories of their work ers is quite clearly not the best way to develop permanent prosperity. The Massachusetts investigators dis cuss "the subject in its bearing upon the increased efficiency of the worker, whose employment is in town and whose Interests and prospects indicate that he probably will r"emaln there. tjomg rar aneid tor statistics, the Commission has been able to make a comparison between the physical wel fare of the dwellers in a small garden city. Port Sunlight, England, and those of the tenement districts of Liverpool, only a few miles away. Port Sunlight is a purely business enterprise on the part of a large concern manufacturing soap.' Cottages for the workers are permitted to be built no more than seven to the acre, giving plenty of air and light. It is shown here that the average height of the boys of 7 years from the Liv erpool slums is nearly 3 Inches less than that of boys of the same age in Port Sunlight, while the difference in weight is 7 pounds. At 11 years old the difference is 5.2 inches and 20.5 pounds. At 14 there is a differ ence of 6 inches and 33 pounds. This single phase of the investigation bears eloquent testimony to the value of fresh air and sunlight, especially to the growing child. It puts stress where It belongs by showing that the tenement district Is a menace to the future of the race. K The second point made by the Massachusetts Commission is that the more open areas have a tendency to create a better standard of citizen ship. In the nature of the tenement, it cannot be owned by the family em ploying part of it as a temporary domicile. It ' conduces to constant changes of residence. Dwellers in the slums are always on the move. They not only fail to take pride in the home ut they are callous to the interests of the neighborhood. They evade local problems Instead of trying to settle them. If the building is out of repair, they leave It. Similarly, It is easy for them if they become dissatisfied with civic conditions to go elsewhere. They are shallow rooted both ways. The spirit of the nomad is upon them. It is well recognized that the gypsy is not the ideal citizen. Patriotism has Its foundation in the home.- Its first les son is love of home, and the first step toward interest In the welfare of coun try is abiding concern in the welfare of neighbors and friends. The Joys of long friendships are often unknown to the tenement dweller, and these are among the things really worth while in life. It Is tod much to expect that the citizen shall have a lively Interest in the rights and the welfare of his fellow-Americans in foreign lands If he has grown by long experience not to care whether his next-door neigh bor lives or dies. The home iii the suburbs, owned by the dweller, on the other hand, is an inducement to con tinuity, to lasting interests, to closer relationships and. lastly, to citizenship of the highest type. An outstanding fact In connection with congestion of population is that it is mostly needless. Except for Man hattan Island, which is sul generis, there are few populated areas that do not have great open stretches with in comparatively short distances. The ideal condition for the city dweller is regarded as one in which about eight families live on each acre, which means about forty persons on the average, with a garden for each. This is considered not impossible of attain ment, although the change will take time. It will require adequate city planning, and perhaps the rather rigid enforcement of new laws regarding density of population. .In the con gested East the problem is more dif ficult than In the West, where the cities have not yet grown out of bounds. But there Is seemingly no reason why the newer cities should repeat the mistakes of the past. Their duty to check the growth of the slum district before it has made appreciable headway Is a broadly patriotic one and has a bearing upon the future of the whole Nation. REACH OT7T AFTER SETTLEItS. Relaxation of the munitions boom is Indicated by the laying off of 18 00 men by the Baldwin Locomotive Works on completion of a large con tract. Throughout the last two years the allies have been equipping them selves to make their own munitions, importing only the raw material? and we may expect that other plants in this country will cease their feverish activity and turn to production of articles used In peaceful vocations. There will no longer be need of eflt ploying three shifts of workmen, and normal industry will be able to secure labor at wages that will be reasonable, though much higher than prevailed in peace time. Employment for many of the dis charged men will doubtless be found in other factories in the East and Middle West, but some are likely to take the opportunity to come to the Pacific Coast. The thrifty among them will have saved good sums out of their war wages and may have an ambition to be their own bosses on Western farms, especially in these days of high-priced wheat, potatoes and onions. The time is ripe for the Pacific Coast to prepare for renewed immigration from the East. No bet ter means can be found than to have ready a list of farm lands which can be bought at reasonable prices on easy terms. Oregon's great need is devel opment of the back country by a pop ulation of actual producers. By this time the inflation should .have been so completely taken out of land prices hat settlers will be attracted. FIGHTING APPLE. SCAB. A publication of importance to a leading industry of the Northwest is the report of the Hood River branch experiment station of the Oregon Agricultural College, particularly the observations made by Acting Superin tendent Childs upon the relation of the height of fruit on the trees to the prevalence of apple scab Infection. This subject is of far more than acad emic interest, because it may as well be accepted as a fact that growers in the Northwest are confronted with the stern necessity of fighting this pest successfully, or else seeing their prof its dwindle to the vanishtng point. The treatment of such relatively minor problems as the codlin moth having been thoroughly standardized by past investigations and experi ments, it has further remained to in crease still further the proportion of marketable fruit in the orchards of the Northwest by attention to control of fungus which otherwise would se riously impair the commercial quality of the apple in competition with the clean fruit that consumers everywhere are being taught to demand. An Important deduction to be. drawn from the observations of the ento mologist is that, above everything, thoroughness is the keynote of success in-fruit growing. This is Illustrated by the measured results from one of the least infected trees in a test block. It is shown that while apple scab was found on only 2.46 per cent of the fruit picked from the first ten feet of the tree, the proportion increased to 8.23 per cent between ten and fif teen feet and to 21.47 per cent at the greater height". The total proportion of infected fruit was in some instances greater, but the increase as height was attained held good in each in stance. These disclosures are of double significance, because it Is normally the upper limbs from which the grower expects to harvest his finest fruit, and because on the highest it is the most difficult and expensive to remove the lower grade fruit by thinning, once infection has taken place. Left to itself, fungus would be ex pected to develop more generally on the lower limbs, because of greater depth of shade, greater proximity in early Spring to the source of asco spores and later to Summer spore in fection when the spores are washed down by rains from the Infections above. The fact that the reverse con dition actually prevailed gives com forting assurance that the standard fungicides have been effective where most thoroughly applied, and also confirms the belief of experimenters that where scab has not been con trolled this has been due to lack of thoroughness of application. Further Confirmation is had from the fact that in young orchards in which It la as easy to spray the top as the bottom of the tree, the discrepancy does not exist. But our orchards are constantly grow ing older, and the big tree is thie com mercial problem of the future. Observations under actual working conditions show that the average or chardlst sprays from the ground, using a rod about twelve feet long. As a long day wears on, the holding of the rod at arm's length becomes tiresome, and the ' operator becomes unconsciously careless. Winds, which increase as the day wears on, add probability that the tops of the trees will not be sprayed as thoroughly as they ought to be. "In particular, the foliage of the tops is slighted, and infections in the tops are most ad vantageously situated for their spread in rainy periods. This is true not only of the apple scab but of other diseases and Insect pests, which may be per petuated from one season to another. The lesson is significant because It goes back to the fundamental proposi tion that thoroughness is the first and last essential if results are to be ac complished. This is true of other lines of industry than apple growing. It is also important because it demon strates that standard methods of com bating the infection are adequate, provided they are carried out with due diligence. There has been some doubt upon this score previously. It is also evident that the neglected orchard is more than ever a menace to the busi ness as a whole and that the grower who does not intend to spray ade quately would better devote his ground to some other purpose. The wooden shoe, once the mark of the peasant of the Continent, has gained a new footing in England un der the pressure of necessity, and it is a striking fact that the demand- for this article, which was practically un known in English cities two or three years, ago, has become so great that shoe factories have been compelled to decline large orders for wooden shoes from the countries of their allies. The change has been brought about, of course, by the large Increase In the price of leather. Hundreds of school children in London, even of the mod erately well-to-do classes, are now wearing clogs costing about 73 cents a pair, and those not so well favored are being supplied by the school au thorities on the installment plan, pay ing about 6 cents a week on account. For country wear, the Jxmdon Daily News says, wooden shoe, provided with leather or cloth uppers, can be obtained for a quarter of the price of all-leather footgear. . The movement is being encouraged by some of the captains of industry, who wore clogs themselves back in the '60s and who have resumed them by way of setting an example of economy. If the demands for silence now Imposed upon Dr. Foster and Dr. Jordan had been made effective ' In 1776. there would have been no Declaration of Independence, no public, no land of freedom. From a pacifist contemporary. To be sure, to be sure. It was the Dr. Foster of that day who put the match to the fires of liberty by his ringing defiance of the tyrant across the sea "Give me liberty or give me death," he cried and it was the Df. Jordan of a century ago who was so mightily aroused by the purpose of the oppressor to tax the colonies with out representation that he disguised himself as an Indian and led other patriots aboard ship in Boston harbor and threw a cargo of taxed tea over board. The memory of their words and deeds persists to this day. Depression In the lace Industry of Switzerland in consequence of the British embargo on imports of luxuries reminds us of the great advantage which the United States has over such countries. The bulk of our exports consists of the staple products which other nations must have. There Is no danger of an embargo on them from the other side of the Atlantic, though we may find some measures necessary to keep enough for our own use. If China should enter the war, it would have about as much influence as San Marino on the result unless fighting should continue so long that an army of a few million Chinese could be trained and equipped to take a hand a few years hence. In the opinion of Senator Stone it was very wicked to arouse the Ameri can people to the need of defending themselves by exposing the German plot. The people should have been permitted to sleep on in fancied se curity until an invading army landed. The potash Industry In the United States is growing so rapidly that with two more years of undisturbed posses sion of the field it should make this country Independent of the German supply. North Dakota is bidding for immi grants. The Senate has passed a bill allowing a man to buy a keg of beer, a gallon of whislJV and five gallons of wine once a month. A person arrested for speeding should be the last to complain. If it were not for the vigilance of the "cops," somebody with a heavier ma chine might bump him over the bank. Berlin refuses to issue tobacco tick ets to women and London is provid ing separate apartments on suburban trains for women who burn cigarettes. The German women are the better off. The easy work In the back-yard garden is spading the soil. The hoe raises the blisters and produces the aches. Perhaps that is why the men let the women do the work. ' New York enjoyed Columbia River smelt yesterday, of course, and the retail price was reasonably low for this superior article. The Kaiser Is suffering from a se vere chill, but it has not gone Into his feet. Portland growth is Indicated by the frequency of new telephone directories. Alliance with- "Villa is Impossible. The cleaning-up will dispose of him. A Cabinet crisis is said to be immi nent in China. Wait for the crash. Roosevelt must be preparing and has no time for talking. When Submarine Fires Torpedo. BUEXA VISTA. Or., March 1. (To the Editor.) Is It necessaryfor a sub marine to rise to the surface to dis charge a torpedo? H. E. PRATHER. A submarine can discharge a tor pedo at any depth, but would need to have at least Its periscope above the surface to take accurate aim. ADDRESS WHOLLY OX PACIFISM Dr. Foster, Sprsklsg on German Crisis, Said Kooght of Upholding President. PORTLAND, March 2. (To tho Ed itor.) Dr. W. T. Foster now Is pro claiming in the public press that: "I have stood by the President of the United States in- every step he has taken and every -utterance he has made since the war began, and I have so de clared myself In more than 40 public addresses." s That is not correct. Dr. W. T. Foster further objects to the criticisms of himself at the lawyers' naval auxiliary luncheon at the Hotel Multnomah on last Tuesday. He has no right to complain over what was and is said about him be cause his own acts have justly caused the comments. On Sunday evening. February 4, 1917, in the Unitarian Church, at the open forum. Dr. W. T. Foster made an ad dress on "The New Crisis" and the Next Step." President Wilson had Just severed diplomatic relations with Germany. Dr. Foster urged that all reason and all his tory prove that a Nation cannot pre pare to defend Itself for peace, but the result of preparing to defend a Nation from war, is war, not peace. He assert ed that it was most illogical to expect that the best preparation for peace was increased armament. "In all other af fairs of life," said Dr. Foster, "we pre pare for the thing we want. The slo gan 'in time of peace prepare for war is incorrect, and should be. 'in time of war. prepare for peace.' " He argued this proposition at great length. He cited as unanswerable and conclusive proof of the correctness of his position, all reason, all history, and the present war in Europe. He urged further patience and that the United States In the crisis should not use force to enforce Its contentions i with Germany. He urged a broad In- ternationallsm. He did not say one word in favor of patriotism. He did not say one word about standing by the President of the United States In the step he had taken In severing diplo matic relations with Germany. He did not say one word about stand ing by the President of the United States In any future step that he would take In this crisis. This was an open forum meeting and Rev. vllliam G. Eliot presided, and the meeting was open for discussion under the rule that each speaker would be limited to five minutes, and could speak but once, unless there was no one else desiring to speak, when one who had spoken could speak again if the limited time for the meeting had not expired, and Dr. Foster would close the meeting with a five-minute address. I was deeply moved by the address of President Foster, as it seemed to me that he was wrong, utterly wrong. In his dogmatic rtatements of reason, life and history. It seemed to me to be very, very harmful, that he should In that crisis stand up and offer in speak ing -upon "The New Crisis and the IN ex t Step" only the arguments mentioned above, and that he should utter not one ord in favor of patriotism, or of stand ing by the President of the United States in this crisis. In accordance with the above rules. I arose, went upon the platform, and earnestly protested against Dr. Foster's address as Incorrect, and that life, rea son and history were different from his statements about them. I called at tention that there was no word up holding the President of the United States in the crisis in President Foster's address, ana I urged standing by the President of the United States in this Crisis. I did not ur war hut- tn stanH fby the President In this crisis. As a refu-tati.on of the doctrine advo cated by Dr. Foster, I cited that the pioneers who settled this country came armed for defense against the Indians. I urged tha. President Foster's address was impractical and Idealistic. Wo one else offering to speak. Dr. Eliot called upon President Foster to close the meeting In a five-minute ad dress. President Foster In closing did not say .one word in favor of standing by the President of the United States in the crisis. He reaffirmed his argu ments and called attention to the fact that we had haa Indian wars In the settling- of this country as proof of the correctness of his contentions and as a refutation of my argument In oppo sition thereto. I submit that the acts of President Foster '"Isprove his statement that he has "stood by the President of the Vnited States in every step he haa taken ana every utterance he has made since the war began, and that he haa so declared himself In more than 40 public addresses." The luncheon of the lawyers' naval auxiliary at the Hotel Multnomah last Tuesday was arranged in nrt tn t, Issue with the public teachings of Presl- aent w. . .r oster and the Reed College professors and Professor David Starr Jordan, who have been for so long preaching pacifism and socialism In Its most extreme form in our midst. President Foster was not condemned unheard. President Foster has been heard so much, and has done so much harm in misleading this community on vltar public issues, that it seemed prop er that opposition to his addresses and to the addresses of others to the same effect should be made at this critical time. RALPH E. DU.MWAr. . Moslem Divorce. Literary Digest. Moslem writers and their supporters In this country frequently emphasize the superior status- of the women of Islam In comparison with their West ern sisters. Some recent divorce court proceedings bring to light the fact at least that when a dissolution of the marriage relation is desired in Moslem lands the husband is the only one possessing the right of divorce. The woman's only recourse appears to be to change her religion, by which means she automatically disposes of her husband. Suit for Divorce. CHEHAXIS, Wash., March 1. (To the Editor.) Must a person from an other state seeking a divorce In the state of Washington live there a defi nite length of time, or Is It only neces sary to establish a legal residence? How long In each case? READER. Residence of one year Is required In each case. Ingeraoll on Death Bed. ST. HELENS, Or., March 1. (To the Editor.) Please tell me whether Rob ert Ingersoll confessed on his deathbed that all his teachings were wrong. CALY STANwOOD. Reported deathbed religious changes of opinion on the part of Robert G. In gersoll are denied' by members of his family who were present. Kerosene and Shoes). PORTLAND. March 2. (To the Edi tor.) Is kerosene Injurious to tan shoes when applied for cleaning pur poses? H. A. Kerosene soaks Into the leather and darkens It. arid 1a not considered a good article for cleaning any shoe leather. It does not evaporate readily, nor does the odor leave soon. Wager on Hockey. PORTLAND, March 1. (To the Edi tor.) A bets that the total score made by each team In an Ice hockey game will be an even number and B bets it will be an odd number. The score was 0 to 0. Who wins? A SUBSCRIBER. Nothing la neither even nor odd. The bet is off. TOO MUCH SOCIALISM HURTS REED Collece and State Hampered by Propa ganda Which Professors Aid. PORTLAND March 2. (To the -Editor.) I have read with interest your editorials of March 1 and March 2. in reference to Reed College and to the Socialistic tendencies of colleges In general. Your editorials open up a big subject which is fast becoming a National peril. But permit me to con fine myself to local conditions and to Reed College. It would seem to me that the presi dent of Reed College and some of the faculty are suffering with an ailment common to young professors, . and which comes only too often. as the re sult of the one-sided education and one-sided life which the college pro fessor has. It occurs to me that the president of Reed College is exceeding ly fond of opportunity to deliver him self in public of his Socialistic Ideas. Portland and Oregon are suffering throughout the United States today as the result of too much Socialism, in both legislation and business. And It would seem to me that the board of trustees of Reed College would confer a ravor on this community by either curbing the public Socialistic utter ances of Its president, or by Inviting him to secure other fields in which to exploit his Socialism. Reed College is, I understand, a large owner of real estate and is largely de pendent for Its revenue on Its rents, and rents In turn are based upon the prosperity of a community. Because Portland has been suffering lack of prosperity her rents have gone down, and consequently the revenue of Reed College has gone down, until the trus tees have been obliged to curtail some of their plans, I am told. The success of Reed College will depend upon the success of Portland. There are a great many construc tive and conservative business men In this community who wish to see Port land a first-class, successful city, but real progress cannot succeed In a com munity where class Is arrayed against class, as Is so frequently done In Port land through unbridled speech so fre quently heard from Socialistic soapbox orators of the I. W. W. class on the one hand, and from Socialistic college professors on the other hand. Reed College seems to have the ear-marks of being a hotbed of Socialism, If we are to judge Reed College by some of the utterances of Its president and some of Its professors. It seems, at times, as though college professors lose sight of the fact that colleges are run by money which must come from some earning source. Money Is earned through constructive business methods, and not by pulling down the whole fabric of organized government and of organized business. There must be order and there must be a head, to business and to government. Colleges must teach their students more constructive Ideas and less ram pant Socialism, and the time is not far distant when the type of one-sided col lege professor, educated beyond his In tellect, will find himself out of a Job. But this statement refers to the sub ject at. large, and Is not Intended as a drive at the local institution. What Portland needs is less tearing down and more putting together. H. H. WARD. V .f r 1 TTara. T .n, i, Roard. FORT ROCK, Or.. Feb. 28. (To the Editor.) Kindly give the names of the members of the Federal Farm Loan -Dna V. viamAi rf th flnnmiser and the register appointed for the Spokane Federal Land tfanK in tne iztn reaerai Land Bank district, and the names of the directors appointed: to organize me Spokane i-eaerai una uamt. FREDERICK C. SCHAFER. The membership, of the Federal Farm Loan Board Is as fbllows: Will iam G. McAdoo, ex-officlo chairman; George W. Norrls, Farm Loan Com missioner; Charles E. Lobdell, W. S. A Smith and Herbert Quick. The direc tors and officers of the Spokane Fed eral Land Bank have not yet been named. Campfire Girls, UMATIXiLA. Or.. March 1. (To the Editor.) rTo whom -can I write to get full instructions on organizing the Campfire Girle? MISS IDA POWELL Write to Miss Helen Gillespie. 411 East Eleventh street North, Port land, Or. Work on Alaskan Harbor. OREGON CITY, Or., March 1. (To the Editor.) Please tell me how I can find out about the Government work in Alaska, whom to applv to and when It begins. A SUBSCRIBER. Write to Alaska Railroad Commis sion. L. C. Smith buildinp. Seattle. Just a Few Reasons for the Estab lished Popularity of THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN UNEXCELLED IN NEWS SERVICE The latest wort of important events, transpiring or impending, is to be found in The Oregonian. Its reliability as a nevs medium is acclaimed by many thousands of well-informed readers. "It's so," they say, '"we saw it in The Oregonian." Asy your newsboy or news dealer. WHY CANT BEAUTY HOLD IIUSBAND? Infatuation induced by dazzling feminine charms, avers Marguerite Norse, a special con tributor to The Sunday Oregonian, frequently ends in the divorce court. Why? The question remains unanswered, but a score of luckless husbands are cited to prove that wifely beauty doesnt always make a happy home. KAUFMAN'S HAPPY "SLANT" AT LIFE Of thousands of news paper features published in recent years, few have attained the instant and lasting popularity that crowns the once-a-week page of optimistic philosophy, written for The Sunday Oregonian by Herbert Kaufman. Good to read and to remember PLUCKY WOMEN OF ALASKA An illuminating yarn of the Kegoayah Kozga, which isn't a wilderness river, nor a patent medi cine, but is a thoroughly modern woman's club attNome, Alaska Frank G. Carpenter, raconteur of the Far North, tells of the women who are making homes and happiness in Alaskan communities. POEMS of YESTERYEAR The deluged desk of the Old Poems edi tor is piled- with the poetic drift of many years, awaiting republi cation for readers of The Sunday Oregonian. Each week are se lected those poems that lie closest to the hearts of contributors. "Those Evening Bells," an ever-to-be-remembered lyric of Thomas Moore, holds the place of honor in the Sunday issue. TOLD IN PICTURES Gleaned by the camera from a torpedoed ship, its deck a-slant for the plunge, or from a polished floor at a Palm Beach dancing party, these pictures of interesting events are of actual news value and great interest. With paragraphs of ex planation , CHURCH AND SCHOOL A page apiece, devoted to the discussion of topics concerning Portland's schools and churches. Read the Sunday sermon, by Dr. John II. Boyd, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, who traces the personality of Jesus through the gospels. PATRIA Last of "the fighting Channings," the adventures of the audacious and adorable Patria, a3 detailed by Louis Joseph Vance, find high favor with many readers. Read the story and see, it in motion pictures, with Mrs. Vernon Castle as Patria. TREND OF FASHION Timely talks, with photographed illustra tions, on the mode of the present season smart gowns, frocks, coats and millinery. For the well-dressed woman and her sister, who seeks to know how, these features will be found authoritative and indispensable. ; 1 A Nickel and a Nod to Your Newsie Buys , THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN In Other Days Twenty-five Years Aaro. From The Oregonian of March 8, 189X New Orleans. The much-talked of Fitzslmmons-Maher match Is over and "Fitz" is winner, the Irishman having given up the fight, a badly punished man, after 12 rounds. Mrs. Ida M. Berry, of San Jose. Cal for years prominently identified with the W. C. T. U. of that city, is visiting Mrs. Lucy A. Mallory, 193 Sixth Btreet- F. W. Leadbetter. manager of the Northwestern Guardsman, left yester day for Puget Sound. Bids will be received today for the construction of a building for the med ical department of the University of Oregon. It Is to be erected by the medical faculty and will be 46 by 98 feet, three stories and basement, at Twenty-second and, Lovejo streets. President Eliot, of Harvard who Is visiting in California, will visit Port land soon. Miss Gale, with a Booth-Barrett Company, will be at the Marquam next week in a repertoire including "Romeo and Juliet," "Ingomar." "As You Like It," "The Lady of Lyons" and "Much Ado About Nothing." Cary Chapman, of Powell's Valley, and Mrs. Hutchins, of East Portland, were married last week. Fire Protection In School. PORTLAND. March 2. (To the Ed itor.) (1) Are there laws, either state or city, concerning fire protection in privately owned schools In Portland? (2) If so. Is it required that the exits of schoolrooms open toward the out side? (3) Must exits to fire-escapes and hallways be marked by signs? Are Are drills required? (4) What is the penalty for failure to comply with the above mentioned requirements, If there are such? CHARLES STRUBE. JR. (1) The building code does not distin guish between public and private schools; therefore the regulations set forth by the code apply to both publlo and private schools. ' (2) School buildings, whether publlo or private, constructed under the pro visions of the existing building code, are required to have doors opening out ward. (3) Where fire-escapes are required by the present code for schools proper signs are required also. As far as we know there Is no city regulation re quiring fire drills In school buildings. (4) The maximum penalty provided for a violation of the building code Is a fine of $500 or imprisonment for six months. Curing; Mole Skins. YAMHILL, Or.. March 1. (To the Editor.) Please give me directions for curing mole skins and tell me their market value. M, M. G. Mole skin should be split down the middle of the stomach. The grease and flesh should be carefully scraped from the inner ekln and the pelf stretched on a board Inside up and allowed to dry. Little tacks at the extreme edges will fasten it. If properly scraped the skin will dry to a clean, shiny finish. The pelt must not be torn or broken in any place and the head may be left on. If. however, the pelt does become torn it will have some value. The value of the mole skins depends largely on the condition in which the furriers receive them and market at from 6 to 25 cents. Buyers generally require that shipments contain at least 20 pelts. now to I.I-re on 10 Cents a Day. PORTLAND. March 2. (To the Edi tor ) I trust that I am not Imposing In submitting the following menu to cheapen the high cost of living: BREAKFAST. Fried smelt. Coffee. LUNCHEON. Baked smelt. Milk. DINNER. Bmelt cocktail. Smelt soup. Stewed smelt. Smelt au iratln. Smelt salad. Soiled smelt with rice. Tea. If anyone feels hungry after eating the above, serve raw smelt. Cost 10 cents per day. and If continued cost jle- creases. j. n ' 1 '-1