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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 6, 1917)
T1IE 31011X1X4 OREGONIAX, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1917. m$ top maw PORTLAXD, OREOOy. Entered t Portland Ore-on) Postofflce u second-class mall matter. " Subscription rates Invariably In advance.: (By Mall.) Ia!l7. Sunday Included, one ysstr. .. .. . f S.00 Dally, Sunday Included, Btx month.... 4.25 ZaUy, Sunday Included, three months.. S.25 rally, Sunday Included, one month 73 Dally, without Sunday, one year........ 00 Dally, without Sunday, three month!.. 1.TS Dally, without Sunday, one month 00 Weekly, one year 1.60 Sunday, one year 8-60 Sunday and Weekly B.B0 (By Carrier.) Xlly, Sunday Included, one year...... 9.00 bally, Sunday Included, one month..... .15 Hew to Remit Send poetofftce money rdsr. express order or personal check -on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflce ad aress in full, Including county and' state. JEestage Rates 12 to IS pares, 1 seat: 18 to 82 pages. 2 cents; 84 to 48 pases, 8 ante; B0 to 60 paces, 4 cents; 2 te 7S , paa-ee, 0 cents; 78 to 82 pases, 6 cents. ' Forelirn postage double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree ft Conk llft. Brunswick building. New York; Verree st Conklln, ' Steger building, Chicairo; San Francisco representative, R. J. Bldwell, 742 Market street. -. their way; no elevator will send It elsewhere. Careful study of the able and exhaustive report made by G. B. Hegardt, engineer of the Dock Com mission, on methods of grain handling, leaves no room for doubt that the change from sacks to bulk is destined to be permanent. Doubtless it was hastened by the cost and scarcity of sacks, but it would be a mistake to assume that, when this Influence Is removed, there will be a return to the use of sacks. Those objections to sacks are likely to continue for sev eral years, and so long as they con tinue the erection of elevators for bulk handling in -the interior may be expected to continue. "Wherever the change Ba-o been made, farmers are of one mind in declaring that they will never return to sacks. Bulk han dling is the rule in every other grain- growing section of the United States, world prices are Quoted for bulk wheat and the time was ripe for a change in the Pacific Northwest. It was in evitable, and was only hastened by the conditions growing" out of the war. rOKTLA D, TCESBAY. JAJNCAKI . 1817. WHAT AMERICANS FIGHT FOB. If the United States should be drawn into war with Germany -it would be fighting for the interests of all nations by fighting for its own in terests. There need be no fear that this country would fight a purely sel fish war. It has always -fought for liberty. Justice and humanity. The way of Independence was fought for liberty in order to escape the injus tice of British taxation. The war of 1812 was fought for the freedom of the seas. The Mexican War was fought for the independence of Texas and for its union with this republic. The Civil War had for its ultimate end the extension of liberty to all people within the republic. The Span ish War was fought for the liberation of Cuba and resulted In the same blessing to other Spanish colonies. Every war which this Nation has fought has been fought In the cause of those principles for which we now contend, and has resulted in their ex tension until we are looked up to as their foremost champion. This being the record of the Ameri can people, it is unnecessary for any man to say that we ought not to fight a selfish war. To say so is to imply that we have fought for purely selfish ends, and have made selfish gains by our victories. It may bo said that by fighting for our own right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happl nesB in the Revolution, we fought for a selfish end, yet in so doing we fought for the establishment of those principles which form the foundation of free government. We made this Nation a living example of a people well governed by themselves, thus dis proving the basic theory of monarchy that orderly government cannot spring from the people, but must come to them from above, from a selected class or family endowment with a genius for governing. The example of America has been an. inspiration to other nations, and has been a powerful Influence in the establishment of other republics, in the change of other na. tions into democracies In fact while thev remain monarchies in form, and in the extension of self-government by Great Britain to her dominions. We have stood for the opportunity of Latin-America to develop into free democracies. Our sympathy has al ways been freely given to other nations which were engaged in struggles like our own. and in the Spanish War that sympathy went to the length of armed intervention. Though' we had a rja t rt al self-interest in fighting each of our wars, the rights for which we con tend are the rights of all mankind hence we fought for mankind. The principle for which we now contend is a development or mat on which this republic was founded. It is the right of peaceful nations to travel and trade by sea unmolested by nations at war, so long as they show no favor to any of tnose na tions and so long as they take the lawful risks of trade in contraband goods. When the republic was in its Infancy we upheld that principle against both Prance and Britain, and the war of 18 1Z was lougm in its oe fense. It was finally established in 1366. when by the treaty of Paris the powers of Europe accepted the rule of "free ships, free goods." In our dispute with Germany we now uphold it against more deadly assaults, for we are called upon to defend not only the safety of our ships and our goods, but the lives of our citizens against wholesale slaughter at sea. If we es tablish the right for which we now contend we shall establish it not for ourselves alone, but for all nations, Those persons who strive to hold back the American people from re siRttnsr the dictation of Germany as to rmr use of the ocean highways lest we embark on a war for selfish ag gression show a distrust which is ut terlv without warrant. Such a war is contrary to the principles on which the Nation is founded, and our en tire military record pnoves our fidelity to those principles. . We need have no misgivings on that score, for we can safely assume that we shall never do in the future that which we have never done in the past. GRAIN ELEVATORS. . Portland is called upon by the grain - growers of the Pacific Northwest to change its facilities for handling grain for export if It wishes to retain their business. The high price of sacks and the difficulty of obtaining them at any price have given a great impetus to the change from sack to bulk nan dling of grain. This movement gains force from the fact that sacking is much less necessary since ships gave ud the Cape Horn route for-the Pana . ma Canal route to Europe. The short experience bad by some growers has convinced them that there is great economy in bulk handling. They ask Portland to provide a public elevator in order that they may ship bulk grain to this port. Other ports have already provided for bulk handling. Seattle has an elevator of 1,000,000 bushels capacity. and Vancouver, B. C, has one of 1 250,000. If Portland is to hold its lead in the export business. It must do likewise. Of the 60,000,000 bushels of wheat grown in Oregon, Washington and Idaho in an average year, about 86,000,000 is in competitive territory and will be shipped to tne port oner Ing the best facilities. Hitherto more than half the wheat exported as wheat and flour from the Pacific Northwest has been shipped from Portland. W ith out an elevator much of this business is likely to be lost. With an elevator this port's share may well be increased, not only from the three states named but from Montana arid Utah, which are fast increasing their grain produc tion. An elevator will draw wheat PATRIOTISM. The other day, at a luncheon, a speaker who proclaims his Socialist beliefs and affiliations boastfully an nounced that he had no sentiment or feeling of patriotism; now we hear from Mr. Barzee, complaining because the all but traitorous utterance was hissed. We admit its publication main ly to permit Socialist Barzee to define his own status in a crisis which may profoundly affect him and every other citizen. It was Samuel Johnson who said that patriotism is the "last refuge of scoundrel 1." It was the cant and bun combe and pretense of a spurious pa triotism that the sturdy old loyalist denounced, not Its expression and practice of patriotism by the devoted citizen of any nation. But Socialist Barzee would abolish patriotism out right and would substitute fraternity. A righteous Impulse to stigmatize as disloyal any man who is bold enough to declare his want of patriotism gives way to a feeling of pity for him. One may be sorry for another who confes ses that the sight of the flag1 his flag tirs within him no feeling of emo tion, no thrill of sentiment, no remem brance of the deeds of the fathers who gave him his birthright of liberty. equality, and fraternity. If patriotism is a mere word, frater nity just is another word. It is rather more general and indefinite than pa-I trlotism. We cannot imagine Mr. Bar zee giving up. his life for fraternity; thousands and millions have died for their country, and your Socialist re proaches them for it. We repeat that we are sorry for him or them. We ad vise all the Barzees to .keep away from Flag Day exercises, where thousands of children in unison declaim their creed of loyalty and duty, and salute the Stars and Stripes. The Barzees might be stirred by an emotion to which they supposed themselves for ever dead. They would not welcome It. steam boiler furnace; others were an amusement apparatus, an Incubator, three automatic airbrakes and many electric devices, the patents for which were bought by the General Electric, the "Westingho-use Airbrake, the Bell Telephone and the American Engin eering companies. Many other inventions, a consider able number of which are in general use. are mentioned by Mr. Baker. They are numerous, useful and va rious enough to prove that, when given education, mechanical training -and the incentive of profit, the negro sur passes all reasonable expectation in in ventive genius, especially when we consider how lately he entered the field. SOUTHERN STTXEt We shall not attempt to name the most appropriate term for the resolu tions adopted unanimously by the Ken tucky Klick. "Postmortem," "coro ner's Inquest" and "roast crow south ern style," come to mind. But -per haps there is something better. All of these seem somewhat bromldlc. Some appxobrlous epithet is needed Let every one examine the grewsome exhibits, the uncompromising verdict of the culinary product as presented by the Kentucky Klick and confirm this for himself. It commends the sterling efforts of Senator Chamberlain and his post masters in behalf of the Democratic party; it blames ex-Governor West, the Journal and Senator Lane for monkey ing with the machinery. All of that Is very well. But thereupon these true Southern gentlemen violate established traditions by fixing the Internal prox imate cause of Democracy's defeat in Oregon upon woman, lovely woman. What of Southern chivalry? Blaming Democratic women -for their treatment of the "Golden Special" might be over looked as coming from Tankee Repub licans but from men of the Sunny South, fie, fiel Our understanding of Southern chiv alry Is that It holds that the queen of the fireside can make no mistake. Whatever she does is right. It is our painful duty to remind each Kllcker that he is first of all a gentleman, The Klick should retract the ungra cious charge. NEGROES AS INVENTORS. A favorite argument of detractors of the negroes is that they have done nothing in the field of invention. When it is remembered that until more than half a century ago they did not even own themselves, this would be small cause for surprise, if it were true, but it Is not true. After reading an ar ticle on the subject in "The Journal of Negro History," the wonder is not that they have done so little, but that they have done so much since they emerged from slavery. Even before emancipation the in ventive genius of the negro had been displayed. A slave family named Montgomery-on the estate of Jefferson Davis made several mechanical dis coveries which were adopted by their masters. One of them Invented boat propeller, which Davis tried to have patented, and his failure prompt ed him to procure the passage by the Confederate Congress of a law giving slave owners the right to patent for their own benefit any device invented by their slaves. It was held by- the United States Attorney-General in 1858 that an invention could not be pat ented either by a slave or his owner, But as early as 184 6 Norbert Rillieux, a colored Creole of Louisiana, who was a free man, patented a vacuum pan which revolutionized the method of refining sugar. He also devised a system pf sewerage for New Orleans which was rejected through preju dice against his race. Since the Civil War negroes have obtained more than a thousand pat ents. and many more have made in ventions which they failed to patent either through lack of funds or of proper records, while many others who have obtained patents have con cealed their race through fear of pre judice. The lasting machine, which is the first of the series upon which the great business of the United Shoe Machinery Company is founded, was invented by Jan E. Matzeliger, th mulatto son of a Dutch engineer and a negro woman of Dutch Guiana. An other successful industry, has been founded on a screw for tobacco presses invented by John P.. Parker, of Ripley, O. Elijah McCoy has in vented about fifty devices for auto matic lubrication of machinery, some of which have been in general use. The late Granville T. Woods, of New Tork, was a prolific Inventor and was noted for the variety as for the num ber of his devices. His first was BET THINGS MOVING. In deciding to organize a company which will help to finance manufac turing companies in Portland, the Chamber of Commerce is going the practical way about supplying one of the city's great needs -industries. By establishing manufactures, Portland will supply a market for the raw ma terials produced In the Oregon coun try and imported from abroad, will provide cargoes for both incoming and outgoing ocean ships, thus expanding the city's commerce, and will add to the population a prosperous industrial element. The most solid basis of a thriving community is such a popula tion, among which wages are regularly disbursed for distribution through all channels of trade. Location of industries in Portland in any number is possible only through readiness of the citizens to supply all needed information and to back their statements by subscribing a part of the capital in each case. Information which is useful for one Is useful for all. and should be prepared and kept up to date by the citizens, ready to be supplied to any persons desiring It. Other cities have it ready to hand, they are close competitors with us for manufactures and. if we leave each newcomer to collect this information for himself, we are left behind in the race. All data as to sites, their cost, rail and water connections and rates. raw material and markets for fin ished products should be collected once for all as to' each Industry for which the city offers a field. The same statements apply In gren- eral to financing of manufactures. A stranger, who goes from one man to another seeking to interest local cap ital is' under an obvious handicap. He meets with rebuffs from men who do not know him, he wastes time in ex plaining his project to each one and he is apt to grow weary and give up in disgust. A local organization is needed, in charge of a man In whom the substantial men of the city have implicit confidence, and to which the capital for development of industries should be entrusted. The man in question should give the manufacturer all the information he needs to guide him in deciding whether to locate here, and should himself Investigate the manufacturer and his project. If the manager puts the stamp of his approval on the project, the organiza tion should subscribe in a lump sum the local capital desired and thus save the time and labor of a personal can vass. By going to work on these lines, the Chamber of Commerce has a good prospect of achieving something. The undertaking is not one of the nature which the Chamber can carry on in conjunction with Its manifold other work, and do it successfully. A sep arate organization devoted to that work alone is required. The Chamber will have done Its part when it has secured the man for manager upon whose Judgment men will stake their money, and has also secured the need ed capital, with a plan of operation. Having thus set the machinery going, the Chamber can better leave it to be operated independently, but with the general co-operation which Is due from one public body to another for the upbuilding of the city. The time Is ripe for action In Indus trial development. Shipbuilding has made opportunities for various other ndustrles. The city has taken on new1! energy. Capital Is abundant ana, as the war trade boom dies down. Its owners will be seeking new fields of operation. It is incumbent on Port land to showvthem the opportunities the city has to offer, and to do so promptly, without waste of time and effort. If this be done, Portland will in a few years loom large on the Indus trial map of the country. special license to sail In convoy and to conform to strict rules under pen alty of heavy fine and loss of Insur ance. ' The convoy system would enable the Government to extend the protection of Its available ' resources In ships, guns and men over a much larger number of vessels than would the policy of placing guns and gun crews on each Individual merchant ship. The last report of Secretary Daniels shows that there were in service 117 cruisers of various types, destroyers and torpedo-boats, but his list in cludes several which are unseaworthy and are used as training ships, also the cruiser Milwaukee, which has been wrecked. The fleet might be rein forced by arming fast liners and yachts and by hastening completion of naval vessels now under construction. Since the recent increased destruc tion by German submarines It has been reported that the British gov ernment intended to arm every mer chant ship, but that report has since been denied. To- do so would require a vast number of men and guns, which might be better employed on warships or in land operations. It Is stated, however, that Britain has 4000 armed ships of various types adapted to the protection of shipping. . If to these were added those at the disposal of Britain's allies and of other neutral nations which may join the United States In protective measures, there would probably be ten such vessels for every submarine which the Teuton nations can send to sea. ' Although the undersea-boat has a great advantage in Invisibility when submerged and in being a poor target when on the sur face, these odds in numbers should equalize matters, U-boats are now being painted sea color, they 11 low, even when on the surface, and are often hidden in the trough of the sea. while any surface ship Is an easy mark. With equal numbers the chances may well be ten to one in favor of the U boat, and only vastly superior num bers may enable surface ships to cop with It. Gleams Through the Mist. By Den Collin. One of the hitherto little known facts that the war has brought to at tention of the world is that tho grow ing of cotton is making rapid progress In Russia. There is a general belief that in the not distant future enough of this staple will be produced there to meet all home demands. Last year's crop was especially good In Cen tral Asia, and with the addition of the crop of the Caucasus there was a total production In the empire of 730,000,- 00 pounds. For 1917 the acreage has been increased more than 2 per cent, despite the relative scarcity of field labor, which Is a highly significant fact. Marked advantage has been gained by adoption as a war measure of a central system of distribution, the entire crop being in the hands of a central committee, which has appor tioned it according to the needs of va rious factories. Imports of the staple last year were only one-third as great as the home production, which is a remarkable change In a situation in which the country not very long ago was wholly dependent on other coun tries, chiefly the United States, for its supply. Manufacturing of cloth also is increasing as a result, and use of cotton goods also will grow. HOW SHIPS MAT BE PROTECTED. President Wilson's statement In his address to Congress that. In case of attack on American ships, he would ask for authority to protect them. opens the question by what means this protection would be afforded. Even if the United States were to leave the allies and other neutrals to protect American citizens and property that were carried under their respective flags, protection of American ships would be no light task for the Ameri can Navy. Possibly merchant ships might be armed with guns and supplied with naval gun crews for their individual defense. As Germany's indiscriminate war on all ships removes the motive for arming for defense only, the guns might be numerous and heavy enough for offense as well as defense, that they might attack every hostile submarine on sight. By common agreement the allies and neutrals might withdraw their submarines from the. sea, in order that every submarine sighted might be safely assumed to belong to Germany or one of that country's allies and attacked as such. Thia policy, however, would require, so many guns and gunners and so much ammunition as to draw away much of the -supply needed for the Navy. The Government might consider necessary preparation for general hostilities against the Teutonic powers, which would require devotion of all the Na tion's fesources in trained men and material to equipment of warships. In that event, resort might be had to the old system of convoy. This term is applied to a fleet of merchant ships which sail under the protection of one or more warships and are un der the orders of their commander. The merchant ships of a nation bound from any general direction to Europe were ordered to assemble at one port, and then sailed In company. In this manner the British fishing fleet from Newfoundland, the British fleet in the West India trade and the Spanish treasure fleet from America used to cross the Atlantic, And some of the fiercest naval battles of the seven teenth and eighteenth centuries were fought in efforts to repel attacks on convoys Merchant captains were often re luctant to obey the orders of naval officers, and would often leave the fleet on approaching their destination at the risk of capture by privateers. French naval officers had power to punish them for disobedience, and, in 1803 the British Parliament passed a law requiring all vessels not exempted by BONEVDRT BACCHANALIA. I heard a roose his honking- loos Hl-rli In tne sky as he went by On Northward wing- and sang- the true Of happy Spring; and everything" That makes old Winter say Qood-Byer" While geese fare North for all they're worth , John Barleycorn Is headed South, With legislative kick sent forth. And cursed by many a dust-dry mouth; Though Spring- has come, the Demon rum Is banished, exiled, muzzled, dumb. And we must think what sort of drink Shall now o'erflow our glasses brink. I hear the goose falsi honking loose; I see the crocus In ths grass; And through the druggist's window glass I see, I see the Sassafras, And fond, long memories bring- te tne A hot cub of Its) pinky tea. Oh, what care I if we're bone-dry And booze Is put upon the blink. for eace again me thinks that I Shall taste the good, old childhood drink. And from the fragrant, steaming cup Get what will tone my system up. Harked back te the good, old childhood scenes, "ond memory mirrors in It class The dish of dandelion greens. The morning eup of sassafras; Twas Just the thing in early Spring To make one's liver rise and sing. To drlre the torpor from the head And make the corpuscles turn rsd. X hear the goose his honkwur loose And Sprlns; comes, charming as the dtua While Winter goes with all Its snows And Barleycorn goes out of use. But I will dance a merry dance And I'll advance to take a chance On childhood's good, old steaming- draft. Ana wnne they pass the Sassafras, care i it we're bone-dry And demon rum no mere Is nnaffJ While I can hoist the steaming cup And tune my weary Hver up. As the Shipping Board is Secretary McAdoo's pet creation, he naturally wishes to have It organized to suit himself. Besides, there was no further reason to consider Mr. Baker; he had got all hjs wanted out of the Balti morean, but California was to be firm ly attached to the Democratic party. Gratitude Is a lively sense of favors to come. Mr. Gompers will appeal In vain to German labor to use Influence against war. In the first place, the labor ele ment In Germany has no influence to use in tlmt direction, and In the second place German labor is loyal, just as labor is In Britain ' and the United States. There is this comfort to be derived from the withdrawal of General Per shing's army from Mexlcothat it gets home in time to be ready for any thing else that may turn up.In case of need, it could hold about a mile of trench. Salem has started a game which other Oregon towns, bearing names duplicated by towns in- other states. might play. There Is Springfield, for example. It might tell all the other Sprlngfields to get off the map. When all neutrals sever relations and Germany is Isolated the Kaiser will continue to fight, for that Is the Kaiser's way. That is the pity of it, too, for Germans are a brave people. THH LAST SAEKGERFEST, ine time has come, as the walrus is reputed to have said, to talk of many things, but among these the cup that cheers is to be no more a toplo. True to our decision, we put ths Ud on within the alio ted five days after the signing- of the bill that make Ore gon a Sahara, and on this occasion wa bid the bards father around us for a last grand chorus. D. H. B. R, the wild pote of the Arctio Circle, beats his tomtom of wal rus hide and sings briefly and effect ively the following blurb, which we take pleasure In repeating: Of thirst I burst! And apropos the thirst mentioned by D. H. B. R., a pale sweet singer has unoorked the following little lay and poured It out among- the other libations in the Last Saengerfest: The thirst that once through Portland's grills The soul of wassail shed. It now Is stiller than the stills. As If that soul had fled. , So sleeps the pride of former days So ancient r?orles die. No more the bottles deck the trays And Oregon Is dry. No more at gents and ladles bright The cabaret girl yells. No mors do week-end guests delight In tipsy cap and bells. The waiter seldom stirs his pegs. The only move he gives la" when I call for ham and eggs. To see If still he Uvea Regretfully picking his banjo, there rlseth another sad bard, with the fol lowing reminiscent burble: Til' OL SIIOXGS. I cannot shlng- th; ol' shongs We ushtor shlng somehow; I cannot shlng the ol shongs. Cause I'm too shober oowi An now that I am shober, I'm slowly coming round To shee how sll-hlc-sllly That sort of ol' shongs shound. And, then, with a clash of cymbals, W. S. masks himself so as to be un recognizable, and -limericks thus: THE TIGER. If you go to the den of the tiger. Just ask for plain tea or vln-l-gsr. For In these days you'll find That the poor beast Is blind. And labels don't count with a tiger. And while you may search to and fro For the den of the tlgrer I know You will find that hs lies Burled up to the eyes With his head in a boot-leg-. Ho-ho: (Note W. t. lost his rhyming die tionary, be says, and that's why we let him get by with this.) And now all gather around th empty decanter, and while we pip weird notes from its dry neck, let u lift up positively our last chorus to the departed demon. The boys of A troop and battery must not be discouraged if they do not come home.' The experience will qualify all for commissions In the army of five millions that may be created. It looks as If Germany were to be subjected to an Intensive bombard ment of notes of protest, accompanied by a suggestion of something more ef fective to follow. Now where are all the hyphenated citizens we heard so much about a year or two ago? All of them have shed their hyphens and become good Americans. An Efficiency Club of women "over 4 5" cannot have many members. The hiatus from 25 to 65 is too great to be bridged. So much is done under the plea of insanity, it is no wonder a real lunatic elopes from the asylum In disgust oc casionally. - The Chinese dragon is very brave on land, but If it were to sight a sub marine at sea, it would dive for safety. When Jitneys In collision Jump the sidewalk and smash windows, what assurance of safety has the pedestrian 7 . Now is the time for all who want commissions to step to the front. The enlisted men will move later. Real war news is shocking, with out publication of fake news of alleged disaster. Good idea to abandon the inaugural. but save the festivities for a grand re view. Henry Ford shows he wants peace by getting into the real line. There is time yet for this world war to see its end on the water. Tention, Efficiency Club! 45 make good soldiers. Men over Uncle Sam can have anything he wants for the asking. COKO.XACH. He Is gone on the mountain. He Is lost to the city, Like a Summer-dried fountain. And more Is the pity. The fount reappearing May hearten us gleemen. Hut, alas, we are fearing 'Sail off with the Demon. The throat of the fellow Unused to ths water. Ah, how shall It mellow When Summer grows hottert When Chrlstmastlde thunders With Joy bells so merry. What'll we do, one wonders. Without Tom and Jerry. The Jag that was Jolly, Ths soues that was silly. The frolic of folly. In grilles that were grllley. Are fled Wlke the dewdrop While sadly sing we men; So let's me and you drop Some flowers o'er the Demon, Address of Dr. Evans. PORTLAND, Feb. 5. (To the Edl tor.) Please advise how a communica tion should be addressed to reach Dr W. A Evans, who edits the column on the editorial page of your pa-per unde the caption "How to Keep Well." WhAi addressing an inquiry to the doctor is It necessary to sign full name and glv address? SUBSCRIBER. Address Inquiries to Dr. W. A. Evan care of The Oregonlan. or direct to him care of Chicago Tribune. It Is not pos sible" for Dr. Evans to answer in his column all questions received, or for The Oregonlan to publish all that he does answer. So subscribers are ad vised to enclose a stamped self-ad dressed envelope with their questions. EXPERIMENT STATIONS PAY WAT. Director Points Oat Specific Pablle Benefits of Lars;) Importaace. CORVALLIS. Or.. Feb. 4. (To tho Editor.) Allow mo to correct misstatement by Mr, Fred Top- ken in the Sunday Oregonlan. Speaking of appropriations to the Oregon Agricultural College for ex perimental purposes, ha states that (43,000 of federal appropriations have to receive at least an equal amount from the state in order to- re ceive this amount from the United States."' If tl.e statement were true It would enable the Experiment Sta tion to conduct a number of important Investigations which are urged by va rious agricultural and horticultural Interests. The truth is. however, that the state dup'ici tes only two email Federal appropriations for experi mental work one of $2500 for the upport of the co-operative work at the Dry Farming Station at Moro, and the other of $3000 for the co-operative work at Hermlston. Six years ago, at the urgent request f horticultural and agricultural In terests, and of various commercial clubs, the Legislature appropriated 25.000 annually for Investigations by the Experiment Station; but this ap propriation was repealed two years ago, leaving the Experiment Station without any state appropriations ex cept those for the support of Its seven branch stations. These appropria tions aggregate $28,000, including the $5500 mentioned above. Mr. Topken was particularly unfor- unate In selecting the flax, logan berry and broccoli Industries to liiua trate his contention that the college should march at the front of practl cai progress, not In the rear." Attention may be called to the fact that the Experiment Station published one bulletin on Flax Culture in Ore gon" in 1897, and another in 1898 When it became evident that, al though a superior quality of flax could be grown here, economic con ditions at the time were not favorable for the establishment of the Industry the work was temporarily abandoned for more urgently needed Investiga tions. During the past two years we have been co-operating with the flax expert of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, who la authority lor the statement that "the best ex perlmental work In flax production in the United States .oat year was done Dy the Oregon Experiment Station." iSarly returns from loganberry cul ture In the Willamette Valley were very - satisfactory. The result has been such extensive plantings that the experiment fetation realized that spe cial methods must be devised for dis poning of the crop. As a result of ex periments extending over several years, 3000 gallons of loganberry Juice were bottled- and Introduced upon the market. This led to an investment of $500,000 in the business and an out put this year worth $1,500,000. The Association of Loganberry Manufac turers considers our experimenta work to be so Important that it has by resolution, directed a committee to urge the necessity of a state appro priation to extend th' - work in this and other fruit products. The rapidly developing broccoli in dustry, which promises to become i very important one in this state, is also very larrely the direct result o the work of the Experiment Station. Numerous instances may be cited in proof or the statement that the re suits of a single investigation bv the uregon experiment Station are often worth more to the state each year wan tne total cost of the ExDerimen Station to the state from the time o its organization. For instance, the ed itor of Better Fruit states In a recent editorial that the apple crop of Hood River Valley alone will amount to over $1,500,000 for the year 1916, all or wnicn was sprayed under the di rectlon given by the Experiment Sta tion, being practically free from fungus. Without the method of treat ment worked out and recommended by the Experiment Station, the apple crop or tiooa stiver, on account of scab would have very little If any market value." A. IS. CORDLEY. Director Oregon Experiment Station. Half m Century As 1 From The Oregonlan of Feb. 6, IStfs. About 20 of the Oddfellows of Port land went to Vancouver Monday even ing to visit the lodge at that place. The lodge went through Its regular work and then the company was treated to a supper. This evening Dan Watson, one anions; the first negro minstrels who ever vis ited Oregon, and who has few superi ors in his line of characters, will take Denerit at uro r ino Hall. Paris. Feb. 4. The first Ironclad ram of war ordered by the Japanese gov- rnment is now Delng constructed at Toulon. The TJmatllla Press seems to be dis appointed that there has been no frees- lng weather at that point. They will have no lea during the coming Summer. Denver. Feb. 4. The reported Indian massacre on Smoky Hill Fork is de nied here. Coaches are running regu larly ana no hostile Indians were heard of between Junction City and Denver. Berlin. Feb. 4. It Is expected that - the governments of Prussia and Bavaria are arranging a treaty of an offensive and defensive character. PATRIOTISM IGNOBLE SENTIMENT Socialist Harare Thinks Word Shonld Be Effaced Front Language. PORTLAND, Feb. 6. (To the Ed itor.) It is only they who hav no sense of divine grace, they wno rail to grasp the meaning the word fraternity the general good of all. God's literal kingdom on earth that would hiss the statemen of Victor J. McCone when he said h had no feeling of patriotism (ove mat lor any other country)" at th Civic League luncheon. It is only they who believe In war; of blood-letting, wars of money-get ting, wars of civil strife and social caste, that can indorse a principle of pitting one nation against another 1 deadly combat for the echo of a mere word a word that has filled the earth with human gore, a word that has bee heralded by all they that have s'.augh tered, killed and destroyed through out all past ages, a word that permits or no iraternal reeling between na tlons, a word, in its practical mean ing, that should be effaced from th language of all nations, a word that noted man has said is the "last ref uge oi scounnreis. x mean the na tional application of the word pa triotism. J-'raternlty, that noble meanln .svoiu mat wouiu command peace on eartn ana good will toward men" something to live for. while patriot ism 13 in only to right for. Awa with all such unholy, inhuman ambl tions or men and give us fraternity inrougn mat nigner ana nobler tha the beast application of human ambi tion. - C. W. BARZEE. Popular Vote for President. FORT liOCK, Or.. Feb. 3. (To th Editor.) (1) Kindly give me the ex act popular vot; for each of the five candidates for President of the United Stales in the last general election of 131b. (2) Also w!iat was the popular vote ror ueba for President of the United btates in the election of 1912? FREDERICK C. SCHAFER. (1) Wilson, 9 116.296; Hughes. 8 567,476; Benson, 750,0o (eight state estimated); Hanley, 225,101; we have no figures on Reimer. (2) Debs. 901. 873. You Must Have Gall. By James Barton Adams. Value of Goat's Milk. Youth's Companion. The increased cost of milk would be a good thing for the country if it should lead people to keep goats. For some reason goat's milk has never been popular in America, although in -Europe, especially in France. Italy and Switzerland, It is much esteemed, par ticularly for babies. A goat can be kept at a small expense, where it would be impossible to keep a cow. Garden waste and roadside browse will support it. A small shed affords suf ficient shelter. A goat is far cleaner in its habits than a cow and requires only such care as child can give it. Let us get coats. , In this life's unceasing battle with its racket and its rattle, with its gab and tittle tattle, love and hate, wher its winnings and- reverses, where its blessings and its curses, where its fat and empty purses alternate, when at chances you are nabbing, into every scheme are dabbling, and at every lim are grabbing lest you fall, though you've nerve to face the racket, under every business jacket there should be a force to back it, which is gall, in dustry Is necessary; energy is ditto, very, for the bird Success is wary I the chase; honesty should always guide you, watchfulness camp right besid you, else the rushing world may slid you from your, base; but, though heave has endowed you with these virtue has allowed you all these forces fate may crowd you to the wall. If these needed gifts are lacking in the neces sary backing that s embodied in a cracking lot of gall. You must have a lot of hustle, in the world create a bustle as in any scheme you rustle for success, must possess the knack of bluffing, at your own horn loudly puffing if you hope to knock the stuffing from distress. You must be alert and wary, of git up an' git not chary, but there's one thing necessary more than all;' you must have the right aggressive, open-handed and expressive, but at no timo cn excessive flow of gall. In Other Days Twesty-FiT Tears) Asro. From The Oregonlan of Feb. 6. 1892. The handsome red sandstone two- story entrance to the Worcester build ing, the first of its kind in the city, has so rar advanced to completion that the general effect can be understood., It will be one of the finest entrances in"' the city. Mr. Edward Cooklngham has been appointed cashier of the Commercial National Bank, vice R. L. Durham, who was elected vice-president. Mr. Cook lngham Is thoroughly competent for the position ana will make an efficient cashier. Mr. W. B. Ladd is having cleared anil graded two blocks of land Just south of tne east end or the free bridge. Tha ground is nearly ready for the ention of cottages. The building outlook on tha Trt Side for the year 1892 Is very encour aging and Indicates there will be a big; record in this line of improvements. From St. Johns to the Southern Paclfio car shops and beyond Mount Tabor there Is a most remarkable bunding activity. The bridge commission hu hms nf fered the Morrison-street bridge for a. set price of $200,000. There was a long discussion yesterday on tha advis ability of purchasing the bridge and inaKing it ires. RlTtAL, FOLK OPPOSE ROAD BONDS High Cost of Hard Surface and Objec tion to Debt Are Causes. PENDLETON, Or.. Feb. 4. (To the Editor.) In .the brief period of activity remaining to the Legislature there must be considered by that body a matter of very vital Interest to the state that of highways. Believing that the lawmakers desire to reflect by the legislation which, they enact the sentiment of the people. It may be of Interest to recall that Umatilla County, among others, voted last year upon a road-bonding proposal. and that during the campaign the sub ject was discussed in all Its phases, and the views of all classes of men were fairly well made known. The bonds were here defeated, aa they were in Union County. - Tho re ult came about not because of hos tility to good roads, but chiefly be cause of deep-rooted opposition to the vast expense of hard-surface high ways, A few voted no because of well considered objections to bosds, but tha most of the negative ballots came from people who are favorable to large mileage of fair roads rather than a small mileage of pavement. In other words, the sentiment seemed to favor the spending of $1000 per mile on 15 miles of highway rather than $15,000 upon one mile. Doubtless the voters here are of a fairly representative type, and the Legislature may prop erly accept the verdict In this county as reflective of general sentiment in the rural portions of the whole state. There is another phase of the sub ject which demands candid considera tion, namely, the fact that the Btate highways are of necessity to be builded In response to a need for automobile pleasure routes. The attention of tho wealthy folk of the East has been turned westward, and they will in the future utilize tho highways of this Coast, as in the past they have utilized the more perfect roads of Europe. They will bring with them both a de sire to see the show places and money to pay for what they want. The in come to tho people of the state will be greatly enhanced from that source, and the source Is legitimate Therefore is it not meet that the highways to be constructed should be through the mountains, over the emi grant trails, the old stage lines and to points of scenic or historic Interest. Thus assuring subjects of attractive advertisement? Pleasure seekers are usually people of sentiment, and legis lation may properly cater to that sen timent. STEPHEN A. LOWELL. Chronology of War. PORTLAND, Feb. 5. (To the Ed itor ) As no one seems to know, and so much speculation is rife as to who is responsible for the starting of the present world war. will you kindly state the dates each warring country entered the conflict, also the reason for their wdog SUBSCRIBER. Austria declared war on Serbia July 28 1914; Germany declared "war on Russia August 1. 1914; German troops attacked Liege. Belgium. Aug ust 4. 1914; England announced a state of war with Germany August 6. 1914; France and England declared war on Austria August -2, 1914; Japan sent ultimatum to Germany August 15. 1914; Turkey began war on Russia October 29, 1814; England declared war on Turkey November 5, 1914; Italy declared war on Austria May 23, 1915: Bulgaria rejected Russian ultimatum October 6, 1315; Bulgaria declared war on Serbia October 14, 1915; Teutons began Invasion of Mon tenegro December 1. 1915; Portugal and Roumania entered the war in 1916. To give a reason for each coun try's participation would require a review of European politics, racial conflicts, territorial aspirations, treaty obligations and other factors too com plicated to be embraced In an answer to a question. The writer should ap ply to the Public Library for refer ence works. Natural Inquiry. SHAN1KO, Or., Feb. 4. (To the Ed itor.) About a year ago I read an item about a man in the Wlllarrfette Valley who ate a gallon of dill pickles per day. Is the gentleman still eating pickles, or Is he dead? OLD SUBSCRIBER. Fame In the Old Town! Fort Worth Star-Telegram. We suppose there were othar men living in tha town where we were raised, but the only one we remember Is the fellow who once cussed th schoolteacher.