8
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1915.
PORTLAND. OREGON.
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J PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY, NOV. 3. 1915.
? . AX THE CROSSROADS.
! Budget revision by the School
Board is a reminder that in the last
ten or twelve years the cost of main-
taining the Portland public schools
i has increased something like ten-fold.
i Growth in population, -which has been
J material, has brought growth iii the
, cost of the district's educational sys-
item. But the additions to the number
of people within the district can ac
count for only a small part of the pro-
gressive record of Portland's school
taxes.
lThe curriculum of the public
schools is far more elaborate than
when the parents of the present
school generation were pursuing
their studies. Gradually numerous
things which the parents of to
day's parents considered a function of
the homo have been taken over by
the public. In later years the direc
tion of school affairs formerly expected
of the School Board has been dimin
ished gradually by direct or indirect
means. The Grade Teachers' Asso
ciation has obtained legislation which
ties the hands of the Board in eco
nomic control of the teacher-employes.
There exist also the Parent
Teacher Associations. They are com
posed of persons who have an inti
mate, personal interest in the welfare
. of the schools. They aie sincere and
well-meaning. They constitute some
of our best citizens and they are a
force in guiding school affairs that
must be reckoned with. All these In
fluence the cost of the school system.
Without preconceived or definite
plan or co-operation among the sev
eral associations to burden 'the pub
lic with the duties of the home, they
have, nevertheless, worked uncon
sciously toward that end. Some of the
newer school activities were under
taken originally v in an experimental
way. They were supported with a
showing that the initial cost was low.
But once established, they could not
but grow and spread and finally be
come general.
If one school has a fully equipped
department of domestic science and
sewing, what argument can the School
Board advance in opposition to the
demand by. patrons of another school
for domestic science and sewing, too?
If they are good for one school they
are good for all. Domestic science
and sewing are now taught through
established departments in sixteen
Portland schools. Is there any reason
from an educational standpoint why
the other forty-seven schools in Port
land should not have them?
There is none, and the patrons of
the several schools have been quick
to realize it. But so far as domestic
science is concerned, it is but illus
trative. As districts have outgrown
thVold buildings, or land in the out
skirts has become newly settled; new
huildines have been required. In con
struction of these buildings a tendency
toward providing facilities for Instruc
tion of hand as well as brain, for pro
moting the health, comfort and even
enjoyment of the pupils has been ob
served.
Swimming pools, shower baths,
srvmnasiums. manual training depart
ments, larger playgrounds, better con
struction and other means'" ana con
trivances to gratify the progressive
Jtaste of pupils, parents and instructors
have been added. Parents tn some
portions of the city may now transfer
5q the public the duty of looking after
"their children's cleanliness, muscular
Sflevelopment, physical welfare, knowl
cdge of household duties, handiness
with tools, and even ability to culti
vate the ground.
Is.it any wonder that the parents of
other children,- who are taught essen
t tally only reading, writing, arithme
tic, geography and grammar, send
delegations to the School Board to In
sist upon having the larger education
that is offered elsewhere? Is it re
markable that the School Board finds
it a grievous perplexity to fit the an
nual budget to the ability of the tax
payers to pay? Clearly, the Board is
at the parting of two ways. The fads
born of prosperity and so-called edu
cat-tonal progress must be extended
' generally throughout the ctty or some
of them must be at least temporarily
abandoned where they now exist.
There are two circumstances, to be
considered. One is the burden upon
Vhe taxpayers at a time when a bur
den is doubly oppressive, and the
other is the welfare of the pupils.
The remark by Dr.- A. J. Giesy, a
member of the budget advisory com
Mhittee, is not Idle comment. "We
must not lose sight of the fact," he
said, "that when effort is eliminated
success is proportionately decreased."
The handicap in after life placed upon
one in youth by parental affluence that
tinds expression in luxurious leading
strings is proverbial. AVhen every
seed js anticipated by maturer Intel
-?eets, there is inevitably loss of Initia
tive. Yet the guiding spirit of the
schools today overlooks this common
- and wholesome lesson.
The tendency is to provide, provide,
"provide: to make youthful training in
all particulars an automatic expres
sion of public bounty; to start the
child in a fixed groove and turn him
out a finished product; to relieve the
parent of responsibility; in short, to
-establish as a public function the
ananufacture of manhood and woman
Ji.ood without self-applied energy.
T-The system, if carried to the-ulti
.mate now- implied, is almost certain
to" be" productive of a race mediocre in
-hat individual - aggressiveness and
self-assertiveness that are essentials
of success, a population that can con
ceive no wisdom or proper guidance
In aught but the collective effort of
governmental paternalism.
4 .There Is a signboard of common
sense and financial economy at the
crossroads where the School Board
now stands.
J ACK SOX AND WILSON.
The Jackson Club of Po.-tiand has
an idea that, out of deference to the
President, its name should be
changed to be the Woodrow. Wilson
Club. It is a grand idea, which The
Oregonian unqualifiedly indorses..
Tbere were some features in the
career of the Great Democrat which
it is well to recall in these piping times
of Democratic prosperity and good will
among men. Andrew Jackson, for ex
ample, was a soldier, who believed that
the way to treat the Nation's enemies
was to fight them and to conquer
them. It is not hard to imagine what
Mackson would have done with Mex
ico; and it is no less easy to surmise
that President Jackson would have
acted instantly in assertion of the Na
tional honor in any of the complica
tions growing out" of- the European
war. There would have been no watch
ful waiting with him; nor futile fool
ing after the Lusitania incident; nor
polite protesting after the British em
bargo on sea trade. Not with Jack
son. Yet Jackson Is the real Democratic
idol and Wilson only an imitation idol.
Jackson was a Democrat, and Wilson
is an aristocrat; Jackson was a
friend of the common people, whom he
knew and understood, and Wilson has
merely an academic interest in the
common people, whom he doubtless
desires to serve at a distance but
whom he neither knows nor under
stands. Jackson was a warrior," and
Wilson is too proud to fight. Jackson
boldly avowed that the. spoils belong
to the victor; Wilson repudiates the
spoils doctrine, but permits his sub
ordinates to practice it. ' J
It is not to be wondered at that the
jacKson tjiuD contemplates only a
temporary change to the titular head
ship of Woodrow Wilson. When the
waters are calm and the election is
over, and the spoils are safely be
stowed, the Jackson Club will reavow
its real Democracy. That is to.say, it
will if it is a Democratic Club.
MISS CAVELL Aim MRS. SURRATT.
The Oregonian is invited by a cor
respondent, in a private letter which
expresses dissatisfaction with the gen
eral American attitude toward Ger
many, to explain why America, which
hanged Mrs. Surratt, is not thus
estopped from complaining about the
summary execution by the autocratic
German military power of Miss
Cavell. The task is not" difficult; nor
is there any reason for a belated sneer
at the United States for hanging a
muraeress, the kin of regicides, even
though she be a woman, while it is
horrified at the summary shooting of
a political offender who neither asks
nor gets special clemency because of
her sex.
It ought not to be forgotten that
Mrs. Surratt was tried and convicted
by a military commission as a con
spirator in the plot to assassinate
President Lincoln. She had sruiltv
knowledge of the proposed deed, and
she assisted the murderers o escape.
It is true that the commission which
tried her and adjudged her guilty rec
ommended her to the clemency of
f resident Johnson, but he refused to
interfere.
Miss Cavell was accused of a crime
against a state by aiding Its enemies
to escape from its authority. She was
not a spy, and was not so charged, and
sne had no animus toward any indl
viauai. .tsut it was charged and it
was admitted that she betrayed the
confidence of the military powers in
Belgium. She acted out of loyalty 'to
Great Britain and against the sov
ereign interests of Germany. It was
grave political offense, but it in
volved no moral turpitude; and it was
in the eyes of the subjects of at least
one nation a commendable act. Miss
Cavell believed she was performing a
nign auty to her country.
No women were hanged or shot as
spies during our Civil War, and it is
said that no woman has suffered death
in England for a political offense
since the days of James II.. Undoubt
edly, in the light of modern justice,
women receive more consideration
than- men; and all just men desire it
to be so.
VAGRANT HORDES.
With the advent of Winter the hobo
Is becoming a general nuisance in the
land again. During the bountiful
months of Summer he causes little
annoyance. Nature provides him with
shelter and he manages to hustle such
little food as he needs,, either by per
forming occasional chores or by beg
ging. But Winter finds him in a piti
ful plight," for having loafed the Sum
mer away he has nothing laid by for
the inevitable rainy day, and care of
him falls upon the community. If he
is denied food he eventually becomes
desperate and resorts to theft, since
he wtll turn to any extreme rather
than work. He always has a hard-
luck story to tell and attributes his
unhappy plight to force of circum
stances beyond his control.
.There are so many thousands of
these pitiable creatures in .the land
that the problem in the aggregate Is
a serious one. Bees have settled the
problem of handling their drones most
effectively, but humans- have more
tender sensibilities, and so we con
tinue to countenance' and support
these unwashed loafers in indelence
without practical effort to correct
their deficiencies. Each city and
town sets out to solve the tramp prob
lem in the easiest possible manner. It
is usually that of driving them along
to the next settlement. Keep them
moving is the motto, and so they are
given something to eat and a place
to sleep, provided they rid the com
munity of their presence at once. That
they are sicR men, defective men, and
that many, if not most of them, would
yield 10 treatment aoes not appear to
have occurred seriously to those re
sponsible for handling the tramp
problem.
This phase of trampdom, however,
has been taken up earnestly by a Chi
cago Judge, who "has analyzed the
average hobo and reduced his attri
butes to thetr elements. He finds the
hobo to be constituted of twenty per
cent laziness, ten per cent hard luck,
ten per cent criminal Instincts, and
sixty per cent physical and men
tal defectiveness. Such is" the typical
tramp who loafs from one year's end
to the other. Assuredly" Nature has
fitted him. with scant equipment for
the battle of life. Surely with such
a hopeless mixture of bad traits he is
under a tremendous handicap. With
out being wholly vicious or suffi
ciently defective to warrant his dc
tention as a public ward, he is bereft
of the vital spark of energy which is
besto.ved by Nature upon the normal
man. He reminds us of an automobile
which has everything needed for loco
motion except a magneto. Hecart be
pushed and pulled but not sent off
under his own power.
v hat he needs is overhauling or
repair rather than relegation to the
economic junkheap. Almost a man.
deficient only in traits that can be
remedied,- he offers a fine field for
experiment by tinkerers in human na
ture. Many miraculous cures have
been effected by rockpile terms. The
fatal habit of laziness has been over
come by protracted periods of en
forced labor. Perhaps if trrts remedy
were elaborated and developed it
might - lead - to a system of curing
tramps of their inherent worthless-
ness. Not the older ones, to be sure.
There is nothing more hopelessly ob
stinate in his vagrancy than an an
cient vagabond. But the hobo army
is made up for the most part of
young men, and the score of those
thousands which iave been turned by
chance into useful pursuits suggests
that- -organized methods of treating
mem, ratner than mistreating: them.
would serve both the ends of human
ity and of economic gain.
TENACITY IN COMBAT.
Von Mackensen and his 300,000 men
sweeping southward toward the Bal
kan conflagration, following their ar
duous campaigns in Poland, empha
size the wonderful fighting energy of
tne wrman army, which has been so
carefully cultivated and developed as
to become a fixed German military
trait. The Germans are forever doing
something. They take literally the
military tenet that It is better to at
tack and lose . than never attack at
all. Indecision is held the worst pos
sfble enemy of successful operations
and no genius can hope to win who
has not aggressiveness In his makeup.
ifruuan!: leaders who have lacked
Initiative and energy have failed
where leaders with bulldog tenacity
and little genius have won. Our own
Grant was by no means a genius in
strategy, but he was a genius in lead
ership. He knew how to hit even bet
ter than he knew when to hit. The
same is true of the old German hero.
Blucher, who was anything but a
strategist, and yet he was more than
a match for men his superior in mili
tary technique.
The Germans have sacrificed much
to this idea of maintaining the of
fensive. In this day of high-power
machines of destruction thev have ad-
nered to mass formations simply to
maintain their hitting power. Con
servation of life is inferior to fire
superiority in the German tactics.
They are willing to pay more in lives
tnan the cost to the enemy provided
the enemy gives way before their un
yielding lines. Tireless energy, con
stant operations, habitual assaults
mark German campaigning. The offi
cers and noncommissioned officers are
taught to keep going and the ag
gressive spirit has become the mas
tering spirit of the German army. It
persists even under that rending ex
haustion which follows the strain of
combat. '
Against such a SDirit so well de
veloped in so many millions of men,
and with organization and civil effi
ciency to back up that morale, the
process of breaking: down German re
sistance, which the allies say they are
ueierminea upon, is certain to provide
history with even redder pages than it
has yet known unless diplomacy in
tervenes. WOMEN GAMBLERS.
The charge that women and China
men are now the country's gamblers
is too familiar to require reiteration.
We have all been told of the iniquities
of auction bridge and bridge whist,
with substantial stakes as the issue.
Scores of indulgent husbands have
been driven to ruin by the gambling
instincts of their wives. The familiar
tragedy of fifteen yeass ago when the
family was in want while the husband
gambled his all away, has been given
a new setting. It is too often mother
who loses the family savings across
the green cloth these modern days.
Just how strong a hold old Dame
Chance is getting upon the female of
the species is revealed by a stirring
raid effected by a. squad of Harlem
policemen. They broke into the home
of a fashionable matron and found
assembled some forty women who
were spending the afternoon trifling
with Fortune. Bridge-whist and poker
had palled upon them and they were
playing the races. A wire was con
venient for giving them the latest re
turns and some had wagered as
high as $300. An array of limousines
and touring cars outside the gambling
place was what attracted the police
to their haunt.
There is no intention of Inferring
from this incident and many others
of a similar character that women
generally are catching the gambling
fever. But it is contended that the
number of female gamblers is large
and growing larger. Idleness and a
lack of larger interests are to blame.
along with the stampmark of approval
which fashionable society has placed
upon the playing of cards for small
stakes. Playing for minor sums in
evitably leads to large stakes, and
once the habit is formed it is equally
as hard to break as the spell of drugs
or other vicious habits. The law has
put a stop to the widespread practice
of gambling by men, but the law has
something of an obstacle to overcome
in tracking the festive kitty to those
exclusive haunts of afternoon clubs
where the Goddess of Chance has es
tablished headquarters of late. For
the one that the police may reachJ
there are many that remain inaccessi
ble. Probably it will remain for irate
and outraged husbands to unite to
stop the evil.
THE CANAL'S FIRST YEAR.
A statement of the Canal Record
that the tolls of the Panama Canal in
its first year exceeded cost of opera
tion and maintenance by $276,656,
representing "a profit of 6.7 per cent"
on cost of operation and maintenance
causes the Railway Age-Gazette to ob
ject to the use of the word "profit."
It says that railroads cannot keep
their accounts in this way and that
addition of interest -would show a def
icit of over $10,000,000.
It is doubtful whether any railroad
ever earned interest on- its bonds dur
ing the first year of operation. Moun
tain roads in particular have slides.
as has the canal. The first year is
more or less experimental with a rail
road; so it has been with the canal.
The war also has taken away much
traffic which would have gone through
the canal in peace times.
But the canal was not built as
money-making investment; it was built
as a factor in our National defense,
for it doubles the efficiency of the
Navy. A further motive of National
policy was to stimulate trade by im
proving and cheapening transporta
tion. There is good reason to believe
that the present slides will be the last
of any importance and that, when they
are removed the canal will be open to
continuous- operation. When peace
restores trade to its natural channels
we have good cause to expect traffic
to grow at such a pace that in a few
years the revenue will pay interest as
well as expenses. The building of the
canal will then be Justified as a mat
ter of business as well as on grounds
of National policy.
Some 4600 acres of farming land in
the South has been obtained by a so
ciety formed in New Vork for the
purpose of providing homes for war
stricken Europeans. This tract is. to
be divided into small ones and placed
at the disposal of worthy heads of
families who are used to farming. The
society should see to it that only those
who are skilled in agriculture are
placed on this land, for the tyro would
have a, sad time of It at intensive
farming with his own labor as the one
medium of sustenance. Rural dwell
ers from Europe who know the game
will find in this enterprise a true
boon. It will give them a veritable
new lease on life amid conditions such
as they can never have known in the
agricultural districts of Europe, where
the lot of the average peasant is .one
of many hardships and few joys.
Portland and the state can ill afford
to spare a man like the late A. J.
Kingsley. He wasa firm believer in
the superior resources and merits of
Oregon, and he showed his faith in
his works. He was at the head of an
important manufacturing concern,
built up through many difficulties and
discouragements; but he succeeded.
He succeeded because he had abound
ing enthusiasm, untiring energy and
practical ideas. But he was not at
fall content with mere personal -prog
ress. He felt that he owed a debt to
the community and he discharged it.
He shouldered often the burdens of
others and he undertook public serv
ice, out of sense of duty and a keen
desire to help. The ctty which places
its welfare in the hands of its Kings
leys is sure of abundant reward.
These are trying days for British
aristocrats. Those who are not at
the front living In. wretched hardship
among the trenches have been put to
work in one way and another toy force
of public opinion. Among the lot is
no less a person than Lord Charle
mont, who is engaged in a London
munitions plant at the munificent sti
Dend of 25 shilline-w a wa1t T- 4. re
corded that his lordship manages to
turn out about 150 shells per day by
his own labor. While it is consid
erable Of a riarrlsVlir n-n tVa titled
tocrat to have him making shells, he
is mucn more tortunate than some of
the noblemen who have been engaged
in stopping them.
Dr. Wellinerton Koo. the new r-h-
nese Minister, should get along swim
mingly in this country. He Is a grad
uate of Columbia TTnivprsitw ar,A an ta
well versed in Occidental wiles and
ways. we wears no queue, while his
family name is appended to the end of
his cognomen in accordance -with the
American practice. While this is in
dicative of his progressive nature, it
must be admitted that, the name
would have a -far mnrA fVrlrfoTitQl vim.
to it if he adhered to the custom of
ms loreiatners ana wore his family
name first. Then we would be able
to refer to him as Dr. Welline-ton nnt
as Dr. Koo.
The last time the figures were
checked it was found that of 14,000.-
000 foreign-born residents of this
country 1,650,361 were - unlettered.
Thus is revealed most emphatically
the necessity of establishing night
schools for unread additions to our
National family. Co-operation with
the Government in this great under
taking is being attempted by a num
ber of cities. Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
has just joined the movement with a
system of night schools for foreigners
and the institutions are showing a
neavy enrollment.
It has been figured down by a clever
statistician that the average pay of
the Baptist minister in this coun
try is J1.87 per. day. This is
even less than the wage of the
average workman. Obviously we are
niggardly with those who toil in the
pastures of the Lord. Saving souls at
such a rate must be discouraging un
less the worker looks to hts work for
his real rewards. But taking that
view of it, we fail to see how he
can keep himself properly nour
ished if he has a family; and an
improper diet never was compatible
with keen satisfaction in life.
Public band concerts are a luxury
and those who will miss them can buy
the machines that make- the music.
If one man in each block were to do
so and turn them loose pleasant even
ings in Summer, the city would become
the musical spot of the Nation.
All of last year's and much of this
year's crop of tobacco in Virginia and
Tennessee are still in the warehouses,
but has anybody discovered a differ
ence in the flavor of the smoke?
Giving of false names by Chicago
refugees who were brought home from
Europe by the Government suggests
that the war returned some undesira
ble citizens to the United States.
Since only forty-five out of 2000 sea.
men at San Francisco . could -qualify
under the seamen's law, it is a marvel
that arty ships keep afloat on the Pa
clfic.
The Jackson Club, being devoted to
Bryan's peace policy, could not longer
endure the name of a fire-eating mili
tarist, like Old Hickory.
Gas, having been used by the Brit
ish in retaliation on the Germans, is
now established as an Implement ot
civilized warfare.
When a woman trips on a dog and
upsets a lamp which sets fire to the
house, the dog, being a wise animal,
spends a few days visiting.
With American aid, Carranza may
be able eventually to beat Villa.. How
ever, Villa is by no means the last of
his kind in Mexico.
When the triumphant Aggies make
a noise this morning, help them make
it louder.
In these times school janitors will
be required to use elbow grease in
stead of vacuum cleaners.
If the allies don't hurry up and save
Serbia, there will be nothing left to
save.
When Victor Murdock's red head
looms up in the war zone it wpl be a
fine target.
A color-blind chauffeur will not do
a thin? to the new traffic device.
How to Keep Well
By Dr. W. A. Enn,
The Growth of Hair.
The hair is produced by the skin.
The cells which compose it are skin
cells. Furthermore, the cells are of the
s a. me type as the cells which form the
outer layers of the skin. In the
eeper layers of the skin well below
the surface in certain parts of the body
are small groups of cells which are
set aside as producers of hairs. These
cells multiply to produce a hair. This
hair shaft pushes up to the level of the
kin between the other skin cells and
appears on the surface.
The young hair cells are exactlv like
other skin cells. Presently they pick
p pigment, and from this pigment the
color of the hair results. In the center
of the hair is a cellular area in which
In the normal hair there is more pig
ment than elsewhere In the hair. There
is no blood or tissue Juice or anv other
fluid in this space. In fact, it is not
even a space. Hairs are not hollow.
When hair is cut nothing oozes out of
this space. Nothing Is gained by singe
ing tne hair or by any other procedure
to stop the. hairs from "bleeding" or
oozing."
When hairs turn gray it is partly be
cause of change in the pigment but
mainly because these cells in the cen
ter of the shaft shrivel somewhat and
minute bubbles of gas appear. Gray
nair in a sense is hollow; other hair
is not.
In the main the period of life at
which hair turns gray is determined by
inheritance. A man Is very apt to turn
gray at the age hts parents' hair
turned.
The second most potent factor is the
W'ar and tear of life. Sudden violent
emotions may change the color of the
hair within a few hours. When the
hair turns gray as the resutl of mental
processes it may regain some of its old
color under the influence of a life of
calm. That the sun can chance the
color of the hair is well known. Oc
casionally the hair will change color as
the result of a severe illness. But in
the majority of instances the color of
the. hair cannot be changed except by
the use of dyes. The dyes used forgiv
ing- color to gray hair are in the main
compounds of lead. There is always
danger of lead poisoning where lead
hair dyes are used. -
Pyle quotes Leonard as statins: that
the following hair dye can be used
without injuring the skin:
1 ounce bismuth citrate.
2 ounces rosewater.
2 ounces distilled water.
y ounce alcohol.
A few drops of ammonia water.
To be applied in the morning.
1 ounces distilled water.
To be applied at night.
To dye a brown color Pyle says that
a mixture or pyrogallic acid in rose
water may be used. One may be jus-
tinea in using hair dyes, but I doubt it.
Should Be Examined.
Mrs. G. M. writes: "I have had bron
chitis for a year; tonsils are also en
larged and diseasesd. Recently I have
been running a temperature of 99.2 and
9.4 every afternoon. 1 Could that
be due to an irregular and rapid heart
action, or would you advise me to have
lungs examined? My tonsils are not
bad, although I have occasional acute
attacks. I spray throat every day. 2l
What do you mean by having tonsils
cleaned? (3) Could this throat trouble
and cough be the cause of rheumatism
ana poor Heart action? I am 27."
REPLY.
1. You will nrobably find vou have con
sumption. Have a careful examination.
z. ay massage, pressure and the use of
netruments for the purpose the surface ot
:he tonsils, and In some instances th. ttinal)
cavaues. can be cleaned.
J. les.
Kot "Cold on Cheat."
W. S. writes: "What can I do for a
cold on the chest? I presume it is a
cola on the chest, although it has been
with me for a few months. It is of
such a nature that when I take a deep
breath I feel that rawsome feeling in
the windpipe and immediately after
coughing ensues. The cough is a dry
cough and is very persistent when I
awake in the morning.
2. Does suppressing the cough harm
me in any way? and do you think it
s a nervous habit that I could avoid
by will power? My throat is congested
o you thin It that comes from cough
ing.'
"I should be glad if you can offer
any suggestions and advice that will go
towaras getting myself cured. I am 20
years of age, 6 feet 3 and weigh about
us pounds. 1 do not smoke. I eat
and sleep well, having a good appetite
ana have not other defects."
REPLY.
1. I do not know what vour trmihl. In
but I know that It is not & "cold on the
chest. Your couch miKht be due to con
sumption, elongated uclua. chronic- throat
trouble, chronic nose trouble, pressure from
an enlursed lymph Eland. Tou should have
an examination.
4. .NO.
Comes Winter Itch Again.
L. E. T. writes: "I am taking the lib
erty of writing you regarding dryness
of the skin, cause, etc. My skin feels
very dry and has a slight itch, some
thing like prickly heat, and looks like
it was chapped. Is this a commonplace
complaint and is there anything I could
put on after bathing to relieve the itch
ing sensation that would not greatly
soil my clothing?
My complaint has been especially
troublesome since the steam heat was
turned on. Any directions you could
give me would be carefully carried 'out
ana greatly appreciated."
REPLY.
The onlv satisfactory remedy Is to humid
ify the p.ir. By bathing several timesi a
week and streasinjr the skin very, lightly
with vaseline vou will decrease the discom
fort somewnat.
Raising; Hogs, Chickens and Rabbits.
PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi
tor.) To raise hogs, chickens and
rabbits, how far would I have to get
away from city limits, railroads, street-
car lines and closest neighbor, by law,
so the place could not be condemned
as nuisance to the public?
SUBSCRIBER.
It is against the law to raise hogs
n the city. Chickens and rabbits may
be raised in the city provided the pens
are kept sanitary. Neighbors can have
the, pens removed by proving in court
that the place is a nuisance.
Chickens, rabbits and hogs may be
raised outside the city. However, the
neighbors have the same right of forc
ing removal if they can prove the pens
to be a nuisance. There are no limita
tions regarding railroad or streetcar
lines.
Curly Peach Leaves.
PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edl
tor. In The Orogonian October 3 there
was an error in the statement in re
gard to what I use to eradicate the
curly leaf on peach trees, and from
the letters and telephone calls received,
I find there are many interested. The
dope I use is as follows:
For ach tree, take one-half cupful
of salsoda. dissolve in one pint boiling
water: when cool, pour on ground
around body of tree. Do -this three
times: February 1, February 15 and
March 1. A. W. FRANCE.
Census Ficnres and Exposition,
KNOB, Wash., Nov. 1. (To the Ed
itor.) (1) Please state the proportion
of male and female population tn th
United States. (2) Also give the date
on which the Panama Exposition is to
close. A. B. KINGSBURY.
(1) Males. 47,332,122; females, 44,640,
144 (1910 census). -(2)
December 4, 1915."
THEORY ONE . OFTEN DISPROVED
That Weakness Means Immunity From
Aacarmslon ever Una Been Trae,
MT. ANGEL. Or.. Nov. 1. To the
Editor.) I happen to get the "Ford
Times." published by the Ford Motor
Company. In the October issue is a re
print from the "Detroit Free Press.
September 5. 1915, where Henry Ford
makes the following statements:
A vast militarv nrenaration can onlv- in
vite conflict.
I flrmlv believe that everv man who de
liberately devotes his Ufa to the trade of
a soldier is either lazy or crasy. And, un
happily, most of them are merely lazy, so
we are not permitted to put them In asy
lums. Let any hostile array or navy, today or
ny other time move ajrainst the united
States and anything that I have la at tbe
isposal of the country for defense. Ana l
ouia not taice a cent prolix.
Henry Ford is a big man In every
respect- His little Fords "ramble right
along." and he can't put his new farm
tractor on the market too soon to suit
s. He is honest in his convictions.
and nobody grudges him an annual in
come - of . many millions, because rite
makes splendid use of the money. But
even the greatest of philanthropists
may be mistaken. Henry Ford main
tains that preparedness invites war;
that soldiers are parasites, etc.
Ivature is far from being in a state
of peace and bliss. On the contrary.
It Is ruled by grim laws. The stronger
animals prey upon the weaker, the big
ger trees crowd out the smaller.
Everywhere one can observe that mer
ciless struggle, that survival of the
fittest, that elimination of the weak.
Now. man is just as much a part of
nature as the animals and the plants.
From his earliest existence he has been
subjected to this same law. In spite of
200J years or Christianity, we see him
reach an unspeakable climax of bar
barity and blood-lust.
vv hat guarantee can Mr. Ford give
us that this is going to change? That
the weak will be molested no longer
because they remain weak? The plan
which he urges is merely a theory that
remains to be proved as practical. On
the other hand, the contrary has in
variably happened.
Yet, far from guaranteeing anything.
Mr. Ford, in his last quotation, even
admits the possibility of war tn spite
of a state of unpreparedness. In that
case, does he believe that the millions
he would offer (without profit!?) could
at a moment's notice, magic a trained
army and navy of sufficient power to
overcome a superior foe?
Unpreparedness is weakness, and
weakness cannot, defend. War is a
great evil, but not the greatest. It
not always murder. And if it be
murder, 1 would rather commit that
murder than be murdered myself or
be robbed of my home and become the
slave of a stronger nation. - Life has
always been and , will always be a
fight. War is the same fight on a big
ger scale. War has always existed and
will exist as long as evil Is a factor
man's life. To deny the rjossibilitv
of war under any circumstances is to
deny hell.
AMERICAN WITHOUT THE HY
PHEN. PLACE WHERE CE.VSlRB BELONGS
Let It Fall on Those Able to Rear Fam
ily but Do Not.
PORTLAND. Nov. 2. (To the Ed
Itor.) There recently appeared in
your editorial columns an article enti
tied "Willful Childlessness." There can
be no doubt of he pernlciousness of
tnis "willful childlessness " nor of the
lack of full, complete happiness in the
lives of those who are childless. If
there were any way, however, to reach
by .law those who are willfully child
less, it snouia, in Justice, fall only upon
those who. Intellectually. physically
and financially, are best able to assume
the responsibilities of parenthood. Un
fortunately it is usually this class of
citizens who are most unwilling to
assume sucn responsibilities.
There are many men with families
who are facing tho Winter without
any prospects - of securing work and
with no accumulated, means for meet
ing the emergency. It will be said
that these are extreme or abnormal
times. This is so; and no one knows
how long these abnormal times will
continue; and In normal times no one
knows when abnormal times will arise.
see men with families, even when
working steadily, compelled to live
from hand to mouth from day to day,
without being able to lay up a cent for
the proverbial rainy day. Many work
ers in offices, factories, etc., at the
wages often paid, have all they can do
to procure daily necessities for even a
small family, let alone laying by some
thing lor an emergency. Have mar
ried people any right to bring children
into the world unless they can gtVe
them the proper education and train
ing to meet the continually increasing
demands of modern business and so
ciety?-
Laying aside all questions of the
dangers attendant upon birth, with the
foregoing facts in mind, what encour
agement is there for the average man
and wife in the wage-earning class to
deliberately take upon themselves the
responsibilities of parenthood, though
they may. greatly desire to . do so?
Those who do are heroes and heroines
of the highest type. But thia is the
class of people who. proportionately,
have usually done most of the child
raising, the result of which is the es
tablishment of homes for homeless
children all over the country.
When censure in this matter Is
passed care should be taken that it
fall where It belongs; that is, upon
those who are financially able to bring
up a family and give them not luxuries,
but fair advantages lor their highest
development. JOBLbbS.
STOP OWE, STOP ALL, SAYS HE
Writer Proposes Cessation of All Profit
Taklne on Sunday, Even Interest.
PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Editor.)
Every once in a while, usually just be
fore an election, there is a peculiar
kinrl of a bug that shows up from no
body knows wheie, that- is generally
known as "the reform DUg."
When one gets bit with this bug,
it causes a marvelous change in heart
in the victim, and he at once becomes
a charter member in a select society
known as "my brother s keeper. He
Immediately lets his own business go
to the dogs to look after his neign
bor's. Sometimes he justifies his ac
tions as being inspired by law and
other times "by religion, in eitner case,
it works tho same, and he starts out
to susDend all activities or every aina
and nature from being in operation on
Sunday. He wants every human being
to become a thirty-third degree I. W.
W.. so far as, work is concerned, and
every commercial inaustry to oe
granted a temporary divorce from
profit.
For the first time in my me t nave
been bitten by this bug and, not being
a piker. I propose to go the limit. It
Is not the jntention of the laws of God
or man to make a "goat" of one man
and a "sheep" of another, but rather.
a policy of "shooting au-50" with them
all. So, I suggest closing them all
down- the electric light plants, street
cars, railroads, etc. They are all op
erated for profit the same as a gro
cery store. Pass a law suspending In
terest o'n notes, bonds and mortgages,
etc.", on Sunday. Make the man who
deals in them toe the mark like the
rest of us. Fire, life and accident pol
icy writers should not bo allowed to
get in their graft on the seventh day.
Making the policy - Inoperative on Sun
day is one way. but making the insur
ance company "kick back" with one-
seventh of the premium would be more
satisfactory to most of us.
As advertising Is a business by itself,
all business men must be made to take
down -their signs or keep them covered
up to prevent them -from being read
and all show windows must be cur
tained to prevent, the display of goods
or merchandise on the Sabbath.
J. A. MACK.
Twenty-five Years Ago.
From The Oregonian of November .3, 1S90.
St. Petersburg The Grand Duke
Nicholas, who became insane' during
recent army maneuvers. Is now com
pletely paralyzed and in a comatose
condition. There is no danger of a
violent crisis.
. - ,
London, Nov. 2. Joseph Chamber
lain, in an interview with a Herald re
porter, intimates his intention to op
pose Lord Randolph Churchill's revived
ambition - for Parliamentary leader
ship, owing to the latter's rejection) of
Mr. Chamberlain's radital policy out
lined some time ago.
Chicago. Nov. 2. F. F. Spencer, vice
president of Hibbard, Spencer. Bart
lett & Co.. one of the best-known hard
ware men in the country, died last
night, agefl 73.
Parts. Nov. 2. The Brazilian govern
ment has concluded negotiations with
the Societe Generate for a railway lino.
This is the first European loan of the
Brazilian Republic
Paris. Nov. 2. The fund for a monu
ment in honor of Garibaldi Is receiv
ing many subscriptions in France, a
fact that shows that a betetr feeling
toward Italy exists among the French
people.
Chairman E. W. Allen has called a
meeting of the World's Fair commit
tee of the Oregon Board of Commerce
to be held at the Chamber of Commerce
rooms in this city November 11. The
object is to take the preliminary steps
to arrange for Oregon s exhibit at Chi
cago. The foundations of the library build
ing are completed and the contract for
tho granite base courses has been let.
The granite on board the steamer Mich
igan is for this building.
The "Field of Honor" will receive Its
first representation at Cordray's The
ater tonight with an increased com
pany, and the Musee entertainment will
also contain several new features.
Half Century Ago.
From The Oregonian of November 3, 1S63.
Among extensive works proposed by
the people of that flourishing town,
Kansas City, is the construction of a
bridge across the Missouri River for
the Cameron railroad.
This office was yesterday treated to
a box of excellent pears by Rev. Mr.
Daly, living a few miles south of the
city. The fruit Is excellent, and the
donor has the thanks of "all hands"
for his present-
It is but little known that the first
anti-slavery paper started in the
United States was published in East
Tennessee. It was called "The Eman
cipator." and was published at Green
ville, the home of President Johnson,
by Benjamin F. Lundy, a Friend in
religious faith and a native of Belmont
County, Ohio. ,
San Francisco The California Steam
Navigation Company's new river
steamer Pacific will probably be
launched on Saturday from Potrero.
She is said to be the finest river boat
on the Pacific Coast.
There will be a public meeting at
the Methodist Episcopal Church at 7
o'clock for the purpose of considering
the cause of the reedmen. A full
attendance is solicited. The meeting
will be addressed by E. Walker, agent
of the American Missionary Associa
tion, and other eloquent speakers.
The steamship Active,. Captain Thorn,
arrived - from Victoria last evening at
9 o'clock. We are placed in possession
of Victoria papers up to the first by
her arrival. ,
WHERE WAR SPIRIT DOMINATES
Execution of Mitts Cnvell Contrasted
With Case in England,
PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi
tor.) W. R. McUarry's defense of Ger
many tn executing Miss Edith Cavell
will not receive favorable considera
tion from neutral Americans who are
the world's formost supporters of fair
play. We have heard conflicting stories
as to the respective treatments given
the British and German soldiers, cap
tured by the enemy, and it is difficult .
while the stress of conflict is rife and
prejudices incident to the war con
tinue for Americans to arrive at the
real facts and conditions, but it ap
pears that the attitudes of the two
governments are. fairly reflected in the
treatment accorded two women prison
ers, both charged, in effect, with aiding
and abetting the enemy. In this in
stance the facts do not support Mr.
McGarry's remarks, but instead are
creditable to the British.
As a comparison we have a German
woman, Mrs. Louise Herbert, who
wedded an Englishman. She played the
role of a German spy tn her adopted
country, seeking information as to
English military affairs and sending
her findings to Germany by correspond
ing with German friends in Switzerland.
Had she been a man she would have
been court-martialed and shot. As It
was, she was sentenced to only six
months in prison.
Over in Belgium, however. Miss
Cavell, who was charged with having
helped English. "French and Belgian
soldiers to escape from Belgium, - but
who had proffered her services In nurs
ing German soldiers, was executed in
the face of , protests from numerous
neutral governments, in the face of a
pending appeal to Emperor William and
in violation of promises by local mili
tary officers that the American
Embassy would be fully advised as to
every step taken in the case.
We realize, of course, that war is
war and while war rages Justice is
often cast aside, but human rights and
promises should not be violated even
In response to the war spirit and Mr.
McGarry and other German sympa
thizers will find great difficulty in con
vincing the American people that Ger
man officers observed human rights or
displayed respect for their word in the
execution of Miss Edith Cavell.
" J. L ROGERS.
When to Welcome Big Families.
OSWEGO, Or, Nov. 2. (To the Edi
tor.) I would like to have an error
corrected In my letter which was pub
lished in The Oregonian Tuesday. I
desired to say that: It the economic
conditions were changed so that there
would be no struggling families, per
haps it would be to the interest of th
state if there were large families.
EVOLUTION.
"Spot" Advertising
Newspaperdom quotes a promi
nent advertising man as statins;
what he considered- the newspaper's
greatest asset, from an advertising
man's standpoint.
"First and greatest' Is the power
that it gives the advertiser to sepa
rate, to concentrate, and to control
advertising. It gives the opportun
ity to do 'spot advertising, adver
tising that can be done in certain
territories.
"This is important to the adver
tiser, for there are very few big
National propositions that can be
established by one effort.
"Most manufacturers do not have
enough money or machinery for
getting their goods on sale all over
the country at once."