Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, November 03, 1915, Image 8

Morning Oregonian., November 03, 1915, Page 8, Image 8

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Newspaper Page Text8 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1915. PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Poatoffice as second-class matter. Subscription Rate Invariably in advance. (By Mail.) Dally;, Sunday Included, on year. $8.00 Daily, Pun day included, six monthe.... .- Daily, Sunday included, three month!.. 2.2 Daily. Sunday included, one month Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months..... 3.-5 Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1.73 Dally, without Sunday, one month 00 "Weekly, one year Sunday, one year. ..................... 2.50 Sunday and Weekly, one year (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year.... Daily, Sunday included, one month.. ...... .v . 0.00 . .75 -How to Remit Send poatoffice money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at .sender's risk. Oive poatoffice address in full., including county and state. Postage Rates 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent; IS to 32 pases, Z cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents; CO to tk pages. 4 cents; 52 to Tt pages, 3 cents: 78 to 92 pages, 6 cents. Foreign postage, double rates. Kant era Business Office Verree ConX lin, Brunswick building. New York; Verree & Conklin. Steger building, Chicago; San Krancisco representative. R. J. Bldwell, 74a Market street. J PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY, NOV. 3. 1915. ? . AX THE CROSSROADS. ! Budget revision by the School Board is a reminder that in the last ten or twelve years the cost of main- taining the Portland public schools i has increased something like ten-fold. i Growth in population, -which has been J material, has brought growth iii the , cost of the district's educational sys- item. But the additions to the number of people within the district can ac count for only a small part of the pro- gressive record of Portland's school taxes. lThe curriculum of the public schools is far more elaborate than when the parents of the present school generation were pursuing their studies. Gradually numerous things which the parents of to day's parents considered a function of the homo have been taken over by the public. In later years the direc tion of school affairs formerly expected of the School Board has been dimin ished gradually by direct or indirect means. The Grade Teachers' Asso ciation has obtained legislation which ties the hands of the Board in eco nomic control of the teacher-employes. There exist also the Parent Teacher Associations. They are com posed of persons who have an inti mate, personal interest in the welfare . of the schools. They aie sincere and well-meaning. They constitute some of our best citizens and they are a force in guiding school affairs that must be reckoned with. All these In fluence the cost of the school system. Without preconceived or definite plan or co-operation among the sev eral associations to burden 'the pub lic with the duties of the home, they have, nevertheless, worked uncon sciously toward that end. Some of the newer school activities were under taken originally v in an experimental way. They were supported with a showing that the initial cost was low. But once established, they could not but grow and spread and finally be come general. If one school has a fully equipped department of domestic science and sewing, what argument can the School Board advance in opposition to the demand by. patrons of another school for domestic science and sewing, too? If they are good for one school they are good for all. Domestic science and sewing are now taught through established departments in sixteen Portland schools. Is there any reason from an educational standpoint why the other forty-seven schools in Port land should not have them? There is none, and the patrons of the several schools have been quick to realize it. But so far as domestic science is concerned, it is but illus trative. As districts have outgrown thVold buildings, or land in the out skirts has become newly settled; new huildines have been required. In con struction of these buildings a tendency toward providing facilities for Instruc tion of hand as well as brain, for pro moting the health, comfort and even enjoyment of the pupils has been ob served. Swimming pools, shower baths, srvmnasiums. manual training depart ments, larger playgrounds, better con struction and other means'" ana con trivances to gratify the progressive Jtaste of pupils, parents and instructors have been added. Parents tn some portions of the city may now transfer 5q the public the duty of looking after "their children's cleanliness, muscular Sflevelopment, physical welfare, knowl cdge of household duties, handiness with tools, and even ability to culti vate the ground. Is.it any wonder that the parents of other children,- who are taught essen t tally only reading, writing, arithme tic, geography and grammar, send delegations to the School Board to In sist upon having the larger education that is offered elsewhere? Is it re markable that the School Board finds it a grievous perplexity to fit the an nual budget to the ability of the tax payers to pay? Clearly, the Board is at the parting of two ways. The fads born of prosperity and so-called edu cat-tonal progress must be extended ' generally throughout the ctty or some of them must be at least temporarily abandoned where they now exist. There are two circumstances, to be considered. One is the burden upon Vhe taxpayers at a time when a bur den is doubly oppressive, and the other is the welfare of the pupils. The remark by Dr.- A. J. Giesy, a member of the budget advisory com Mhittee, is not Idle comment. "We must not lose sight of the fact," he said, "that when effort is eliminated success is proportionately decreased." The handicap in after life placed upon one in youth by parental affluence that tinds expression in luxurious leading strings is proverbial. AVhen every seed js anticipated by maturer Intel -?eets, there is inevitably loss of Initia tive. Yet the guiding spirit of the schools today overlooks this common - and wholesome lesson. The tendency is to provide, provide, "provide: to make youthful training in all particulars an automatic expres sion of public bounty; to start the child in a fixed groove and turn him out a finished product; to relieve the parent of responsibility; in short, to -establish as a public function the ananufacture of manhood and woman Ji.ood without self-applied energy. T-The system, if carried to the-ulti .mate now- implied, is almost certain to" be" productive of a race mediocre in -hat individual - aggressiveness and self-assertiveness that are essentials of success, a population that can con ceive no wisdom or proper guidance In aught but the collective effort of governmental paternalism. 4 .There Is a signboard of common sense and financial economy at the crossroads where the School Board now stands. J ACK SOX AND WILSON. The Jackson Club of Po.-tiand has an idea that, out of deference to the President, its name should be changed to be the Woodrow. Wilson Club. It is a grand idea, which The Oregonian unqualifiedly indorses.. Tbere were some features in the career of the Great Democrat which it is well to recall in these piping times of Democratic prosperity and good will among men. Andrew Jackson, for ex ample, was a soldier, who believed that the way to treat the Nation's enemies was to fight them and to conquer them. It is not hard to imagine what Mackson would have done with Mex ico; and it is no less easy to surmise that President Jackson would have acted instantly in assertion of the Na tional honor in any of the complica tions growing out" of- the European war. There would have been no watch ful waiting with him; nor futile fool ing after the Lusitania incident; nor polite protesting after the British em bargo on sea trade. Not with Jack son. Yet Jackson Is the real Democratic idol and Wilson only an imitation idol. Jackson was a Democrat, and Wilson is an aristocrat; Jackson was a friend of the common people, whom he knew and understood, and Wilson has merely an academic interest in the common people, whom he doubtless desires to serve at a distance but whom he neither knows nor under stands. Jackson was a warrior," and Wilson is too proud to fight. Jackson boldly avowed that the. spoils belong to the victor; Wilson repudiates the spoils doctrine, but permits his sub ordinates to practice it. ' J It is not to be wondered at that the jacKson tjiuD contemplates only a temporary change to the titular head ship of Woodrow Wilson. When the waters are calm and the election is over, and the spoils are safely be stowed, the Jackson Club will reavow its real Democracy. That is to.say, it will if it is a Democratic Club. MISS CAVELL Aim MRS. SURRATT. The Oregonian is invited by a cor respondent, in a private letter which expresses dissatisfaction with the gen eral American attitude toward Ger many, to explain why America, which hanged Mrs. Surratt, is not thus estopped from complaining about the summary execution by the autocratic German military power of Miss Cavell. The task is not" difficult; nor is there any reason for a belated sneer at the United States for hanging a muraeress, the kin of regicides, even though she be a woman, while it is horrified at the summary shooting of a political offender who neither asks nor gets special clemency because of her sex. It ought not to be forgotten that Mrs. Surratt was tried and convicted by a military commission as a con spirator in the plot to assassinate President Lincoln. She had sruiltv knowledge of the proposed deed, and she assisted the murderers o escape. It is true that the commission which tried her and adjudged her guilty rec ommended her to the clemency of f resident Johnson, but he refused to interfere. Miss Cavell was accused of a crime against a state by aiding Its enemies to escape from its authority. She was not a spy, and was not so charged, and sne had no animus toward any indl viauai. .tsut it was charged and it was admitted that she betrayed the confidence of the military powers in Belgium. She acted out of loyalty 'to Great Britain and against the sov ereign interests of Germany. It was grave political offense, but it in volved no moral turpitude; and it was in the eyes of the subjects of at least one nation a commendable act. Miss Cavell believed she was performing a nign auty to her country. No women were hanged or shot as spies during our Civil War, and it is said that no woman has suffered death in England for a political offense since the days of James II.. Undoubt edly, in the light of modern justice, women receive more consideration than- men; and all just men desire it to be so. VAGRANT HORDES. With the advent of Winter the hobo Is becoming a general nuisance in the land again. During the bountiful months of Summer he causes little annoyance. Nature provides him with shelter and he manages to hustle such little food as he needs,, either by per forming occasional chores or by beg ging. But Winter finds him in a piti ful plight," for having loafed the Sum mer away he has nothing laid by for the inevitable rainy day, and care of him falls upon the community. If he is denied food he eventually becomes desperate and resorts to theft, since he wtll turn to any extreme rather than work. He always has a hard- luck story to tell and attributes his unhappy plight to force of circum stances beyond his control. .There are so many thousands of these pitiable creatures in .the land that the problem in the aggregate Is a serious one. Bees have settled the problem of handling their drones most effectively, but humans- have more tender sensibilities, and so we con tinue to countenance' and support these unwashed loafers in indelence without practical effort to correct their deficiencies. Each city and town sets out to solve the tramp prob lem in the easiest possible manner. It is usually that of driving them along to the next settlement. Keep them moving is the motto, and so they are given something to eat and a place to sleep, provided they rid the com munity of their presence at once. That they are sicR men, defective men, and that many, if not most of them, would yield 10 treatment aoes not appear to have occurred seriously to those re sponsible for handling the tramp problem. This phase of trampdom, however, has been taken up earnestly by a Chi cago Judge, who "has analyzed the average hobo and reduced his attri butes to thetr elements. He finds the hobo to be constituted of twenty per cent laziness, ten per cent hard luck, ten per cent criminal Instincts, and sixty per cent physical and men tal defectiveness. Such is" the typical tramp who loafs from one year's end to the other. Assuredly" Nature has fitted him. with scant equipment for the battle of life. Surely with such a hopeless mixture of bad traits he is under a tremendous handicap. With out being wholly vicious or suffi ciently defective to warrant his dc tention as a public ward, he is bereft of the vital spark of energy which is besto.ved by Nature upon the normal man. He reminds us of an automobile which has everything needed for loco motion except a magneto. Hecart be pushed and pulled but not sent off under his own power. v hat he needs is overhauling or repair rather than relegation to the economic junkheap. Almost a man. deficient only in traits that can be remedied,- he offers a fine field for experiment by tinkerers in human na ture. Many miraculous cures have been effected by rockpile terms. The fatal habit of laziness has been over come by protracted periods of en forced labor. Perhaps if trrts remedy were elaborated and developed it might - lead - to a system of curing tramps of their inherent worthless- ness. Not the older ones, to be sure. There is nothing more hopelessly ob stinate in his vagrancy than an an cient vagabond. But the hobo army is made up for the most part of young men, and the score of those thousands which iave been turned by chance into useful pursuits suggests that- -organized methods of treating mem, ratner than mistreating: them. would serve both the ends of human ity and of economic gain. TENACITY IN COMBAT. Von Mackensen and his 300,000 men sweeping southward toward the Bal kan conflagration, following their ar duous campaigns in Poland, empha size the wonderful fighting energy of tne wrman army, which has been so carefully cultivated and developed as to become a fixed German military trait. The Germans are forever doing something. They take literally the military tenet that It is better to at tack and lose . than never attack at all. Indecision is held the worst pos sfble enemy of successful operations and no genius can hope to win who has not aggressiveness In his makeup. ifruuan!: leaders who have lacked Initiative and energy have failed where leaders with bulldog tenacity and little genius have won. Our own Grant was by no means a genius in strategy, but he was a genius in lead ership. He knew how to hit even bet ter than he knew when to hit. The same is true of the old German hero. Blucher, who was anything but a strategist, and yet he was more than a match for men his superior in mili tary technique. The Germans have sacrificed much to this idea of maintaining the of fensive. In this day of high-power machines of destruction thev have ad- nered to mass formations simply to maintain their hitting power. Con servation of life is inferior to fire superiority in the German tactics. They are willing to pay more in lives tnan the cost to the enemy provided the enemy gives way before their un yielding lines. Tireless energy, con stant operations, habitual assaults mark German campaigning. The offi cers and noncommissioned officers are taught to keep going and the ag gressive spirit has become the mas tering spirit of the German army. It persists even under that rending ex haustion which follows the strain of combat. ' Against such a SDirit so well de veloped in so many millions of men, and with organization and civil effi ciency to back up that morale, the process of breaking: down German re sistance, which the allies say they are ueierminea upon, is certain to provide history with even redder pages than it has yet known unless diplomacy in tervenes. WOMEN GAMBLERS. The charge that women and China men are now the country's gamblers is too familiar to require reiteration. We have all been told of the iniquities of auction bridge and bridge whist, with substantial stakes as the issue. Scores of indulgent husbands have been driven to ruin by the gambling instincts of their wives. The familiar tragedy of fifteen yeass ago when the family was in want while the husband gambled his all away, has been given a new setting. It is too often mother who loses the family savings across the green cloth these modern days. Just how strong a hold old Dame Chance is getting upon the female of the species is revealed by a stirring raid effected by a. squad of Harlem policemen. They broke into the home of a fashionable matron and found assembled some forty women who were spending the afternoon trifling with Fortune. Bridge-whist and poker had palled upon them and they were playing the races. A wire was con venient for giving them the latest re turns and some had wagered as high as $300. An array of limousines and touring cars outside the gambling place was what attracted the police to their haunt. There is no intention of Inferring from this incident and many others of a similar character that women generally are catching the gambling fever. But it is contended that the number of female gamblers is large and growing larger. Idleness and a lack of larger interests are to blame. along with the stampmark of approval which fashionable society has placed upon the playing of cards for small stakes. Playing for minor sums in evitably leads to large stakes, and once the habit is formed it is equally as hard to break as the spell of drugs or other vicious habits. The law has put a stop to the widespread practice of gambling by men, but the law has something of an obstacle to overcome in tracking the festive kitty to those exclusive haunts of afternoon clubs where the Goddess of Chance has es tablished headquarters of late. For the one that the police may reachJ there are many that remain inaccessi ble. Probably it will remain for irate and outraged husbands to unite to stop the evil. THE CANAL'S FIRST YEAR. A statement of the Canal Record that the tolls of the Panama Canal in its first year exceeded cost of opera tion and maintenance by $276,656, representing "a profit of 6.7 per cent" on cost of operation and maintenance causes the Railway Age-Gazette to ob ject to the use of the word "profit." It says that railroads cannot keep their accounts in this way and that addition of interest -would show a def icit of over $10,000,000. It is doubtful whether any railroad ever earned interest on- its bonds dur ing the first year of operation. Moun tain roads in particular have slides. as has the canal. The first year is more or less experimental with a rail road; so it has been with the canal. The war also has taken away much traffic which would have gone through the canal in peace times. But the canal was not built as money-making investment; it was built as a factor in our National defense, for it doubles the efficiency of the Navy. A further motive of National policy was to stimulate trade by im proving and cheapening transporta tion. There is good reason to believe that the present slides will be the last of any importance and that, when they are removed the canal will be open to continuous- operation. When peace restores trade to its natural channels we have good cause to expect traffic to grow at such a pace that in a few years the revenue will pay interest as well as expenses. The building of the canal will then be Justified as a mat ter of business as well as on grounds of National policy. Some 4600 acres of farming land in the South has been obtained by a so ciety formed in New Vork for the purpose of providing homes for war stricken Europeans. This tract is. to be divided into small ones and placed at the disposal of worthy heads of families who are used to farming. The society should see to it that only those who are skilled in agriculture are placed on this land, for the tyro would have a, sad time of It at intensive farming with his own labor as the one medium of sustenance. Rural dwell ers from Europe who know the game will find in this enterprise a true boon. It will give them a veritable new lease on life amid conditions such as they can never have known in the agricultural districts of Europe, where the lot of the average peasant is .one of many hardships and few joys. Portland and the state can ill afford to spare a man like the late A. J. Kingsley. He wasa firm believer in the superior resources and merits of Oregon, and he showed his faith in his works. He was at the head of an important manufacturing concern, built up through many difficulties and discouragements; but he succeeded. He succeeded because he had abound ing enthusiasm, untiring energy and practical ideas. But he was not at fall content with mere personal -prog ress. He felt that he owed a debt to the community and he discharged it. He shouldered often the burdens of others and he undertook public serv ice, out of sense of duty and a keen desire to help. The ctty which places its welfare in the hands of its Kings leys is sure of abundant reward. These are trying days for British aristocrats. Those who are not at the front living In. wretched hardship among the trenches have been put to work in one way and another toy force of public opinion. Among the lot is no less a person than Lord Charle mont, who is engaged in a London munitions plant at the munificent sti Dend of 25 shilline-w a wa1t T- 4. re corded that his lordship manages to turn out about 150 shells per day by his own labor. While it is consid erable Of a riarrlsVlir n-n tVa titled tocrat to have him making shells, he is mucn more tortunate than some of the noblemen who have been engaged in stopping them. Dr. Wellinerton Koo. the new r-h- nese Minister, should get along swim mingly in this country. He Is a grad uate of Columbia TTnivprsitw ar,A an ta well versed in Occidental wiles and ways. we wears no queue, while his family name is appended to the end of his cognomen in accordance -with the American practice. While this is in dicative of his progressive nature, it must be admitted that, the name would have a -far mnrA fVrlrfoTitQl vim. to it if he adhered to the custom of ms loreiatners ana wore his family name first. Then we would be able to refer to him as Dr. Welline-ton nnt as Dr. Koo. The last time the figures were checked it was found that of 14,000.- 000 foreign-born residents of this country 1,650,361 were - unlettered. Thus is revealed most emphatically the necessity of establishing night schools for unread additions to our National family. Co-operation with the Government in this great under taking is being attempted by a num ber of cities. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. has just joined the movement with a system of night schools for foreigners and the institutions are showing a neavy enrollment. It has been figured down by a clever statistician that the average pay of the Baptist minister in this coun try is J1.87 per. day. This is even less than the wage of the average workman. Obviously we are niggardly with those who toil in the pastures of the Lord. Saving souls at such a rate must be discouraging un less the worker looks to hts work for his real rewards. But taking that view of it, we fail to see how he can keep himself properly nour ished if he has a family; and an improper diet never was compatible with keen satisfaction in life. Public band concerts are a luxury and those who will miss them can buy the machines that make- the music. If one man in each block were to do so and turn them loose pleasant even ings in Summer, the city would become the musical spot of the Nation. All of last year's and much of this year's crop of tobacco in Virginia and Tennessee are still in the warehouses, but has anybody discovered a differ ence in the flavor of the smoke? Giving of false names by Chicago refugees who were brought home from Europe by the Government suggests that the war returned some undesira ble citizens to the United States. Since only forty-five out of 2000 sea. men at San Francisco . could -qualify under the seamen's law, it is a marvel that arty ships keep afloat on the Pa clfic. The Jackson Club, being devoted to Bryan's peace policy, could not longer endure the name of a fire-eating mili tarist, like Old Hickory. Gas, having been used by the Brit ish in retaliation on the Germans, is now established as an Implement ot civilized warfare. When a woman trips on a dog and upsets a lamp which sets fire to the house, the dog, being a wise animal, spends a few days visiting. With American aid, Carranza may be able eventually to beat Villa.. How ever, Villa is by no means the last of his kind in Mexico. When the triumphant Aggies make a noise this morning, help them make it louder. In these times school janitors will be required to use elbow grease in stead of vacuum cleaners. If the allies don't hurry up and save Serbia, there will be nothing left to save. When Victor Murdock's red head looms up in the war zone it wpl be a fine target. A color-blind chauffeur will not do a thin? to the new traffic device. How to Keep Well By Dr. W. A. Enn, The Growth of Hair. The hair is produced by the skin. The cells which compose it are skin cells. Furthermore, the cells are of the s a. me type as the cells which form the outer layers of the skin. In the eeper layers of the skin well below the surface in certain parts of the body are small groups of cells which are set aside as producers of hairs. These cells multiply to produce a hair. This hair shaft pushes up to the level of the kin between the other skin cells and appears on the surface. The young hair cells are exactlv like other skin cells. Presently they pick p pigment, and from this pigment the color of the hair results. In the center of the hair is a cellular area in which In the normal hair there is more pig ment than elsewhere In the hair. There is no blood or tissue Juice or anv other fluid in this space. In fact, it is not even a space. Hairs are not hollow. When hair is cut nothing oozes out of this space. Nothing Is gained by singe ing tne hair or by any other procedure to stop the. hairs from "bleeding" or oozing." When hairs turn gray it is partly be cause of change in the pigment but mainly because these cells in the cen ter of the shaft shrivel somewhat and minute bubbles of gas appear. Gray nair in a sense is hollow; other hair is not. In the main the period of life at which hair turns gray is determined by inheritance. A man Is very apt to turn gray at the age hts parents' hair turned. The second most potent factor is the W'ar and tear of life. Sudden violent emotions may change the color of the hair within a few hours. When the hair turns gray as the resutl of mental processes it may regain some of its old color under the influence of a life of calm. That the sun can chance the color of the hair is well known. Oc casionally the hair will change color as the result of a severe illness. But in the majority of instances the color of the. hair cannot be changed except by the use of dyes. The dyes used forgiv ing- color to gray hair are in the main compounds of lead. There is always danger of lead poisoning where lead hair dyes are used. - Pyle quotes Leonard as statins: that the following hair dye can be used without injuring the skin: 1 ounce bismuth citrate. 2 ounces rosewater. 2 ounces distilled water. y ounce alcohol. A few drops of ammonia water. To be applied in the morning. 1 ounces distilled water. To be applied at night. To dye a brown color Pyle says that a mixture or pyrogallic acid in rose water may be used. One may be jus- tinea in using hair dyes, but I doubt it. Should Be Examined. Mrs. G. M. writes: "I have had bron chitis for a year; tonsils are also en larged and diseasesd. Recently I have been running a temperature of 99.2 and 9.4 every afternoon. 1 Could that be due to an irregular and rapid heart action, or would you advise me to have lungs examined? My tonsils are not bad, although I have occasional acute attacks. I spray throat every day. 2l What do you mean by having tonsils cleaned? (3) Could this throat trouble and cough be the cause of rheumatism ana poor Heart action? I am 27." REPLY. 1. You will nrobably find vou have con sumption. Have a careful examination. z. ay massage, pressure and the use of netruments for the purpose the surface ot :he tonsils, and In some instances th. ttinal) cavaues. can be cleaned. J. les. Kot "Cold on Cheat." W. S. writes: "What can I do for a cold on the chest? I presume it is a cola on the chest, although it has been with me for a few months. It is of such a nature that when I take a deep breath I feel that rawsome feeling in the windpipe and immediately after coughing ensues. The cough is a dry cough and is very persistent when I awake in the morning. 2. Does suppressing the cough harm me in any way? and do you think it s a nervous habit that I could avoid by will power? My throat is congested o you thin It that comes from cough ing.' "I should be glad if you can offer any suggestions and advice that will go towaras getting myself cured. I am 20 years of age, 6 feet 3 and weigh about us pounds. 1 do not smoke. I eat and sleep well, having a good appetite ana have not other defects." REPLY. 1. I do not know what vour trmihl. In but I know that It is not & "cold on the chest. Your couch miKht be due to con sumption, elongated uclua. chronic- throat trouble, chronic nose trouble, pressure from an enlursed lymph Eland. Tou should have an examination. 4. .NO. Comes Winter Itch Again. L. E. T. writes: "I am taking the lib erty of writing you regarding dryness of the skin, cause, etc. My skin feels very dry and has a slight itch, some thing like prickly heat, and looks like it was chapped. Is this a commonplace complaint and is there anything I could put on after bathing to relieve the itch ing sensation that would not greatly soil my clothing? My complaint has been especially troublesome since the steam heat was turned on. Any directions you could give me would be carefully carried 'out ana greatly appreciated." REPLY. The onlv satisfactory remedy Is to humid ify the p.ir. By bathing several timesi a week and streasinjr the skin very, lightly with vaseline vou will decrease the discom fort somewnat. Raising; Hogs, Chickens and Rabbits. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) To raise hogs, chickens and rabbits, how far would I have to get away from city limits, railroads, street- car lines and closest neighbor, by law, so the place could not be condemned as nuisance to the public? SUBSCRIBER. It is against the law to raise hogs n the city. Chickens and rabbits may be raised in the city provided the pens are kept sanitary. Neighbors can have the, pens removed by proving in court that the place is a nuisance. Chickens, rabbits and hogs may be raised outside the city. However, the neighbors have the same right of forc ing removal if they can prove the pens to be a nuisance. There are no limita tions regarding railroad or streetcar lines. Curly Peach Leaves. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edl tor. In The Orogonian October 3 there was an error in the statement in re gard to what I use to eradicate the curly leaf on peach trees, and from the letters and telephone calls received, I find there are many interested. The dope I use is as follows: For ach tree, take one-half cupful of salsoda. dissolve in one pint boiling water: when cool, pour on ground around body of tree. Do -this three times: February 1, February 15 and March 1. A. W. FRANCE. Census Ficnres and Exposition, KNOB, Wash., Nov. 1. (To the Ed itor.) (1) Please state the proportion of male and female population tn th United States. (2) Also give the date on which the Panama Exposition is to close. A. B. KINGSBURY. (1) Males. 47,332,122; females, 44,640, 144 (1910 census). -(2) December 4, 1915." THEORY ONE . OFTEN DISPROVED That Weakness Means Immunity From Aacarmslon ever Una Been Trae, MT. ANGEL. Or.. Nov. 1. To the Editor.) I happen to get the "Ford Times." published by the Ford Motor Company. In the October issue is a re print from the "Detroit Free Press. September 5. 1915, where Henry Ford makes the following statements: A vast militarv nrenaration can onlv- in vite conflict. I flrmlv believe that everv man who de liberately devotes his Ufa to the trade of a soldier is either lazy or crasy. And, un happily, most of them are merely lazy, so we are not permitted to put them In asy lums. Let any hostile array or navy, today or ny other time move ajrainst the united States and anything that I have la at tbe isposal of the country for defense. Ana l ouia not taice a cent prolix. Henry Ford is a big man In every respect- His little Fords "ramble right along." and he can't put his new farm tractor on the market too soon to suit s. He is honest in his convictions. and nobody grudges him an annual in come - of . many millions, because rite makes splendid use of the money. But even the greatest of philanthropists may be mistaken. Henry Ford main tains that preparedness invites war; that soldiers are parasites, etc. Ivature is far from being in a state of peace and bliss. On the contrary. It Is ruled by grim laws. The stronger animals prey upon the weaker, the big ger trees crowd out the smaller. Everywhere one can observe that mer ciless struggle, that survival of the fittest, that elimination of the weak. Now. man is just as much a part of nature as the animals and the plants. From his earliest existence he has been subjected to this same law. In spite of 200J years or Christianity, we see him reach an unspeakable climax of bar barity and blood-lust. vv hat guarantee can Mr. Ford give us that this is going to change? That the weak will be molested no longer because they remain weak? The plan which he urges is merely a theory that remains to be proved as practical. On the other hand, the contrary has in variably happened. Yet, far from guaranteeing anything. Mr. Ford, in his last quotation, even admits the possibility of war tn spite of a state of unpreparedness. In that case, does he believe that the millions he would offer (without profit!?) could at a moment's notice, magic a trained army and navy of sufficient power to overcome a superior foe? Unpreparedness is weakness, and weakness cannot, defend. War is a great evil, but not the greatest. It not always murder. And if it be murder, 1 would rather commit that murder than be murdered myself or be robbed of my home and become the slave of a stronger nation. - Life has always been and , will always be a fight. War is the same fight on a big ger scale. War has always existed and will exist as long as evil Is a factor man's life. To deny the rjossibilitv of war under any circumstances is to deny hell. AMERICAN WITHOUT THE HY PHEN. PLACE WHERE CE.VSlRB BELONGS Let It Fall on Those Able to Rear Fam ily but Do Not. PORTLAND. Nov. 2. (To the Ed Itor.) There recently appeared in your editorial columns an article enti tied "Willful Childlessness." There can be no doubt of he pernlciousness of tnis "willful childlessness " nor of the lack of full, complete happiness in the lives of those who are childless. If there were any way, however, to reach by .law those who are willfully child less, it snouia, in Justice, fall only upon those who. Intellectually. physically and financially, are best able to assume the responsibilities of parenthood. Un fortunately it is usually this class of citizens who are most unwilling to assume sucn responsibilities. There are many men with families who are facing tho Winter without any prospects - of securing work and with no accumulated, means for meet ing the emergency. It will be said that these are extreme or abnormal times. This is so; and no one knows how long these abnormal times will continue; and In normal times no one knows when abnormal times will arise. see men with families, even when working steadily, compelled to live from hand to mouth from day to day, without being able to lay up a cent for the proverbial rainy day. Many work ers in offices, factories, etc., at the wages often paid, have all they can do to procure daily necessities for even a small family, let alone laying by some thing lor an emergency. Have mar ried people any right to bring children into the world unless they can gtVe them the proper education and train ing to meet the continually increasing demands of modern business and so ciety?- Laying aside all questions of the dangers attendant upon birth, with the foregoing facts in mind, what encour agement is there for the average man and wife in the wage-earning class to deliberately take upon themselves the responsibilities of parenthood, though they may. greatly desire to . do so? Those who do are heroes and heroines of the highest type. But thia is the class of people who. proportionately, have usually done most of the child raising, the result of which is the es tablishment of homes for homeless children all over the country. When censure in this matter Is passed care should be taken that it fall where It belongs; that is, upon those who are financially able to bring up a family and give them not luxuries, but fair advantages lor their highest development. JOBLbbS. STOP OWE, STOP ALL, SAYS HE Writer Proposes Cessation of All Profit Taklne on Sunday, Even Interest. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Editor.) Every once in a while, usually just be fore an election, there is a peculiar kinrl of a bug that shows up from no body knows wheie, that- is generally known as "the reform DUg." When one gets bit with this bug, it causes a marvelous change in heart in the victim, and he at once becomes a charter member in a select society known as "my brother s keeper. He Immediately lets his own business go to the dogs to look after his neign bor's. Sometimes he justifies his ac tions as being inspired by law and other times "by religion, in eitner case, it works tho same, and he starts out to susDend all activities or every aina and nature from being in operation on Sunday. He wants every human being to become a thirty-third degree I. W. W.. so far as, work is concerned, and every commercial inaustry to oe granted a temporary divorce from profit. For the first time in my me t nave been bitten by this bug and, not being a piker. I propose to go the limit. It Is not the jntention of the laws of God or man to make a "goat" of one man and a "sheep" of another, but rather. a policy of "shooting au-50" with them all. So, I suggest closing them all down- the electric light plants, street cars, railroads, etc. They are all op erated for profit the same as a gro cery store. Pass a law suspending In terest o'n notes, bonds and mortgages, etc.", on Sunday. Make the man who deals in them toe the mark like the rest of us. Fire, life and accident pol icy writers should not bo allowed to get in their graft on the seventh day. Making the policy - Inoperative on Sun day is one way. but making the insur ance company "kick back" with one- seventh of the premium would be more satisfactory to most of us. As advertising Is a business by itself, all business men must be made to take down -their signs or keep them covered up to prevent them -from being read and all show windows must be cur tained to prevent, the display of goods or merchandise on the Sabbath. J. A. MACK. Twenty-five Years Ago. From The Oregonian of November .3, 1S90. St. Petersburg The Grand Duke Nicholas, who became insane' during recent army maneuvers. Is now com pletely paralyzed and in a comatose condition. There is no danger of a violent crisis. . - , London, Nov. 2. Joseph Chamber lain, in an interview with a Herald re porter, intimates his intention to op pose Lord Randolph Churchill's revived ambition - for Parliamentary leader ship, owing to the latter's rejection) of Mr. Chamberlain's radital policy out lined some time ago. Chicago. Nov. 2. F. F. Spencer, vice president of Hibbard, Spencer. Bart lett & Co.. one of the best-known hard ware men in the country, died last night, agefl 73. Parts. Nov. 2. The Brazilian govern ment has concluded negotiations with the Societe Generate for a railway lino. This is the first European loan of the Brazilian Republic Paris. Nov. 2. The fund for a monu ment in honor of Garibaldi Is receiv ing many subscriptions in France, a fact that shows that a betetr feeling toward Italy exists among the French people. Chairman E. W. Allen has called a meeting of the World's Fair commit tee of the Oregon Board of Commerce to be held at the Chamber of Commerce rooms in this city November 11. The object is to take the preliminary steps to arrange for Oregon s exhibit at Chi cago. The foundations of the library build ing are completed and the contract for tho granite base courses has been let. The granite on board the steamer Mich igan is for this building. The "Field of Honor" will receive Its first representation at Cordray's The ater tonight with an increased com pany, and the Musee entertainment will also contain several new features. Half Century Ago. From The Oregonian of November 3, 1S63. Among extensive works proposed by the people of that flourishing town, Kansas City, is the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River for the Cameron railroad. This office was yesterday treated to a box of excellent pears by Rev. Mr. Daly, living a few miles south of the city. The fruit Is excellent, and the donor has the thanks of "all hands" for his present- It is but little known that the first anti-slavery paper started in the United States was published in East Tennessee. It was called "The Eman cipator." and was published at Green ville, the home of President Johnson, by Benjamin F. Lundy, a Friend in religious faith and a native of Belmont County, Ohio. , San Francisco The California Steam Navigation Company's new river steamer Pacific will probably be launched on Saturday from Potrero. She is said to be the finest river boat on the Pacific Coast. There will be a public meeting at the Methodist Episcopal Church at 7 o'clock for the purpose of considering the cause of the reedmen. A full attendance is solicited. The meeting will be addressed by E. Walker, agent of the American Missionary Associa tion, and other eloquent speakers. The steamship Active,. Captain Thorn, arrived - from Victoria last evening at 9 o'clock. We are placed in possession of Victoria papers up to the first by her arrival. , WHERE WAR SPIRIT DOMINATES Execution of Mitts Cnvell Contrasted With Case in England, PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) W. R. McUarry's defense of Ger many tn executing Miss Edith Cavell will not receive favorable considera tion from neutral Americans who are the world's formost supporters of fair play. We have heard conflicting stories as to the respective treatments given the British and German soldiers, cap tured by the enemy, and it is difficult . while the stress of conflict is rife and prejudices incident to the war con tinue for Americans to arrive at the real facts and conditions, but it ap pears that the attitudes of the two governments are. fairly reflected in the treatment accorded two women prison ers, both charged, in effect, with aiding and abetting the enemy. In this in stance the facts do not support Mr. McGarry's remarks, but instead are creditable to the British. As a comparison we have a German woman, Mrs. Louise Herbert, who wedded an Englishman. She played the role of a German spy tn her adopted country, seeking information as to English military affairs and sending her findings to Germany by correspond ing with German friends in Switzerland. Had she been a man she would have been court-martialed and shot. As It was, she was sentenced to only six months in prison. Over in Belgium, however. Miss Cavell, who was charged with having helped English. "French and Belgian soldiers to escape from Belgium, - but who had proffered her services In nurs ing German soldiers, was executed in the face of , protests from numerous neutral governments, in the face of a pending appeal to Emperor William and in violation of promises by local mili tary officers that the American Embassy would be fully advised as to every step taken in the case. We realize, of course, that war is war and while war rages Justice is often cast aside, but human rights and promises should not be violated even In response to the war spirit and Mr. McGarry and other German sympa thizers will find great difficulty in con vincing the American people that Ger man officers observed human rights or displayed respect for their word in the execution of Miss Edith Cavell. " J. L ROGERS. When to Welcome Big Families. OSWEGO, Or, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) I would like to have an error corrected In my letter which was pub lished in The Oregonian Tuesday. I desired to say that: It the economic conditions were changed so that there would be no struggling families, per haps it would be to the interest of th state if there were large families. EVOLUTION. "Spot" Advertising Newspaperdom quotes a promi nent advertising man as statins; what he considered- the newspaper's greatest asset, from an advertising man's standpoint. "First and greatest' Is the power that it gives the advertiser to sepa rate, to concentrate, and to control advertising. It gives the opportun ity to do 'spot advertising, adver tising that can be done in certain territories. "This is important to the adver tiser, for there are very few big National propositions that can be established by one effort. "Most manufacturers do not have enough money or machinery for getting their goods on sale all over the country at once."