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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 6, 1915)
TUT: TirORXTN'O OREGOSTAX. TTJTSDAT, JULY 0. 1915. POBTLA.ND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poetoffice as seconaclaas matter. Subscription Rates Invariably In advance: Bv Msll.i Dally. Sunday Included, one year SS.OO Xraily, Sunday Included, six months. ... 4.25 Dally, Sunday Included, three months.. a.- Daily, Sunday included, one month. .... Daliy, without Sunday, one year. ...... 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months..... 2.25 Daily, without Sunday, threa months... 1.15 Daily, without Sunday, one month. .... .tto Weekly, one year .......... ........ 1.5ir Sunday, one year 2.50 fcunday and Weekly, one year.... 1 3.50 tiy carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year...... S.oo Daliy. Sunday Included, one month..... .75 How to Bemlt Send Fostotflce money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, com or currency are at sender's risk. Give poatofflce addresa In full. Including county and state. Postage Rates 12 to IS pages. 1 cent; IS to 3 1 pages, 2 cents; 34 to 43 pages. 8 cents; fiO to '- pages, 4 cents; 62 to 78 pages, 5 cents; 7s to i pages, o cents. Foreign post, age. double rates. afttern Business Offices Verree as Con k -Jin. Brunswick building. New York; Verree Sc Conklin. Sieger building. Chicago; JSan Francisco representative, B, J. Bldwell. 742 Market street. POKTLAXD, TUESDAY. JCtX 6, 1915. : AX AMERICAN, YET NOT AN AMERICAN. The question "When Is an Ameri ! can not an American?" has come up for discussion through opinions given by Secretary of State Lansing when r he was counselor of the State Depart- ment. Mr. Lansing simply stated ; what the law Is in two typical cases f which came before him, but his opinons called forth declarations from ex-President Roosevelt and Senator " Lodge on what the law ought to be. One case was that of P. A. Lelong, ' of New Orleans, born in the United i States of a French, father. Mr. ' Lansing wrote to him that he was . "born with a dual nationality" and that "the department cannot there : fore give you any assurance that you would not be held liable for the per . formance of military service in fiance ; should you voluntarily place yourself k within French Jurisdiction." Mr. ; Lansing quoted the French Code, ; which defines as & Frenchman "every r person born of a Frenchman in France or abroad." Under that . definition no Frenchman ever could become an American, for it declares Mr. Lelong a Frenchman and hence his sons would be Frenchmen also, and so on for generation after gen eration. Ugo Da Prato was born in Boston after his father had been naturalized, and went to Italy to study architec ture, but was forced into the Italian , army. Mr. Lansing Informed Mr. Lodge that "it does not appear that he can be considered an Italian sub ject under Italian law," and has re quested his release. In both cases the opinion of the State Department was based on for eign, not American, law, though in both cases foreign law conflicts with the declaration of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States that: All persons born or naturalized In the "United States and subject to the jurisdic tion thereof are citizens of the United States and of the stato wherein they reside. Colonel Roosevelt declared that ft was "dangerously close to treason fo the United States that men born here of foreign parentage should be blandly informed by the State Department that if they visit the countries in which their parents were born they can be seized, punished for evasion of military duty or made to serve in the army." Mr. Lodge protested against the acceptance of foreign law as valid when in conflict with our own law and said: Because Italy, or any other country, has a law which conflicts with ours It does not follow that we should fail to sustain our own law and our own doctrine. If we did so there would be no conflict of laws be cause we should then submit to the law of another country instead of maintaining our own. Mr. Lodge took exception to the phrase "dual allegiance," but that Is precisely what Germany has tried to create by the following section of her nationality law promulgated in Jan uary 1914: Citizenship is not lost by one who be fore acquiring foreign citizenship has se cured on application the written consent of the competent authortles of his home state to retain his citizenship. Before this con sent is given the German consul is to be hesrd. The Imperial Chancellor may order, with the consent of the Federal Council, that persons who desire to acquire citizenship In a specified foreign country may not be granted the consent provided for In para graph 2 (the foregoing paragraph). This law Is construed by Richard W. Flournoy, Jr., chief of the Bureau of Citizenship of the State Depart ment, to mean that a German resid ing abroad may be naturalized In a -foreign country without renouncing his German nationality unless the "laws of that country require him to renounce any prior allegiance. As United States law requires such re nunciation. It could only apply in this i country if applicants for citizenship were not acting in good faith. 'Another provision of the same law, ' however, provides that persons who .have already lost their German na tionality through residence abroad for ten years may, without returning to "Germany, resume their original na tionality. This would permit German ic American citizens again to become ' German subjects. All these conflicts between laws and these doubts as to the status of foreign-born citizens arise from the necessity of obtaining from foreign nations treaty concessions in order tto make the fourteenth amendment , truly effective. As matters stand, , naturalized citizens no sooner enter ' their native country than they lose ;the rights they have acquired as citi ' zens. Unless these rights can be enjoyed abroad they are of limited : value, and a naturalized American Is not on an equality with citizens of . other countries or with native citi zens who are free from such troubles - as Mr. Lelong and Mr. Da Prato : have encountered. The conflict is fundamental, for It arises from the - difference in theory between aft re public and a monarchy. A republic holds that every man has an inherent " right to choose the government to - which he will own allegiance. A monarchy holds that birth in its do- - minions gives it a perpetual claim to - his allegiance and In some cases to : that of his descendants. . This situation should be ended, but the war will make the ending more difficult than ever. 'With its popula tion depleted, Europe will keep a - tighter grip than ever on what re- r mains, and may seize upon every wanderer who returns as a needed recruit. People who dispute the germ theory of disease are Invited to contemplate the current history of typhoid fever. The teachings of the germ theory have all but eradicated that disease from the world's armies. In our own and the Japanese inoculation Ions since re duced the typhoid death rate to nil. Now comes news of similar purport from France. And yet some people will go on saying that "the germ theory Is all humbug." HAPPY OVER 1AJLURE. We reproduce the following from a Democratic contemporary esteemed ror its sound logic ana . profound knowledge of the effect upon world commerce of recent tragic events: What has become of the demon Underwood tariff? Where is the sob squad that. In the late campaign, claimed everybody was gorg ing -n cheap Australian butter? Where are those "your-butter" Oregonlan editorials dripping with tears and choking with sobs over tne dastard invasion of Oregon by "cheap Australian butter"? "Tne last two steamers leaving San Fran cisco for the Antipodes carried S58.000 pounds of Pacific Coast butter," says The Csteonian now. and it adds: "Shipments earlier In the season aggregated over l.Ouu. K)U oounds." A great many beneficences were expected by the Democrats to accrue from the Underwood tariff, but it seems to be a cause for congratulation among them that the new law has been powerless to relieve the drought which ran Australia short of butter or change Winter to more productive Spring In the Antipodes or relieve the blockade which is ruining Danish but ter-makers. It was generally understood that the main object of the Democratic tariff was to let foreign commodities into this country in greater variety and larger volume. But whenever war and other circumstances "prevent the- ful fillment of that purpose nobody Is hap pier or more triumphant than a Dem ocrat. FRANK HOLT'S INSANITY. Frank Holt, the man who tried to assassinate J. P. Morgan, is unques tionably insane. At any rate he is not sane, for his ways of thought and action are totally different from those of the work-a-day world. He may cherish higher Ideals than or dinary people but he does not cherish them wisely or normally. His writ ing a letter to the Kaiser stamps his mind as abnormal, even though the letter in itself is a pretty good one. His advice to that energetic poten tate is presumptious, of course, but still it is good advice. Mr. Holt counsels moderation, reasonableness and forbearance. Who could do better? - . The sanest of us may envy Mr. Holt his philosophic view of right and wrong. In his madness there Is plenty of method. What he lacks is com mon sense, the saving salt that keeps learning and logic from spoiling. Some men have, a great deal of it and we call them the saviors of so ciety. Most of us have a little and It keeps us out of the lunatic asy lums. Mr. Holt seems to have all desirable mental traits but this in dispensable one and there we sup pose he mu?t be shut up. RIDING THE STATE. PORTLAND. July 4. (To the Editor.) I note by decision of the Supreme Court 3 Howard. 012) that "the shores of navigable waters and the soils under them were not granted by the Constitution of the United States, but were reserved to the states re spectively. The new states have the same rights, sovereignty,, and Jurisdiction over this subject, as the original states." This being conceded as true, how about the shores of non-navigable waters and the soils under them? v hence . comes the right or the Govern ment to conserve water powers W. H. ODELL. The question Mr. Odell presents is the one that inspired the resolu tion adopted by the last Legislature calling for a conference of delegates from Western waterpower states In Portland next Fall. The resolution boldly asserts state Jurisdiction over the beds and waters of non-navigable streams and of navigable streams sub ject only to the paramount rights of navigation and commerce. The Federal Government now con serves waterpowers by regulating the use of Government land necessary to waterpower development through which streams flow. The Ferris bill trades on the necessity of the state to use admittedly Government property In developing Its water resources. Through that necessity the bill seeks to control the use and disposition of the state's water as well as the use and disposition of the Government's land. It would appropriate for the Federal reclamation fund one-half the revenues derived from waterpower de velopment, although the state's inter est Is relatively many times greater than the Government's. When such policies are on foot It Is high time the waterpower states combined in an effort to obtain Jus tice. THE GARY SCHOOLS IN NEW YORK. The Gary system which Mr. Wirt has instituted in some of the New York schools is undergoing a fire of criticism, most of which is, of course, unintelligent. But some of it is ma licious. Those who profit by the old ways are naturally reluctant to admit the value of changes and they are not always scrupulous about the choice of methods to prevent Improve ments. Xo fights are more bitter than those which arise over the discipline and studies in the public schools. The fight which Mr. Wirt has started In New York conforms to the old-established fashion In this particular. But his cause 13 so good it excuses all the trouble he makes. The great merit of the Gary sys tem is that, for less money than the old one. it gives the children more and better teaching. The money saved can be exemplified by an Item or two which will stand in the reader's mind for many others. The saving runs through the whole system. .The ex pense of teachers salaries. estimated by the pupil, Is, under the Gary sys tem, $33.50 a year, while under the old way It Is 42.2 8. A twelve-year course under the Gary system costs. for the average pupil, $394.30, while under the old system the cost is $748.88, almost twice as much. Again the Gary plan gives each pu pil 1416 hours of school work In the year, while the old way gives him but 950. If we count In the Saturday work which Mr. Wirt affords the chil dren his system gives fully twice as much schooling in the year as the prevailing one. But all these ad vantages would be of little worth were it not for the superior educational re sults which the Gary system obtains. It is, in a way. a practical applica tion of the Montessorl Improvements to ordinary school work. The child is trained by the "heart, head and hand" formula from the beginning of. his school course. He gets his man ual, or trade, teaching simultaneously with his culture studies. There is no gap between them and no undemo cratic herding of the pupils who take mechanical training away from those who pursue the culture branches. Another great merit in the Gary schools Is the saving they effect In the pupils' time and in the space, of the school buildings. The boys and girls spend seven or eight hours daily at their school work, but It does not weary them excessively be cause it Is wisely distributed between hands and head. We have grown so accustomed to seeing the school children's time wasted by short hours and badly grouped recitations that the long day of the Gary system ap pears to some persons as an actual demerit. Experience has shown, however, that It is a marked ad vantage. It is to be hoped, for the good of the country, that the Gary plan will conquer for Itself a fair trial in New York. Once fully adopted In that city It would rapidly spread through out the United States and the gain to the rising generation would be In estimable. It would be a pity If a few disgrunted pedagogues should be permitted to blight by their Ill-natured opposition a reform of such promise. THE ANTHRACITE COAL DECISION. The decision In the suit to dissolve the anthracite coal . trusts adds one more to the defeats which the Gov ernment has suffered In the prosecu tion of trusts. The anthracite combi nation Is popularly regarded as a dan gerous monopoly, but the court holds that it is not forbidden by the Sher man law. Either public opinion has wrongly condemned It or the courts are becoming excessively lenient to ward trusts. Possibly the court was influenced to- some extent by the sanction of long-continued Immunity. The failure" of efforts to remedy evils of monopoly after they have be come established adds Importance to the prevention of these evils at their Inception. The Federal Trade Commis sion should be required to watch closely for and to nip in the bud any combination which plainly leads to monopoly. It is far easier to prevent the consummation of a newly-signed contract than to annul a contract which has been In operation for years. In Its recent defeats In the courts the Government Is paying the penalty for having long neglected to enforce the Sherman law. During the period of neglect " great combinations grew and became strong and were woven Into the web of business. Securities deriving their value from combination became widely scattered in the hands of many people of moderate means. Dissolution of the combination would give a shock to business and would Impoverish many Innocent security holders. The courts may have consid ered these possible consequences and may have yielded to unconscious bias against bringing them about. Thus easy tolerance of wrong In its infancy helps to fasten it firmly upon us. MRS. COCXSON'S BIRTHDAY. We attribute some of Mrs. Delila Coulson's long and happy years to the time of.her birthday, which comes on the 5th of July. One born so near the Fourth could hardly fail to re ceive all the blessings of the fairies, of which long life with troops of friends and children would naturally be the first. Mrs. Coulson explains her ninety serene and blessed years upon other grounds. She says good literature 'and good company have helped wonderfully to lengthen her days and fill them with Joy and we are disposed to think she Is right about lt She has gone to church regularly, too. and been careful about her bodily exercise. No doubt these excellent habits have helped keep her young and strong. ' Until quite recently Mrs. Coulson was abre to cook a full meal and we have reason to believe It was always a meal to make the mouth water for months after It had been eaten. Her interests In lire have been wide and varied but the dearest spot on earth for her has been her home, and she is proud, as a good woman should be, to remember how faithful she has been during all these years to its duties. Now In the golden sunset of her days she gathers her children around her to the third generation and re joices with them In the sweet memo ries of the past and the calm hopes of the future. For a woman who hits lived like Mrs. Coulson life has no bitterness and death no terrors. The years to come will grow ever richer In blessed memories and her Jonrney to the other shore, when at last she hears the call of the Master she has served so long and faithfully, will be like a step from one room to another in her old home. ' Her new apart ment will be more beautiful with an outlook on a more peaceful world, but It will not be strange to her, and she Is sure of htr welcome when she enters It. We are glad Mrs. Coulson likes the "old songs" better than those In fashion now. It Is easy to Imagine the angels singing "Kathleen Ma vourneen" In Heaven, but not any of the up-to-date melodies. If they are melodies. We are Inclined to think Mrs. Coulson hits the nail on the head when she calls them "scream ing." USELESS COUNTING OF SCALPS. One favorite occupation of writers on behalf of both parties to the war is to calculate how many men the other pai"X has lost and how many It can still tauster, the purpose being to show that victory for the cause which the particular writer advocates is assured through exhaustion of the supply of men available to the oppos ing cause. By laborious calculation Hillalre Belloc reaches the conclusion that up to June 1 Germany and Austria had lost 3.750.000 men by death, capture or disablement. Allowing for 2.000. 000 men of military age employed In railroad, telegraph and postal serv ice, in arsenals, navy-yards and muni tion factories, he estimates that the effective strength of the German army on that date could not have exceeded 4.500.000 men. of whom not to exceed 1.500.000 were In reserve. Commenting on these figures, the New York Jour nal of Commerce says that "the process of economic exhaustion is nec essarily stimulated by the withdrawal of men from productive employment": that "six months more of war must reduce Germany to a state of military exhaustion." and that "what Is true of Germany In this connection is more emphatically true In regard to the Austrian resources In men and eco nomic capacity." The Journal of Com merce then draws this conclusion: The Russian reverses In Gallcla may delay, but they can hardly prevent, the breakdown "f all the forces of the dual empire, and the consequent narrowing of the contest to that of a life and death struggle for Gor many. Set against this the estimate of Heer and Polltlk, made early In June, that Russia had then lost more than 3.000. 000 men. It quotes the Italian Cor riere della Seres as estimating that the French army has lost half its strength In killed and wounded, while the Lon don Mall places the French losses, including captured, at 1. (00. 000. The total allied losses, after British and Belgian are added, are placed at 6. 000,000. To these should be added the Russian losses in Gallcla during June. AH those estimates are misleading, for they make no allowance for the number of slightly wounded who re turn to the firing lines. These have been estimated at about half of the total killed and wounded. Mr. Belloc also takes no account of the great economic value to Germany of her 1.500.000 prisoners. These are hired to farmers at 15 cents a day and board. They Increase production of food and release for service In the army or In other capacities an equal number of Germans. But this . gruesome counting of scalps does not help in forming an opinion as to the outcome of the war. A better guide Is furnished by the July bulletin of the National City Bank. After quoting figures showing the numerical superiority of Ger many's enemies In population and men under arms. It says: Population counts for nothing In war unless It is so orgsnlsed. equipped end di rected that the weight of numbers is brought lo bear upon tne point of contact with the enemy, either at the buttle front or supporting the batt;e front. The soldiers of all the armies axe fighting with a l.ravery never surpassed, and whatever gains are made, now on one aide and then on tne other, are due to the massing of superior numbers and overwhelming gun. fir at the points of attack. This Is evidently the only way In which a di-clslve advantage t-sn t won. and so far the superior organisation. mobtlit. ami internal support of the ;er mnn a lies have enaMed them to more than hold their on nrslnst their adversaries, not lths:sndlng that the former have- been In large u-ree cut off from outnlde sup plies while the latter have had a-rra to trte markets of the world. In truth, the tSvrman allies have had a much more rji!y anl ampie supply of equipment and miinll lull from their own stores and factories than ttie alllea bsve had from all the rest of the world. Their strength hns been and Is in their economic Independence, their atdllty to get along without the rest of the irll. If they ten continue to do this, their financial problems can be miniBMl, for they will nave ne payments to make abroad and pay. nients at home can be made with the paper currency. The allies would do well to turn their attention from counting the ene my's losses to Increasing their supply of big guns and ammunition and to augmenting their facilities for con centrating superior masses of men and artillery at the point of attack. Not withstanding their numerical superi ority, they have not prevented the Germans from having the advantage In this respect at almost any point of attack, for the central position and superior communications of Germany and Austria have offset inferiority in numbers. History Is full of wars which have been won by smaller numbers with like advantages. The grip of the drug habit on Its victims is exemplified by thoxpolsonlng of forty youths at Hart's Island re formatory. They were under treat ment for drug addictions, and In theli mad craving broke Into tho medicine chest. mixed together belladonna, aconite and a dozen other drugs and swallowed the potion. They must have been suffering keenly to do such a thing. The treatment of drug vic tims requires many humane precau tions. There may be something In Dr. Blackwood's theory that an alfalfa diet Is a sovereign remedy for indi gestion. He also says It will cure "the blues." In support of his theory we can say that we never saw an alfalfa-fed horse or pig In the dumps, and what is good for the lower ani mals may prove to be as good, or better, for us. Let us all try the alfalfa diet for a week or two. Sigmund Mendelsohn, a New York student of child welfare, makes the observation that "well-to-do parents have no delinquent children" ahd draws the pretty obvious conclusion that poverty and delinquency march together. Children thrive In com fortable homes; In the dwellings "of poverty they are blighted In mind and body. The publishing houses of the Unit ed States unite In saying that . the making of "war books" has been over done. The hundreds already published have sold pretty well, but they are not going so fast as they did a few months ago. The mind of the world Is recoiling from Its abnormal In terest In war. A time may come when It will be considered as necessary to teach children to swim as It Is to teach them to walk and talk. Then such fatali ties as that which happened at Salem will be less frequent. Possibly the Germans who were supposed to have surrendered to a lone British officer In search of his binoculars held up their hands only In surprUe. Secretary Daniels might hire some of the Germans who raised the U-30 next time a United States submarine fails to come up. It was Huerta who failed to salute the flag some time ago. Wonder If he thought of that while In Jail on the Fourth? Those weeds which cover Southern Serbia may be beautiful but they will not supply rations W) Serbian soldiers. Now Sweden experiences what It means to have quarrelsome neighbors shooting each other up. The Elks will have a great reunion at Los Angeles next week, but they will remember Portland. Huerta finds that he has at last gone beyond, the limit of even Presi dent Wilson's patience. Warsaw Is beginning to tremble In its shoes as It hears the distant roar of cannon". The Fourth of July has become so safe and sane as to be quite harmless. The auto replaces the firecracker as the deadly agent of the Fourth. The boys missed, the crackers, but do not miss any fingers this morning. Cutting the Summer vacation Inter feres with hopplcklng. The Third Oregon Is an annual Gear hart attraction. Hard to settle down to work this morning? The only fireworks were at the ball grounds. The Beavers took the series, any way. The Liberty Bell has started West. It was a record Fourth without rain. Twenty-Five Year Ago from The Oregonlan of Ju'y . jswv. London. The war cloud grows denser over the Black Sea. Russia reiterates the demand fur payment of arrears cf indemnity and the Turkish treasury Is unable to respond. Tho Czar Is strengthening his fleet in the Black Sea and the torpedo-boat Alder, recent ly constructed in Oermany for tho Hlack Sea fleet, la said to be the fast est warship afloat. It having attained during the trial trip a speed of 26.55 knots. A queer English Invention for use In warfare Is a "smoke rocket." to be used to screen the advance of a body of troops by throwing smoke In I he enemy's eyes, aa It were. It ta a pro nounced success. There Is very little hope that Gov ernor Ferry, of Washington, will In terfere in the case of Edward L. Gal lagher, who la to be hanged at Van couver next Kriday for the murder of Louis Mar near the Lower Caacadce last November. While the cltixens of Vancouver think Gallagher merits death for his cold-blooded crime, it la almost the unanimous opinion that he is insane and ought not to be banged and steps are being taken to save h:m. Five hundred posts for the telephone line from Salem to Portland arrived at Aurora on. Thursday. It Is evident from this that work will commence on this line very soon. An old man, whose name could not be learned, living on Twentieth, between M and N streets. East Portland, came to grief on the afternoon cf the Fourth for being too close to a Urcr bomb when It was on the point of exploding.. He hardly knows how it happened, but several eye-witnesses state that when the bomb exploded the old man double up and turned several somersaults with the rapidity of a circus clown. Penumbra Kelly begins his second term as Sheriff of Multnomah County on Monday. Hig officers will be sub stantially the same as this term. In the office- tt.ere will be the four depu ties. A. W. WltherelL Joe Mlsener. Al bert Salmon and I. A. Marquam. Jr. In each of tho towns of E.iei 1-ortland. Albino, and Sell wood the City Marshal will be made a Deputy Sheriff. At the Hotel Pt-kins the other night a citizen of Rooster Rock with broad manners and a still broader rim to his hat retired to his room at a late hour with a large-sized Jag. After saying his prayers he blew out the gas and sank Into the arms of Morpheus. The transom of his room was wide open, which accounts for the cheerfulness of this tale. In the morning he called a porter to his room and made a vig orous protest about his room smelling bad. Tola fact he thought helped Justi fy him In protesting against the charge at the desk for extra gas used. KRE4.T WE4.LTH IX SETTLEMENT Mr. Joaea Estimates What Hemes. ead- ef La a 4 (.rait eal4 Meaa. ROSEBL'RO. Or.. July 4. (To the Editor.) Referring to th. Oregon A California Railroad land grant, some people get the Idea that to pay the railroad company IS. to for the land and throw It open to settlement under the homestead law. as I suggested In The Oregonlan July J. would cause the counties and state to lose a large amount of taxes. As a matter of fact It mould be Just the reverse. In ad dition to th taxes tj be derived from these lands In their present unim proved condition the value of the tim ber on the land. If the land were set tled In five years the value of the Im provements on the land and the per sonal property would amount to ap proximately flg.oOu.OOO at the end of the five-year period when th settler would auirc his final certificate and the lands and personal property would he all taxable. As proof of this 1 ruhmlt the following figures: The area of tho land Involved Is I.SOO.ft10 acres. . If open to settlement It would provide 1C.00O tracts of 160 acres, or homes for K.OoO settlers. Counting five people to the family it would give a firming population of iO.OOO. At the end of five years each settler must have In actual cultivation nv acres aggregating So.ooo acres of farming lands. In addition to this each settler will have the bruh rut and burned from ten acres and the land seeded to tame grass, not burning or damnging the b!r timber. The five acres of cleared land will have cost the settler In labor liOO: for the purpose of taxes It will be worth hnlf that amount (i:.0) aggregating ll.onn.000. Iurlng the five years euch settler will have built a hnlf mile of wagon road at a cost of Uoo r.-r m! on an average, aggregating S100. At the end of the five-year period each settler will have five head of cows at J2S per head, aggregating tS.0u0.0OO. Cacti settler will have E0 head of sheep or goats (now assessed at fl per head), aggregitlnir 1.I'0.000. Each settler will have a wagon, hsr ness and team, average value f2oo. ag gregating i2.200.ooi): l n.o house and barns. IJuO. aggregating IS.soo.im.O; jo per acre for slashing nnd burning ten acres of land and seeding It to tame grass, aggregating l.0.ooo. Allow each ewftler u family orchard of only 55 trees, aggregating 400.000 trees, of the value of 2 each, aggregating 1&00.000. The grand total Is IIT.SIO.OOO. In addition to this the settlers must during that time period of five years have built JO00 schoolhotiscs. allowing IS scholars to each school, which Is a very fair average. While schools are not as-.ensi.ble they are one of the greatest asct thit any country can possibly have. These figures are approximately cor rect and should convince any reason able man or woman that the state of Oregon would reap mora lasting bene fit from havlnj these wild lands set tled y honest hnmcbullders than If sold to speculators who would hold the timber without ever Improving the land. Whereas now this 5. 300. 000 acres of land Is nothing but a big game pre serve It would. If settled. In five years be a grea' community of happy homes with roads and schools. What Oregon need la more actual permanent homes. No one will ever settle these wild lands but the poor man who Is a real home builder and wants to better his condition and Is looking to the time he can quit working for wages and own his home If ever so humble. It has been suggested that the Gov ernment give the lands to Oregon for a school fund. But what need of a school fund if the land are not settled, and there will be no settlement If the lands are sold to the highest bidder. Men who have money buy Improved lands near trade centers where they can have all the modern convenlencea and comforts of life. B. F. JONES. It-ale Applies AIL PORTLAND. July S. ITo the Edi tor.) I'lease Inform me If one having a meter In. can use water every day. My neighbor opposite from me has a water meter and uses water every day. saying she pays for what she uses Has she this right" MRS. JOHN WILLIAMS. No. Meter users as well as fit rate usera are subject to the alternate date sprinkling regulation. ' l.oale ml Ike Haaall Itoy. Washington (P. C.) Plar. "Don't you know,' Johnny, that If you refuse to strike back there can't be any fight with Tommy Hifktns-" "Tn'm." replied the rrrmll boy. "There wouldn't be any light. Tommy wuuld have It all his own way and I'd get a plain licking. DIVIDIXQ IXCAICUT LION'S KI. Mew Prstsssl That State rr fit Frsra 1-sss Grist Loataa ta Witter. VALE, Or, July 4. (To. the Editor.) Some years aince I made an Investi gation of some SO sections of the land owned by the Oregon sk California Railroad Company, according to the late decision, and am fairly conver sant with the general character of other landa through reports made un der similar conditions. Very much of the land has become quite valuable and the larger portion Is of some value bcyoud the I2-&0 per acre, i'erhapa a safe estimate for the entire S.Suu.uou acres would be some where between : and ti per acre. The pleaaant occupation of divluiui; the skin of an uncaught Hon. which is now going on through the columns of "the oregonlan la Interesting from the vast field covered which has rela tively nothing to do with the subject May we not add a Utile to the num berless propositions, prognostications, pages of advice and schemes tor get tiutf what is our Just rights from Con g rim 7 If permitted we wi:i berln by stating that the grant waa made to the com pany with the easement, or contract, that It should be sold to actual set tlers for 12.6U per acre. The supreme Court has decided that the terms of the grant must be carried out. but leaves It to Congress to see that this la done. We are now confronted with a scheme to Induce Congress to call the -stale of Oregon an actual settler and s-il it sUl lo that settler, notwith standing that the grant says no set tler shall have more thin l( acres. Does the else of a violation of a con tract validate a violation? Rabid conservationists propose that It be turned Into state reserves or lo National reserves. These men pro pose that the terms of the grant Just ratified by the courts shall be vio lated for Ihe allege. 1 common good. Another conservator of public prop erly proposes to sell the timber for all It will bring and sell the other to ac tual settlers for some advance over ItSi) and loan the excess to the settler on his personal property. This tne economist proposes to violate the con tract Just determined as valid aa to the railroad company and dissipate the funda by loaning them to people on security which Is not considered safe by bankers. ln thia way neither the state nor the community would profit. Among all of the proposala put forth in your columns to date not one. with out exception, proposes to carry out. or to Insist that Congress shall carry out. the express provisions of the con tract. Why this determination to violate, a law? The supreme legal authority of our land declared In specific terms that the contract between Congress and the railroad company has a.l the power and characteristics of a law and must be construed as such. In the face of this we see conservationists, poli ticians and alleged statesmen advo cating strongly and with specious rea sonings that the state should Insist with all of Its power that Congress violate its own contract, though not permuting the railroad company lo be. come a further violator. The grant did not give the railroad company the land or i.60 per acre. The grant waa perfected by a second Con gress and made more binding that the land should be sold to actual settlers ln lota of not more than ISO acres at SI. SO per acre. The Supreme Court de termines thla as a law. The ancient court of Venice refused to do a little wrong to save Antonio's life, though it found another way to get the best of Shylock. Perhaps that is what Os wald West has up his sleeve when he advocates the purchase of that which Congress Is inhibited from selling ta to method at least). What Is best for the State of Ore gon? Justice is best for this or any other stale! We note that where the politicians are advocating something It Is always what Is best for the people, all the people, at least all who vote It la Inevitable that they care nothing about the lights of the Individual, for hn Is only one as against many who can be won with words. I am person ally acquainted with several, and have a right to presume there are others, who made an honest application for some of this land, both agricultural and timber, long before the inception of tho suit Just decided. Are they en titled to no consideration? The land having become valuable, or of more value, since their application, has not a thing to do with the subject, from the standpoint of either law or Justice. Let us see what an actual settler Is. under the grant: and under the grant at the time the grant waa made should determine what an actual settler was meant to be. Did not Congress mean that the land was to be used for the benefit of the Individual taking It? Congress well knew that the land was In great measure timber, land. Did they not mean that Individuals should derive actual personal benefit from the grant and did not they purposely make It Just as they did for the bcnet.l of both the company and the Indi vidual? The state Is entitled to have that land under Its control for the purpose of taxation. The state Is not entitled to have that land for the benefit of a number of polltlca 1 office-holders who would dissipate principal, capital and prolils as does the forestry bu reau today and will for all time. The Individual of the slate are entitled to have that land for the sum of tZ.io per acre In lots of 160 acres. That It will drift Into the hands of a limber baron Is no argument. Sir lrawer of Checka will make a fairly good-slxed one for some of the land and his money will be In general cir culation, while his purchase will be subject to the guess of the assessor. If Congress Is afraid that some per centage of the alleged settlers are merely speculators, an examination Into their occupation and location, coupled with their oath that they are taking the land for their own benefit and use, would be sufficient guard against all but a trifle of the frauds. It seems to one of the uninitiated (?) that compliance with the law might look well and to advocate otherwise sets hard on us when coming from some of those who have but until lately demanded that all lawa be obeyed even though they themselves broke a half doi'n in enforcing one. Administration of state and National lands cost far more than any possible return, and benefits the consumer not a particle. We note a sale made the other day where no btd was consid ered for less than 41. 5S per thousand, board measure, which looks as though, to the uninitiated (?) at least, the tim ber baron was well supported In his profits by the National Government. Veara of care on land that might be reforested would be well repaid by growth of limber for future genera tions, but this generation Is being robbed and smashed, looled and be fuddled, taxed, relaxed and then taxed some more, until (as was well said by others) virtue ceases to be a for bearance, John kivjby. i Hrrswsf te Start fire. SALEM. Or.. July 4. (To the Edi tor ) Your advice relative to the pref erence of the uie of "whittling" and waste paper for lighting kitchen fires Is excellent. It Is a much safer way than that of pouring kerosene Into the stove. But as people will use the coal oil they can do so with perfect safety and with excellent result if they will only mix it with ashes ao the latter are thoroughly dampened. The proper method of preparing the "dope" is lo take a common lard can. fill It half full of ashea and with a spoon or other Implement tlr In the coal on until the ashes are quite damp. A tabspoon full of this mixture wi:l light almost any fire If dry wood Is used, and there Is no possible danger of an explosion from It use. D. WEBSTER. Half a Century Ago . . -- - - - - . ....... u wi uiT i -".i Editorial The victory Is gained and the banners of the dtsbsnded armies of the Republic have been reverently lowered and folde.l bus- in il ner the flag, which tor four years has eioou at tne neaa I this column. Is now withdrawn. The miners at and about Canyon City are making It pay again, after the long delaya of ihe Winter and Spring. Money la beooming plentiful and peo ple are getting so they can sm:le. as they used to do when there had been no hard Winter and no frerhets. All around here the miners are getting "ahead of the hounds" at last. The mines here will last for the employ ment of from ltoo to 5000 men tor a long tune yea. some say ten years. Our Fourth of July celebration was the first after reunion and peace. The day la still left to ua and the remem brance of our acquired and vindicated Nationality Is not a mockerv. The love for this great day will again bo established in the hearts cf a.l our countrymen. May heaven grant that before another National anniversary the seeds of i i a 1 1 . f a,-1 ion that yet re main In some portions of our country may be torn up and that th.re may be hereafter throughout all the land no other feeling than that of the pro roundest love for a country whose lib erty la the equal heritage of all. i A party of prospectors headed by a Mr. Foiev left Ihis city some- sit w.-eV ago for the Molalla region In the ('. cades and made Important discoveries. They found placer digging which pv from tlve cents to six bit to the rri. It I found In a specie of decomposed .Miartx. unwished, and has a depth of about IS feet. The fire alarm yesterday was cau-ed by a fire at 1S Second street. No damage waa done. A school meeting waa held last eve ning In the public school building In Ihia city to provide for rrirti''i: a school house In the Third Ward and also to secure a block in Couch's Ad ultlon on which to locate another school building when the necessities of the city may demand It. Pan Francisco The MIMtsr- Com mission In the Salvador ptta. case found the prisoners guilty iird sen tenced them to be hanged. Oeiieral Mc Dowell has commuted the sentence by sentencing Hogg to Imprisonment for life at San Quentln and the remainder for ten years each. SACREOXKSS SKK IX PATH Kit HOOD Weraea A vera to. Marriage Have Cfseelal t la Is te Syaapathy. CHEHAL1S. Wash.. Ju'y S. (To the" Editor.) A recent volunteer contribu tor to The Oregonlan complains of the unhappy estate of unmarried women who long for children more than for anything else ln the world, and who. because of mistrust of men. or aver sion for the married state, refuse mar riage. She lamenta laws and opinions which forbid such women to become mot hers. Without challenging the morality of the contributors position, or dwelling on the economic facts which make such a consummation generally Impos sible, even If Individually desirable, it may be pointed cut that the expression of euch a wish by any woman would seem to betray the superlative of selfishness. Isn't the man lo be con sidered? leather and mother are eiiai;v tho parents of their children: the father no lei- than the mother is concerned with their support, training, education and lloomtng. Most always he share equally In the re.-notinhliity. sacrifice and effort thst the rearlr.g of chil dren entails. The pride and sattsfsc tlon of parenthood are ro less charac teristic of fathers than of mothers. The protective Instinct of man toward his cherished owr la the com pelling motive of individual success. Could any woman honor as the fathers of her children Ihe men who would consent to the arrangement suggested? What! Menpy marriages are usual, by a va-t majority, only they io pot intrude Into the newspapers and m 'guinea so often as the other Kind Kiriv normal man longs for a wife, home and chil dren, for the little hopes and plana and realisation., for t-.e tender love and companionship that on'y home and f..m:iy bring. IVin 1 fe hold anything swe. ter for either man or woman? The contributor would leave man out of the scheme reduce him lo a n-.ere biological ln-ldert. Surr'y. thia Is feminism run to seed! J. N. I'egallty o f A ppolnf meat ) N e I loaei. "MtTLANr. July 4 To the Edi tor I May the public know s' nut tie unfairness done bv Commissioner raly In regard to eligible men on the civil service list. There are quallfle,! auto mechanic- on the list who have live-l In Portland 30 year. C. 1. Ilall'in has not been in Portland five months. His a;-po!nt-ment as Jitney Insrcctor for ore day would be a violation of the provisions of the city charter in that rer-nert. Let men on the eligible list and eitirens of Portland look at section 1?I In the charter. STANLEY PHILLIPS'. Mr. Gallup came to Portland In 118 nl remained for two yers. In I'll ho went to Seattle and remained there ur.til four months ago. when he re turned to Portland. He is a brother of P. O. Oallup. secretary of Multnomah Typographical Cnlnn. Mr. Daly Is within his rights In the appointment. Inasmuch as the appointment Is not under civil service, but la only tem porary pending the holding of an ex amination to secure a civil service eligible list. When the examination Is held a one year's residence Immediately preceding the date of the examination will be one of the qualifications. It raw Helmets for Pel lee.. rORTUXD. July 4. (To the Edi tor.) Although a stranger but a great traveler. I have always read your edi torials with much Interest. Today I saw something which certainly commends your attention, referring to cross ing men. Why are not those men and your mounted policemen fitted with straw helmets and given a chance to live a little happier th.in thev are do ing today? JNO. V. r. LINDEN. Leaaatta 1st A p propria liens. Judge. "Tou have had seven approprlationa for that river." complained the chair man of the committee. "What doea It drain, anyhow?" "The treasury." an swered Congressman Graball. The Week Enderg This Is the play time of the auto moblllsl and the week enders. Little runs out of town keep the bode refreshed for the day by day work. This transitory season la one ta which many sma.l needs reveal themselves. These must bo supplied quickly and surely. Newspaper advertising Is a pleas ant guide under such circum stances Sometimes the newspaper adver tisement and the te'epbone will solve your whole problem.