THE MORNING OREGOXrAN. TITLTRSDAT. MAT 20, 1915.
HONOR FIRST, THEN
PEACE, ADVOCATED
Princeton President Urges
Preparedness "Against,"
but Not "For" Hostilities.
SPEECH STIRS CONFERENCE
American Situation Is Intimated
(o Be Not Impossible of Catas
trophe .lolui Barrett Outlines
Pan-America's Fart.
MOHON'K UKK, N. Y.. May 19. Dr.
John drier Hibhen, president of Prince
ton University, stirred the Lake" Mo
honk PoacR Conference on Interna
tional Arbitration today by taktnfc is
sue with pacificists who favor disarm
ament and by advocating "a wise pre
paredness of our military forces in the
United States."
"I do not advocate preparedness for
war." he said, "but a preparedness
nsainst war h preparedness which in
the event of the catastrophe of war
itself will prevent the enormous initial
sacrifice of human lives which has
characterized every war in which the
United States has been encaged.
"No one can be so blind rc carding
the significance of present conditions
as to take the position that a crave
National emergency is not at least a
possibility."
Honor I'ut .bovf Peace.
Without naming any of the belliger
ents Dr. Hibben asserted that the fal
lacy tending to obstruct the progress
of pence whs that "this present terrible
war has developed certain practices
and usaces which will revolutionize
the accepted restrictions of internation
al law so that hereafter all immemo
rial obligations of nation to nation in
a. state of war will be swept away.
"In the high tension of international
hate -and international suspicion the
most insignificant accident may chance
to precipitate for us a National catas
trophe. And in the great emergency,
if it should come, what shall we say?
Peace? Peace at any price? Ky all
means let us pay any price which ean
buy peacerestraint of passion, long
sufferance, sacrifice of material wealth
or of every personal convenience and
comfort. I-et us sacrifice it all, every
thing which can buy peace. Hut let us
not forget that there are some things
which cannot buy peace. If we sacri
fice them in order to secure peace, the
peace thus sought becomes for us the
veriest torment of a living hell. We
dare not trade honor for peace."
IVever Kqualcd.
Never in the 21 years of its existence
had the Lake Mohonk Conference
heard such a call to arms. The Prince
ton president's appeal aroused intense
interest and discussion among more
than 200 delegates here from all parts
of the country. ,
The conference was opened by Daniel
-Smiley, who, as usual, was host to ail
the members of the conference and
their wives. The president's address
was delivered by John Basset t Moore,
professor of international law and di
plomacy at Columbia University and
ex. -counselor of the State Department.
Other speakers at the. opening ses
sion were Theodore Marburg, of Balti
more, ex-Minister to Belgium, and
John Barrett, director-general of the
Pan-American Union,
"The war has done more than" any
other political influence, since the dec
laration of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823,
to promote Pan-American solidarity
and emphasize the importance of the
common interests of the Western lie
public." said Mr. Barrett.
I'nn-American May Aid 1'race.
"In this growth of Pan-A niericanisn
mere looms nign tne possibilities of a
united America, using its influence for
peace in L-urope. The nations of the
oh! world cannot fail to he impresses
with the fact that all of the republics
or tne new world are at peace with
one another and are doing evcryhing in
ineir power to preserve that condition.
" "cn one group oe men is engaged in
a bitter quarrel in contrast to another
group which is characterized by most
peaceful and friendly relations. It is
almost inevitable that the former shall
appeal to the latter for the settlement
of a serious dispute. Tt is. therefore,
altogether possible and feasible that
not alone the United States, but the
i mted f-tates having the co-operation
of the other -'0 American republics, or
a group of them, shall be able yet to
reeuond favorably to an appeal that
rnisrht he made from the old world to
ai'Kitrato or settle its differences.
'uch a situation is far from beins
ho remote as many persons might think
hecauso t.urope of late years has been
recognizing, as never before, the im
portanco f the Latin-American gov
crnnients in international affairs, and
might feel a surer confidence of abso
lute impartiality of treatment if the
great statesmen of the leading Latin
-nicrican governments were to join
wiin inose or the I nlted States fiov
eminent in responding to an Kuropean
or old-world appeal for adjustment ot
its difficulties, or in placing themselves
In a receptive mood to hold the 'olive
branch.' '
The individual defendants named in
the indictments, which charge that
obscene matter was sent through the
mall, are Wilbur F Phelps, Bruce M.
Phelps. Theodore C. Walker and Mar
vin Brown.
Attorneys for the defense today
asked delay In the trial, set for tho
June term of court in Joplin, Mo., on
the grounds that it was necessary for
them to go to Rome to obtain deposi
tions of the Pope, his secretary and
the keeper of tne Vatican records. By
them, the attorneys asserted, they
would attempt to prove "that Roman
Catholic priests were required to take
an oath traitorous to the United
States Government and requiring them
to teach against the doctrine of
American liberty."
In his ruling Judge Van Valken
burgh held that "the Roman Catholic
Church is not on trial in this case"
and that "the question is whether the
defendants have violated the penal
code.
"Were they able to secure testimony
on the points they have raised," he
said, "it would not be admissible as
evidence."
BARNES PLOT CHARGED
ATTORNEY SEES PURPOSE TO
DESTROY INFLUENCE.
Jurors I need to Have No Part in Pli
to Break Down Defendant Ver
dict Today la Possible. '
SYRACUSE. X. y.. May 19. John M.
Bowers, ' chief counsel for Theodore
Roosevelt in the trial, of William
Barnes suit for libel, spent three hours
today in summing up the case of the
defense. Near his conclusion he as
serted lhat the action brought by the
ex-chairman of the Republican state
committee was "a proposed act of the
machine to destroy Colonel Roosevelt's
usefulness."
William M. Ivins, chief counsel for
Mr. Barnes, who will argue tomorrow,
said he might conclude within an hour.
Supreme Justice Andrews, presiding,
will then deliver his charge to the Jury.
That completed, the jury will retire
and begin deliberations. A verdict may
be returned late tomorrow.
In his address, Mr. Bowers urged
that the jury consider "the evasions,
and, in a sense, the denials" of Mr.
Barnes. lie urged a comparison be
tween the two principals. Mr. Bowers
questioned the truth of many of the
sta.terma.its made by Mr. Barnes and
presented arguments designed to con
vince the jury that" his client was justi
fied in saying the things he did about
Mr. Barnes.
In concluding hie address Mr. Bow
ers described Colonel Roosevelt as
closely following President Wilson as
"guide of the Nation."
Then he referred to his client and
his ease in this manner:
"Ex-President, ex-Governor, the peo
ple's true representative. Jurors, wii;
you let him be broken down and de
stroyed? tand for him; stand for the
people. Give no vote to accomplish the
purpose sought by this action. Meet
the responsibility that rests upon you
with a clear conscience, and Theodore
Roosevelt will rmain a power for
good."
COMPLETE DEFEAT
OF VILLA FIRST AIM
General Carranza Announces
Part of Constitutionalists'
Military Programme.
FEAR FOR SELF DENIED
PARCEL POST IS SCORED
COUNTRY MERCHANTS WILL BE
RUINED, SAY WHOLESALERS.
Mexico City Not Held Because Large
Garrison Would lie Required
and It Is Also Declared Val
ueless as War Base.
GALVESTON", Tex., May 19. A reli
able statement of some of General Car
ranza's military plans, coming from
Carranza himself, was given out here
today by an American who has just
returned from Vera Cruz. Reports are
frequent in Vera Cruz that Carranza
intends soon to remove his capital to
Puebla, then to retake Mexico City and
there permanently establish the con
stitutional government.
General Carranza frankly says he haa
no immediate intention of returning to
Mexico City, notwithstanding the moral
effect the return might have among
other nations. Carranza's reasons for
this, he says, are:
That the people of Mexico City are
antagonistic to him; that the city
would require a large garrison, which
necessarily Vvould take thousands of
his soldiers from active field work;
that Mexico City has no military ad
vantage; that at Vera Cruz supplies
are available from foreign countries
and communication with the outside
cannot be interrupted.
This q-uestion recently was put to
Carranza:
The conclusion is drawn in some
quarters in the United States that your
being in vera Cruz is an admission
that you are not strong enough to hold
the capital: that you sought a port as
a means of personal safety in case, of
defeat, is that true?'
"I am not conducting my campaign
according to the views of foreigners,"
replied Ueneral Carranza. "The hold-
ng of Mexico City is an empty honor.
It has no value from a military stand
point. We could take It with little ef
fort if we wanted it. This is shown
by the fact that our army under Gen
eral Obregon is fighting northward of
he capital after havlnc cone around It
When General Villa is crushed in the
north Mexico City will fall into our
hands without our fighting for it."
General Carranza rarely appears in
public. Fortified in a lighthouse 3(1(1
fet from the bay and within sight of
the American cruiser and gunboat usu
ally lying off the harbor, the first con
stitutional chief remains secluded with
cabinet members.
Increase of Pontage Rates and Limit of
40 Pouada on Packages Are Sni
iceated m . Remedies.
SAX FRANCISCO, May 19. The par
cel post was condemned today as the
threatening destroyer of rural com
munities and the small business men
by officers of the National Wholesale
Grocers' Association, at the opening
session of the ninth annual conven
tion. Increased postal rates and lim
ited weight were offered as remedies.
President Oscar B. McGlasson. of
Chicago, and F"ifth Vice-President O. J.
Moore, of Sioux City, la., discussed the
subject.
"It is the dream of the Government
to bring the prpducer and the consumer
together," Mr. McGlasson said of the
parcel post. "It will be the ruination
of the country merchant. All small
commercial interests are threatened
by its perniciousness. It is an enor
mous octopus slowly but surely drain
ing the life of the little business man.
It is' threatening the small towns by
centralization of business in big cities.
As remedies for some of the evils
charged to the parcel post, Mr. Moore
suggested an Increase of 20 per cent
in postal rates and a 40-pound limit
on parcel post packages. He said
"graft tainted the postal service for
years in second-class, and now it is
creeping into the parcel post. The
present regulations of the parcel post
are a great menace which will sound
the doom of the rural communities If
not curbed immediately. In five
years it will have destroyed individual
businesses.
CHINA CAPABLE OF POWER
Senator Stone Tells Pekin Coiiimis-i-ion
or Nation's Strength.
ST. LOUIS. May 19. "Why should
China stand in need or help?" declared
United States Senator Stone here to
night in an address to a banquet in
honor of a party of Chinese trade com
missioners, who are touring the coun
try. "China needs only to become fully
conscious of her stupendous strength
and power to enable her to shake off
every grip of unjust restraint, to di
vest herself of every encumbering en
tanglement and to assert and uphold
her independence with her own hands,"
he continued.
Before referring to China's latent
strength, Senator Stone said:
"The American people would aid and
encourage the people of China In every
way possible to build their new gov
ernment on a sound foundation." He
continued:
"Aside from its purely business
aspect. T can see a means through
commerce whereby Republican Amer
ica might add impetus and strength
to those who struggle for freedom and
popular government in China."
EDITORS FACE EARLY TRIAL
Court. Kcfiiscs to Continue Case for
Orpositiou l'roni Pope.
KANSAS CITY. May IP. A motion
to continue the trial of the Govern
ment's ease against the publishers of
tho Menace, an anti-Catholic weekly
newspaper published In Aurora. Mo,
was overruled by Judge Van Valken
burgh in tho Federal Court here today.
MORGAN HAS NO MONOPOLY
Financial Contract With Great Brit
ain Is Xot Exclusive One.
LONDON. May 19. It was revealed
in the .House of Commons todav bv
Harold Baker, financial secretary of
the War Office, that the existing con
tract between the British government
andthe firm of J. P. Morgan & Co.. of
New York, docs not debar the giving
or pusineas to otner ilrms in the Unit
ed States should circumstances make
such a course advisable.
Mr. Baker made this announcement
in answer to a question asked by Sir
Richard A. Cooper, Unionist, who
wanted to know if firms in America
which declined to negotiate with or
through the Morgans were still able
to supply Great Britain with munitions
of - war.
BRITISH PERMIT EXTENDED
Americans May Tteccivc German
Goods via Neutrals Until June 15
WASHINGTON, May 19. The British
government today gave notice to the
State Department that it had extended
to June 15 tho time within which Gor
man goods may be shipped to America
from neutral ports, provided tliey were
bought before March 1 last. The for
mer limit was June 1.
Soon after the issue of the- order-in-council
the British government under
took to allow tho export of German
and Austrian goods which had been
bought by Americans through ncutra
ports on the issue of a special permit
in each case.
Hodmen Offer (CO, 000 for War.
MAT TOON. Til.. May 19. Indorsemen
of President Wilson's note to Germany
and an offer of 20.000 men for the
United States Army in the event of
war with Germany were voted today
by the great council of the Illinois Im
proved Order of Redmen. The council
and delegates manifested enthusiasm.
hla
VALOR EXCEEDS ALL WARS
iContinued From First Page.
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Prof. Padeken and Miss Aweau
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Big Sale of Ukuleles Now On.
Graves Music Co.
151 Fourth Street.
Buy a Ukulele for your vacation
trip.
Men may be as big cowards as wom
en, but tb.oy .ha.te to admit it-
ever even approached battle in these
little wars. Otherwise. France has
been peaceful and committed to the
cult of peace. Her prejudiced enemy to
the rvorth, who caricatures the French
soldier with lace edgings on his uni
form, has made this a count in his in
dictment of "degeneracy" the French
have grown "degenerate through
peace.
Desperate Deeds Are Common.
The war broke, and the French. In
fighting quality, have proved about as
degenerate as Bombardier Wells or
jess w niard.
Americans, Irishmen and students ot
military affairs remember -with a thrill
the charge of Meagher's Irish Briirade
at the foot of Mayre's Heights in the
battle of Fredericksburg. They were
inninuated; nearly ever-.- man of them
was dead or wounded wnen the guns
stopped, put not a man ran awarv. Xow
wnai lr tne comrades of the Irish Bri
gade, having seen this work, had fol
lowea- witn another charge, equally
desperate and equally fatal, and still
anotner charge, until the last desne:
--- "x. n tainca inem over tne
reaouts ana among the guns? Now
such a feat as this the French have per-
lormea again ana again. These deeds
are not recorded in journalism, as were
the deeds of Meagher's men at Fred
ericksburg. They lie hidden under
Dnei summaries in official reports:
We gained a height near this-villasre
or-that yesterday" "We gained yes-
teraay in tne Argonne.
Brit Ink Win Xevr Laurels.
Britain has virtually known peace in
all this generation. The South Afri
can war called out, in all, about a quar
ter or a minion men. But the real fight
ing was done, mainly bv the profes
slonal army, which is a class a little
apart rrom the currents of British na
tional lite. It affected the fibre of the
people but little. I take it that war, in
order to "regenerate" a neonle. to
harden" them, to create the "manlv
virtues," must affect the whole peo
ple, or a majority of them. If they
are not actually fighting, they must
know the reduction of standards of
living or want or grief or fear of the
invader, nobly resisted. By such stand
ards Britain has known no war since
she finished with Napoleon.
let nearly every Briton on that
Flemish line deserves at least "mention
in dispatches" If we go by the stand
ards of old wars. The Charge of the
S'x Hundred, the stand of the Guards
at Waterloo they arc dimmed by the
deeds of the British in early stages of
this war. The honors of war go now
only to men who have done superhu
man things, or to men whose bravery
has had exceptional results as when
Lieutenant Dimmer, wounded. kept
to his machine gun and saved a bri
gade. The old professional army has no
monopoly on such deeds.
Hw Recruit Save England.
The naval brigade went into Ant
werp in late September unseasoned
men. Most of them had, up to August,
sat at city desks. They held against
all the improved and cruel devices ot
modern warfare and against . over
whelming odds until their superiors
ordered the hopeless position aban
doned. In the first battle of Ypres the
units were filled out by men recruited
in August. Few of them had ever
faced bullets until the day they went
to the line to face a million bullets.
Not a man of them "funked" or ran
if they had behaved as raw troops are
supposed to behave the British might
now be preparing to resist invasion.
In August they were all men of peace,
with three generations of peace behind
them. In October they saved Kngland
oy sucn a trial as isrnisn valor never
knew before.
We may dismiss the Germans. Since
18 1 0 they have known less of war than
any other of the Continental nations.
But they have kept ever in mind the
thought of war. have cultivated the re
ligion of valor, have encouraged the
little children to play war games in
the streets. This state of mind makes
them quite exceptional to all rules:
they will not do for an exemplar to
prove the case. But, of course, they
i nave been as .brave as me rest if any
thing, braver. The German is cruel in
war. Try as one may to make allow-1
ances and to dismiss imperfect and J
prejudiced judgment, he is forced to
that conclusion. i
l.ernui Valor Wonderful.
But he is also wonderfully valiant.
Where has history a parallel for those
repeated massed charges, four, six and
eight ranks deep, wherein the first
rank was sent up to die to the last
mam? At the first battle of Ypres the
Prussian Guard came on In such for
mation: it was piled up eight ranks
deep in the forest; hut it did not run.
The British tell me that the first-rank
men came or with their left elbows
over their eyes. They knew they were
dead men; and. knowing it, they fell
back on that instinct by which a man
guards his face. But they came on.
nevertheless, without slackening their
pace; and they all died.
Finally, there are the Canadians.
Since the affair which the United
States calls the War of 1812 Canada
has known no war. save, minor en
gagements with red Indians and the
war against nature. The rest has been
peace and nation building and pros
perity. Now, the Canadian contingent
was scarcely upon the line before they
behaved heroically at Hill 60. A. fort
night later, and while they still ranked
as "raw troops," the fortunes of war
brought them a supreme test of valor.
The poisonous cloud of noxious gas
had driven the French to their left.
Their line was "dangling in the air."
They were bombarded ini front, they
were enfiladed, they were bombarded
from the rear, they were shrouded
in poisonous fumes. They held on,
they even advanced: they did the Im
possible by rescuing their guns. They
stuck until ordered back to join up the
new line.
With them, as with the others, no
militany decorations can possibly re
ward all . the deeds of valor. There
is the boy I saw going under the
X-ray. His hands were in bags; they
had been shot through. His leg was
in a splint; the bone was shattered.
He was going to be "X-rayed," how
ever, that the surgeons might find
exactly what had happened to a splin
tered skull. He managed to tell the
attendants that he had received his
"crack on the head" last of all, and
that machine gun tire at close range
did it. What a story underlies that
statement! Shot in one hand he kept
on. Shot in the other he kept on.
His leg shattered he kept, -on, until
be fell unconscious from the "crack on
the head"!
Then there were the five men in a
certain Canadian company and the
unrecorded rest of that company. They
had charged, they had won. they
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This week I offer all my new models in fancy
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Tweeds, navy serges, gabardines, shepherd's
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iiitj!
started to secure their position. Along
came a surprisingly heavy counter
attack. But- they held and held and
held, until, when the recall sounded,
only five men leaped up and ran back
to the retired trenches and two of
them were wounded. Was Balaklava
finer than this? Yet it is lost among
the mighty deeds of this war.
After this war let no worshipper of
bleeding gods put in his sermons of
valor the statement that peace breeds
degeneracy. It is not peace which does
this; it is too much war.
DACIA LOSS REIMBURSED
I.aiv Opening Credit for Payment for
Cargo Promulgated in Paris.
PARIS. May 19. A law was promul
gated today, according to the Temps,
opening a credit for the payment of
the cargo of the steamship I'acla,
formerly of the Hamburg-American
line, but later under American registry,
which was seized by a French war
ship on February 27.
"The law proposes." says the Temps,
"that the value of the cargo be reim
bursed to the American owners, who
demand 3.820.756 francs ($764,151).
Whether this amount or a lesser sum
will be paid will be determined by a
committee of assessors, who will use
the cotton market- at Rotterdam as a
basis of calculation. It was to this
port that the vessel was bound.
The cargo will then be the property
of the French government, which will
be able either to dispose of it at the
most advantageous price or keep It for
tho needs of France."
CONSCRIPT TALK RENEWED
Britain Alive to Serious Situation,
Says War Department Official.
LONDON". May 19. Replying to a
demand from several members that
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"There's a Reason"
think it over!
compulsory military service should be
adopted. Harold J. Tennant, under
secretary of state for war, said in
the House of Commons tonight lhat
the British government was fully alive
to the necessity of mobilizing all re
sources for the successful conduct of
tho war.
There were some persons, he added,
who did not realize the gravity of the
situation, but the House should weigh
well all considerations before it made
any attempt to embark on a system
of compulsory service. It would be
only with reluctance that the govern
ment would embark upon such a
policy.
The government, however, Mr. Ten
nant said in conclusion, realized that
such a step might become necessary.
He appealed to the House not to press
him to eay more than that.
Moscow Sunday School Session t;iiils
MOSCOW, Idaho. May 13. fSpecial.)
The Inland Empire Sunday School
convention closed here Sunday, after
having the largest attendance of any
Sunday school convention ever held in
the Inland Empire. Eighteen counties
of Idaho and Eastern Washington had
-100 registered delegates and several
hundred visitors. Dean J. V,. Eldrldgc.
of the University of Idaho, was elected
president for the ensuing year, and
I'rank .Morris, of I.-wi5ton: .lohn M.
Emerson, of I'ullman: l)r. 11. A. Ixive
lace and Senator II. 1 1. I'hipps and Ir.
W. II. Iiavis, of Spokane, were elerrci
directors.
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