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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 17, 1915)
THE -MORNING OREGOXIAJT, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1915. POBTLAND. OREGON. Intend at Portland. Oregon, poatofflc a second-claaa matter. Bnbacrlption Rate lnvartably In advance. (Br Mall) Dally. Sunday Included, one year llly. Sunday Included. six months Jjolly. Sunday Included, three montha lsil. Sunday Included, one month -'f rally. without Sunday, one year J-J 1'ally. without Sunday, six montha ! .? Ually. without Sunday, three month ... Daily, without Sunday, one month Weekly, one year '$n (Sunday, one year '-0 feuoday and Weekly, one year (By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year 9- Daily. Sunday Included, one month - - How to Kemlt Send Poatofflc money or r. express order or personal check on your Joval bink. Stamp, coin or currency are at ander". rtsk. Give postoftlce addreaa In iuu. Including county and stale. - Postage Kate- 12 to 16 pages. 1 com. o 32 pagca. 2 centa; 34 to 4 pages. centa. 60 to 00 pages. 4 centa; 3 to 4 B pages, o 11 LB , ,a lO 1' - pages, v Ltu "... -.., - age. double rate. Eastern BualnrM Office Veree Co lin. New York. Brunswick building; Chicago, felenger building. Sao r'ranri co Office R. J. BldweU Com Jtany, 742 Market street. . rORTUXD, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 17, 13. STARVATION AS A WEAPON. Britain's action In following up the German government's seizure of the J empire's food supply by declaring foodstuffs absolute contraband and ; Germany's threat to retaliate by de ; stroying merchant ships destined to- I British ports are accepted as evincing i a. plain purpose by each to reduce the other to submission by starvation. This is a resort to an old method of j warfare, which was pursued not only in barbarous times, but so recently as i'the Civil War. Napoleon sought bl ithe Berlin decree forbidding com l roerce with Britain to cripple his re- lentless enemy, but through control of j the sea Britain profited as much as did France, although food rose to al ; most famine prices in England in 1810-11. During the Civil War the ; blockade of Southern ports and Sher 5 man's seizure or destruction of crops I on his march to the sea were designed to starve out the Confederacy. Germany makes a much nearer ap proach than Britain to producing her ' own food supply, for the latter coun- try provides only about one-fourth of 'I its needs from its own soil. It has been e estimated that, owing to the short crop of cereals in Germany and Hun igary in 1914 and to the stoppage of Imports from America and Russia, the 5 empire's supply or this class of food i would be exhausted by May, while the i new crop will not be harvested until August. The restrictions on food V consumption, the regulations requlr f ing that bread be made of a mixture of wheat, rye and potato flour and finally the government confiscation of j food and the law as to public distri i. bution have appeared to confirm the ? belief that actual famine was in sight i unless supplies were most carefully ? husbanded. These measures are, however, re 5 garded by Gregory Mason in the Out- look as simply "a piece of the con '; summate foresight all along charac- teristio of a people whose ruling gods -are the gods of preparedness and ef : ficiency." He reminds us that "wheat " bread is not the national bread of 'Germany"; that "the German finds Vrve bread more appetizing" and that the potato, of which Germany raises more than any other country in the ? world, makes up the shortage of these 5 cereals. In 1914 Germany had a V bumper crop of potatoes 80,000.000 Jtons and the use of the potato to j'make alcohol may be curtailed except I for automobile fuel in place of gaso line. Germany has produced twice as ' much beet sugar as she needs, and, her exports being stopped, can sow ''the surplus land with grain. One ? third of the population is agricultural, '' and the women and boys can take the Vplace3 of men on the farm. Intensive ' agriculture has reached its highest 'development in Germany, and during f'the present emergency every patch of ; soil will be brought into use. Ger- many has plenty of flesh food, has exported beef in recent years and will not run short unless the allies invade j her territory, seize the supplies and vi lay waste the country. She will have to dispense with some luxuries which 5 have come to be regarded as neces i saries, but Mr. Mason's judgment is probably sound when he says that, Sunless calamity befalls the crops or I her territory is invaded, "it is diffi cult to see how she can ever be i" brought to terms by lack of food." j With Great Britain it Is far differ ent. Producing only one-fourth of " her food supply, she relies on her navy to escape starvation. She im . ports not only 106,000,000 hundred t weight of wheat a year, but a very large proportion of her meat and b other food products. The war has cut .Koff the supply of wheat which came t'from Russia through the Baltic and -,, Black Seas, and the Archangel route alone is open. Were all the public 'and noblemen's parks and game pre serves applied to production of grain land meat, the British Isles could not ; produce nearly enough food for their M. own population. Since Napoleon with Shis embargo on commerce brought ' the British nation to such straits in T,1S10. when it controlled the sea and -'could draw on all countries except Europe, and had only 15,000.000 peo t pie, to how much severer straits would ..it be brought in 1915 if it lost control i. of the sea and were thrown entirely Jon ita own resources with 45,000,000 'people to feed? A British blockade of Germany probably cannot reduce that coun try to starvation, but can reduce it to poverty by cutting off its sup ply of raw materials and its markets and by destroying its , commerce. This, in a large measure, has already teen done. The blockade ; can strike at German military effi ciency a more deadly blow, for it cuts off the supply of copper, rubber and . petroleum from over-sea and the Rus sian occupation of Galicia deprives Germany of petroleum from that Aus trian province. Germany has been . arrowing more dependent on manu factures and commerce from year to .' year, the percentage of the population engaged in those occupations having, frrown from 45 in 1882 to 56 in 1907. Her commerce is dead, for her ships have been driven from the ocean, and ', the British patrol of the sea is so " efficient that scarcely any contra ' band can reach her in neutral ships. Germany's determination to attack British commerce seems, therefore, to i e prompted not so much by the ne cessity of securing food imports for herself as by the desire to prevent their reaching her enemy. Germany perhaps looks ahead to the time when "Hungary, the great granary of Cen ;'tral Europe, may be overrun by the Rnsslans, and when Germany may be called upon to feed not only her own peoplsv hut ttoaej fit her ally. By re lentlessly using the latest means of warfare both under the sea and in the nir RermaTiv ma v hoDs to sink many irarennrta rarrvinr tTOODS and SUp- plies to France, to inflict the same paralysis on British industry as nia cin hoa infiMsfi nn hers and to make John Bull feel the same pinch which she feels. Germany may nope 10 uo stroy so many of Britain's warships that the two navies will be about equally matched in battle. If by means of submarines sne can f battleships worthless for defense, she cannot win naval supremacy herself, but she may prove the naval suprem .. nf oni- nntlan imDossible. as its great ships would be at the mercy of the much smaller, cneaper aim umu submarine. , T 4- InnnoivaMo that th 6 BritlS!! Admiralty has not profited by the. experience of the last six monms iu devise some effective means of ward ing off submarine attacks and of tak ing the offensive against under-water craft. Britain so far has proved her self a match for Germany in the air by her successful raids into iseigium and German-. It may be that behind which has shielded her movements she has prepared a surprise equal to that wnicn wrauj has given by her big guns and her ocean-going submarines. NOW AND THEN. The present Legislature, with only a few days more until adjournment, is committed to a policy of economy and administrative reform. The out look for redemption of pledges for lower direct appropriations is good; but the plan, or the several plans, for consolidation of boards, or depart ments, is in danger. It cannot be possible that the Legis lature has fallen victim to the blan dishments of the Statehouse machine. The associated job-holders and fat- fryers, who are for the most part holdovers from the recent adminis tration, are interested chiefly in them selves. The Legislature ought not to listen to them, but to the oppressed and discouraged taxpayers. When the Legislature adjourns. lenvine on the pay-roll all the beneficiaries of strong political pull and all the survivors or a hybrid political reign, a great chuckle will go up from the triumph ant Statehouse ring. It will find a noisy echo in the bogus "non-partisan" press, which stands in now to maintain the patronage status quo, and which will later be the loudest and harshest critic of the Legislature for its failure to keep faith with the people. GOES TOO FAB. The Prohibition State Committee and the Oregon State Federation of Labor have collaborated to produce a now u -m pn? m on t to the state constitu tion which it is designed shall com bine the incongruous principles 01 proportional representation and local tnw rfiatrioti renresentation in the Legislature. The Oregonian will take the risk of incurring tne renew eu wrath of certain sectional critics, who recently said it was nurturing a dia bolical design to redistrict the state, for the benefit of Portland's influence in tho TeHslature. bv reaffirming its oft-expressed opinion that there ought to be a legislative reapportionment, based on the plan of local representa tion jsufh as is now suggested; but it cannot subscribe to this particular theory of proportional representation. The joint constitutional enterprise r th lahnr nnd orohibition organiza tions declares for local representation in the Legislature, Dut cuis me ground out from under that com mendable proposal by giving the voter in one part of the state the right to determine who shall go to the Legis lotiiro from anv other part. In other words, Portland electors may vote for the Klamath County Representative, or vice versa. It might easily happen th;r h. lares majority of itiamatn County would favor one candidate, but another would be elected tnrougn outside votes. Indeed, tne design 01 th omtiHtint Is to achieve such a result. It will be possible, moreover, by a combination of proniDltion, or Socialist, or other votes of any partic ular politlcal-tJup or party, to elect as Legislat'ou'Jja non-resident of a district. TV wnndpr if the Droponents or this measure have considered the re sults, if the state is to be divided into sixty Representative districts on the ko r rontiintlon ? Is it the inten- uaoio wa f r tion to give Multnomah one-third the entire membership of the House.' THE OPPOKTtTNlTY OF THE COUNTRY MERCHAJVl. in th letter referrine to the rela- tinna hpt-wppn farmers and country merchants which Is printed today, one point is stated a little too positive ly. The Oregonian did not adopt the opinion that those merchants are controlled by large central comDina- tions." It merely mentioned a com mon heilef of that import Of course the belief may be groundless, but many facts could be adduced to sup it If anvbodv thought it worth while to do bo. What our contributor has to say about the slack methods of mapy farmers in preparing tneir r,..i fnr market is sadly true. Their butter Is often rancid or worse. their eggs unsightly and occasionally addled, and their bacon unsKiiuuiiy cured and wrapped. The farmers mnimit thpsa faults for two reasons. The first is that they have never been taught better. The second, that they do not understand the advantages 01 expert preparation for market. These Indispensable lessons can be learned bv farmers if proper pains are taken to instruct them. vrpi-a the local merchant can be hinfui He can encouraere associa tion ' meetings for the diffusion of vnntriadn about practical affairs. He can promote farmers' institutes and lend his aid to oring 10 uie com munity expert lecturers rrom tne ag ricultural college. Through these agencies the habits of the farmers have been transformed in many neigh borhoods. From thriftless and waste ful pessimists they have become com petent men of business and naturally the local mercnants nave greany profited by the happx change. It is nothing short of a calamity that the arts of butter-making, curing bacon and the like should have been per mitted to decay in rural communities. Both the farmers and the country merchants suffer rrom tne neeaiess tvanafev nf these rrafts to the cities. All that is required to restore them where they properly belong is con centration of rural effort and capi tal, in order to accompiisn inis ieau-ei-ehln la indlsnensabla and ' where shall we look for . leadership but to the country mercnantsr it tney win take the initiative to traiia up co-oper- ative industries for their neighbor hoods we shall soon hear the last of recrimination between the farmer and the storekeeper. They will again be come the fast friends they were in the good old times instead of mutually suspicious foes. We differ decidedly from our contributor's judgment that farmers "cannot have meat-packing establishments or creameries." They can have both and actually do have them in Denmark, New Zealand and In many parts of the United Staes. la Wisconsin, for instance, the farmers' creameries control the dairy situation almost entirely. But we need not go even to Wisconsin for an example. Tillamook County furnishes a perfect one nearer home. The farmers' co operative creameries and cheese fac tories have solved the market prob lem for the dairymen of that section. Our contributor makes a great point of the necessity for the farmer to "learn to prepare his produce." He hits the nail on the head every time he mentions it, but he fails to appre ciate the part the country merchant must take in educating tne tarmer. Partly tiiarlv does he fail to appreciate tha nart. the country merchant must take in founding co-operative marKef ing establishments. upon co-opera tinn the welfare of the country mer chant and the farmer absolutely de pend. There is no other way out fhol.. mutual rtifffrnltlea. The day individualism has not passed more nttn-iv in thfi crrpat romorate indus tries of the country than it has on the farm nnri in the rountrv store. ne farmers and merchants who under stand the slarns of the times have w von nrnjmpritv alreadv. The others wi ill win it when they open their eyes t the handwriting on the wall. CONSOliDATION AGAIN. Mr. Chapman has resigned as pub licity manager of the Commercial Club, after five years of valuable and ener getlc service. It is due him to say that he attained a high mark of achievement for the club, and for Portland and Oregon, and that his place will not be easy to fill. Perhaps, indeed, the club will not undertake to find another Chapman It may be just as well, for the club is on the eve of reorganization, and it ought not to be embarrassed or hin dered by consideration ot the claims or merits of individual seekers for his place until its plans for the future are fully matured. Not- much has been heard lately about the proposal for consolidation of the Commercial Club and the Chamber of Commerce; but The Ore gonian assumes that the project has not been dropped. It should not oe. It must not be, if the largest interest of Portland is to be considered and the sentiment of the community is to be consulted. The requirement of the times is for one great central organization, which shall have control of . all unofficial public activities. It should be the avenue through which all Portland should find voice in important mat ters, and it should be the one cus todian for the collection and expendi ture of funds subscribed for public enterprises of every sort. The Oregonian feels justified in saying that consolidation of the Cham ber of Commerce and the Commercial Club, with an added plan of close co operation with lesser bodies, is a real public demand. PREPARE FOB FAIK CROWDS. The rush from the East to the San Francisco and San Diego expositions has begun. On one day twenty trains, carrying over 3000 persons and having a total length of nearly two miles, ar rived in Los Angeles, and on the next day about the same number of persons arrived on trains and on the steam ship Great Northern, on their way north or south. These facts are important to Port land, for a large proportion of these visitors to California will come to Portland and return East by one of the northern routes. The movement to and from the fairs will be at its height when the Rose Festival begins and will bring to Portland a number of visitors unexampled in the city's his tory. These people will be well-to-do, with good taste for an artistic page ant, with money to spend while here and with praise to distribute when they go home. Their influence will go far to bring people of substance to Oregon to aid in the work of develop ment. For these reasons the 1915 Rose Festival should excel all others in splendor, taste and smoothness of ar rangement. The city should look its best, the growl of pessimism should be silenced and the smile of optimism should take its place. Our solid new highways up and down the Columbia and through the county should be ready for the visitors' use. Many of our visitors will be people who have been accustomed to. make the Euro pean tour every Summer; they will be making their first tour of the West They will have been accustomed to a style .of catering peculiar to countries which depend largely on tourists. 1 We must strive, by the perfection of our entertainment and by the agreeable novelty of all that we set before them, to wean them from Europe and to convince them that the American West la unexcelled in its resources for giv ing pleasure in every form to those who seek it In travel. THE NEWBERG CANNERY The record of the Newberg Cannery Association for the season Just closed is full of encouragement for growers who think of undertaking a similar enterprise. The founders of the can nery started out with moderate expec tations. They would have been satis fied had their business shown a de ficit the first year. But nothing of that sort happened. On the contrary it showed at the annual stockholders' meeting a net prorit of some $3000. This was excellent when we consider the difficulties which always beset a new cannery. But two other gains still more important are mentioned in the Newberg Enterprise's account of the stockholders' meeting. The first, and probably the most important, is the establishment of a reliable market for the output of the cannery. This is always found to be difficult and sometimes impossible. The want of a near market has wrecked more bud ding canneries than all other causes combined. The second gain to which we have referred was "a year's experi ence." This is of course invaluable. To the farmers around Newberg the establishment of a cannery on a sound basis means lasting prosperity. Last Summer it paid to growers $24,454, most of which must have seemed to them like cash rained down from the skies. Instead of looking sorrowfully on while their fruit, berries and vege tables rotted on the ground they were able to dispose of all as it matured and at remunerative prices. Next year iho cannery .will do a neavier hnaihoaa nnrt naturallv will pour still more money into the neighborhood. This means a vital impulse to all good work. It implies better schools, a more prosperous church, . more road hniiiiinir and haDDler homes. Mort gages will be lifted and fresh com fn.t. intvrtn-orl Tin not let US for get the fine lesson to be drawn from the happy experience of Newberg. what has hepn done there can be done elsewhere. It requires nothing more than the same srjint of nonest con nnanitinn the name rnmmOn fiellSe the same courage to meet difficulties and handle problems. "Commerce Reports" is the name of a daily publication by the Department of Commerce. In tne main it iiahie in ito statements, but there rx-CHidnnal laDse. For example: In the issue nf TTphmarv 10 aoDears a state ment nf wheat renorts from Port land for one week in which the figures he "story" bears the heading: "Big Wheat Shipments From Seattle." As only people in tne tniiv tret the nnhlleation. no narm 13 dnna tn "Portland, and Seattle, which is in the chicken feed business, has opportunity for silent swell with prioe. The French are learning hygiene from the war. One soldier wrote home from the trenches that, to his wonder, he had found the night air perfectly wholesome. He therefore advised his wife to open her bedroom windows. The superstition that night air is Doisonous is intimately con nected with the miasma-breeding mosquito. If the bill introduced in the legislature requiring newspapers to print nothing but the truth about candidates tor oijuco "vu,u become a law some candidates will likely at and a miirhtv slim chance of election. Something might be published about some candidates that woman iooh wen m and still be the truth. Brownsville ume. In its infinite wisdom the Legist ture killed the bill. The state has been saved a great scandal. email ernna this Summer in the United States would mean famine in piimiio and oTeat hardship at home, Dnhiinista nrs-e the farmers to plant o m.ifh land as they can. Prices are sure to be remunerative. A good growing season might bring a compe tence to those who can farm on th large scale. . uonie whn think of "going into htrenc" thia SDrintr should think over one or two points before making the plunge. Eggs tend to oe cneap. T,,hiie ail binds of feed grow steadily The nrmltrv business is full of promise to one who can raise all his feed, but otherwise tne ouliuuk. gloomy. m, iMpntlfio American savs a sub marine can be detected at great jih, from an aeroDlane 3000 feet v, air iJenne the obvious defence 111 WIO ttlli - against the monsters is an air fleet to signal their presence, -iney be easily shunned when tneir wnere abouts is known. The minnnlntcr of the Texas who mae eia-ht straight hits with his fourteen-inch "baby" at a moving target twelve miles away is commend ed to attention of rulers of foreign n.niu that essav to have a "go" with this country. There are more of them, too. The -fun-makers who prattled about the grave possibilities tor wives anu i,,haniia to tret at sword points over politics must find consolation in Mrs. Carter Harrison's decision to take the stump in the interest or Mr. nam son's Chicago Mayoralty campaign. The trine- of Belelum takes a ride i an airohln Tinder the circum- ctonr.es the feat is not half so daring as others the undaunted ruler has essayed recently. The air is reaiiy as safe a place to be as tne gruuuu u Belgium. ' ' i-mrine- the Russo-Japanese war snme of the braver would attempt to pronounce the long jaw-breaker names. But now when tne ngnung gets around Poland and Galicia the bravest are ashamed to make the attempt. catnra nf Gprman newspapers who say this country cannot ligm ineira chow the rle-ht KDirit. Would anybody have them admit defeat at the outset? They would not be patriotic uermans if they wrote otherwise -rtru.r a morltnrlous emoloye of the Postoffice Department should be de barred from promotion annually is one of the problems that can be con ceived only in the brain of a Senator of this Nation. Ttntt Garibaldi's opinion that t.i,. is himd to enter the war should be taken cum grano salis. The Garibaldi tribe love a ngnt too wen iu form sound judgments upon such matters. The man who in middle life said the reason he did not drink was be oa,,se he hnirtred more than his share in his youth. can give pointers to the bibulous during the next ten montna. Trri 1 1 : .m nnt he able to find a better man for Ambassador than Von Rernstnrff. who handled a trying sit uation remarkably well. The Cincinnati saloon men are wearing a button "Give Us a Rest." In a good many cities aner January . they will get it. no aouot. Kellaher had the courage of his nw;ens like the boy who demon strated he could tickle tho hind foot f a mule. One of the beauties of civil service is shown in the juggle Dy wmcn tne City Commissioners get the secretaries they want. Tnrfa-e Stevenson's, ruling against Sunday liquor-selling in clubs destroys the last hope of temporary relief on a hot day. There is real news, if true, in the dispatch that an Austro-riungarian army defeated a booy ot Jtuaaid.ua. Jitney autos and jitney boats are too slow. Produce tne jnuey un- craft. TOiisnn that's all. isn't a very good stimulant for Congressmen these days. The Scandinavian kingdoms are not lighty, though more or less "fighty." We should worry over what has be come of the "I Should Worn- uiud. Aeltation. delegation, legislation. meditation the Jour, stages ol law.. w . u a.- wi a n ". r. iitr.i szjj v a i i J Half a Century Ago J (From The Oregonian Feb. 17, 18S3.) General Sheridan was S3 years old September 6 last. A correspondent of the New York World, writing recently from a personal interview, speaks of the sterling General as being of me dium height, compactly built, very active and with gray, expressive eyes, set in a face not handsome. The eyes gleam with fascinating humor or sav age fire as the occasion provokes. The General . habitually wears a full dress frock coat. Further, the correspondent says: "Did I say General Sheridan swore? There may as well be a clean breast of it. He certainly has an opu lent store of oaths the richest, raciest oaths that ever cursed a laggard line of infantry or damned a cavalry squad ron on to a sweeping charge." In the course of one of his sermons recently Henry Ward Beecher, speak ing on the National debt, said: "Admt at the end of this war the debt shall reach three thousand millions. If the ratio of Increase of population and of wealth shall continue, a period will arrive in the year 1900 when an as sessment on the property of the whole country of one and one-sixteenth hun dredths will pay the whole debt. . . I am sure we do not yet need to be afraid." A good deal of fun is being had over the nonarrlval of General Sickles In San Francisco, as the committee had made arrangements to receive him handsomely. On going aboard the steamer to greet him, the citizens found he had never intended to come to Cali fornia. Thomas Hardy, late of Copperopolls, and part owner of the Union copper mine, from which he recently sold out. last Saturday contributed $5000 to the Sanitary Fund. Abernethy & Herr, 134 Front street. have received a new, improved, self- adjusting clothes wringer, which was awarded the first premium at the Ore gon State Fair, in 1864. The wringer is being displayed at their store. James E. Carlisle and Mies Louisa B. Storey were; married February 12 at the residence of the bride's father in Washington County. W. B. Chatfield, Justice of the Peace, officiated. The Stock and Exchange Board have effected a temporary organization by the selection of Harrison Olmstead president and Ben L. Norden secretary MILTON AND THE "SPRING SONG Mendelsaohn Wrote Music for Poet' Word Believes This Student. PORTLAND, Feb. 16. (To the Edi tor.) I have heard so many versions of Mendelssohn's "Spring Song" dis cussed that I have decided to write my impressions of Mendelssohn's Song without words, No. 30, his melodious "Spring Song." The music seems to have been written for the beautiful words from Milton's Paradise Lost,, from Book IV. beginning with the 241st line and ending with the 268th line: they harmonize so exquisitely that I cannot resist my impression that Men delssohn was inspired by those lines when he wrote his Spring Song. If this is not true, it should have been; for Mendelssohn has made the pipings of Pan so plain and harmonious that you can hear "The birds their cuire apply;" and smell the fragrance in the air from "Breathing the smell of field and grove," and you can see the wood nymphs "Knit with the graces and the hours in dance." as they "Led on the eternal Spring." And it seems probable that this may be true, since he composed the music for Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream." His trips to England were many and always very enjoyable to him. He made a successful study of the English language and wrote charming letters In English to his newly made friends. It is a known fact that Mendelssohn used his influence to secure the production of the music written by a less popular composer for Milton's "Morning Hymn" at the Festival of Cologne. - We find that Mendelssohn, unlike other composers, did not confine him self to music alone. We know that he was a painter of considerable abil ity and his literary efforts deserved a high rank in the world of letters. It surely seems credible that those lines of the great epic were a favorite study of Mendelssohn. All must agree that he has simply reproduced in music what Milton produced in words de lightful fairy scenes and dances to the pipings of universal Pan. F. E. S. Cabinet Officer and Precedence. GRAVEL FORD. Or.. Feb. 15. (To the Editor.) Kindly publish once more the list of Cabinet officers, according to Importance and as to the law of suc cession, r. 11. Secretary of State, William J. Bryan: Secretary of Treasury, William Gibbs McAdoo; Secretary of War, Lindley M. Garrison; Attorney - General. Thomas Watt Gregory; Postmaster-General, A. S. Burleson; Secretary of Navy, Jose- phus Daniels; Secretary of the In terior, Franklin Knight Lane; Secre tary of Agriculture, David F. Houston; Secretary of Commerce, William C. Redfield; Secretary of Labor, William Bauchop Wilson. The above list is in order of their creation, and likewise of their succes sion in the event of disability or death of both the President and the Vice President. The Departments of State, Treasury and War were the three orig inally established. The Attorney-General later was added to the Cabinet, being detached from the Judicial de partment sufficiently to become a Presidential advisor. The Navy Depart ment was later created out of the De partment of War, and the Department of the Interior was created from the State Department. It is obvious there is no natural order of precedence, and prior to 18S6 there was no legal dis crimination between them. But in that year the succession of the members of the Cabinet to the Presidency in the event of death or disability of the Pres ident and Vice-President was estab lished by act of Congress in the order named above. "Spite" Fence Limitation.' PORTLAND. Feb. 15. (To the Ed itor.) There was an ordinance passed several months ago regulating "spite" fences. Please tell me the effect of the ordinance. Also, by the ordinance do all fences already built have to be cut down to five feet? SUBBUrUUiirC. The ordinance prohibits the construc tion of or the maintenance of a fence more than five feet high except around a storage yard or an amusement park. This is interpreted to mean that fences higher than five feet could be ordered cut down to five feet. Facts About the Bible. SHERWOOD, Or.. Feb. 16. (To the Editor.) Will you please tell me how many letters, words, verses, chapters and books there are in the Bible? MARTHA STRUVE. There are 66 books In the Old and New Testaments. There are 1189 chapters. 81.173 verses, 773,692 words and 3.567,180 letters, according to one statistician. The number of authors is given, a t - - Coantry Merchant Tell Why There la Lack of Trading: Co-operation. DAIRY, Or., Feb. 15. (To the Edi tor.) in your editorial February 11, under the caption. "The country mer chant and the farmer." you elate that the reason the country merchant does not buy the famers' produce i because he is controlled by the large central combinations. I have been a country merchant for the last 25 years, and . . . ... . nttrlv want to ten you viitii. j - mistaken on that point. The reason i . V. n n t . pnnnnt II Till UO We LUUUU llltli-iioniii ..... - - not try to handle the farmers' produce . . , .u .if the . ..... .ant Is the tiLUIl Ol the farmer. I have taken hundred of pounds of butter that we threw o ut in the back lot or sola at a "i " per me ouck iui wi ouivi m. - cent., and why? becaune it came Porl' rr ill 1 ait ueui... aim nnj .- - - - i i - i i ...-t I n r h and sm elled -11 if bad. you asu wny wo a woman wants ten dollars' won f - throw a h of roll gooua we udii ii- 11 of questionable butter away ocean lon- that ally Es&s are dfoubhi. M" would have hatched in a few da , ox i uA hon' irrs that rs if havo j Ati: in t h n 1 nrubar tors are OlUVfU BIC11IO aaa - . . brought to us. Bacon Is unslKh tlv: lard with wings in it. mice uiri and all sucn. , , , You say the farmer Is compelled to True send his produce to mo -enough, but in what shape? He se nds In cream not Duller, nuK the large centers you have "".a ries up that send out Dun-r i..v .--..a i.. n nil vnid Of 1 that neatly ana ia v;i-.. ---- baby odor: bacon is cured that looks good to eat. ana we .. . ...1 .,,nfni merchants can n ave ",.Y..-. -...hn.hments or a meat pai-mms t . creamery, therefore we cannot nn idle iVhfi the farmer's noes o ". hi. od the larmer if" '''-- ,.. -uce so we can handle it we 111 m ost hen assuredly give mm tne r"-'c' ;'" J, i.m- nr inn then will It come i : f n brother Burleson's pet idea ot pa arc-el post marKeimB ........ We admit that the mall order hoii ses er can and do sell some ' " " The than we ao or . - 'rtvftncP; mail order man gets cash in advanc he dees not iae ----must be cash or the goods don t go. he The farmer com. - h does not have the cash a ncl Is high y offended if does iot include X raneportation charges . the goods he buys from the mail ord on Icr ny house which, it a""-""- tha we instances maKe me would ask tor ino thftt wh 1 conclusion let me . tn en nie the country mercnan, as Us system that tne " nare nrlu?: as HouTA be. then and n ot till then will t.7'i5ERriuANT. LAKE LEASE DELAY IS lAMUVTB ID. W II. H. Dufur Sn, Oregon Shou " . lv Xow at Hand. ild PORTLAND. Or.. Feb. STou. at -Petfataga.oople of Ore tnarndrjslease of forfeit, ,'Vortant matter. vVate inarmed9 ,K commute, fhismpan, -befcrj Vf" Dodson. of the Chamoer and Mr. Chapman. ; - mmittee mercial Club, in or - that botn or'"''"""-,- Hnd Were gated , I, ,jj Mb associates satisfied that he " " to JJ1 industry and to ??nlo', S mixed politics, in- uoara. ""'"'"V-" " re a unit for this vestigated and w Biul Cen- lease. ine p.i . ' ,r, it, favor. tral Oregon are a - the The ratifying of thls 0 mcn employment of from 2000 to of and the ePen"l""Htructlon of this dollars in the mere con-tru. tl work and plant. ,A..,TV wth lishment of a pe , part at a heavy Pay?";". unemployed least, the solving of the u problem or u " - io,000 problem for s,ome'h "R the Fort Rock acres of farm lands 1" the f f ,t. Valley. And -i ,llt to Wait for whaV't Vese men take their act. and then let these m n millions and go - thcre. of California .m " tund by and jr-i d milk while and suck the e)''nmie"t. crenm? other up-to-oa """ryT DUFUR. DIFFERENT K1NDOF AID WANTED Bg,,ahnu.n Sulcata Join m r-. PORTLAND. Feb. 15.-(To the Ed tor.)-Havlng time, communica nian. from time to j. Hen ns written .n.l mv at nessy Murphy an iu o . . - - tention having d ",,,.,.. tion in- sorted at requ citizens" "prominent i"" " 4Vl. f T. irporting iu fRmou8 English P. o yonuc. F llahman I am journalist as an r.nR meaning prompted to . land, why don t .they join fe!s?,rcs.,,; try in her P"? , 80clety nor can understand no Ir ah cUy memDer ui of the many operate with their r a,way8 the commu" -. h6Ads speak wo brethren would join u: s " with me -u-Plclon. ,onf what ,3 the meaning of it an. COURTNKT. Another Book SuKgeafed. - i i r. To the Krtl- scriber." 1 wou.u - 6 book referred to by C n. written by an eiaer nothing Da?eCannan expos V.on" of the Ad-, more than an nd ls anv- ventist view oi l Jtatement of tof-thesacred WldTa M. Canrlgbt." who 28 vears preached Advent., and has written the book referred to. that not on " discusses the sub oct crit Ically. but reviews the writings of Chicago, 111. J. S. RHOAD3. Location of Mint. BUXTON, Or., Feb. 15. (To the Ed- ,tnr Please Inform me through the columns of The Oregonian .where are located the mints of the Lniteo .-tates. The mints nre locate at Caraon City. Nev., New Orleans. Denver, Philadel phia and Sn Francisco. Twenty-five Year Ago (From The Oregonian Feb. IT. lSr"V London John Hurna. the orKa.nlr.rr of the great dock strike and leader of the Kngllah prow tartans. Ill an Inter view ytxtterday raid: "I am a Srtalit to the hone and look upon the roni'f sioiis that the KmiitTur of t.i-rmanv has been makinjr to tho democr;irv In the x.mie liKlit us 1 view the rh.nit jlil.i contributions of wealthy Enelishmrn t' tho dock strikers, as merely a "'P to Cerberus." Tucson According to one fprt writer hero Jamra J. Corhctt waa "l:l out" at an impromptu sparrinir nuti ii with (Jeorge iUwkruKO. u County Sui veyor and amateur hoxcr, aiaticd hero while Corbett was on lila wuy to New Orleans to tight Jake Kilraln. Washington Mrs. Richard f-ivncr, known to society In t1:. lVtotfhurK, Paris. Washington and San l'rancla. n has announced she is financially and personally Int. rostod with K. J. tl.urkyl llaldwln and his syndicate in securing the next lease of the Alaska seal fifh crios. Floyd rioswcll. a young man who was Injured by falling on a broken aide walk at -Milton, nr.. krttled. with that city for lluuo. There Is conlder.tlilo speculation to what use the llolton Hnuta will put alter Mr. Perkins' leaso rplr which will bo October 1. It la not thought likely that tho llolton will re main a hotel. The O. C. Social Club, nn organisation of amateura In Ka.t Portland, will give Its first entertainment tonight. A mu sical, literary and dramatic programme will be offered. "The last Loaf" will be the play. Among thot-e who will participate will he .Messrs. Oscar llornc. Philip Brady. Harry Ivmpsey, Phil Kelly, T. F. I'.lake. Louis Henrys. J. 11. Cass, the Misses Margaret Carroll, Lln zie Dove and Dolly Sperry aud Men dames Kelly and Wustlake. Mrs. Langtry. the actress, ha recov ered enough from her attack of laryn gitis, to sit up. Mrs. Jefferson Davis hopes to com plete the biography of her late husband in time to 8all for Europe in May. The regular drive whist party held Thursday nisht in Alhlna wa well at tended although tho weather was stormy. Mrs. John Hewitt and Mrs. J. A. Eastes. won the first prlfcc; Mr. J. A. Randall and Mr. A. Eraser the booby prize. unvs ATTITl 111". 1 sv.T rxmi'ii Prohibition Mate Serrrlarr ontmrata on t'ourae of Liquor l.el"latlon. PORTLAND, Feb. 1.'.. (To the Edi tor.) Your editorial Monday, under Iho caption "Duty." In which you refer lo the "wets" and tho "ultra-dry" com bining to force an obnoxious and Irra tional law upon tho people, calls for a few words from this committee. To olio who has followed tho mailer as carefully as has Tho Oregonian, It la, of course, superfluous for this com mittee lo state Its attitude, hut for fear some may think that wo prohibition ists are among those who are advocat ing the same course as are tho "wets." I should like to state publicly, throuali your columns, that there has not been a representative of t lie prohibition party among tho antl-llnnor lobbyists at Salem during tho present session. We attreod to leave the mailer In tlm hands of the committee of one hundred, offering to give them tho benefit of our advice or assistance If doalred. We have followed this policy unwaveringly. Our chalrmnn. Mr. J. P. Newell, gave their bill bl.t endorsement, believing It to bo well drawn. Of course the bill ilocs not go far enough; neither did the amendment, for we will never quit, never be satis fied until not only Dregon. but the whole I'nltod States, shall be freed once and for all from tho curse of the liquor traffic. However, we aro Kind at this time to welcome the closing of the open saloon and hotel bar, tha erasing of operation of the brewery and dittllerv. the checkmating of the "hliiid-pU ' drug store move, und tho prohibiting of advertisements of liquor ill tho pub lic press. These are progressive sleps. Needless to say tho Prohibition parly nns convictions, and very strong ones too, upon tho wholo traffic, hut we hope we have common "horse-senso" enough to know that "Homo wm not built In a day" applies to all constructive re forms. As a matter of fact this committee would greatly prefer If th aubjoct of the amount of liquor permitted to be shipped in had been left entire y alone, for wo decidedly object to recog nizing tho liquor traffic to any extent whatever. If It bo found nucevanry l permit Importation, for tho present. It. would not seem rlKht to ua to legalli.e any particular shipment by specllylug tho amount. . OKKiOX FKOIIIUITIOX PTATE COM MITTEE, per J. Sanger Fox. Executive fcocretary. OWN Ell HKSPO.NSIBLK KOU BILL Effect of Daly Water Ordinance and Waya of Resisting II. OSWEGO, Or., Feb. 14. (To tho Edi tor.) I see by The Oregonian. Feb ruary 12. thRt Mr. Daly says that the tenant can make application for sprink ling and, if said tenant does not pay for use of same, the owner must. I would like The Oregonlan'a opinion on this question. In my opinion I thlnlt. should Mr. Daly try to make the owner pay for the sprinkling, he much ft tells the tenant to go ahead and use the water, as the owner will be held re sponsible for tho payment. 1 think we. the owners, ran sue Mr. p.ily and the city If they should shut off the water from the tenant In case we rail to pay. Please let us have your opinion on this question. A PROPERTY-OWN Lit. Our correspondent has rightly under stood the effect of Mr. Daly's order, but he was given authority to Issuo It hy the water ordinance which the people pproved at the election last Fall. The law ls unjust to property-owners, but could probably bo resisted only by suit for Injunction to prevent the city from shutting off the wnter or. If the water has already been shut off, by suit for mandamus to compel the city to turn It on, when the owner of property re fused to pay for water used by the ten ant. What Advertising Did for Furniture Thirty-five years ago practically no furniture was sold In February. Furniture factories were shut down four months In the year. Now more furniture Is old In February thRr In two ordinary months, and furniture factories are busy the year around. What made the change? Aggressivo merchandising and vigorous newspaper advertising. It Is a healthy change, a change that hns benefited manufacturer, re tailer and consumer. It ls also a remarkable evidence of the potential force of newspaper adverU.-ing. ft , 1