THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY. FEBRUARY lo, 1915.
DEFEATED RUSSIAN
GENERAL IS SUICIDE
Entire Staff of One Force
Bukowiria Made Prison
',. ers by Austrians.
in
MOUNTAIN GAINS REPORTED
Germans Employ FIaiulnS Oil to
Meet Charges With Bayonets,
Favorite Weapon Cscd by
Soldiers" of Car.
LONDON. Feb. 14 A dispatch from
Berlin says: '
According to the Budapest daily
new-paper As Kst. the Austro-Hunara-ri.n
troops entered the town oI Et
dautx. in BuUowina. so unexpectedly
that all the members of the Russian
staff were captured. .
"The commanding Russian General,
the newspaper adds, committed suiside.
The official statement issued today by
German headquarters said of the flent
inK in the east:
"On the other side of the East Prus
sian frontier our. operations are taking
the course we anticipated.
In Poland on the right bank of the
Vistula our troops are making prog
ress in the direction of Racionz.
-In Poland, on the left bank of the
Vistula, there is no change to report.
The official Vienna statement issued
tonight follows: , .
-The situation in Russian Poland and
West Gallcta remains unchanged. On
part of our battle front. In the Dukla
sector, acalnst which a vigorous Rus
sian attack was made, we tnrew back
the enemy and also the Siberian troops
from two dominating heights and
stormed a village near ViHkoox.
"Equally successful was an attack
hv the allied Germans and Austrians in
the middle Carpathian woods, where
we captured from the enemy, heights
over which there had been much fight
ing Yesterday we took 070 prisoners.
In iSouthwest Galioia and Bukowina
we have won victories. Southwest of
Nadworna the enemy was repulsed. Wi
captured the heights to the north of
Delatyn. taking many prisoners."
Ku.-sian staff officers assert today
that notwithstanding the reoccupation
of the crown land of Bukowina by
Austro-German armies, it does not con
stitute a menace to the Russian flank
or to the Russian position about the
town of Lemberg. according to a I'etro
Brad dispatch. This is due to the fai t,
the Russians maintain, that to the
north and south are mountain ranges
which render that section of the coun
try isolated and because the Russian
positions In the BeskW Range on the
south preclude the possibility of a suc
cessful attack.
In the mountain passes, where much
fighting at close range is taking place,
the Germans have produced new fight
ing machines In the shape of bomb
throwers and fire-spouters. The former
contrivance consists of a small apoa
ratua capable of being carried by two
men. It throws a 30-pound bomb a
distance of 200 to 300 yards into the
lines of their opponents. It is used
when artillery is not available. The
other contrivance consists of a tube
through which a stream of burning oil
Is forced for a distance of eight yards
and which covers with fiaine every
thing it touches. This apparatus is
reported to be employed against bay
onet charges, a favorite mode of Rus
sian fighting. Austrian prisoners re
late that the Austrian forces lack
horses. . .
On the left bank of the istula River
there is evidence that the Germans are
re-grouping their forces and they evi
dently are preparing a new attack in
that region.
GUERILLA WARFARE IS ON
(Continued Vrom First Fase.
caught they had no other choice but to
aurrender. and they could do it with
good conscience, for they must have
accounted for five times as many of
the enemy."
Brttln Superaede War.
In a report on the fighting in the
raroathtans an amusing story is told
by a correspondent o? another Hun
carlan paper.
Opposing trenches at one place were
on two hillsides. 400 yards apart. One
morning a Russian sniper hidden among
tUe bushes came out with a loud yell,
and on both sides soldiers began to
peep out to see what the trouble was
and then yelled.
An enormous Mack bear was slouch
ing along midway In the valley. The
business of war was forgotten, and
creeping up from the trenches the Aus
trians and Germans sent a volley at the
unfortunate bear. Hit by 100 bullets
It stumbled and fell. As soon as it was
dark some Austrian soldiers went out
to fetch the bear In. but when they
got to the spot they found the Russians
there before them.
Wolves Attack Advance Guards.
There are a large number of bears
and parks of wolves, especially In the
southeastern ranges of mountains, and
verr often advance guards or recon-
noitering parties have to fight for their
lives with these ferocious beasts, which,
driven by hunger and made furious by
the sound of cannonading, are ready to
attack any number of men.
In the Northern Carpathians are
some regions rich in Ice caverns with
enormous Icicles hanging from the
roofs. Fantastically shaped large halls
and smaller spaces open one into an
other. The floors are smooth and so
slippery one cannot walk on them in
ordinary boots.
Uaerrllla Warfare Ges On.
A company of infantry had to spend
five days and nights in one of these
ice caverns, the enemy being unaware
of its existence, though camping only
200 vards away from the opening. At
last, not being able to hold out any
longer, the cold and damp being un
bearable, they decided to draw the at
tention of the Russian to the place.
They fired a few shots and at once were
detected. The Russians rushed to the
cavern, but could only enter one by
one. and were either killed or taken
prisoners.
Thia company took 400 prisoners and,
dispersing the rest of the Russians,
they were able to leave the tomb of Ice.
It can thus easily be Imagined what
difficulties the Russian army has over
come in order to make an advance
against such resistance in such a coun
try. It Is simply guerrilla warfare on
an Immense acale, with many hundred
thousand men to conduct It.
Sacs German pf. whea drld. contains
45 per eeet carbon and has nearly one-half
CHRONOLOGY OF CHIEF EVENTS OF WAR TO DATE.
PROGRESS OF PAST WEEK.
February 11 Germans stop mall of United States Minister to The
Hague in Luxemburg; American ship Wilhelmina. with cargo for Ger
many seized by British government: Russians defeated in iSast Prus
sia, retreating to Polish border after 26,000 are captured: United States
warns Great Britain against use by British merchantmen of American
flag and Germany against attacks on American merchantmen.
February 12 British fleet of 34 aeroplanes and seaplanes raids
military and submarine bases of Germans in Belgium.
EARLIER EVENTS OF THE, WAR.
June 28, 1914 Grand Duke Francis Ferdinand,- heir to Austrian
throne, and his wife assassinated In Sarajevo, Bosnia, as result of Pan
Slavic propaganda.
July 23 Austrian sends ultimatum to Servia.
July 28 Austria declares war on Servia. Russia- mobilizes against
Austria.
July 29 Austria bombards Belgrade.
July 31 Germany demands that Russia demobilize. Belgians ana
Germans order mobilization.
August 1 Germany declares war on Russia.
August 3 German troops enter Belgium.
August 4 Great Britain sends ultimatum to Germany demanding
respect for Belgian neutrality. Germany declares war on France and
Belgium. Great Britain declares state of war exists with Germany.
August 6 Austria declares war on Russia.
August 7 French enter Alsace.
August 10 France declares war on Austria.
August 12 Montenegro declares war on Austria. Great Britain
announces state of war exists with Austria. '
August 13 Japan sends ultimatum to Germany, demanding tnai
she withdraw ships and evacuate Kaiu-Chau, China.
August 17 Belgian capital moved to Antwerp.
August 20 German army enters Brussels.
August 23 Japan declares war on Germany.
August 25 Austria declares war on Japan.
August 28 British fleet victor in sea fight in Heligoland BIgnt,
Germany losing cruisers and torpedo-boat destroyers.
August SI St. Petersburg becomes Petrograd again.
September 3 French capital moved to Bordeaux.
September S Great Britain. France and Russia sign agreement to
make no peace save together. .
September 7 German right wing, under Von Kluck, after having
approached within few miles of Paris, begins retreat from the Marne.
September 16 Russians reach Przemysl.
September 21 German submarine U-9 sinks British cruisers Cressy.
Hogue and Aboukir in North Sea.
October 9 Antwerp capitulates to German forces.
October 16 Germans enter Ostend, on English Channel. . British
cruisers sunk by German submarine.
October 17 Four German destroyers sunk by British crplser in
NOctoSber 20 Japanese occupy I.adrone Islands. In Pacific Ocean.
October 27 British super-dreadnought Audacious, third In tonnage
and armament in British navy, sunk by torpedo or mine off north
coaet of Ireland. ' , . -( .
October 29 Turkey's warships bombard Russian ports and mit
gunboat: Prince Louis of Battenberg resigns as First Sea Lord or
British navy because of Austrian birth.
October 31 Turks annex and invade Egypt; German submarine
sinks British cruiser Kermes.
November 1 British squadron defeated by German fleet off Chlll-
eanNovember 3 Great Britain and France formally announce state of
war with Turkey: . n-
November 7 Tsing-Tau. German stronghold In China, falls.
November 10 German cruiser Emden destroyed by Australian
cruiser Sydney: German cruiser Koenigsburg bottled up.
November 26 British battleship Bulwark blown up and sunk near
mouth of Thames from explosion of own magazine.
December 2 Austrian army occupies Belgrade.
December 7 Germans occupy Lodz, Poland. ,.
December S German commerce destroyers Scharnhorst. Gnelsenau,
Lelpslz and Nurnberg destroyed off Falkland Island by British fleet.
Cruiser Dresden escapes. j i , j.
December 14 Servians recapture Belgrade and Inflict decisive de
feat on Austrians. ,.,.
December 16 German fleet raids east coast of England. "a"'?
pool. Scarborough and Whitby bombarded. Eighty-four persons, mostly
civilians, killed. .
December 25 Seven British warships and the same number of ny-dro-aeroplanes
raid German naval base at Cuxhaven and escape.
December 28 United States demands of Great Britain and allies
early Improvement of treatment of American cargoes.
January 1 British battleship Formidable sunk in English Channel
by German submarine.
January 5 Russians defeat twoTurkish armies In Caucasus.
January li Great Britain concedes protest of United States against
cargo seizures Is right In principle. Right to examine ships is re
served. January 13 Count von Berchtold. Foreign Minister of Austria, re
signs after difference with Hungarian Premier: Turkish force occupies
T&brtz, Persist.
January 18 Russia destroys another Turkish army corps.
January 19 German fleet of airships raid Sandringham and other
'"'january t-German cruiser Bleucher sunk and three sister ships
damaged by trying to raid English coast. T,wih
January 30 German submarines begin series of raids In British
waters, sinking merchant vesssels.
February 3 Great Britain considers all food for Germany as con
traband: German dynamites Canadian owned bridge between United
States and Canada.
February 3 British rout first Turkish force reaching Suez Canal.
February 4 Germanv declares blockade of British waters.
February 6 British liner files American flag to evade German
submarine.
I PLANE DEFEATS 3
Frenchman With Rapid-Firer
Is Victor in Air Battle.
ZEPPELIN FORCED TO FLEE
Three Aviat. Attack German Bal
loon on Way to Attack Bclfort,
France, Forcing It Back to
Protection of Land Guns.
. , . .aml.nfficial note
,JJf tonight gtves details of a battle
- l - Vronrli ft.Via.tOr,
whose machine was armed with a jrapld
fire gun, and tnree usni,...
The story of the fight as told by the
French aviator rouows.
I charged a Taube. which was i 50
- , ca mrritl awav. The
meters v j , ' - T , .
German machine turned tail and I foi
lowed, firing continually. The Taube
appeared to be struck, as it made a
long gtiae wnn m - - t
v-looed In flame and smoke, and fell
to the earth.
Soon afterward I met two other ma
chines. I made a long downward
plunge and appeared to be shooting
successively as one of the aeroplanes
rolling heavily from side to side, fell
to earth. I rose quickly to a height
of 1500 meters and opened fire on the
second aircraft from a distance of 40
meters underneath. The battle con
tinued between the two mauniim
a minute, but soon the German was
, v. ...... - Hnu.-nwa.rd dive. I
nil aim --
pursued at nearly vertical angle, keep
ing UP a continuous lire, iuu
man craft was unable to withstand
further and fell.
"Despite the rain of shot and shell
from the hostile army. I successfully
regained the French lines."
battle is that the ship fighting end-on
Is more likely to be hit than the 'one
fighting broadside to the enemy. "It
has been generally believed," he says,
"that a ship fighting end-on stands the
smallest chance of being hit, but that
is no longer the case. The science of
gunnery has been brought to such a
standard that it is difficult for a com
petent man to aim off the proper line
of fire. That is, he may be depended
to send his shells in the right direction.
Misses are mostly made by the shells
falling short or passing over the tar
get, and it is therefore obvious that
the longer the target is. not at right
angles to, but parallel with, the flight
of the shell, the greater will be the
chance of hitting.
"The effective target presented by a
battleship end-on is really much great
er than when she is broadside on, be
sides, in the former position, losing
whatever protection might be afforded
by her vertical side armor."
DECKS ARE VULNERABLE
XORTH SEA BATTLE SHOWS WEAK
rOIST OP BATTLESHIPS.
New Lessen Also Is That-V easel Fight
ing "End-on" Is More Likely to
Be Hit Than Broadside.
LONDON Feb. I. (Correspondence of
the Associated Press.) The majority of
the hits made by battle-crulsera In the
North Sea battle of January 24 struck
on the decks of the ships. The naval
correspondence of the Globe, In dis
cussing this battle, which was fought
at long range with the shells reaching
the height of some three miles In the
curve of their projection, says It shows
a weakness of modern battleship con
struction that the decks were so easily
penetrated. The decks, he says, are the
weakest and most vulnerable of all the
above-water parts of the up-to-date
warship.
Another lesson he craws from this
GERMANS
FRIENDLY
BUT DETERMINED
Press Comment on American
Note Shows No Abatement
of Primary Purpose.
INNOCENTS AGAIN WARNED
One Berlin Editor Declares "Swag
serins Yankees' Soon Calm
-Themselves When They Dis
cover Threats Are' Futile".
BERLIN, via London, Feb. 14. The
Berlin newspapers continue their com
ment on the American note to Germany
concerning the provisions of the Ger
man Admiralty's sea war zone procla
mation. The tone of the editorials,
while generally of a determined na
ture, is friendly. Conspicuous excep
tions to the ruie. however, are fur
nished by the Post and the Tages
Zeltung. the former employing rather
sharp phrases.
'When something does not suit the
Yankees." says Die Post, "they are ac
customed to adopt as threatening and
as frightful a sabre-rattling tone as
possible. They reckon that the. per
son thus treated will let himself be
frightened and give in.
Discrimination la Charged.
"If this does not come to pass, how
ever, if the person thus Jreated and
threatened with the strongest expres
sions pays no attention and shows that
he is not scared and will not let him
self be driven into a state of funk,
the swaggering Yankees calm them
selves soon and quiet down."
Die Post complains that the United
States did not protest against the
British declaration of the North Bea
as war territory: "that is to say, they
are in benevolent agreement with
England but make a threatening pro
test against us. If the North Ameri
can Government would show Germany
the same neutrality as is shown Eng
land, the entire present note with Its
threatening tone would be superflu
ous." Innocent Powers Wnrned.
The Vossische Zeitung says:
"If the American Government has
no means to prevent the shipment of
arms to England, because this would
be a breach of neutrality, then Ger
many's naval forces will find a means
to prevent it. If innocent powers suf
fer thereby they have the men- s to
avoia the danger namely, stay at
home.
"If they act otherwise they will then
expose themselves to the suspicion of
acting against German interests."
Influential organs, like the Frank
furter Zeitung and the Hamburger
Nachrichten. express surprise that the
United States sends a protest to Ger
many after ignoring Great Britain's
declaration of the entire North Sea as
a theater of war.
Naval Expert Criticises.
Count Ernest Reventlow, the naval
expert, wrote prior to the publication
of the American note:
"Should the United Slates wish a
breach with the German empire, we
can assure them that the German peo
ple' as one man will stand behind the
government if it adheres with firm
determination to the stand taken with
mature deliberation.
"The entire German people would
demand and expect this unyielding
firmness of the government."
n.ter reading the text of the note.
Count Reventlow says It gives further
ground for his criticisms. He declares
that the request of the United States
that ships be searched before further
action is taken against them shows
"that the people in Washington do not
or will not comprehend the meaning
of the German measure."
"We have so often demonstrated,"
Count Reventlow continues, "the impos
sibility of search that we can merely re
fer to our earlier remarks. Washington
must know this and transfer the de
mand of the note for a search and the
establishing of the identity of neu
tral merchantmen amounts de facto to
non-recognition of the German dec
laration representing war territory."
CARRANZA ISSUES DEMAND
Continued From First Page.)
rience which we must bear in mind to
avoid in the future, the lack of politi
cal discipline of inexperienced leaders.
"Military leaders before whom such
representations may be made must
confine themselves to informing the
representatives of the foreigners that
they should take such matters up di
rectly with the first chief of the con
stitutionalist army."
sj Washington Shows Concern.
Military chiefs are warned to reject
"all promises of political assistance
emanating from foreigners."
While high officials were reticent as
to the future course of the United
States Government, It Is evident that
the treatment of foreigners in Mexico,
the food famine in Mexico City and the
plight of the diplomatic corps there
have given the Administration much
concern.
Although eight censors are on duty
at Vera Cruz to prevent dispatches un
favorable to the Carranxa cause from
being sent abroad, it has been learned
authoritively that for some time bare
ly courteous relations have been main
tained between Carranza and the Con
suls of Spain and Great Britain at Vera
Crux. These Consuls often have found
it difficult to see Carranza, frequently
being forced to wait for hours in his
reception-room, only to be told to call
again.
Consuls In Disfavor.
Both the Spanish and British Consuls
incurred the displeasure of Carranza
because of their persistence in calling
to his attention what they considered
unjust aggresslcns on foreign property.
The 'American Consul at Vera Cruz,
W. H. Canada, has repeatedly made
representations to Carranza on the
treatment of Spaniards. Recently he
was Instructed to say that the Depart
ment of State had learned of the shoot
ing of seven Spaniards at Pizaco and
of another at a nearby town and to
point out that unless this method of
reprisals was stopped the world at
large would be shocked and that a
continuation of the policy of executing
Spaniards would be regarded with keen
displeasure by the United States and
would place the personal responsibility
on Carranza.
Russia to Shake Oir Art Shackles.
LONDON, Feb. 1. (Correspondence
of the Associated Press.) In order to
free Russia from an alleged predomi
nant German Influence in its architec
ture and decorative arts an Anglo
Russian building trades and arts ex
hibition 13 to be held In Petrograd im
mediately after the close of the war.
Phones to Irish Fanners. ,
London Standard.
The British Fostmaster-General is
seeking to increase the use of tele
phones among the Irish farmers. A
rate has been arrarged whereby three
or more farmers on a line can have
unlimited local calls at M.60 each per
annum.
I S.V I Park, West Park, near Washington
Free Phones Mar. 5333, A 5333. Open oon to 11 T. M.
. TODAY AND TUESDAY
Charlie Chaplin
"A Night Out"
Through error the Sunday paper announced this as "Hi Nrw
Job" which was last week's bill.
THIS IS ABSOLUTELY A NEW PLAY TIIE FUNNIEST HE
HAS EVER PRODUCED
REMEMBER THE NATIONAL IS THE ONLY THEATER IN
PORTLAND SHOWING FIRST RUN PICTURES
OF CHARLIE CHAPUN
ALSO
Kranets X. Biubnui In "The Am
bitions of the Baron" The
greatest picture actor in the
greatest picture play.
Altar of Love Drama.
Mrir-KetlR- Weekly.
Mli Bnbe Hre l-
llnlat The hit" ot the entire
venr.
Clifford Cmrmrr an Of
R-ram, Oranntntn.
CHINA PLANS SCHOOLS
WESTERN METHODS IS PART ARE
TO BE ADOPTED.
Mandate Jirnt Ismied Recalls Days of
Chow Dynasty, "When Every Indi
vidual Was n Scholar."
PEKIN, Jan. 22. (Correspondence of
the Associated Press.) A presidential
mandate has been issued instructing the
Minister of Education to prepare the
way for a uniform system of public
schools to be established throughout
China. The schools, according to the
plan, are to be modern, patterned after
Western Ideas to a large degtee, but
not to the extent of discarding the best
teachings of China's ancient sages, "to
whom the culture of the nation is due.'
The following passages appear in the
mandate, which is long and explana
tory, in the usual style of the mandates
Issued by President Yuan Shi-Kal.
"The prosperity or decay, and -the
strength or weakness of a nation are
chiefly determined by the morality, in
telligence and physical strength ot the
people; and If we desire to increase the
standard of these three virtues our first
attention should be paid to the educa
tion of the people.
n the foreign countries imnmrwun
scholars devote their tltne to the will
ing of works on special branches of
science, and from SO to 0 per cent or
the population can read and write. But
In this country books are mere repro
ductions. Original works are as few as
the waning stars In curly morning.
"If we recall the days of the Chow
dynasty we find that every Individual
.vas a scholar: but such days are past
and we have them no more. It Is more
than 2000 years bIiico tho dnys of the
Chin and Han dynasties, and the an
cient clvilllatlon has fallen Into decay.
'Now we aim at universal education,
enabling every citizen of the country
to be capable of government and to ho
rid of the old habit of dependence."
Railroad Democracy.
Baltimore American.
Of tho 170 ranking officers of the
Pennsylvania Railroad System, 1 63
Including the president etarted at the
bottom, sweeping out cms. carrylns
water for laborers and other like "h
of the very commonest kind. One hun
dred and forty-two of the 170 have
been In the service more than 20 years
Bed ot a r"Mlanrol.
Judge.
Hospital Nurse This bed you"re In
was endowed by Mr. Scads, the great
philanthropist. I'atient Why. it was
his auto, that banKed me up tills wj '.
To Care A ewtd In One Day.
Take LAXATIVE BKOMO QIMN1NB Tsniets
igrlta refund nroney 11 It talis to cur.
Druifftl
W. CKOVIS'S Bunatuf l on
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NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL
LlirE INSURANCE COMPANY
Horace Mecklcra, Gen. Aft.
Northwestern Bank fclda., l ortland, or.
YAQUIS ROB AMERICANS
Bar of Gold Taken and Miners
Stripped of Clothing.
ON BOARD U. S. S. SAN DIEGO, San
Diego, Feb. It. E. A. Butter and J. E.
Colser, American mining men, were
stripped of ail their clothing by 15
Yaqui Indians and robbed of a bar of
gold and 300 pesos in the mountains of
Sonora, Mex., according to a report to
day from the United States gunboat
Annapolis at Guaymas.
Butter and Colser were traveling in
a motor car hired from the Southern
Pacific Railroad of Mexico and left the
Yaqui River country Friday. Between
the villages of Liencho and Jorl, says
the report, they were attacked by the
Indians. The Americans reached Em
palme last Friday. The ordinary bar
of gold from mines In- Western Mexico
averages in- value from $25,000 to
S30.000.
The Indians have issued a decree or
dering all Mexicans and foreigners
from their lands.
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Established 1906.
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