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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 15, 1915)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY. FEBRUARY lo, 1915. DEFEATED RUSSIAN GENERAL IS SUICIDE Entire Staff of One Force Bukowiria Made Prison ',. ers by Austrians. in MOUNTAIN GAINS REPORTED Germans Employ FIaiulnS Oil to Meet Charges With Bayonets, Favorite Weapon Cscd by Soldiers" of Car. LONDON. Feb. 14 A dispatch from Berlin says: ' According to the Budapest daily new-paper As Kst. the Austro-Hunara-ri.n troops entered the town oI Et dautx. in BuUowina. so unexpectedly that all the members of the Russian staff were captured. . "The commanding Russian General, the newspaper adds, committed suiside. The official statement issued today by German headquarters said of the flent inK in the east: "On the other side of the East Prus sian frontier our. operations are taking the course we anticipated. In Poland on the right bank of the Vistula our troops are making prog ress in the direction of Racionz. -In Poland, on the left bank of the Vistula, there is no change to report. The official Vienna statement issued tonight follows: , . -The situation in Russian Poland and West Gallcta remains unchanged. On part of our battle front. In the Dukla sector, acalnst which a vigorous Rus sian attack was made, we tnrew back the enemy and also the Siberian troops from two dominating heights and stormed a village near ViHkoox. "Equally successful was an attack hv the allied Germans and Austrians in the middle Carpathian woods, where we captured from the enemy, heights over which there had been much fight ing Yesterday we took 070 prisoners. In iSouthwest Galioia and Bukowina we have won victories. Southwest of Nadworna the enemy was repulsed. Wi captured the heights to the north of Delatyn. taking many prisoners." Ku.-sian staff officers assert today that notwithstanding the reoccupation of the crown land of Bukowina by Austro-German armies, it does not con stitute a menace to the Russian flank or to the Russian position about the town of Lemberg. according to a I'etro Brad dispatch. This is due to the fai t, the Russians maintain, that to the north and south are mountain ranges which render that section of the coun try isolated and because the Russian positions In the BeskW Range on the south preclude the possibility of a suc cessful attack. In the mountain passes, where much fighting at close range is taking place, the Germans have produced new fight ing machines In the shape of bomb throwers and fire-spouters. The former contrivance consists of a small apoa ratua capable of being carried by two men. It throws a 30-pound bomb a distance of 200 to 300 yards into the lines of their opponents. It is used when artillery is not available. The other contrivance consists of a tube through which a stream of burning oil Is forced for a distance of eight yards and which covers with fiaine every thing it touches. This apparatus is reported to be employed against bay onet charges, a favorite mode of Rus sian fighting. Austrian prisoners re late that the Austrian forces lack horses. . . On the left bank of the istula River there is evidence that the Germans are re-grouping their forces and they evi dently are preparing a new attack in that region. GUERILLA WARFARE IS ON (Continued Vrom First Fase. caught they had no other choice but to aurrender. and they could do it with good conscience, for they must have accounted for five times as many of the enemy." Brttln Superaede War. In a report on the fighting in the raroathtans an amusing story is told by a correspondent o? another Hun carlan paper. Opposing trenches at one place were on two hillsides. 400 yards apart. One morning a Russian sniper hidden among tUe bushes came out with a loud yell, and on both sides soldiers began to peep out to see what the trouble was and then yelled. An enormous Mack bear was slouch ing along midway In the valley. The business of war was forgotten, and creeping up from the trenches the Aus trians and Germans sent a volley at the unfortunate bear. Hit by 100 bullets It stumbled and fell. As soon as it was dark some Austrian soldiers went out to fetch the bear In. but when they got to the spot they found the Russians there before them. Wolves Attack Advance Guards. There are a large number of bears and parks of wolves, especially In the southeastern ranges of mountains, and verr often advance guards or recon- noitering parties have to fight for their lives with these ferocious beasts, which, driven by hunger and made furious by the sound of cannonading, are ready to attack any number of men. In the Northern Carpathians are some regions rich in Ice caverns with enormous Icicles hanging from the roofs. Fantastically shaped large halls and smaller spaces open one into an other. The floors are smooth and so slippery one cannot walk on them in ordinary boots. Uaerrllla Warfare Ges On. A company of infantry had to spend five days and nights in one of these ice caverns, the enemy being unaware of its existence, though camping only 200 vards away from the opening. At last, not being able to hold out any longer, the cold and damp being un bearable, they decided to draw the at tention of the Russian to the place. They fired a few shots and at once were detected. The Russians rushed to the cavern, but could only enter one by one. and were either killed or taken prisoners. Thia company took 400 prisoners and, dispersing the rest of the Russians, they were able to leave the tomb of Ice. It can thus easily be Imagined what difficulties the Russian army has over come in order to make an advance against such resistance in such a coun try. It Is simply guerrilla warfare on an Immense acale, with many hundred thousand men to conduct It. Sacs German pf. whea drld. contains 45 per eeet carbon and has nearly one-half CHRONOLOGY OF CHIEF EVENTS OF WAR TO DATE. PROGRESS OF PAST WEEK. February 11 Germans stop mall of United States Minister to The Hague in Luxemburg; American ship Wilhelmina. with cargo for Ger many seized by British government: Russians defeated in iSast Prus sia, retreating to Polish border after 26,000 are captured: United States warns Great Britain against use by British merchantmen of American flag and Germany against attacks on American merchantmen. February 12 British fleet of 34 aeroplanes and seaplanes raids military and submarine bases of Germans in Belgium. EARLIER EVENTS OF THE, WAR. June 28, 1914 Grand Duke Francis Ferdinand,- heir to Austrian throne, and his wife assassinated In Sarajevo, Bosnia, as result of Pan Slavic propaganda. July 23 Austrian sends ultimatum to Servia. July 28 Austria declares war on Servia. Russia- mobilizes against Austria. July 29 Austria bombards Belgrade. July 31 Germany demands that Russia demobilize. Belgians ana Germans order mobilization. August 1 Germany declares war on Russia. August 3 German troops enter Belgium. August 4 Great Britain sends ultimatum to Germany demanding respect for Belgian neutrality. Germany declares war on France and Belgium. Great Britain declares state of war exists with Germany. August 6 Austria declares war on Russia. August 7 French enter Alsace. August 10 France declares war on Austria. August 12 Montenegro declares war on Austria. Great Britain announces state of war exists with Austria. ' August 13 Japan sends ultimatum to Germany, demanding tnai she withdraw ships and evacuate Kaiu-Chau, China. August 17 Belgian capital moved to Antwerp. August 20 German army enters Brussels. August 23 Japan declares war on Germany. August 25 Austria declares war on Japan. August 28 British fleet victor in sea fight in Heligoland BIgnt, Germany losing cruisers and torpedo-boat destroyers. August SI St. Petersburg becomes Petrograd again. September 3 French capital moved to Bordeaux. September S Great Britain. France and Russia sign agreement to make no peace save together. . September 7 German right wing, under Von Kluck, after having approached within few miles of Paris, begins retreat from the Marne. September 16 Russians reach Przemysl. September 21 German submarine U-9 sinks British cruisers Cressy. Hogue and Aboukir in North Sea. October 9 Antwerp capitulates to German forces. October 16 Germans enter Ostend, on English Channel. . British cruisers sunk by German submarine. October 17 Four German destroyers sunk by British crplser in NOctoSber 20 Japanese occupy I.adrone Islands. In Pacific Ocean. October 27 British super-dreadnought Audacious, third In tonnage and armament in British navy, sunk by torpedo or mine off north coaet of Ireland. ' , . -( . October 29 Turkey's warships bombard Russian ports and mit gunboat: Prince Louis of Battenberg resigns as First Sea Lord or British navy because of Austrian birth. October 31 Turks annex and invade Egypt; German submarine sinks British cruiser Kermes. November 1 British squadron defeated by German fleet off Chlll- eanNovember 3 Great Britain and France formally announce state of war with Turkey: . n- November 7 Tsing-Tau. German stronghold In China, falls. November 10 German cruiser Emden destroyed by Australian cruiser Sydney: German cruiser Koenigsburg bottled up. November 26 British battleship Bulwark blown up and sunk near mouth of Thames from explosion of own magazine. December 2 Austrian army occupies Belgrade. December 7 Germans occupy Lodz, Poland. ,. December S German commerce destroyers Scharnhorst. Gnelsenau, Lelpslz and Nurnberg destroyed off Falkland Island by British fleet. Cruiser Dresden escapes. j i , j. December 14 Servians recapture Belgrade and Inflict decisive de feat on Austrians. ,.,. December 16 German fleet raids east coast of England. "a"'? pool. Scarborough and Whitby bombarded. Eighty-four persons, mostly civilians, killed. . December 25 Seven British warships and the same number of ny-dro-aeroplanes raid German naval base at Cuxhaven and escape. December 28 United States demands of Great Britain and allies early Improvement of treatment of American cargoes. January 1 British battleship Formidable sunk in English Channel by German submarine. January 5 Russians defeat twoTurkish armies In Caucasus. January li Great Britain concedes protest of United States against cargo seizures Is right In principle. Right to examine ships is re served. January 13 Count von Berchtold. Foreign Minister of Austria, re signs after difference with Hungarian Premier: Turkish force occupies T&brtz, Persist. January 18 Russia destroys another Turkish army corps. January 19 German fleet of airships raid Sandringham and other '"'january t-German cruiser Bleucher sunk and three sister ships damaged by trying to raid English coast. T,wih January 30 German submarines begin series of raids In British waters, sinking merchant vesssels. February 3 Great Britain considers all food for Germany as con traband: German dynamites Canadian owned bridge between United States and Canada. February 3 British rout first Turkish force reaching Suez Canal. February 4 Germanv declares blockade of British waters. February 6 British liner files American flag to evade German submarine. I PLANE DEFEATS 3 Frenchman With Rapid-Firer Is Victor in Air Battle. ZEPPELIN FORCED TO FLEE Three Aviat. Attack German Bal loon on Way to Attack Bclfort, France, Forcing It Back to Protection of Land Guns. . , . .aml.nfficial note ,JJf tonight gtves details of a battle - l - Vronrli ft.Via.tOr, whose machine was armed with a jrapld fire gun, and tnree usni,... The story of the fight as told by the French aviator rouows. I charged a Taube. which was i 50 - , ca mrritl awav. The meters v j , ' - T , . German machine turned tail and I foi lowed, firing continually. The Taube appeared to be struck, as it made a long gtiae wnn m - - t v-looed In flame and smoke, and fell to the earth. Soon afterward I met two other ma chines. I made a long downward plunge and appeared to be shooting successively as one of the aeroplanes rolling heavily from side to side, fell to earth. I rose quickly to a height of 1500 meters and opened fire on the second aircraft from a distance of 40 meters underneath. The battle con tinued between the two mauniim a minute, but soon the German was , v. ...... - Hnu.-nwa.rd dive. I nil aim -- pursued at nearly vertical angle, keep ing UP a continuous lire, iuu man craft was unable to withstand further and fell. "Despite the rain of shot and shell from the hostile army. I successfully regained the French lines." battle is that the ship fighting end-on Is more likely to be hit than the 'one fighting broadside to the enemy. "It has been generally believed," he says, "that a ship fighting end-on stands the smallest chance of being hit, but that is no longer the case. The science of gunnery has been brought to such a standard that it is difficult for a com petent man to aim off the proper line of fire. That is, he may be depended to send his shells in the right direction. Misses are mostly made by the shells falling short or passing over the tar get, and it is therefore obvious that the longer the target is. not at right angles to, but parallel with, the flight of the shell, the greater will be the chance of hitting. "The effective target presented by a battleship end-on is really much great er than when she is broadside on, be sides, in the former position, losing whatever protection might be afforded by her vertical side armor." DECKS ARE VULNERABLE XORTH SEA BATTLE SHOWS WEAK rOIST OP BATTLESHIPS. New Lessen Also Is That-V easel Fight ing "End-on" Is More Likely to Be Hit Than Broadside. LONDON Feb. I. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) The majority of the hits made by battle-crulsera In the North Sea battle of January 24 struck on the decks of the ships. The naval correspondence of the Globe, In dis cussing this battle, which was fought at long range with the shells reaching the height of some three miles In the curve of their projection, says It shows a weakness of modern battleship con struction that the decks were so easily penetrated. The decks, he says, are the weakest and most vulnerable of all the above-water parts of the up-to-date warship. Another lesson he craws from this GERMANS FRIENDLY BUT DETERMINED Press Comment on American Note Shows No Abatement of Primary Purpose. INNOCENTS AGAIN WARNED One Berlin Editor Declares "Swag serins Yankees' Soon Calm -Themselves When They Dis cover Threats Are' Futile". BERLIN, via London, Feb. 14. The Berlin newspapers continue their com ment on the American note to Germany concerning the provisions of the Ger man Admiralty's sea war zone procla mation. The tone of the editorials, while generally of a determined na ture, is friendly. Conspicuous excep tions to the ruie. however, are fur nished by the Post and the Tages Zeltung. the former employing rather sharp phrases. 'When something does not suit the Yankees." says Die Post, "they are ac customed to adopt as threatening and as frightful a sabre-rattling tone as possible. They reckon that the. per son thus treated will let himself be frightened and give in. Discrimination la Charged. "If this does not come to pass, how ever, if the person thus Jreated and threatened with the strongest expres sions pays no attention and shows that he is not scared and will not let him self be driven into a state of funk, the swaggering Yankees calm them selves soon and quiet down." Die Post complains that the United States did not protest against the British declaration of the North Bea as war territory: "that is to say, they are in benevolent agreement with England but make a threatening pro test against us. If the North Ameri can Government would show Germany the same neutrality as is shown Eng land, the entire present note with Its threatening tone would be superflu ous." Innocent Powers Wnrned. The Vossische Zeitung says: "If the American Government has no means to prevent the shipment of arms to England, because this would be a breach of neutrality, then Ger many's naval forces will find a means to prevent it. If innocent powers suf fer thereby they have the men- s to avoia the danger namely, stay at home. "If they act otherwise they will then expose themselves to the suspicion of acting against German interests." Influential organs, like the Frank furter Zeitung and the Hamburger Nachrichten. express surprise that the United States sends a protest to Ger many after ignoring Great Britain's declaration of the entire North Sea as a theater of war. Naval Expert Criticises. Count Ernest Reventlow, the naval expert, wrote prior to the publication of the American note: "Should the United Slates wish a breach with the German empire, we can assure them that the German peo ple' as one man will stand behind the government if it adheres with firm determination to the stand taken with mature deliberation. "The entire German people would demand and expect this unyielding firmness of the government." n.ter reading the text of the note. Count Reventlow says It gives further ground for his criticisms. He declares that the request of the United States that ships be searched before further action is taken against them shows "that the people in Washington do not or will not comprehend the meaning of the German measure." "We have so often demonstrated," Count Reventlow continues, "the impos sibility of search that we can merely re fer to our earlier remarks. Washington must know this and transfer the de mand of the note for a search and the establishing of the identity of neu tral merchantmen amounts de facto to non-recognition of the German dec laration representing war territory." CARRANZA ISSUES DEMAND Continued From First Page.) rience which we must bear in mind to avoid in the future, the lack of politi cal discipline of inexperienced leaders. "Military leaders before whom such representations may be made must confine themselves to informing the representatives of the foreigners that they should take such matters up di rectly with the first chief of the con stitutionalist army." sj Washington Shows Concern. Military chiefs are warned to reject "all promises of political assistance emanating from foreigners." While high officials were reticent as to the future course of the United States Government, It Is evident that the treatment of foreigners in Mexico, the food famine in Mexico City and the plight of the diplomatic corps there have given the Administration much concern. Although eight censors are on duty at Vera Cruz to prevent dispatches un favorable to the Carranxa cause from being sent abroad, it has been learned authoritively that for some time bare ly courteous relations have been main tained between Carranza and the Con suls of Spain and Great Britain at Vera Crux. These Consuls often have found it difficult to see Carranza, frequently being forced to wait for hours in his reception-room, only to be told to call again. Consuls In Disfavor. Both the Spanish and British Consuls incurred the displeasure of Carranza because of their persistence in calling to his attention what they considered unjust aggresslcns on foreign property. The 'American Consul at Vera Cruz, W. H. Canada, has repeatedly made representations to Carranza on the treatment of Spaniards. Recently he was Instructed to say that the Depart ment of State had learned of the shoot ing of seven Spaniards at Pizaco and of another at a nearby town and to point out that unless this method of reprisals was stopped the world at large would be shocked and that a continuation of the policy of executing Spaniards would be regarded with keen displeasure by the United States and would place the personal responsibility on Carranza. Russia to Shake Oir Art Shackles. LONDON, Feb. 1. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) In order to free Russia from an alleged predomi nant German Influence in its architec ture and decorative arts an Anglo Russian building trades and arts ex hibition 13 to be held In Petrograd im mediately after the close of the war. Phones to Irish Fanners. , London Standard. The British Fostmaster-General is seeking to increase the use of tele phones among the Irish farmers. A rate has been arrarged whereby three or more farmers on a line can have unlimited local calls at M.60 each per annum. I S.V I Park, West Park, near Washington Free Phones Mar. 5333, A 5333. Open oon to 11 T. M. . TODAY AND TUESDAY Charlie Chaplin "A Night Out" Through error the Sunday paper announced this as "Hi Nrw Job" which was last week's bill. THIS IS ABSOLUTELY A NEW PLAY TIIE FUNNIEST HE HAS EVER PRODUCED REMEMBER THE NATIONAL IS THE ONLY THEATER IN PORTLAND SHOWING FIRST RUN PICTURES OF CHARLIE CHAPUN ALSO Kranets X. Biubnui In "The Am bitions of the Baron" The greatest picture actor in the greatest picture play. Altar of Love Drama. Mrir-KetlR- Weekly. Mli Bnbe Hre l- llnlat The hit" ot the entire venr. Clifford Cmrmrr an Of R-ram, Oranntntn. CHINA PLANS SCHOOLS WESTERN METHODS IS PART ARE TO BE ADOPTED. Mandate Jirnt Ismied Recalls Days of Chow Dynasty, "When Every Indi vidual Was n Scholar." PEKIN, Jan. 22. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) A presidential mandate has been issued instructing the Minister of Education to prepare the way for a uniform system of public schools to be established throughout China. The schools, according to the plan, are to be modern, patterned after Western Ideas to a large degtee, but not to the extent of discarding the best teachings of China's ancient sages, "to whom the culture of the nation is due.' The following passages appear in the mandate, which is long and explana tory, in the usual style of the mandates Issued by President Yuan Shi-Kal. "The prosperity or decay, and -the strength or weakness of a nation are chiefly determined by the morality, in telligence and physical strength ot the people; and If we desire to increase the standard of these three virtues our first attention should be paid to the educa tion of the people. n the foreign countries imnmrwun scholars devote their tltne to the will ing of works on special branches of science, and from SO to 0 per cent or the population can read and write. But In this country books are mere repro ductions. Original works are as few as the waning stars In curly morning. "If we recall the days of the Chow dynasty we find that every Individual .vas a scholar: but such days are past and we have them no more. It Is more than 2000 years bIiico tho dnys of the Chin and Han dynasties, and the an cient clvilllatlon has fallen Into decay. 'Now we aim at universal education, enabling every citizen of the country to be capable of government and to ho rid of the old habit of dependence." Railroad Democracy. Baltimore American. Of tho 170 ranking officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad System, 1 63 Including the president etarted at the bottom, sweeping out cms. carrylns water for laborers and other like "h of the very commonest kind. One hun dred and forty-two of the 170 have been In the service more than 20 years Bed ot a r"Mlanrol. Judge. Hospital Nurse This bed you"re In was endowed by Mr. Scads, the great philanthropist. I'atient Why. it was his auto, that banKed me up tills wj '. To Care A ewtd In One Day. Take LAXATIVE BKOMO QIMN1NB Tsniets igrlta refund nroney 11 It talis to cur. Druifftl W. CKOVIS'S Bunatuf l on -a.rti bo&. 3bo. The difference between a pessimist and an optimist is usually an insurance pol icy! See us and become an optimist. NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LlirE INSURANCE COMPANY Horace Mecklcra, Gen. Aft. Northwestern Bank fclda., l ortland, or. YAQUIS ROB AMERICANS Bar of Gold Taken and Miners Stripped of Clothing. ON BOARD U. S. S. SAN DIEGO, San Diego, Feb. It. E. A. Butter and J. E. Colser, American mining men, were stripped of ail their clothing by 15 Yaqui Indians and robbed of a bar of gold and 300 pesos in the mountains of Sonora, Mex., according to a report to day from the United States gunboat Annapolis at Guaymas. Butter and Colser were traveling in a motor car hired from the Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico and left the Yaqui River country Friday. Between the villages of Liencho and Jorl, says the report, they were attacked by the Indians. The Americans reached Em palme last Friday. The ordinary bar of gold from mines In- Western Mexico averages in- value from $25,000 to S30.000. The Indians have issued a decree or dering all Mexicans and foreigners from their lands. 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