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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 16, 1915)
f 9 Entered at Portland. Oregon. Fottofflc a econd-clasa matter. , 6ubcrtption Rata Invariably la advance. (By MalL) Dally, Sunday Included, one year J S? gaily. Sunday Included, ail months J ally, Sunday Included, three months ... A? Daily, Sunday Included, one month " Daily, wltnout Sunday, one year oyy Daily, without Sunday, aix montna 2 Daily, without Sunday, three months ... t-'a Dailv. without Sunday, one month - Weakly, one year - Sunday, one year .........-..--- i'tTt Sunday and Weekly one year (By Carrier.) Daily. Sunday Included, one year 9 " Dally, fciuniay Included, one montn. ..... ,M How te Remit Send Poatofflce TOW "; der. expreu order or personal check on your loual bank. Stamp., coin or currency are at aender's risk. Give pestofflce address in lull, including county and etate. ' Postage Bates 12 to 10 page to 32 panes. 2 cents; M to 4s pages. 3 cents. 60 to i0 pages, 4 cents; to 10 P"8- " cents; 78 to 2 pages, o cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern BuBiiiexa Office Verree t Cm lln. New York. Brunswick building; Chicago, eteneer building. ban Francisco Office B. J. Bidwell Com. pany, 142 Market street, rOBTLAND, SATCBDAYV JAN. 18. 1915. ( OCR OCXS' A BRITAIN'S, t Ail article in The Oregonian on "Our 'Attitude Towards the War" has called forth a letter of criticism, which we ! publish in another column. Our cor- respondent fails to distinguish between 7 adherence by the United States to the I general principles of neutrality as de ; fined in tho Hague treaties and a poal : tive guaranty by Great Britain to de fend the neutrality of Belgium by ? force of arms, if necessary- None of Jthe powers which signed the Hague I treaties bound themselves to make i war on any nation which violated the ; principles laid down. Had such a pledge been included in the neutrality '. treatv, few, if any, nations would have 'signed it. Had that pledge been in ; eluded and had the nations signed it, jthe slightest infraction of its terms .would have required practically the f whole world to take part in the war. f Were the neutral nations to make war fon any belligerent which was accused Tor violating the treaties, they might find themselves called upon to make twar on all the belligerents, for each has accused orte or more of its antag onists of offenses against the rules of war. To state the effect of such a pledge is to prove its absurdity and its 5 impossibility. So far, we have only charges and .counter-charges to consider, and the verdict rendered is only the informal .verdict of public opinion. Before any -'nation not directly interested would 'be Justified In calling any of the bel ligerents to account, these charges ! would need to be investigated by an '.impartial tribunal, a verdict of guilty 'rendered and' satisfaction to the suf Sferers demanded and refused. This 'could not be done until the war was 'ended and would require that the Hague tribunal be given enlarged power and be backed by the combined force of the nations which adhere to it. i Great Britain's concern with the neutrality of Belgium is far different from that of the United States. She is not only pledged to maintain it by ! force, but she has a direct interest in 'doing so. Robert Blatchford in the London Daily Mail last August wrote: i The fact Is. we have stood by France and Belgium in this war because our national existence depended upon them. We are i righting In our own defence as actually and ', as InevitaDly as we should be had an enemy invaded Britain. In fact the Germans did ' Invade Britain when they attacked the j Belgian forts at Liege. i This is literally true. Germany in ivaded. Belgium not only because that was the shortest road to Paris, but because It was the shortest road to Calais, which she desires as the base Ifor an invasion of England. Great , Britain guaranteed the neutrality of Belgium not only from altruistic mo tives, but because she desired to pre vent any great power from using Bel gium as a base for a struggle to con trol the North Sea and the English Channel and for an invasion of Eng land. She had a vital interest, aside from moral obligaUon, in Belgian neu trality, while the United States has only a sentimental interest in upbuild ing a general principle of international IaThe United States does not look on .'with an amused smile" while the principle of neutrality is violated. The ' invasion of Belgium has had more in fluence than any other event of the war in inclining public opinion in the United. States to the side of the allies. The sufferings of Belgium have awak ened horrified sympatny in mis cui" try, and that sentiment has found ex pression in an outpouring or bounty to save Belgium from starvation. Aid rendered by the United States to Bel gium has been duly appreciated in every quarter excep in the mind of tir- correspondent. Not having seen the letter of a Har vard professor from which our corre spondent quotes, we can only surmise what he meant by the passage quoted. He probably meant that Great Britain has taken the leadership in upholding the sanctity of treaties by making that the ground for her participation in ;the war; also that Great' Britain is i-arrying the burden by keeping con trol of the sea and by furnishing money to her allies, as she did in IMS-la. We did nor scoff at Great Britain's failure to save Belgium. We pointed to that failure as evidence that Great Britain was in no position to reproach the United States for not joining in the quarrel when she. having given a pledge of military aid and having a vital interest in keeping that pledge, was unready. Great Britain is paying for her blind over-confidence, but in far less measure than Belgium pays. She may drive out the Germans and compel them to' compensate Belgium, but she cannot bring the dead to life nor undo the suffering endured nor replace all that has been destroyed. Hid she been ready, all this might have been prevented; in fact, the war itself might have been prevented. TlIK- STATE-W1DK CAMPfS. President Foster's article on "The State-Wide Campus" in the initial number of "School and Society" is pure gold. His point of view is indi cated well enough by his quiet men tion of intercollegiate athletics as "a hindrance to- healthful recreation," -han which nothing was ever nearer the truth. But what he really writes about is university extension as a duty and opportunity for the state univer sities, and we gather that he includes in this phrase the agricultural col - leges In some wise states the latter insti tutions are an integral part of the universities." in others, they hoe their own row, but in either case their work is of fundamental importance. President Foster refuses to think of extension work as "taking an exist ing university and spreading it thinly over a state." A performance of that sort would simply propagate superfi ciality, of which there is quite enough already in our education, university extension requires adequate funds. Tvithiir them it nresents one more example of humbug and buncombe and .is not by any means an- eoujius spectacle. Dr. Foster thinks that- "any state in the light of present experience could profitably spend ?luO,uuu a rr nntsldA Its old campus, the new campus being the entire territory of the state. The work to De aone is mMitifniii Smne of It is entertain ment, -he education of the people in the great and democratic art of being happy without being at the same time either wicked or silly. Social service nf this kind has been undertaken by such universities as those of Minne sota, Wisconsin and Iowa ,tp the lm- - I Z., ttao mense pront or. meir tuuiuiuuuto. . Another Dart of the extension work is the -illumination of politics. "In a. sense," says Dr. Foster, "the true uni versity cannot keep out of politics," because nowhere else is tnere so cry ing a need for the truth. The state university fulfills its mission wnen inculcates genuine democracy every-' where and always. "University ex tension is to be a new spirit, not a new department. The new university is to -be the old university made over," and, naturally, maae a goou deal better. FK OX THE LETTER BOOK OF BBTAJf. From the current report of the Phelan investigation into the Santo nmnlnrn scandal. The Oregonian res cues the following literary gem of purest ray serene: Now that you have arrived and have ac- i. with th. situation, can you let me know what positions you have at your disposal wurt wnicn to rowam - - ing Democrats? Whenever you desire a sug gestion from me in regard to a man for any place down there call on me. You have had enough experience In pol itics to know how valuable workers are when the campaign la on and how -difficult it is to find suitable rewards for the de- knowledge of the Spanish language is neces sary lor employes, i l me nuw ,na ' requisite, together with the salary, and when appointments are likely to be made. Tft ci en it rnt-v nf this srreat docu ment, which deserves an imperishable place in history alongside me Aran bold letters, is Honorable William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State. The date is August 30, 1913, and tne recipient was one Vick, receiver-general of customs for. Santo Domingo. The monumental activities of our distinguished Secretary of State have been marked by consistent thrift for himself and systematic job-hunting for his friends. He has scoured the world in his ceaseless efforts to find places for "deserving Democrats' TWmo u-nndprin? citizens who were puzzled to understand why Bryan de sired to be Secretary or State nave th,f, onawnr Thfl Accumulated politi cal obligations or sixteen unfruitful years had to be paid. GOLDEX WHEAT. Dollar and a half wheat is in sight; dollar and forty cent wheat is here. It Is a oheerirur reality for the firmer and for all who share In his prosper ity. It is basic that if the producer thrives, all industry prospers. If all other American producers were as woil nff as the erain-erower. actually and prospectively, there could be no, unemployed problem in the united .our goes up, too, but that is an in,.i,,ont ThprA is Tin wav to reaaiusi i ent. There is no way to reauj- economic equilibrium, so that .inttiiiti nrtcps stav down while for eign prices go up. strangely enougn. with wheat higher than ever thin eign prices go up. Strangely enough man's memory, we are doubtless ao e tn crive- more wheat and flour to Bel gium than we could have given in 1896, when wheat in Chicago touched the low level of 48 cents. by the ill winds blowing over war-torn Europe. The crop of 1915 will be the largest in history. The amount ex ported will be many million bushels more than ever. The proportion or Northwest wheat raised for export is normally greater than in any other part of the United States. It seems incredible that wheat-production may be overdone. The war is unhappily not near an apparent end; and it may be only in its iirst phase. But whether the war should end soon or late, it seems impossible that the armies should be mustered out, and the soldiers returned to pro ductive industry in time to sow and harvest a norfajl European crop. Wheat is King and will be. For tunate Oregon, Washington, Idaho. THE TERCENTENARY OF THE VlLr- t,iUM.-i. Prnionfa are already hatching in iusanf-hnKPits to celebrate the tercen tenary or the Landing or the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock. The breaking waves dashed high on that stern and rockhoiind coast in the year 1620, three days before Christmas, and it was then that the Mayflower dis charged her two or three million pas sengers. There must have bten at least two million to account tor an their lineal descendants. The plans to commemorate their deed are still in choate. The Massachusetts Legisla ture is reebly discussing them under the henevolent and cultured tutelage or the Boston Transcript. Some pro pose an exposition, but we do hope they will be turned down. Expositions are delightful in their way and -they have the great advantage or coniorm- ing to a fixed model which saves thought in the projectors. Jtsuc to toe public they already begin to grow a little riat and they will be flatter after the big effort at San Francisco. Tho Pilirrim Fathers, as Mrs. He- mans tells us so emphatically, did not cross the stormy Atlantic to seek bright jewels from the mine nor to acquire the wealth of seas or the spoils of war. They sought "freedom to worship God" and the dear old poetess gravely informs us tnat tney lnfr that freedom unstained." Not quite unstained, perhaps. We remem ber certain rather dark stains in con nection with heretical .Baptists ana ri.,nv.m hut iinon the whole they did as well as could be expected in their age. Not quite so wen as ine i-atnu-Ucs in- Maryland, -but still fairly well. We should, think, taking a retrospec tive view of the Pilgrims and what they came for, a series or pageants illustrating the evolution of freedom since their day would he highly appro priate to celebrate their tercentenary. Some such pageants with a little of that good poetry which New England used to Know now iu jii o dantls and that excellent music which . . . . ii ...... ,,a tn her Eawara jihu"'" uS.... expect, with a lew nitio uuy min. shaws in the way or oratory and other vaudeville stunts woum vviuyuoc wi admirable celebration to our mind, lul At anv rate let mere uo nu cAitucuiuu. - There Is merit in the town of lone. ht ,t hn.. been hidden. A visit or the State Railway Commission led to THE MORXIXG OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, JANUARY 16, 1915. promise of increased train service, which ia something the people ao not want. From an economic point of view they are right. One of the aver age small town's habits is to flock to the depot at train time. Twice a day Is enough for lone to spend in wasting time. Enough 13 enough. THE PETITIOX IS A FRAUD. Representative Olson's bilf to sub stitute filing fees for petitions in the nomination of candidates for office is a sensible one. The virtue in a candi date's petition is wholly theoretical. They mean absolutely nothing except that -eomeone has employed someone else to induce others to sign their names on a printed forrn The candidate's petition Is w-holly a commercial document. Anybody, no matter how obscure his past or how mediocre his known abilities, can buy one, all neatly filled out wun signa tures, on the same terms as the sub stantial, capable citizen. The petition system, moreover, breeds a class of casual workers who soon learn the wiles' and possibilities of a useless employment. They spec ulate by applying their energies to rei erendums or initiations for which there is no demand, but which may possibly be soldi out to and suppressed by some element whose welfare is menaced. Pi-sLf.tica.llv the only complaint against the direct primary that gains material recognition is its cost. l the candidate, instead of paying peti tion shovers. would deposit the equiv alent in the public treasury, the op portunity for the unilt to gam piaco on the ballot would not be extended and the state and counties would be partly reimbursed for the high cost of the long ballot, direct primary system. THE SPECIAL REFERENDUM ELECTION. The special referendum election is the logical ' outgrowth of the direct election system. True, it is an expen sive one, but that is an incurable fault in every extension of the people's power that has been adopted in Ore gon. The direct primary is costly. The expenses that accrue directly irom it would pay the salaries for. one year of all the officials finally elected. In itself the primary Is a- special election, or at least an election in addition to those formerly held. The recall is al most invariably invoked by the special election process. When initiated or referred measures go on the general election ballot, election costs are vastly increased. In computing the expense or a special referendum elec tion this factor should not be ignored. i thn referendum has operated in years preceding 1911, it has in many instances been obstructive or ponucat in inspiration. The Oregon system, by permitting the paid petition, encour ages such tactics. So long as It is possible, for example, for officials who have been legislated out of positions to hold up through a paid-for referen dum the bills abolishing their posi tions, some counter influence must be exerted- But notwithstanding its initial money cost, the special referendum election has an economic value. It promotes more intelligent considera tion or measures, ror there is not the competing interest in candidacies ror ffioo When the legislation attacked is needed or worthy it shortens twelve U - U - , 1 JLjlZ vlcIous or dangerous its menace jy iminated iu Tn-ott-o- certain to be eliminated nn war Brrfinpr than otherwise and ' fa hug arlier reHeVed of business Is tnu lot in the regular election is materially shortened. The law of the last session provia Ing for a special election contingent ironcral satisfaction. It would not have been less satisfactory if the Legislature had submitted at the same time the several amendments ior mhiii it cfnnrl' RDonsor. The same, or a similar, law -vyould. be a wise enact ment this year. STIIJ. STINTING THE NAVY. nomnrratic leaders in Congress pro pose to spend 134,000,000 on rivers and harbors, a large proportion of that Mim heintr nork. but they cannot spare money to add 18,000 men to the enlisted, force of tne rsavy, inougu that number is absolutely necessary to man all the ships we now nave. Without the men to -man the ships. the money spent on the snips is wasted. The General Board of the Navy, which reports what is absolutely nec essary to the naval defense of the country without regard to politics, says four battleships should be. provided this year. The House committee rec ommends two. The General Board recommends six teen destroyers. The committee rec ommends six. Tho nonoral Board recommends three seagoing submarines. The com mittee provides for one. Four scout cruisers are proposeu uy the General Board, but the committee nrovides for none. Senator Lodge says we have only three and they are slow to warn us of tne approacn or. a i,t;i. fiot to our 6000" miles of while Grpjit 'Britain has seventy- four,' Germany forty-one and Japan thirteen. , Only a limited number of our thirty available for general service; according to the General Board, and it asks ior iour, dui mo committee recommends none. tv-a noon two oil-fuel ships, but the committee gives none, though a ship's usefulness in war depends on its acu ity to move and it cannot move with out fuel. Our submarine and destroyer no tillas each need a tender, those we ho-irA hAinr Imrtrovised and either out dated or ill-fitted for the service, in the opinion of the General Board, but the committee provides none. f.mr ennnlv ishios are- all im provised, one has been discarded, an other "is approaching ner nmii oi use fulness" and the other two are "old and inadequately fitted-" One is being built and the General Board asks for another, but the committee recom mends none. The House committee has improved greatly on Secretary Daniels' recom mendations, for it has increased the number of coast defense submarines from six to sixteen, the number pro posed by the General Board, and it oiirarc thA trar. snort and the hospital ship asked by that body, but it refuses i Aon.c. ---- - the gunboat and the fuel-oil snip 1 .v. t... u. rtanlAltx recommended. elJuusu 1 l..... .-. by stopping the waste or large sums i i:ti..i .ffit A Mr. Lodsre savs: , ur i"--"' - - - - - "rt rff our needless Army posts. Navy-yards and stations. Lay aside ror a few years appropriations for public buildings and river and nar bor improvements where they are not needed. The excuse that we cannot afford to rtr-.ne- the Kaw ud to the standard-of strength and efficiency necessary to defeat any possible enemy is no ex cuse at all. An unsuccessTul derense is worse for the defeated than no de fense at all. It only enrages the en emy and provokes him to severity. It causes him to destroy cities, to levy contributions and to increase the amount of indemnity in proportion to the cost of overcoming resistance. Thus an insutticient Navy Is a double waste, for it not only fails to save us from invasion,- but it aggravates the consequences of invasion. The experi ence of Belgium proves this. The cost of an, insufficient Navy might as well be thrown into the ocean. New York is all roiled up over Billy Sunday's remarks, which have the sting of "twitting on facts." He says the city is "hell-ridden" and. "God defying," with a good deal more of the same sort. Applied tcj any other city, such epithets would be a little violent; but we hope Mr. Sunday will go through the dictionary and find some more scorchers which will realiy describe the lost condition of our metropolis. The doctors are pretty commonly of the opinion that American men are poor physical specimens. Dr. Eugene Fiske is out with a statement that this generation falls far below the mus cular and digestive standards of the nat Nn risiuht h is rieht. A visit to any gymnasium discloses an array of spherical abdomens and spinanng shanks which would look terribly out of place on the fighting line. Hugo Munsterberg announces the rediscovery of the soul in a magazine article. Mrs. Mallory's "Advance Thought" says "Love and spirituality will guide the destiny of the United sstatoa fltirfne- 1915." On all sides there are premonitions of a religious re vival. What kind of religion will it be? Are we to have a new fashion in creeds and ceremonies or something vital? It is axiomatic that a picture tells iiin storv better than prose ana the nroriosal to load the Oregon school system with a division of pictorial in struction may have merit. It will at least take the pupil's mind for awnne off some of the other trimmings, rroatinn of office of Public Defend cr- -nHil nrnvirln lobs for a few to coun unl nMinla inn Door to employ attor neys. Possibly tne plan nas niem, na-trAt.trtc.loQQ thA nerson unable T.0 nire a lawyer would better keep out of court. - what An the hovs of firty years ago ft,hHmr nn hntK Kirip.a and eating what they could get, think or the latest or der of "stuff by the allies .' xwenty four million cans of American mill. will make pudding in the trenches. tt to nnw TevBuled that Von Berch- tnlil W99 mint nrl. as Austrian Foreign Minister. Too bad they didn't oust the vicious little snip before he dropped the fatal match in tne niuropea.ii pow der room. mease resigned a few days before his term expired- To have made complete his grotesque career he should have left the South Carolina Statehouse by leaping from tne nag pole. A French statesman warned the French Parliament that cannon on the tMntr linn, not sneeches by stay-at- home statesmen, .must conduct the war. Cruel, cruel man. It develops that Bryan has been ,anAitif niitira.l npl-s to Central Amer ica. Does that explain his tremendous anxiety to put 25,000,000 into circu lation down that way? The proposition of sending Oregon's school children through, .the Panama Canal on the battleship Oregon is about as reasonable as the ambitions or some job seekers. Ex-State Printer Harris can produce figures to show a saving of J37.000. but if the state money goes into frills and fritters on commisiuim ij"" what's the use? Insurance Commissioner Ferguson iio. hAAn eiven formal notice to quit. Are there other West appointees sit ting on the ragged edge or aespairr Carranza issues a decree making it possible to procure absolute divorce in Mexico. Now if Mexico could only get such a divorce from Carranza! a rim after- a bath proved ratal .tih rcord. Which, will - our medical rriends please advise us, is to be avoided? Georgians or Jasper County lynched n-n famiiv Thursdav night. De tails are not given and are not needed. Although local peace advocates have organized and met, war was sun in progress at a late hour tnis morning. Vigilant orricers round a blind pig ,,or. a lunch counter at liiosier. At was not the animal that squealed. . . -, i -n 1 1 .... .J hatl a fltirrv nf At 11131. runiiwi" snow. As those know who got up ahead of tne nice origin uuuwiutci Germans are cutting down on their diet in order to rorestall being starved out. That is-the tjerman, spirit- , With the new State Board or Health on the job or course our death rate will drop to less than notmng. Mexico, says John Barrett, faces a period of evolution. t evolution, John; you left off a letter. Governor Withycombe ' can find much for the "good of the .service' without great effort Democratic cruisers In Salem waters are suffering heavily rrom submarine attacks. s That Italian earthquake proved al most half as destructive as a small battle. Wilson again criticised in Congress. Getting to be a ravorite rorm of diver sion. San Quentin and Folsom yesterday expedited two who deserved transla tion. The allies now race the most des perate struggle of their existence. Half a Century Ago. From The Oregonian, January 10. ISoS. The Oregonian recently published the proposed amendments to the constitu tion of the State of Oregon, adopted by the late Legislature, to be acted on again by the Assembly of lSt6, after wards to be voted on by the people at the next general election, and, it adopt ed by them, to become amendments to the constitution. Tbe first authorizes the Legislature to provide for the elec tion of Supreme and Circuit Judges In district classes; that is, instead of having a Supreme Bench composed of Circuit Judges, there would be a sep arate Supreme Bench. The second amendment provides that the salaries of the officers of the state may be in creased. The amendment would author ize the Legislature to fix the salaries. The third resolution has the effect to increase the length of the biennial sessions to 60 days and the pay of the Legislature Is raised to 34 a day in stead of $3, which is most manifestly insufficient to enable a man to attend the assembly unless he could afford to lose by the honorable occupation. From Salem it is reported that the treasures supposedly left by old Mr. Delany, who was murdered, have not been found yet. it is saia among tne gold left by Mr. Delany are coins abundant at an early day, zoo Slugs, eight-sided, and J5 beaver money coined at Oregon City in 1849, which are now very scarce. Professor Tost, at Sinsheimer's Music Store, is advertising the Germania Brass and Strinsr Band. The band is prepared to furnish music for concerts. excursions, Dans ana parties. a hnrKAhanir wAdrilner -took Tjlace re cently at Sherwood, 111., the1 contract ins parties being Josiah W. Crandall and Miss Helen B. Hurst. The bridal party were all on horseback. The three bridesmaids were Misses Fanny Hurst, Julia Shellenburg and Mary M. Thur ber. The novelty of the eoremony at tracted a big audience. A very neatly printed daily paper. The Evening Tribune, made its appear ance in Portland yesterday. The Trib une is published by Messrs. Van Cleve & Ward, Mr. Ward having charge of the editorial department. It is a Union organ. The co-partnership heretofore exist t n mm.t., jr. rn fniviiiA. Wash ington Territory, has been dissolved. Hi. jt-. mitn assuming itaumw collecting all debts due. The members of the partnership were H. Olmstead, J. S. Ruckel and E. F. Smith. Alfred Lee and Miss Nancy J. Laugh lin were married at the home of John Laughlin in Yamhill County December 22. ' " . RACIAL, FACTOR FELT I2T MEXICO Ethnical and Other Influences Argued for Consideration Also. PORTLAND, Jan. 13. (To the Edi tor.) The criticisms passed by several writers on the Mexican question lately seem to be well taken. The policy enunciated by Mr. Wilson last year is evidently bearing ill fruits. A people as ill constituted or assimilated as the Mexican cannot be composed in a day after any general turmoil or cata clysm such as has taken place there recently. They have too much in the blood to boil out. The trouble in Mex ico is more a question of race than any other, though there are other causes or difficulties. Commonly supposed or referred to as a Latin (Spanish) race, the Indian or aboriginal is really the most numer ous or basic element, and in fact through some of its Individual leaders or chieftains has played a great if not dominating part in the history of the country since the Invasion. Obscure or unknown In origin, they are called "Indians." though of a higher or more advanced type than the Northern or American Indians. They retain many of their primal habits or customs, though easily assimilable under cer tain conditions. They will heed a government adapted to their peculiar qualities or conditions. This would in dicate a kind of government in- force among them at the time of the mission, U e., that of the Aztecs, or Montezu ma, modified, perhaps, to meet tn changes or new conditions introduced among them by the Spanish invasion or inter-mixture which is, however, not as thorough or doep seated as of ten supposed. This foreign element Is said by some authorities to be decreas ing or dying out slowly through cli matic ethnic and perhaps other In fluences. J. TiLER. WITHTCOMBE'S AIMS ARK LAUDED Mew Governor Seta Worthy Precedent Thinks Grants Pn Man. GRANTS PASS. Or.. Jan. 14. (To the Editor.) Governor Withycombe estab lished a precedent., worthy to be ob served, not only 'by state legislators, but by all county and municipal au thorities, when be said: "The principle upon which we should act when state money is concerned is the same as if that money were our own." Attention to this principle, and the spirit of the message, will have a wholesome influence on every depart ment of public service. Too many laws are enacted merely to please a selfish constituency which the legislator feels in duty bound to support. If the in terested parties continue to gain place as they have for the last few sessions, oppressive taxation will discourage en terprise in spite of the determined pro gressive Oregon spirit jjtjlbERT. Salmon Protection Advocated. CELILO. Or., Jan. 11. (To the Edi- . . T -t-v. n,ovnntnn .Tanuarv 10 I lOr. IH x wx; o " - - notice where you advocate the protec tion of the young and, among others, the Columbia River salmon, which is ,. , ,a rihiTiA- industry. ail jmpoi lilll u l-w i.". ' " - e, If the spawning beds where the salmon , a allnnra mil(-ll come to spawn jetiiij am longer to be seined above tidewater, as has been done by greedy fishermen for the past 15 or 20. years, the salmon In the Columbia River will become as scarce as the buffalo are on the plains : T mnrA thtlTI nlfftd tO Sfie luuay. x vtoa - i you advocate the very thing that, and that alone, win protect ujo m." in dustry, which Is to protect the young by stopping the ubo of seines above tidewater, where each Fall from six to eight lncnes aeep m autuai euuuuu spawn is walked over by seiners in several seining grounds above tlde dater. I. H. TAFFE. Knm-qnat, Not "Gnm-quot." PORTLAND, Jan. 15. (To the Edi tor ) Apropos of your correspondent's inquiry about the word "gum-quat," re fer to cum-quat, cum-quot, or Kum quat, a word of Chinese origin, sig nifying a small species of orange. YOURS FOR THE DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. Kum-quat, Webster's International Dictionary says, is a Chinese citrous fruit extensively cultivated in Japan, Florida and California, also in English glasshouses. It is of small size, round or oblong-in shape, and has a sweet rind and acid pulp, and is chiefly used for making preserves and confection ery. This Is probably what the Rainier In quirer meant instead of "gum-quat." Argentina Land Laws. COTTAGE GROVE, Or., Jan. 14. (To the Editor.) Can you advise me where to get information regarding the op portunities for homesteading in Ar gentina, South America: nature of land ooen to entry and laws pertaining thereto. J L. ANDERSON. Write to Pan-American Union. Sev enteenth street, .Washington, D. C. LIST DANCER PAY THE FIDDLER Automobile Owner Says Higher License Would Aid Uewd Roada. nnOTT v-n T IE (Tn thA Edl- runiuAititi .an. xv. x . v i . . . . i . .... it ii m 1 or tur. oeiier ruaui ivi v..e --. should be, the" slogan of every cltlaen and taxpayer in the state. Millions of dollars must De -spent on - -might call the commercial or farmers roads, particularly in the Willamette Valley, where conditions are deplor able. An estimate of 5000 per mile for , ,i .a ....t.tith nf this sum per year for maintenance would not bei unreasoraole ana tnese aniuu..i ....ii , j i, .. . v, .- milf-a of road llLtiiCU. -'I" J 1 11 .1 . w. In the state would figure out a stag- . i i..:. ,n ,Ka unnl. gering sum. in auuitiuu w ... i.i i- . v. a hAiilv,rfl and III t I 1 til 1 u mi o ni, . ii i u - highways already surveyed, the con struction ot wnicn win cum nj .......- the above estimated. This vast ex- - V. Kn-nA hw thA tUDlVtr PUIIOO UIUH. I-- UW1 ..9 " J sooner or later, and the half-mill tax now advocated is timeiy. v. . v.- ,1 ... 1 1 , ,t t v. a , thA InrreaB- Xt III UH . UD H1.11111.1.1-1A - . - ing use of the automobile is responsible for tne growing agitation mi roads; also for the agitation for an extension of the boulevard system; also for the agitation that the tax payer foot the bilL Nothing has ap peared in the local press Indicating that the owners of automobiles are agitating a law to increase the license fee on all motor vehicles, thereby add ing their mite to the road fund. It is well known that after deducting the expense of the automobile department at Salem and providing for the ex pensive system of annual license tags there is little left for road improve ment out of the 3 and $6 feea now charged. I have before me the sched ule of license fees paid by motor ve hicles in Great Britain, where "roads are roads." Motorcycles, 5; not ex ceeding 12 horsepower, 1B; not ex ceeding 26 norsepower, ov. urn ceeding 40 horsepower, 50; not ex ceeding 60 horsepower, $100; exceed ing 0 horsepower, $200. . . . i .. i . . i iiami fA,i f-hArfrerl In were iiaii -- ' . , Oregon it would add thousands of dol lars to tne roaa iunu, a.... . i . i ,.t t ii thA lnrmS(!d tax. wno vi ijuin " i'-i - - after figuring the amount of money already spent, oy tne nii""i In improving our streets and highways for the pleasure and convenience of motor traffic, would be "small" Indeed. , .nn. nnv the fiddler, in in,..t ThA tAxnaver Is doing narv At 1 1-" . i - - - - - more than his share: let us contribute a little more while DoosnnB roads. auiuuo".i .t.-x..- SHOULD WE HAVE AIDED BELGIUM Hague Treaty U Held to Have Bound i ..itAri States to Intervene. PORTLAND, Or., Jan. 14. (To the Editor.) Regarding your editorial in yesterday's paper entitled "Our Attl" tude Toward me ni, ....e,..w - you two or three questions? 1 This paragraph appears in It: "The United States declared its ad herence to the general principle that .the territory of neutrals Bhould be held sacred." What does such a declaration amount to if the United States sits with arms and legs folded, and with an amused smile looks on, wnue tne se-ureu v ciple ts being trampled under foot, and the neutral territory violated and 2 If two nations sign and seal a . - . ., . .. .....ifnrpnfl (such, for certain uij . - instance, as The Hague), pledging thereby their honor to see, or try to see, that the articles ot ui or conference snail uo omtuj served, and when some of these ar . . . v. r nr, Vi,. another nation tlCieS BIO m U m-i' -J 3 - . . u t.rt ti h 1 1 mi m tries, and one ox mcDo ... . : . u fails, to punish the offender, and the AthAr rtnen not try at a". I" am.w , .,. i-rurllt nr the less dia QOCH IIJO tS I i - ifi i i t n in nrhAr words. IS creait ueiuus i ... - it not better to have tried and failed than never to have tnea at an. i . u n . i -i r nf thA fol 3 wnut ia mo ,i.i.....i --- - lowing, taken from a letter written to the London Times ny a ni... ni-nfcxMor. and published therein on November 7. last? "Again, as so often before, the leadership of the world is In the hands of Great Britain . . Great Britain is really carrying the burden for us all." 4 Are you not a little too previous in your scoffing at Great Britain's failure to save Belgium? The war has not ended yet. and until the treaty or peace is slsned and all is settled we do not know that Belgium has lost her independence and that she will not get an Indemnity so large as to make good all she has lost except the lives. BH1TOM. Ford Profit-Sharing rlan. HOOD RIVER. Or.. Jan. 14. (To the Editor.) What does Mr. Ford pay the men that work out at the Portland plant on Division street? What hours do they work? How much money per man did that dividend make when he rave the men a per cent of profits. e A SUBSCRIBER. Every man In the Ford plant at East Eleventh and Division streets gets S3 a day or more. Machinist and experts get according to their positions and efficiency. Oilers and common labor ers get J5 If they are more than 22 years of age, regardless of experience or length of employment, although six months is the minimum. Office boy and junior apprentices get J3.50 up. Women clerks get as high as 120 per month. At the main factory the employes work eight hours, but at the branch plants nine hours is generally the schedule. When Mr. Ford decided on his profit sharing plan he set aside $10,000,000 for apportionment among the employes. A personal letter addressed to the Ford plant In Portland doubtless would bring detailed information. Subscriptions to Publication. PORTLAND. Jan. 12. (To the Edi tor.) I subscribed for a m igazlne for a year, paying in advance. The maga zine continued coming for two years af-.er my subscription had expired. 1 thought they sent it to keep their sub scription list larger. One day I men tioned to the mail man that I wished they would stop sending It and he said for me to refuse to accept it, which I did. Can they collect or force me to nay for the time I had not subscribed for it. PAUL C. STEPTON. CORBETT, Or.. Jan. 12. (To the Edi tor.) Having paid a subscription to a paper and they continue sending same after date of subscription has expired, can the publishers collect payment? Also is it necessary for subscriber to notify them to discontinue paper? A, H. BUTLER. If the paper is taken from the post office, the publishers can collect for the subscription. It is necessary to notify the publish ers to discontinue the subscription, or to tell the postmaster you do not want the paper delivered. So. MARSHFIELD, Or., Jan. 13. (To the Editor.) I notice that quite a number of couples go from Portland, and other parts of Oregon, to Vancouver, Wash., to get married. It is quite evident that some of them go to avoid having to comply with the Oregon statute. Is there any question as to the valid ity of such marriages? S. B. CATHCART. The Theater aa a Text. Baltimore American. "Where did you go in the theater, Mrs. Comeup?" "We sat in the mezzo tint boxes, but the girl, preferred .eat. in the parokeet" Twenty-Five Years Ago. From The Oregonian. January 1, 10. Washington. It ecema practically certain that C. H. Hanford. of Seattle, is to be the District Judge of Wash ington. The Prenldent has alunlflcd his own preference Judge Calklna. but he apparently has no real objec tion to the choice of Senators Aln and Squire. Tacoma. A mortgage riven to Pres ident Harrlaon on two lota In this city has been filed here. The amount lent by the President is $::('. Washington. Representative Her. mann has been watching with great deal of Interest the debate on the Sll cott defalcation. He wants to get hold of that f 2800 back salary which Sllcott took. rne annual mrrunn vi m ........ noiders ot tne rvonn imwu iiiim.il Association was held Tuesday evening. The stOCKnoiaers voiea uinr ,n..n for the able work done by Frank le kum and the following board of dlrec- 1 . ... T ..... V V- tors was eieriea. . - Allen. F. Bickel, Herbert Uradley. h. Dckum. R. L Durham, R. 1". Karhart, O H. Durham. J. W. Hill, K. O. Hughes. K. J. Jeffery, William Kapus, K. A. King, Van B. LeLashmutt, Charles K. Ladd, F. J. Alex Mayer. Henry L Plt tock, Thomas Richardson, F. A. h. Starr, L Samuel. D. S. TuthlU, George H. Williams, John A. Honeyman. John . . . 1 1 T V. . . n n 1'tlTlk Donneroerg-. - ......-- McDermott and L Q. Tfunder. x St Paul. The Northern Tarlflo wilt inaugurate the system now In vogue In Chicago of checking baggage from the residence. nr.iron City. H. K. Cross, C. O. T. Williams and J. T. Apperson were ap pointed a committee by the Board of rrA u.i night to Investigate the proposition of lortland Interests to erect a cannery here. Oregon has some Inventive .enlis among her citizens. Louis nfKrnnl,l of Pendleton, inventor of the rotan snow plow, has turned his attention to another invention and has secured a patent on a combined rotary land plow and harrow. C H. Mclsaao and Edna M Wray have been granted a license to wed. Buchtell & Mall and David G'onc" ve.terday purchased the Gates tract on Thirty-first and K streets. Last J Port land, for $23,000. The new propose to improve the property and place it on the market In lots. Walter Damrosch. who Is engaged to Margaret Blaine, is a popular '"P and has tact and sagacity to aid hi. vouth. and distinction of appearance to make him a social as well as a pro fessional force. He Is to ha i charge va ereat new hall C arneK " build ng.n New York and ha. bee,, taken to that millionaire's heart with enthusiasm. Dr McKay, the well-known Indian War' scout, will address the Oregon Alpine Club at the next meeting. Marie Corelir. Addreaa. PORTLAND. Jan. 14. (To h l.1; tor)What is the -"ess of Marie Corelli? feUBSCRIBKlv. Marie Corelli ha. maintained a home in London. Her American publisher.. George IL Doran Company. 8 West Thirty-second street New York City, will give you her piesent aonress. Special Features in The Sunday Oregonian Tomorrow . Famous Battleship Oregon. Attention again is focuKcd on the battleship Oregon, the most noted fighter in the American Navy- Another chapter in her eventful history will be written when she heads the parade of the fleet through the Panama Canal. A thrilling narrative of the Ore gon's proud record. - Denny Art Collection. Mrs. O. N. Denny, of Portland, owns one of the finest collections of Qhinese and Korean art and an tique objects in the world. It was assembled by the lute Judge Denny while he was American Consul in the Orient. An attractively illus trated article. Winter in the War Zone. Xavicr Sager contributes anoth er series of notes on the European war, written at tho front. . They give the close-view, human-interest side of the conflict Bnd the fight ers. More of Sagcr's excellent sketches. Russia's Grim Fighters. The Cossacks are the terror of a large area in the eastern the ater of war. Their life on the grass-grown steppes of Russia, their manner of fighting and loy alty to their ruler are described in an interesting article. Warfare Against Germs. Bacteriology is ploying an im portant part in the great European conflict. Never before have skill and resourcefulness of medical sci ence been tested as now. An American Woman at the Front. Nursing soldiers just behind the firing line. With her husband she has established a dressing station in the battle zone. Sir John Jellicoe. How many Americans know of Jellicoe? He is the Admiral in command of the British home fleet. It was he who last year showed how the shores of England could be bombarded. Page for the Little Ones. Stories poems, puzzles and pic tures will afford juvenile rtfadcrs entertainment for several jolly hours. Many Other Features. Numerous other good things are in store for readers of The Orego nian tomorrow. Among them are another Dolly Dip Pge, a full page color drawing, "Tho Messen ger of Hope," and the popular comics, including "Old Doc Yak" and "Polly and Her Talx." Order Today.