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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 26, 1914)
THIS MOHNTXCr OREGONTAIf, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1914. SOUTHERN FARMER HELPED BY JOHN D. Education Board Reports Pri ' mary Need Is Abolishment of Rural Poverty. PEOPLE EARNING LITTLE Failure to Support Good Homes and Schools Due to Iiack of Resources, Xot of Interest Demonstra tion Work Valuable. NEW YORK, Dec 25. Efforts made to promote education In the Southern States are summarized in the sixth In stallment of the report of the General Education Board founded by John D. Rockefeller, made public tonight. It soon became clear, according to the re port, that adequate development could not take place until the available re sources of the people were enlarged. "These conditions were not primarily due to lack of interest in popular edu cation," the report continues. "They were mainly the result of rural pov erty. While the average annual earn ings of individuals engaged in agricul ture in Iowa were upward of $1000, the average earnings of those similarly en eraged in some of the Southern States were as low as" J150. The great bulk of the people of the Southern States were simply not earning enough to provide proper homes and to support Brood schools." Southern Farmer Lack Money. The Southern farmer suffered pri marily from lack of money, the report Cays. He also lacked scientific knowl edge of farming, and the board there fore proceeded on the theory that If he could be helped in this direction be would gladly support better schools. The board decided to work in con junction with the Government. "The co-operation of the General Education Board," the report contin ued, "brought about an immediate and rapid expansion of the demonstration movement in every direction; it con quered new territory, dealt with a rap Idly Increasing number of activities and touched more people. "In 1906, 645 farms were reached; a year later 2834; in 1908 something over 14,000; In 1910, 63,622; In 1912, 106,621. Twenty-five thousand adults were at the last named date receiving Instruc tions in Texas; more than 15,000 in Oklahoma; more than 15,000 in Arkan sas; 10,500 in Alabama, and 6190 in Mississippi. People Now Aiding- Work. "The initial appropriation of the board in 1905 was $7000. Ihe board ap propriated $30,000 the next year, $76,000 two years later. $130,000 in 1911, and $252,000 In 1913." In summarizing the total cost of the Southern work up to date, the report says that the Government appropriated $1,322,300 and the General Education Hoard $925,750. while $1,069,405 was obtained from other sources. The board says that its policy has been vindicated by the fact that the Southern people themselves In less than a decade were paying almost 50 per cent of the total annual expenditure, approaching $1,200,000. "Fortunately " the report concludes, "the value of demonstration has been so clear that the Federal Government will now take over and extend purely educational farm demonstrations. Suc cess has dissipated the constitutional scruple that for the last 10 years has restricted Governmental activities in this direction in plague-infested states." ASHLAND VIES IN CHARITY Churches, Clubs and Individuals Aid f In Cheering: Needy, i ASHLAND, Or., Dec 25. (Special.) Hard times served to accentuate the degree of Christmas relief measures afforded the needy here. Lodges, churches, clubs and private persons vied with each other in good deeds. The Elks donated $50 to the Sunshine So ciety and the Shriners followed suit. The Elks then went one better and pledged an additional $50 to the Bel gian relief funds, which are handled by the Commercial Club. The Elks took possession of the Vining Theater on Christmas eve, deco rated the premises in keeping with the holiday season and presented every needy child in town, under 12 years of age, with a Christmas gift in addition to affording an appropriate setting by the way of a movie exhibition in behalf of the little folks. In the meanrae the Sunshine Society Instituted a sys tematic canvass and left in its wake donations of substantial comforts to a goodly number. VANCOUVER CHEER FOR ALL Charitable Bodies Miss Few or Xo . Needy Families. VANCOUVER, Wash.. Dec 25. (Spe cial.) If any needy family in Vancou ver today was not happy and had no Christmas dinner. It was because they had not been found by the United Re lief Association and several other char itable organizations. The Salvation Army served a large number with Christmas baskets, the women Elks provided toys for a Christ mas tree for the poor tonight and mem bers of the United Relief Association, with a big organization, had automo biles running most of the day distrib uting food, clothing and fuel. TWO NEW WAR PICTURES FROM SEAT OF WAR IN EUROPE. i f 1 c '' ' " . & nS, f"9?S? .... - L .,,....w, mi i T,OTn,mn. ...inmr i.-.i :. j'. " ' w.t jut . - r ' .v- 1 S ' X7' ji W Top German Officers Who Have Wo n Ilepntatlonji for Thenuielvea In Northeni Bflxinm. ' Small Man In Center la General Von Kmmlrb, Conqueror of L4eire and German Govrrnor-drnrral of Belglnm. On Ills lcft la Dnke of BraunacnnelE! Son-tn-Lair of Kaiser Wllkelm. Lsrrer Photo Skom German Gnn Screened by Heavy PoUatce Trying; to Dislodge a Belsrian Battery la Northern Bela-lnm. which, for its Intellectual stimulation and for the Inspiration to action which It should give to the youth of Great Britain, deserves to be widely read, British authorities say. Mr. Harrison does not mince words in discussing the German policy. He scouts the idea that the war was made by a military party. Germany, he says, has cut her teeth on the religion of war, in expectation of the call of des tiny, and the whole -nation has been arming for the great "opportunity" for the conclusion with England and Eu rope which, "with God's help," was to elaborate the Greater Germany. Every German knew this, he says. "War was the idea, the religion, the state science of Germany, he writes. "Prior to the outbreak of war the idea was derided generally in this country that Germany entertained any evil thought toward Great Britain," Mr. Harrison says. "But the English must be less tolerant of the German expres sions of hate toward them since the war started. Germany will crush them if she gets the chance. They have not only to combat her armies in the field. They have to fight against German diplomatic treachery and every possi ble, surprise, aimed primarily at the overthrow of Britain. So intense has become the Germans hatred of the English that they will destroy them ruthlessly unless the British ruthlessly destroy their foes. The 'schoolboy spirit' and 'cheery-o attitude' of one of the responsible British officials may be magnificent; but it is not going to beat the Germans. Men are needed to do that," FAMINE ENFOLDS LILLE GERMANS HEPUSB POOD TO CON QUEUED CI XV, SAYS REPORT. NATIVES NOT AFRAID Only Question In Minds of British Is Removed. REMARKABLE DASH SHOWN ASSASSIN'S NAME NOT TOLD Greek Miner From Idaho, Shot in Seattle, Dies From Wound. SEATTLE, Wash., Dec. 25. Samuel Chukalas, a Greek miner, lately arrived from Idaho, and who was found lying in the southern part of the city last Tuesday suffering from a bullet wound, died at the city hospital last nlghtl When discovered Chukalas said he had been enticed into the woods by a stranger on the pretext of showing him some land and then shot. Before his death Chukalas admitted that he knew the man who shot him, but declined to tell his name, saying that he himself would take care of him when he got out of the hospital. ; WAR CALLED FOE'S PLOT British Writer Says Germany 'Has long Planned Conflict. LONDON, Dec. 25. 'It the allied firmiea fail to impose their will upon the Germans, the Germans will Impose theirs upon them. This is the pendant upon which Aus tin Harrison hangs the subject matter of bis new book. "The Kaiser s War," Invadlntr Commander Saya Bnrland Is to Blame and Kaiser Will Peed Only Hla Army and Subjects. PARIS, Dec. 25. (Special.) To many other horrors which the German inva sion has brought to the Inhabitants of Lille is now added that of famine. The citizens of the Northern fortress town, which has been in possession of Ger mans for some months, are now desti tute of food and fuel. The city has already paid an enormous war tax to the invader. Its textile industries have been ruined and. 1200 of its houses de stroyed. Charles Delsalle, the herolo Mayor of Lille, who has remained at his post throughout, in an eloquent letter re cently addressed to General von Heindrlch, the German commander, pleaded for relief for his starving fel low citizens. In his reply General von Heindrlch set out to show that If Lille women and children lacked bread, Eng land and not Germany was to blame. Germany herself, added the com mander of Lille, possessed sufficient re sources for her army and civilian pop ulation. England In attempting to pre vent the arrival of overseas produce, with a view of starving out Germany, was but inflicting suffering on the in habitants of the occupied towns of Prance and Belgium. The starving population would have to put up with the consequences, for the German gov ernment could not undertake the feed ing of French and Belgian civilians un der its jurisdiction as long as England closed the seas to the importation of foodstuffs. General von Heindrlch told the Mayor of Lille that he had better apply for assistance to the Swiss government, promising that the German govern ment would support the request to the utmost of its power. If the Mayor reius&a to seek help from the Swiss government, then, as far as the Ger man commandant of Lille was con cerned, the people of that city were free to starve. Wenatchee Pioneer Resident Dies). WENATCHEE, Wash., Dec 25. (Special.) Word was received here to day of the death in Seattle of Ellas Messerly, one of the oldest residents of this section. Ellas Messerly was one of the first men to cross the Cascades and locate in the Kittitas Valley. His native state was Ohio, and he was born December 24, 1843. He was married on November 4, 1876, to Sarah E. Houser, who still survives him. There are two children, a son, Alpheus, and a daugh ter. Mrs. George Lail. He also leaves a brother in Los Angeles and two sis ters in Ohio. Protection of Shelter Trenches at First Disdained, bnt Soldiers of India Now Bore Through Earth With Best of . Them. BOULOGNE, Dec. 12. (Correspond ence of the Associated Press.) The great endurance and fighting ability of the native troops from India who have come to take part for the first time In history in a war against white troops on European soil have astonished those against whom they have been pitted, as well as all the allied com manders except the British. The only question which arose in the British officer's mind was whether the Indian would be able to stand against artillery fire, to which they never had been subjected in the frontier wars. This has been answered in the affirma tive, and they have .proved as steady under shrapnel fire as the best of their white comrades - in - arms. Not only this, but the commanders of the allied armies aver that they show dash and fearlessness to a remarkable degree, and have on many ocaslons . displayed great initiative under the most diffi cult circumstances. Food Delicacies Not Appreciated. The civilian population makes much of them when the opportunity arises, but their discipline is strict, and this, added to the difficulties of language, prevents any possibility of their be coming spoiled. When they are wound ed or sick, however, the civilians pour showers of presents on them in the way of warm clothing. Delicacies for consumption are not appreciated, for many of the men are forbidden by the rules of their caste to touch food pre pared or offered by a, person of another sect. In a suburb of Boulogne, before the entrance of a great field covered with many regular rows of tents stood a bronze figure as still as a statue. It was a Sikh In his uniform of khaki guarding the sanatorium in which some hundreds of his slightly wounded or ailing comrades from the battlefield of Flanders were recuperating from the hardships of the campaign. These warriors from the Punjab and Bengal are their fellow soldiers. The little hardy Gurkhas and Porthans and Jats from the mountains on the Afghan frontier generally bear the variations of climate with the greatest fortitude. Ftehtfnfr In Trenches Learned. Just as well drilled and disciplined as the soldiers of any European power. they go into battle with the full assur ance that they will be victors. When they first went into action they disdained the protection of the shelter trenches and darted across the open at their opponents with their bayonets and knives, much to their cost. They have since learned, like all the other troops engaged in this war of rabbit warrens, to bore their way through the earth to get at their foes, and they have proved even more adept at this kind of fighting than their European comrades. WOUNDED MAN WANDERS Frenchman Rescued .After 15 Days Without Aid. HAVRE, Dec. 10. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) An account of how a wounded French soldier, who had wandered for 16 days between the two battle lines, with no food except raw vegetables, at last stumbled on his own troops in the dark, where he was rescued by a comrade, is told by a French infantryman at the front in a letter to bis parents at Havre. "I was one of a handful of men guarding a canal," he said, "with or ders to shoot anyone appearing on the other side. In the night. Just about dawn, I heard a sharp cry of "halt- It came from one of the sentries, who noticed a creeping figure Just across the canal. A voice came back, 'France! Don't shoot. I'm wounded.' "This kind of adventure had cost us dearly on many occasions, so we called our captain. While we kept the sil houette under the cover of our rifles, the captain put a number of questions. In reply, the man told us he was wounded 15 days -previously. Since then he had been wandering about, liv ing on the food growing in the fields, fearing both to run into the German lines and at the same time dreading to by shot by mistake in trying to find his way into the French lines. His wounds were such, he said, that he was unable to cross the ditch and he begged one of us to come over after him. "Was this a trap? we wondered. But the captain believed the man and asked for a volunteer for the rescue. To cross the canal meant exposure to the fire of the German outposts, for the sky was now clearing. We had In our company a postman from Normandy, named Guyot. Without a moment's hesitation, liuyot ran to the canal, crossed, took rne man on his- DacK and returned. " The wounded man suffered from five bullet holes, including a badly infected one in the leg. WILSON STAYS AT HOME CHRISTMAS DA.T PASSED fttTIETLY WITH FAMILY AT WHITE HOUSE. Many Officials With Gifts and GTeet- Inaa Honor President, Who Will Rest for Remainder of Weelc WASHINGTON, Deo. 25. President Wilson, in common with most of his Cabinet and other Government officials, passed Christmas day quietly at home with his family. The President did not leave the White House during the en tire day, much of his attention being given to his small grandnlece. Anne Cothran. for whom a splendid Christ mas tree had been arranged. Many of ficials called to leave presents and hol iday greetings. The White House Christmas dinner was served at 7 o'clock tonight. It was quite National in character, many of me aispaicnes Deing presents from ad mirers in all parts of the country. All of the President's near relatives were present, for it was the first Christmas dinner the Wilson family had eaten In the White House. Last year they passed the day at Pass Christian, Miss. The President will rest during the remainder of the week, to be prepared for the rush of business expected with the reassembling of Congress. He will celebrate his BSth birthday next Mon day. Secretary McAdoo and Mrs. McAdoo, the President's youngest daughter, will leave tomorrow for San Diego, Cal., where the Secretary will represent the President at the opening of the exposition. Mrs. Francis B. Sayre, his second daughter, plans to remain at the White House for at least a month. Place "Your Orders Early FOR THE Annual Edition of The Oregonian Every resident of Portland, the Columbia River Basin and Oregon should secure a copy of the New Year's Edition of The Oregonian. It should be the duty of every person interested in the welfare and devel opment of the state to send a copy of this great edition to each of his friends in other states. ITU! out blank form and send to Oregonian office, Sixth and Alder Sts. Name I Street I Town j State " inn i s DARING IS WOMAN'S FEAT Wife of Washington Rancher Risks Life to Escape Supposed Robbers. TACOMA. Wash., Dec. 25. Mistaking for burglars two officers who were try lng to force the door of her room Mrs. O. H. Cook, wife of a rancher of Coulee City, Wash., performed a feat of daring here in the early morning hours that astounded the police. Calling at the Carlton Hotel In search for a woman who had robbed Frank Call of J60, the officers thought the description given by the clerk of Mrs. Cook tallied with the woman sought. They went to her door on the fourth floor and admittance was refused them. When they forced their way in the woman was gone. The patrolmen in the street below found her leaning against a pole ex hausted. She had worked her way by ner nanas aown tne Dare face of a smooth brick wall to the coping of the third story, then down to the coping or tne second ana along this ten-inch ledge had walked SO feet to the fire escape, which she descended to the street. She was not the woman sought and her exploit, say the police, was one of the most remarkable of which they have heard. THE OREGONIAN, Portland, Oregon Gentlemen: Enclosed find , for which mail The Oregonian 's New Year's Annual to each of the above addresses. (Enclose 10c for each name.) Sent by ,t (Duplicate blanks may be had by. calling, telephoning or writing to The Oregonian Circulation Department) NANCY IS ISOLATED Strict Conditions Are Enforced on All Persons Alike. CITY IS DARK AT NIGHT People Apparently Are Satisfied and Confident, While Restanrants Are Enjoying Normal Pat ronage, Says Writer. NANCY, Dec 10. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) Strict condi tions obtain within the zone of military operations. No streets are lighted and all houses are closely shuttered so that not a gleam of Illumination may reach the outside. No traffic, afoot or awheel, is allowed between 8 o'clock at night and 5 o'clock in the morning. Sentinels with loaded rifles and fixed bayonets are posted at all exits to pre vent ingress or egress from the cities between sundown and sunrise. Rank is of no avail to pass even an officer through the lines. A personal permit of the staff, with full details. Is an absolute essential, and this, as well as the vehicle occupied, is sternly scrutinized at every post. The slightest Informality entails an appearance be fore the officer of the guard to whom the traveler is conducted under armed escort. Civilians experience almost insur mountable difficulties in obtaining Dasses to proceed from one district to another, and Intercourse Is virtually at a standstill. Even soldiers and non-commissioned officers, except when forming part ol the escort of the staff, are not per mitted to learn the position of the headquarters, usually far from the line of fire. Persons traveling in motor-cars are more closely watched than anyone else. At every bridge or railroad crossing they are brought up short by soldiers carrvinsr their fixed bayonets at the "charee." Despite all these restrictions, the peo ple seem contented and confident. In the afternoons the cafes and restaur ants are filled with customers in the same way as they are at ordinary times after the closing of the theaters. In Nancy, with its 150,000 population, the citizens have become accustomed to retire to bed at 9 o'clock or before and to rise correspondingly early. Gas has almost disappeared, owing to lack of coal, while oil is almost unobtain able and the candle of half a century ago has again become the common Il lumination. VIENNA SEEMS NORMAL ITEOPI.E NOT APATHETIC, BUT SEE NOTHING TO WORRY THEM. however, but a comfortable confidence that the worst is not to come and that there Is nothing to be worried about. CHANGE OF VENUE GRANTED Charge Against Sheriff Cresap to Be Tried in Vancouver. VANCOUVER, Wash.. Dec. 23. (Spe cial.) Ira Cresap, Sheriff of Clarke County; Dr. C. C. McCown and Richard Avann, charged with killing deer out of season in Skamania County, have ob tained a change cf venue from Ska mania to Clarke County. Judge Darch, of the Superior Court there, will come to Vancouver to hear the case, without Jury, during the term which begins January 12. Mr. Cresap was arrested by Coroner Limber on a warrant sworn out in Skamania County. lie had a permit to kill a deer for the Clarke County game warden's exhibit, and alleges he did not kill more than the one. FOOD HIGHER IN LONDON Advance Since August 1 Is 1 7 Per Cent, Against 16.4 in Berlin. LONDON. Dec. 15. (Correspondence .of the Associated Press.) The aver age change In retail food prices In London between August 1 and Decem ber 1 was an advance of about 17 per cent, according to the Board of Trade's official figures. In Berlin, according to the Prussian Official Statische cor respondent, the advance for the same period was 16.4 per cent The most marked advance in Lon don is in egg3, tea and fish, which in the past month rose 13, 12 and 6 per cent, respectively. MOUNT HOOD LODGE. Skiing and all Winter sports. Crisp, snowy air, splendid appetites, excellent food, American plan. Round trip fare, 30-day limit, J5. Information, tickets, reservations at O.-W. R, -Si N. city ticket office, Third and Washington. Marshall 4500, A 6121. Adv. iiiOiic SHIPS ASKED California Member Urges Pro tection of Pacific Coast. 16 SUBMARINES WANTED N War Entliiulasm Manifest, bnt Ab sence of Tonnar Men Wltb Money Affects Gaiety at Nlht. VIENNA, Nov. 20. (Special.) In an effort to learn the truth about Austria, a correspondent recently came here from Berlin expecting either to be in at the death and, perhaps, be an eye witness of the disintegration of the "tottering polyglot empire," or to find a mighty nation clad in shining armor only less shiny than that of its big mother. Germany, according as one had been looking through Anglo-Russian or Austro-German colored newspaper spec tacles. Neither was found. The first impres sion was that Vienna was probably the most puzzling war capital of Europe. Gay it certainly is not, nor even make believe gay, for while the opera, the theaters and cafes are still running full blast, practically all the younger men. including the bulk of the "spenders," are in the field, and men and money are the sine qua non of gaiety as of war. Apart from the far-famed "night life," however, everything looks normal on the surface. One would never sus pect that fighting was going on any where in the vicinity. No leather lunged newsboys shout extras; there are -no crowds around the newsboys; there is no war fever or even enthu siasm. The explanation of the puzzling psy chology of the Viennese is not apathy. One Death Escaped, Another Met. BOSTON, Dec. 25. After he had nar rowly escaped death last night in fighting a fire Thomas W. Devney, a fireman, was killed six hours later by falling through the sliding pole hole In his engine-house while walking in his sleep. He was one of 20 firemen who were slightly hurt when a floor fell during a fire on Pearl street early in the night. Eight Destroyers Instead ot Six and Vour Battleships, With Mine layer and Minesweeper on Stephens' Programme. WASHINGTON, Dec. 25. When the full membership of the House naval affairs committee meets next week to consider and determine a naval build ing programme for submission to the House, Representative Stephens, of Cal ifornia, a member of the committee, will Insist on an elaboration of the programme so as to meet what he re gards as the needs of the Pacific Coast. He has announced that he will move to increase the number of submarines to be authorized at this session of Con gress to 16 instead of the "eight or more" as recommended by Secretary Daniels, and that in place of the six torpedo-boat destroyers also recom mended by the Secretary he will in sist that the number be increased to eight. Representative Stephens added that while he does not Intend to take any Jingoistic attitude, he purposes to in sist that the number of battleships be Increased beyond the two recom mended by the Navy Department and that he believed there should be four battleships. This is in line with the recommendations of the general board of the Navy. Mr. Stephens will also contend for a provision for a mine layer and a mine sweeper, testimony before the committee having shown the Navy does not now possess them. The subcommittee on the naval ap propriation bill will meet again next Tuesday and the committee expects to have the measure under debate In the House the latter part Cjf January. Tests of blood pressure In various forma of faticue-have shown that brain workers are more really futleued than physical workers. Purity-Quality- Flavor aker's Cca Possesses Jill Three It is absolutely pure, it is of high quality, and its flavor is de licious. Guard against imita tions: the genuine has the trade-mark on the package and is MADE ONLY BY Bertstered V. . tat. OOM Walter Baker & Co. limited DORCHESTER, MASS. Established 1780