THE MORXIXG OREGOXIAN, SATURDAY. OCTOBER 17, 1914.
PORTLAND, OBEGOX.
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POKTLAND. SATURDAY, OCT., 17, 1914.
TS1ED AUD FOUND WANTING.
Those who imagine that the pro
posed abolition of the Oregon State
Senate would be a step of progress
must be ignorant of the history not
only of the states of the Union, but
of other democratic countries. This
Is true of the most recent movements
to organize democratic rule, whether
republics in name as well as in fact
or republics in fact under the forms
of monarchy.
The English Parliament met in one
chamber for about the first century
of its existence, but soon divided into
two and has so remained ever since.
During the revolutionary period of
the seventeenth century the House of
Lords was abolished ' and the Long
Parliament and its successor, the
"Barebones" Parliament, ruled with
such arbitrary tyranny, assuming such
executive and judicial as well as leg
islative power, that no man's life, lib
erty or property were safe. Agitation
to revive the second chamber resulted
and the proposal was indorsed by
Oliver Cromwell, who said to his
army officers:
"By the proceedings of this Parlia
ment you see they stand in need of a
check or balancing power."
An agreement was reached in 165 8
that Cromwell should appoint mem
bers of a second house, but many of
those he appointed refused to serv,
and the Commons, violating their
agreement, reopened the discussion.
Cromwell, in disgust, dissolved Parlia
ment and thereafter ruled alone
until his death. The Convention Par
liament, which met In 1660 and. re
called King Charles II, declared that
"the government Is and ought to be
by King, Lords and Commons." So
It has been in Great Britain ever
since, and those who, stirred by the
recent budget crisis, would abolish
rather than reform the upper house
are few.
Arguments against a two-chambered
legislature apply almost solely
to those upper houses in which mem
bership is hereditary or. by appoint
ment for life or for a long term and
which represent one or more priv
ileged classes. Such an upper house is
admittedly or in effect a protection
of the aristocracy or the wealthy
against popular attempts to destroy
privilege or to overtax wealth. But
the two-chamber legislature is ad
hered to not only by the more or less
autocratic monarchies of Russia and
Germany and Austria, but by the
democratic monarchies and by the
republics of both Europe an&America.
The recent changes in Europe have
been in the direction of strengthen
ing and popularizing, not of abolish
ing the upper house.
Italy in 1911 reformed its Senate.
This body formerly had. an unlimited
number of members, all appointed by
the King, but the number is now lim
ited to 350, of whom the King ap
points less than one-third, the rest
being elected by the universities. Sen
ators, deputies, provincial councils,
communal assemblies, former depu
ties, presidents of Chambers of Com
merce, agricultural associations, work.
ingmen's societies and heavy taxpay
ers. The- Netherlands has a second
chamber of fifty members elected by
the provincial estates from among
the largest taxpayers, but it is the
least powerful in Europe. It cannot
Initiate bills nor amend them: it can
only reject them. Sweden had four
houses, representing the four estates,
until 18 66, when it merged them in
two houses. Switzerland has an up
per house, the members of which are
directly elected to represent the can
tons as our Senators represent the
states, and it Is the only second cham
ber in Europe whose functions In no
way differ from those of the other
house. The mother republic of Eu
rope has the most powerful second
chamber. The monarchies of Europe
are gradually abandoning the heredi
tary principle of membership, some
turning to life appointments, some to
election in whole or in part. Even
in Russia half the members of the
Council of the Empire are elected in
directly by specified classes of people.
Norway is probably more demo
cratic than any monarchy in Europe
and has been claimed by advocates of
the uni-cameral system as an example
of the successful working of their
theory. In fact, it is an argument
against them. The Legislature as a
whole Is called the Storthing, all the
members of which are elected in the
fame manner and at the same time.
At its first meeting, however, the
Storthing selects one-fourth of Its
members to constitute the Lagthing,
the others composing the Odelsthing
The two houses thereafter sit and
act separately, but if the Lagthing
twice rejects a bill which has been
twice passed by the Odelsthing, they
meet together and vote together, a
two-thirds majority deciding the dis
pute. France twice tried a single cham
ber during revolutionary times. 'When
the States General met in three
houses in 1789, the Third Estate
forced the nobles and clergy to join
In a single national assembly. The
committee on constitution In 1T91 re
ported In favor of two chambers, but
the assembly, controlled by the Jac
obins, rejected this plan and in 1793
adopted a constitution establishing
one chamber, but this did not come
Into effect while the mob continued
the Reign of Terror. The Terrorists
were no sooner crushed than the bl
camera! plan was adopted by the
Directory. The uni-cameral experi
ment was repeated for only a short
time under the second republic of
184S. The present Senate Is pro
nounced superior In personnel to the
Chamber by Ives Guyot; it has sup
plied more statesmen to the republic.
A. L. Lowell says of It: "The Senate
does very valuable- work In correct
ing the over-hasty 'legislation of the
Chamber."
Greece is as democratic a monarchy
as any in Europe, but in 1911 it re
vived the second chamber after hav
ing done very ill without it since 18 65,
when it had been abolished. The
government was in constant Scurmoil
until it fell under the dictatorship of
the Military League, which compelled
the revision of the constitution in
1911 and then dissolved.
Most significant is the action of
the elf -governing British colonies In
the organization of their govern
ments. They have more closely ap
proximated to American ideals In
making their upper houses elective,
though the more representativ a
Senate the more firmly it holds out
against the will of a lower house. But
Australia and South Africa provided
means of breaking deadlocks rather
than submit to one-chamber rule.
The Australian colonies have been
particularly troubled by deadlocks be
tween the houses, yet in the Federal
Senate they have created the most
powerful upper house in the British
Empire by providing that its mem
bers be elected by the same franchise
as members of the lower house.
The single chamber has been tried
and found wanting in the United
states, in the f ederal Government it
failed miserably as the Continental
Congress and was abandoned when
the transition period ended. Among
the states Pennsylvania, Vermont and
Georgia tried it in the early days of
the republic, but all have adapted, two
chambers. Those who revive the
question are simply proposing to re
peat an experiment which has failed
and been given up the world over.
Second chambers have been found
to serve different purposes under dif
ferent forms of government. Under
the more autocratic monarchies they
constitute a bulwark of - class and
privilege. Under a Federal system,
whether monarchical or republican,
they represent the federated units.
Under a democracy, they are revising
bodies which repair the errors of
lower houses, they guard against
haste and passion and, through their
hold-over members they give the
benefit of experience. "' '
ONE-ARMED.
"If thy right hand offend cut it off
and cast it from thee," was the pow
erful figure of the apostle. In Oregon
the biblical admonition is taken liter
ally by some people. The state Sen
ate has not pleased a few citizens and
they propose to cut It off and cast it
out, leaving a one-armed body politic.
Yet universal experience is for the
bi-cameral system. The theory of
checks and balances has been demon
strated by long practice to be sound.
The abolishers are never pleased to
improve, but they would wholly over
throw and destroy.
The real remedy for better legisla
tion Is better legislators. That is the
kernel of the whole problem. Yet a
genuine effort, as in Multnomah
County, to procure the nomination of
high-class men for the Legislature in
attacked as a maneuver of machine
'politics.
A foundation stone of popular gov
ernment is the direct primary. If
through the primary worthy public
officials are not to be had, the state
loses. Are the men and the news
papers who attack the State Senate
willing to say that the direct primary
is a failure?
THE Pl'BI-IC ENEMY.
The Oregonlan seems to be running Mr.
Booth's campaign on the theory that any
shortcomings of Senator Chamberlain are a
credit to his opponent. In other words, it
is running Mr. Booth on the demerits of his
opponent. Salem Capital Journal.
The Democratic (fplsely self-named
independent) press of Oregon has an
undisputed monopoly of the cam
paign of detraction and defamation
to which the Senatorial campaign
has descended. The Oregonlan in
vites the Salem paper to reproduce,
from its columns any attack on Sen
ator Chamberlain for his alleged per
sonal shortcomings. But it will not
be denied that a Senator by the act
of asking re-election submits his pub
lic record for criticism and review.
The pages of The Oregonian's Dem
ocratic contemporaries are befouled
daily with the manufactured crea
tions of partisan and personal hatred,
all designed to show that Mr. Booth
is a dishonest man. He is not. He
is a clean and upright man who has
lived a straight and sober life, and
has done his full duty by his family,
his neighbors, his employes and the
public.
It is deplorable that in this enlight
ened state and in this day of the "up
lift," the man who by diligence, by
outright methods, and by superior
ability, creates a great industry, ben
eficial .to all the state, should be held
up as a public enemy.
EIGHT HOURS FOR THE LOGGER.
It is not difficult for the farmer to
figure out the disastrous effects upon
him of the adoption of the universal
eight-hour law. To the woman who
employs household help it is also a
simple problem. Those requiring
nursing can see a trebled expense in
that particular. But as to some work
men the menace is more indirect and
less readily observed. '
In the State of Washington, where
a similar law Is before the voters, Alex
Poison, a big logging operator, has
calculated the possible results to
workmen in the woods. In the mat
ter of cookhouse employes the neces
sity of engaging extra shifts for week
days and a third shift for Sundays
would raise the total cost in each of
his camps from J7.90 to 331.60 per
day.
Mr. Poison operates nine camps and
the extra cost for a year to be im
posed by this measure simply for feed
ing the employes would be $ 77,854.50.
It is plain from Mr. Poison's article
In the lloquiam Washingtonian that
he does not purpose to stand this ad
ditional expense himself If the law
passes.. He will raise the board of his
emDloves. Each of his 600 workmen
Lwill be requlrA to pay $2.50 more
board per week than they pay now
in order to make up the increased cost
of maintaining the cookhouses!'
Mr. Poison also estimates that the
decrease in 'working hours Imposed
by the law would compel a reduction
in wages of 60 cents per day. or $3.60
per week, and this, added to' the in
creased price for board, would make
the total loss to each employe In log
ging operation's $6.10 per week.
Are the Oregon loggers willing to
give up a dollar a day in order that
more loggers may be employed? It is
quite obvious that the present stand
ard of wages cannot be maintained in
the logging industry if the eight-hour
law passes. It will be impossible for
the operator to assume new burdens
and still compete with" the more
cheaply operated mills of British Co-
-lumbia, to which an otherwise demor
alized market has been opened by the
beneficent Democratic tariff.
OCR JIILITARY POTENCY.
Should Representative Gardner's
resolution for an Inquiry by Congress
into our military potency be put into
effect the result ought to prove more
or less of a shock to the. average pa
triotic. American, for, from a military
standpoint, it Is safe to say that we
are the most Impotent Nation in the
world. Certainly we do not compare
in strength with any of the first or
second-class powers, nor even with
Servia and the Balkan states. We not
only have no army of consequence,
but we have no means of organizing
one on short notice. r
If the great powers of Europe are
to disarm after the present conflict
and if the rule of universal peace Is
to be suddenly and unexpectedly
adopted by the whole world we shall
not need an army. We have gone
along without military prowess mainly
because we have not had to face a
competent foeman. But if, as would
seem to be the reasonable View, the
ancient and established international
tribunal of Might is to be continued
in this matter-of-fact world, then it
behooves us to check up occasionally
on our rifles, powder supply and
fighting men. If we are backing in
these, the supply should be brought
up to the demands of National safety.
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL, CONFERENCE.
.The Sunday School Conference
which is soon to begin in Portland
ought to effect a great deal of good.
Its main purpose, as we gather from
the announcements, is to promote
the efficiency of the Sunday schools.
In this direction there is room" for
much improvement. Everybody Is
aware that knowledge of the Scrip
tures is not nearly so common today
as it was fifty years ago. -College
students, in particular, are often dis
gracefully ignorant of the richness
and literary power of the English
Bible.
This supreme work of genius is pot
so much a translation from the He
brew as an original composition. The
so-called translators were really lit
erary geniuses who may not un
worthily be- compared with Shake
speaVe himself in capacity for ex
pression. Those who speak of our
vernacular Scriptures as a monument
of Hebrew genius are not wholly
correct. The turns of thought and
peculiarities of expression are often
more Anglo-Saxon than- Oriental.
There are other so-called "sacred
books" which treat the same themes
as the Bible and often express sim
ilar thoughts about them. But, read
them as devotedly as we may, they
do not take hold upon us. Their con
tents seem alien and remote. No
doubt the reason lies In the schol
arly chill of the translations.
The trend of modern Bible study Is
toward a rational and scientific view
of the Scriptures. It is sought to dis
cover the genuine fp.cts of Biblical
origins and history and teach them
frankly to the young. By such a can
did acceptance of scientific truth It is
believed by many that a reconcilia
tion can be effected between God in
nature and - God in literature. Cer
tainly such a reconciliation ought not
to be Impossible.
MR. EDISON AGAIN.
Mr. Edison's opinions are always
interesting. He is original and un
afraid. He does not feel bound to
express himself with orthodoxy upon
matters of science, religion or diet.
He sleeps after a manner of his own.
His meals are like nobody else's in
the world. His inventions are such
as others would like to have made if
they could.
Mr. Edison went to visit the Brook
lyn Navy-yard not long ago, with Sec
retary Daniels for his host and guide.
They went through a warship, a trip
which gave the great inventor novel
emotions, since Jt ws the fir3t man-of-war
he had seen. The great fight
ing vessel Interested him, but only
mildly. For the submarine which he
saw a little later he seems not to have
cared at all. He said his heart was
set' upon peaceful progress and the
advancement of human welfare, rath
er than upon fighting machines.
The officers tried to fix his- mind
upon the problem of aerating subma
rines. These vessels are subject to
all sorts of mishaps, particularly to
deprivation of fresh air. The elec
tric batteries which they employ are
themselves a source of danger, since
when sea water wets them they issue
chlorine gas, a deadly poison. -
Of course, fresh air means plenty
of oxygen. Mr. Edison believes that
this can be obtained directly from sea
water by a process like fishes" breath
ing. Fish breathe water, not air, but
in their gills there is a chemical ap
parafus which separates oxygen from
the water, and thus keeps their inter
nal fires alight. Mr. Edison's proj
ect Is to extract oxygen from sea
water for the use of submarines by
a chem-teal apparatus not unlike
fishes" gills, and thus keep them al
ways replenished witt; good breath
ing material. He merely suggested
the project. He does not intend to
work it out, because it would help on
the cause of militarism, for which he
has no love.
No really great man wants to help
fix warfare upon the world forever..
Mr. Edison finds use for all his, fac
ulties in promoting the Industries of
peace." Would that every other . in
ventor were of the same disposition.
GOSSIP ABOCT THE POETS.
. The literary magazines are pub
lishing some entertaining gossip about
Browning and Swinburne, which of
course never goes very far without
bringing in Tennyson. Of the three
contemporaries, very likely Swinburne
was the best pott, though he is not
nearly so much adored as the 'others,
certainly not In this country. Tenny
son was once a popular idol here, and
his fame still shines, though with
waning splendor. His sentimentality
is a little too saccharine for the npw
age, which inclines to stern realities.
Browning clubs continue to worship
their divinity with an elaborate
ritual, but outside their consecrated
precincts we do .not believe that"the
husband of Elizabeth Barrett Is ex
tensively read in the United States.
Swinburne handles greater themes
than either of the others. He Is free
from mawkishness, and contrives to
make himself clear to the reader, a
trick which Browning could turn only
now and then. Tennyson is' usually
clear enough, but unhappily his
thought is apt to be a little shallow.
Swinburne has as wonderful a com
mand of rhythm as Beethoven, and,
like, that great master of harmonious
expression, he was deaf. A writer
who knew him says that he used to
go about London looking more like a
seedy waiter thana great poet. Since
when, by the way, 'have poets pre
sented an aspect of luxury? Isn't the
typical son of song at least as seedy
as the typical waiter? At any rate,
such was Swinburne's habitual ap
pearance. He wore an ancient black
coat which did not fit him, a black
tie ' with frayed edgA and a turn
down collar which commonly needed
laundering. In spite of his disrep
utable attire, he managed to demean
himself with courtly grace, and In
this again he resembled a -well-trained
waiter.
Swinburne's deafness did not make
him shy or self-conscious. He bore
with sweet resignation that worst af
fliction of the deaf the efforts of
their friends to make them hear by
seizing their wrists and screaming.
He tried to laugh at the proper places
during a conversation by watching a
speaker's lips and eyes. For the most
part he succeeded quite as well as
ordinary auditors. ,
The country editor Is receiving very
good advice at the meeting in Ore
gon City of the state association,
which he will find hard 'to follow un
less modified to fit conditions. The
great bugbear is the man who would
put one over without pay.
Ohio's new constitution forbids the
Supreme Court to find a legislative
act "unconstitutional" unless six out
of the seven judges concur. As a bul
wark against the recall of judges this
measure is. expected to effect wonders.
What's the matter with rftat Win
nebago graduate of Yale who made a
plea at Lake Mohonk, yesterday' for
higher education of - the Indian?
Aren't they in the big leagues and
football elevens now?
The moment the salary rule was
relaxed. Representative Lafferty
headed "homeward" to re-enter the
campaign. This Is the answer to" his
recent claim that sense of duty called
him to Washington.
An English art critic Is organizing
a movement to protect London's art
treasures from damage in Zeppelin
raids. Had he sprung this Idea a year
ago they would have thrown him into
a padded cell.
What a shock it will be to the Dem
ocratic deficit-taxers if they discover
that the new taxes have diminished
the Income tax to such an extent that
there will still be a deficit.
With the Republicans united In an
overwhelming Republican state, and
the handful of Democrats divided, the
prospect for fresh donkey forage No
vember 3 is very slender.
If a neutral zone should be estab
lished on the Mexico-Arizona bof&er
some enterprising Arizona prospector
might profitably locate it as a lead
mine a few weeks hence.-
The founder of a big Eastern mail
order house left a fortune of $17,000,
000, which Is more than all the coun
try storekeepers would leave if they
died simultaneously.
However, it is not improbable that
the British militarists are helping
spread the scare for obvious reasons.
That is an ancient military game.
Hqw bootless is the Anglo-German
wrangle about Belgium when they
have already, submitted the question
to the arbitrament of war.
More than $30,000 has been pruned
from the city budget. Let the good
work go on, but avoid being penny-
wise and pound-foolish.
Another landslide has stopped up
the Panama Canal. Which Is the first
we've heard of that great enterprise
for some months.
Defamation and vituperation in
place of an issue will not tide the
Democratic machine over the rocks
next month.
The Prussian government has only
1o ask for a war credit of $2,500,000,
000 to get It. That is the essence of
patriotism.
Chamberlain at La Grande says
this is not a campaign of personal
ities and then gives West the wire
less wink.
With French and German shells
falling on their territory, the Swiss
can appreciate the feelings of the Ari-
zonians.
- Russians and Germans both claim
victory. Then the. outcome should be
eminently satisfactory to ' all con
cerned.
Turkey says she must demobilize
because of financial stringency. Or,
perhaps, because of military cold feet.
The mingling of nations during the
many years of peace . has left many
possible spies in every country.
Russian girls are reported to be
digging trenches when they should
be at home digging potatoes.
There are tacks and broken glass
in the path of the Democratic ma-
china in Oregon.
Oregon has great advantage over a
cotton state. She can eat her sur
plus apple crop.
At present rate of progress the
British navy can stand submarining
for many years.
It is the British submarines' turn
to make a hit and even uny the score.
When Boer meets Bjoer In South Af
rica then will come the tug of war.
London Is now having fifty-seven
varieties of chills and fevers.
The Germans may be swimming
th straits some dark night.
England now has visions of the
Teuton peril come true.
By and by Italy will pull down a
few Austrian plums.
- Maybe, the Germans will pontoon
the channel.
Register today, if It takes you all
day.
Register today, or lose your vote!
Good football weather.
TAX IS FOR FOREIGNER'S BESEPIT
I
Attempt la to Hide DtsHfrade Killures
Behind Eanpcas M'sr.
SEATTLE. Oct. IS. (To the Editor.)
History repeats. It is worth while
to note the remarkable similarity of
the effects produced by the present free
trade revenue law with those produced
by the Wilson-Gorman law of the
Cleveland administration.
During the first year of the Wilson-
Gorman law the imports of foreign
products amounted to $107,000,000. while
during the preceding year under the
McKinley law the imports of the same
products amounted to but $51,000,000.
By that legislation the farmers were
robbed of $16,000,000 of their home mar
ket in one year.
During the last year of the McKinley
law the importation of hides amounted
to 910.000.uu0. Ouring the same period
under the Wilson-Gorman law they
were $:-, 000, 000, a loss to American
trfrde of $14,000,000.
Under the McKinley law the Imports
of wool were $6,000,000. The first
yearfcof the Wilson-Gorman law they
were $32,000,000. a loss of $26,000,000 in
twelve-month. These showings af
fect farm products only.
Turn to the sphere or manufactured
goods. The imports of woolen goods
during the last year of the McKinley
law were less than $lT.ouu.ouo, while
the imports of the same goods the first
year of the Wilson-Gorman law were
above $57,000,000. Was the surrender
of this $40,000,000 of trade a benefit to
us?
Without particularizing I may say
that of the articles which were pro
duced in this country at that time
there were imported In one year under
the Wilson-Gorman law $91,000,000
more than during the preceding- year
under the McKinley law. Did the loss
of this $91,000,000 of the American
market operate as a benefit to the
American manufacturer and laborer and
farmer?
Again, during the last year of ths
McKinley tariff law we exported near
ly three times as many goods as were
exported during the last two years of
the Wilson-Gorman law. The result of
all these things was the utter demoral
ization of our home market- Heavy im
ports and low exports. A surrender of
our market to the foreigner.
The same thing and for the same rea
sons is occurring now. The Democrats
are endeavoring to hide the failure ot
their revenue scheme behind the Euro
pean war: but their revenue system had
failed before the war began. The dif
ficulty is not that we have not Im
ports enough but that we do not collect
revenue enough from the Imports. That
we are taxing ourselves for the benefit
of foreigners is daily becoming more
plain. When the United States took the
import tax off coffee Brazil levied an
import tax of an equal amount and the
price of coffee remained the same.
That 1 a fine system for Brazil.
If the foreigner were paying his just
share for the right to participate in our
markets in competition with our own
people there would be no occasion for
the war taxes that are now being
levied. J. R. McLAUGHLIN.
MORE I'ROSI'ERrni LESS POLITICS
Dr. Wlthyromhe Ideaa on I'pbulltUns;
Orrnon Are Rljrht.
La Grande Observer.
An election is near. The campaign
is on in earnest.
The main issue that of giving farm
legislation is lost sight of, and why?
- Because down in Oregon City a man
by the name of U'Ken is a part and
parcel of the Kels organization to put
over single tax in Oregon. U'Ren is
ably assisted by Editor Jackson, of the
Portland Journal. They know single
tax in its raw state will not carry.
In their craftiness they knew they
must befog the voter's mind.
The old issue that is used In every
state to attract public attention was
raised, -presumably with the hope that
it would get the front ot the stage
while U'Ren and Jackson put over the
fifteen hundred dollar exemption and
other measures of a single tax nature.
The whole game is to befog the public
mind; to raise a big smoke ao that can
didates and issues of their choice can
'slip'" in.
They are raising every political
corpse that Oregon has ever had; they
are flaunting every dissension before
the people in the hope of stampede
and chaos. .
But throughout their endeavor not a
single particle of legislation is prom
ised for the farmer and the farm lands.
For years farmers of Oregon have
been listening to the siren songs of
the politicians. There has been abso
lutely no uniformity of thought or ac
tion on the part of the friends of agri
culture and no plan of procedure.
Many of the .campaign promises now
being used by candidates would crip
ple agriculture if fulfilled, in fact,
destroy.it in this state.
Are the farmers and those in other
lines of business benefited by the
farmers, goingrrr continue in submis
sion to 'the befogging process which
invariably results in no legislation for
the agricultural classes, but instead
puts hordes of clerks on salaries and
creates numerous commissions?
This year the people have a chance
to vote for a man who will work for
the farms, first, last and all of the
time. If we are to have an- Oregon
that . bases its advancement on the
land (which is the only correct and
substantial industry to base it upon)
then we should all, regardless of po
litical party, vote for Withycombe the
man who believe in the possibilities of
the soil and who respects the farmer
to the extent that he will lay other
legislation aside for a while in order
that this state may go on record with
some constructive legislation that will
advance agriculture.
It Can't Be Explained.
PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) Will you please explain the bill
for an amendment on proportional rep
resentation, is os. 348 and 349? I have
not found any satisfactory statement
as to how all parties will -be renre-
sented. It seems that any body of
people may hang together and get a
representative in the Legislature, pro
vided they have enough votes.
R. B. BURKHARD.
Outside of Oregon competent theor
ists on proportional representation
agree that the plan proposed In the
Oregon amendment 34.3-349 will not
give true proportional representation.
It would not work the same way in
any two elections. The plan Drooosed
for this 'state would make it possible
for the minority parties (Socialist and
Prohibition) to nominate short Legis
lative tickets and obtain representation
ih the House out of all proportion to
their strength. Mr.. U'Ren and Mr.
Barzee, both pronounced advocates of
the measure admit that changes In the
primary law ,will be necessary to per
mit the proportional system to work
out properly, but they do not agree as
to what the change should be.
Notice to Tenants. .
MONROE. Or, Oct. 16. (To the
Editor.) Please tell me how long no
tice must be given before people rent
ing rooms can be forced to srive them
up and also how long notice must be
given before the rent can be raised?
SUBSCRIBER.
In each instance notice should be the
same length of time as the renting
period. That is, if one rents by the
month he should receive a month's
notioev if by the week, a week's no
tice. This is assuming that notice
to vacate Is not given because of fail
ure to pay rent.
MISTAKE OF ULY ea ,000,000 MADE
Senator Chamberlain's Apolosr for
"War T" ialte Inaccurate.
PORTLAND. Oct. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) In his Baker speech Senator
Chamberlain fell all over "the Wilson
policies" aa his main reliance for suc
cess in his campaign for re-election,
but he has lived so long in the Demo
cratic atrrmsphere surrounding him in
Washington that he has no conception
of the popular revolt against the de
structive work of the Democratic Con
gress under the direction of President
Wilson.
In his explanatory apology for the
levy of a $100,000,000 direct lax on the
people to recoup a deficit resulting
from the failure of the new tariff law.
the Senator aaid:
Engrafted In the bill was the first tneoms
tax bill that ever passed Congress, which
had the effect to levy upon the Incomes of
the rlcb and relieve tn burdens ot the poor,
to the extent of $100.000. ouo annually.
This is for home consumption, but
the fact Is that only $70,00J,000 was
fever expected from the income tax law
not-$100,000,000 as represented to the
people of Baker and another fact la
that the receipts from that source
were but $31."u'00.000. a loss of $39.
000.000. In order that the people of
Oregon may get the truth about the
actual working of the new tariff law
aa to taxing Incomes I will ask you
to print the following from the Con
gressional record of September 25:
Mr. Payne Mr Speaker, I yield five min
ute to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Fess.
Mr. Frao Mr. Speaker, on the 13d day of
April, 11J. when the Underwood bill was
presented, in ths argument by the proponent
of the bill, he read this statement and urged
the House to note Its meaning:
"In presenting this bin the commute Is
met with a threatened deficit in revenue
of about tl00.OU0.U0O. which it is compelled
to meet by extraordinary methods of tax-
n ueea neretorore only In time of war.
As a revenue measure the committee at the
very outset confess this bin to h a fniiur.
It would seem as if a party pledged to a
revenue tariff would strive to make ths
revenue feature conspicuous."
That a statement In the report of the
Republican minority in opposition to this
bill and quoted on the floor by ths gentle,
man from Alabama (Mr. Underwood), when
he presented his bill. Then he says In the
same idiircw on the same day:
"We will raise by the income tax. accord
ing to the estimates, JTo.uOO.OOO."
Yesterday the same gentleman In present
ing this measure now under consideration,
which he proposes to force adoption, an
nounced that the Income tax receipts were
$31.0iK),0O0. The estimate a year ago was
$70,000,000. upon which the bill was baaed,
and the actuar receipts were (31,000. 000, a
loss of $39,000,000.
Of course, the farce of the age is the
presumption that an income tax law
would form any basis for revenue
during the progress of a Democratic
National administration.
And the Senator even defended his
vote to give the country free wool,
assuring the woolgrowers that, "don't
you see, wool is higher now than it
has been for years?" Then what
benefit has resulted to anybody in re
vising the tariff on wool downwards?
It costs the manufacturer as much as
before, the consumer, of course, pays
as much for his clothing as formerly,
and on the 207,000.000 pounds of wool
that has been imported free of duty
the Government has not had a cent of
revenue, while under the former law
that amount would have produced $19,
000.000 for the National Treasury. And
who got that $19,000,000?
Oh. j-es. on with the "war tax" (In
a time of profound peace) to pay the
fiddler while we look on helplessly
st the reckless Democratic assault on
the workingmen -and women and the
markets of the country all to pay
tribute to "the Wilson policies."
T. T. GEEK.
HOW XAVY MA V PROMOTES PEACE
Writer Cites Several Historic Incidents
to Prove Its Valne.
PORTLAND, Oct. 15 (To the Editor.)
I again prevail upon you for space in
which to answer a few serious mistakes
made by Charles E. Kitcbing In The
Oregonlan October 13.
Mr. Kitching compares the large navy
or a nation to that of a heavily-armed
Individual. He states: "If a large navy
is essential to secure world respect, a
heavily-armed Individual should be the
most respected member of a commu
nity." That "heavily-armed" person would
be the most respected individual in a
community. This individual would be
the policeman. He would protect the
community from being preyed upon by
unscrupulous Individuals. He would
protect the strong from the weak. Now,
this policeman can be compared to the
large navy of a nation. Thia nation,
by means of its navy, protects the small
countries; for example, Spain tyrannized
over Cuba. The United States, by means
of her Army and Navy, gave Cuba her
freedom. By the same means she took
the Philippine Islands from the tyran
nical Spaniards and civilized them.
Now, If the United States had had a
smaller Navy could she have given
Cuba her freedom or civilized the
Philippines? She could not. She would
not have dared.
Mr. Kitching also mentioned that
Germany's large army does not have
any influence as a civilizing factor. It
does. If Germany had not built up her
army and navy she would not have had
peace for over 40 years. During these
years Germany, to the surprise of the
other nations, built up large home in
dustries and a great merchant marine.
She could not have done this if she had
not had a large army; and navy to pro
tect her interests from Jealous nations.
Mr. Kitching doubts that battleships
are peacemakers.
I refer him to the Scientific Ameri
can July 4. 1914. It states there that
the reason the United States sold the
battleships Idaho and Mississippi td
Greece was to avert a threatened war
between that country and Turkey.
In England there is nearly completed
a powerful dreadnought for Turkey.
This ship would have brought Turkey's
naval strength above that of Greece.
However, now that the Idaho and Mis
sissippi are added to the fleet of Greece,
Turkey will think twice before trying
to bring on hostilities with Greece.
Hence, there is peace.
Now, as Mr. Kitching wishes to do
away with the Navy slaughter ma
chines, as he calls them and build the
100,000 extra houses which he says can
be built out of the yearly funds spent
for war purposes, what would become
of these hundreds of thousands of
homes If another nation should come to
this country and conquer it. we not
having a Navy to protect ourselves?
s A STUDENT.
Panama ExpoaltJon Dates,
TILLAMOOK, Or.. Oct. 14 (To the
Editor.) To settle a dispute pleaae
state when the San Francisco Exposi
tion starts and when It closes; also
where can I buy the book entitled
"Holidays at Home."
C. J. PANG BORN.
The Panama-Pacific Exposition will
open February 20 and close December
4. 1916.
Any book in the market not kept in
stock by a bookseller will, aa a rule,
be gladly obtained by him for a cus
tomer. Oregon For Qnllts!
PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonlan, October 16, is
an item. "Oregon Leads on Quilts." I
have a quilt with 16,339 pieces. This
quilt Is quilted on a sewing machine
diagonally so as to form small dia
monds. Stitching is f ive-eisrhths inch
apart. The quilt Is 79 by NSVi Inches.
MRS. R. C BELL,
589 Sixth Street.
Mew York to Manila.
SALEM, Or., Oct. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) I would like to know how far
it is from New York to the furthermost
islands of the Philippines. W. F. K
' The shortest distance between New
York and Manila is 11.1(1 miles.
Half a Century Ago,
(From The Oregonlan of Oct. 17. 1S64.)
A. B. Hallock. president of the Board
of Delegates of the Portland Fire De
partment, announces a meeting to
held in the Council Chamber at 7 P. M.
next Tuesday.
Neiv Vrt-v . - . ., . . .
vjc-c. io, i ne tieraia a
correspondent, writing from Martlna-
burg on October 14. aaya that Moaby
made a most audacious and successful
?i .7 cn lho we"tbound express train.
10 miles enwt- . .. . - . . ,
-" ' o icw ii. ane engine
was thrown from the track and two
paymasters, with other officers, were
captured, with over $-'00,000 of Govern
ment funds.
Mace s representative In London ha
announced that hi3 prtre fiiht with Co
burn is off for the present. Coburn
was on the field and was greeted by
an immense crowd. Mace din not make
an appearance. It Is .ta.ed that Co
burn will claim the stakes.
Salem. Or, Oct. 13. Sharp words
were exchanged in the Legislature to
day in the debate on Mr. Thornton's
resolution that the Assembly, having
"wasted six days of working time,"
would lengthen the sossiou by a corre
sponding period. Amonir those who
participated in the dispute were Dr.
Date and Dr. Bowlby. Messrs. Tarkeri
Fav. Lawson." McCartney, Cartwright.
Lafollet. Callison and Underwoodl
Some members improved the opportu
nity 'to announce that Mr. Thornton's
bills contained 61 pages of printing
more than all the other bills presented
to the House, and that thry cost the
state between $b00 and $100 for print
ing. A PEACE PRAYER.
Lord, we believe, help thou our unbe
lief.
That thou wilt send our erring broth
ers sweet relier
From death and wounds and tears and
pain
And send thy healing peace to reign
again
In that dark land acrosa the sea
Where men still rend each other and
have forgotten thee.
Lord, we believe, help thou our un
belief. Thy plan for us was never death and
grief:
We have wronged thee and thy dear
pardon crave.
Thinking thou lovest death and didst
.devise the grave.
But Life alone thou sendest we have
never understood;
Love divine thou givest Love and Life
and Good.
Of death and sickness and misery and
hate
We have made thee author, yet did
ourselves create
Thou who seest when the sparrow falls
to earth.
Who heedest every cry of death or
humblest birth.
We know that thou beholdest all the
slain
And will send undreamed-of Joys for
every pain.
Give us, O Lord, the faith that moun
tains moves;
Give us the Love that thy existence
proves;
Give us for Good such great and mighty
power
The earth shall tremble in this vibrant
hour.
Give us the power of thy omniscient
word
To stay the fearful march of fire and
sword;
Give to thy stricken world thy blessed
peace
And from the chains of mortal error
grant release.
Lord, we believe, help thou our nnbe-
Iler.
That thou wilt give our erring broth
era sweet relief
From death and wounds and tears and
pain
And send thy healing peace to reign .
again
In that dark land across the sea
Where men still rend each other and
have forgotten thee.
MART FORCE.
Hillsdale. Or.
No Place Like Home.
Exchange.
There is no place like home
housecleaning time.
In
TOMORROW'S
FEATURES
WAR FEATURES INCLUDE:
Cease Firing A beautifully
drawn full page in colors, show
ing a dramatic moment in a
Franco-German battle.
Orders for Valor Showing the
decorations given in various coun
tries for deeds of valor on the bat
tlefield. Austrian Fighting Men An ex
pert analyzes the qualities- of the
men who are following the Au
strian standards.
Russia, the Mysterious Some
inside facts about the Czar's do
main, written by a recognized au
thority on international affairs.
Germany Defended Professor
W. 11. Sloane, famous historian of
Columbia University, declares
against the cry of "militarism"
and says Kaiser is no more "War
Lord" than is President of United
States."
England's Viewpoint David
Lloyd George makes a strong pre
sentation of his country's side of
the present conflict, analyzing the
causes leading up to the war.
Kassoro An absorbing page on
the plucky Servian soldier, his
methods and his legends.
Famous Sieges A study of the
siege of Carthage.
War Poems A full page of the
stirring poems that have been in
spired by war. Illustrated in col
ors. War Photos Two full pages di
rect from the theater of war.
AMONG OTHER FEATURES:
Music Lessons Free The second
lesson in the series of twelve of
fered by The Sunday Oregonian.
Are you playing these chords on
your piano t Kven a young child
can grasp them readily, they are
so clear and simple.
Fashions The latest Fall and
Winter designs in apparel for
women.
An illustrated page for the
children.
Many pages' of features covering
every interest.
Order today of your newsdealer.