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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 17, 1914)
THE MORXIXG OREGOXIAN, SATURDAY. OCTOBER 17, 1914. PORTLAND, OBEGOX. Entered at Portland. Oregon,' Postofflcs as Second-class matter. Subscription Rates Invariably in Advance: (By Mali.) Pally. Sunday Included, one year .......98.00 Xaily, Sunday included, six months Jjaily. Sunday included, three months . 5i-25 laily, Sunday included, one month ...... .75 liaily, without Sunday, one year S.otl ljaily, without Sunday, six months 8-6 Xaily, without Sunday, three months l-5 Daily, without Sunday, one month ...... .0 "Weekly one year - LOO Sunday, one year 2.50 unday and Weekly, one year ........... -50 (Br Carrier.) Xaily, Sunday included, one year ........00 Daily, Sunday Included, one month . . . - - '& How to Remit Send Postorfice money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflce address in lull, including county and state. Postage Bates 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent: 18 to 82 pages. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents; fit) to (SO pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, 6 cents; 78 to U2 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern: Business Of flees Verree & Conk, lln. New York, Brunswick building. Chi cago, stenger building. 1 ban Francisco Office H. J. Bldwell Co.. T4a Market street. POKTLAND. SATURDAY, OCT., 17, 1914. TS1ED AUD FOUND WANTING. Those who imagine that the pro posed abolition of the Oregon State Senate would be a step of progress must be ignorant of the history not only of the states of the Union, but of other democratic countries. This Is true of the most recent movements to organize democratic rule, whether republics in name as well as in fact or republics in fact under the forms of monarchy. The English Parliament met in one chamber for about the first century of its existence, but soon divided into two and has so remained ever since. During the revolutionary period of the seventeenth century the House of Lords was abolished ' and the Long Parliament and its successor, the "Barebones" Parliament, ruled with such arbitrary tyranny, assuming such executive and judicial as well as leg islative power, that no man's life, lib erty or property were safe. Agitation to revive the second chamber resulted and the proposal was indorsed by Oliver Cromwell, who said to his army officers: "By the proceedings of this Parlia ment you see they stand in need of a check or balancing power." An agreement was reached in 165 8 that Cromwell should appoint mem bers of a second house, but many of those he appointed refused to serv, and the Commons, violating their agreement, reopened the discussion. Cromwell, in disgust, dissolved Parlia ment and thereafter ruled alone until his death. The Convention Par liament, which met In 1660 and. re called King Charles II, declared that "the government Is and ought to be by King, Lords and Commons." So It has been in Great Britain ever since, and those who, stirred by the recent budget crisis, would abolish rather than reform the upper house are few. Arguments against a two-chambered legislature apply almost solely to those upper houses in which mem bership is hereditary or. by appoint ment for life or for a long term and which represent one or more priv ileged classes. Such an upper house is admittedly or in effect a protection of the aristocracy or the wealthy against popular attempts to destroy privilege or to overtax wealth. But the two-chamber legislature is ad hered to not only by the more or less autocratic monarchies of Russia and Germany and Austria, but by the democratic monarchies and by the republics of both Europe an&America. The recent changes in Europe have been in the direction of strengthen ing and popularizing, not of abolish ing the upper house. Italy in 1911 reformed its Senate. This body formerly had. an unlimited number of members, all appointed by the King, but the number is now lim ited to 350, of whom the King ap points less than one-third, the rest being elected by the universities. Sen ators, deputies, provincial councils, communal assemblies, former depu ties, presidents of Chambers of Com merce, agricultural associations, work. ingmen's societies and heavy taxpay ers. The- Netherlands has a second chamber of fifty members elected by the provincial estates from among the largest taxpayers, but it is the least powerful in Europe. It cannot Initiate bills nor amend them: it can only reject them. Sweden had four houses, representing the four estates, until 18 66, when it merged them in two houses. Switzerland has an up per house, the members of which are directly elected to represent the can tons as our Senators represent the states, and it Is the only second cham ber in Europe whose functions In no way differ from those of the other house. The mother republic of Eu rope has the most powerful second chamber. The monarchies of Europe are gradually abandoning the heredi tary principle of membership, some turning to life appointments, some to election in whole or in part. Even in Russia half the members of the Council of the Empire are elected in directly by specified classes of people. Norway is probably more demo cratic than any monarchy in Europe and has been claimed by advocates of the uni-cameral system as an example of the successful working of their theory. In fact, it is an argument against them. The Legislature as a whole Is called the Storthing, all the members of which are elected in the fame manner and at the same time. At its first meeting, however, the Storthing selects one-fourth of Its members to constitute the Lagthing, the others composing the Odelsthing The two houses thereafter sit and act separately, but if the Lagthing twice rejects a bill which has been twice passed by the Odelsthing, they meet together and vote together, a two-thirds majority deciding the dis pute. France twice tried a single cham ber during revolutionary times. 'When the States General met in three houses in 1789, the Third Estate forced the nobles and clergy to join In a single national assembly. The committee on constitution In 1T91 re ported In favor of two chambers, but the assembly, controlled by the Jac obins, rejected this plan and in 1793 adopted a constitution establishing one chamber, but this did not come Into effect while the mob continued the Reign of Terror. The Terrorists were no sooner crushed than the bl camera! plan was adopted by the Directory. The uni-cameral experi ment was repeated for only a short time under the second republic of 184S. The present Senate Is pro nounced superior In personnel to the Chamber by Ives Guyot; it has sup plied more statesmen to the republic. A. L. Lowell says of It: "The Senate does very valuable- work In correct ing the over-hasty 'legislation of the Chamber." Greece is as democratic a monarchy as any in Europe, but in 1911 it re vived the second chamber after hav ing done very ill without it since 18 65, when it had been abolished. The government was in constant Scurmoil until it fell under the dictatorship of the Military League, which compelled the revision of the constitution in 1911 and then dissolved. Most significant is the action of the elf -governing British colonies In the organization of their govern ments. They have more closely ap proximated to American ideals In making their upper houses elective, though the more representativ a Senate the more firmly it holds out against the will of a lower house. But Australia and South Africa provided means of breaking deadlocks rather than submit to one-chamber rule. The Australian colonies have been particularly troubled by deadlocks be tween the houses, yet in the Federal Senate they have created the most powerful upper house in the British Empire by providing that its mem bers be elected by the same franchise as members of the lower house. The single chamber has been tried and found wanting in the United states, in the f ederal Government it failed miserably as the Continental Congress and was abandoned when the transition period ended. Among the states Pennsylvania, Vermont and Georgia tried it in the early days of the republic, but all have adapted, two chambers. Those who revive the question are simply proposing to re peat an experiment which has failed and been given up the world over. Second chambers have been found to serve different purposes under dif ferent forms of government. Under the more autocratic monarchies they constitute a bulwark of - class and privilege. Under a Federal system, whether monarchical or republican, they represent the federated units. Under a democracy, they are revising bodies which repair the errors of lower houses, they guard against haste and passion and, through their hold-over members they give the benefit of experience. "' ' ONE-ARMED. "If thy right hand offend cut it off and cast it from thee," was the pow erful figure of the apostle. In Oregon the biblical admonition is taken liter ally by some people. The state Sen ate has not pleased a few citizens and they propose to cut It off and cast it out, leaving a one-armed body politic. Yet universal experience is for the bi-cameral system. The theory of checks and balances has been demon strated by long practice to be sound. The abolishers are never pleased to improve, but they would wholly over throw and destroy. The real remedy for better legisla tion Is better legislators. That is the kernel of the whole problem. Yet a genuine effort, as in Multnomah County, to procure the nomination of high-class men for the Legislature in attacked as a maneuver of machine 'politics. A foundation stone of popular gov ernment is the direct primary. If through the primary worthy public officials are not to be had, the state loses. Are the men and the news papers who attack the State Senate willing to say that the direct primary is a failure? THE Pl'BI-IC ENEMY. The Oregonlan seems to be running Mr. Booth's campaign on the theory that any shortcomings of Senator Chamberlain are a credit to his opponent. In other words, it is running Mr. Booth on the demerits of his opponent. Salem Capital Journal. The Democratic (fplsely self-named independent) press of Oregon has an undisputed monopoly of the cam paign of detraction and defamation to which the Senatorial campaign has descended. The Oregonlan in vites the Salem paper to reproduce, from its columns any attack on Sen ator Chamberlain for his alleged per sonal shortcomings. But it will not be denied that a Senator by the act of asking re-election submits his pub lic record for criticism and review. The pages of The Oregonian's Dem ocratic contemporaries are befouled daily with the manufactured crea tions of partisan and personal hatred, all designed to show that Mr. Booth is a dishonest man. He is not. He is a clean and upright man who has lived a straight and sober life, and has done his full duty by his family, his neighbors, his employes and the public. It is deplorable that in this enlight ened state and in this day of the "up lift," the man who by diligence, by outright methods, and by superior ability, creates a great industry, ben eficial .to all the state, should be held up as a public enemy. EIGHT HOURS FOR THE LOGGER. It is not difficult for the farmer to figure out the disastrous effects upon him of the adoption of the universal eight-hour law. To the woman who employs household help it is also a simple problem. Those requiring nursing can see a trebled expense in that particular. But as to some work men the menace is more indirect and less readily observed. ' In the State of Washington, where a similar law Is before the voters, Alex Poison, a big logging operator, has calculated the possible results to workmen in the woods. In the mat ter of cookhouse employes the neces sity of engaging extra shifts for week days and a third shift for Sundays would raise the total cost in each of his camps from J7.90 to 331.60 per day. Mr. Poison operates nine camps and the extra cost for a year to be im posed by this measure simply for feed ing the employes would be $ 77,854.50. It is plain from Mr. Poison's article In the lloquiam Washingtonian that he does not purpose to stand this ad ditional expense himself If the law passes.. He will raise the board of his emDloves. Each of his 600 workmen Lwill be requlrA to pay $2.50 more board per week than they pay now in order to make up the increased cost of maintaining the cookhouses!' Mr. Poison also estimates that the decrease in 'working hours Imposed by the law would compel a reduction in wages of 60 cents per day. or $3.60 per week, and this, added to' the in creased price for board, would make the total loss to each employe In log ging operation's $6.10 per week. Are the Oregon loggers willing to give up a dollar a day in order that more loggers may be employed? It is quite obvious that the present stand ard of wages cannot be maintained in the logging industry if the eight-hour law passes. It will be impossible for the operator to assume new burdens and still compete with" the more cheaply operated mills of British Co- -lumbia, to which an otherwise demor alized market has been opened by the beneficent Democratic tariff. OCR JIILITARY POTENCY. Should Representative Gardner's resolution for an Inquiry by Congress into our military potency be put into effect the result ought to prove more or less of a shock to the. average pa triotic. American, for, from a military standpoint, it Is safe to say that we are the most Impotent Nation in the world. Certainly we do not compare in strength with any of the first or second-class powers, nor even with Servia and the Balkan states. We not only have no army of consequence, but we have no means of organizing one on short notice. r If the great powers of Europe are to disarm after the present conflict and if the rule of universal peace Is to be suddenly and unexpectedly adopted by the whole world we shall not need an army. We have gone along without military prowess mainly because we have not had to face a competent foeman. But if, as would seem to be the reasonable View, the ancient and established international tribunal of Might is to be continued in this matter-of-fact world, then it behooves us to check up occasionally on our rifles, powder supply and fighting men. If we are backing in these, the supply should be brought up to the demands of National safety. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL, CONFERENCE. .The Sunday School Conference which is soon to begin in Portland ought to effect a great deal of good. Its main purpose, as we gather from the announcements, is to promote the efficiency of the Sunday schools. In this direction there is room" for much improvement. Everybody Is aware that knowledge of the Scrip tures is not nearly so common today as it was fifty years ago. -College students, in particular, are often dis gracefully ignorant of the richness and literary power of the English Bible. This supreme work of genius is pot so much a translation from the He brew as an original composition. The so-called translators were really lit erary geniuses who may not un worthily be- compared with Shake speaVe himself in capacity for ex pression. Those who speak of our vernacular Scriptures as a monument of Hebrew genius are not wholly correct. The turns of thought and peculiarities of expression are often more Anglo-Saxon than- Oriental. There are other so-called "sacred books" which treat the same themes as the Bible and often express sim ilar thoughts about them. But, read them as devotedly as we may, they do not take hold upon us. Their con tents seem alien and remote. No doubt the reason lies In the schol arly chill of the translations. The trend of modern Bible study Is toward a rational and scientific view of the Scriptures. It is sought to dis cover the genuine fp.cts of Biblical origins and history and teach them frankly to the young. By such a can did acceptance of scientific truth It is believed by many that a reconcilia tion can be effected between God in nature and - God in literature. Cer tainly such a reconciliation ought not to be Impossible. MR. EDISON AGAIN. Mr. Edison's opinions are always interesting. He is original and un afraid. He does not feel bound to express himself with orthodoxy upon matters of science, religion or diet. He sleeps after a manner of his own. His meals are like nobody else's in the world. His inventions are such as others would like to have made if they could. Mr. Edison went to visit the Brook lyn Navy-yard not long ago, with Sec retary Daniels for his host and guide. They went through a warship, a trip which gave the great inventor novel emotions, since Jt ws the fir3t man-of-war he had seen. The great fight ing vessel Interested him, but only mildly. For the submarine which he saw a little later he seems not to have cared at all. He said his heart was set' upon peaceful progress and the advancement of human welfare, rath er than upon fighting machines. The officers tried to fix his- mind upon the problem of aerating subma rines. These vessels are subject to all sorts of mishaps, particularly to deprivation of fresh air. The elec tric batteries which they employ are themselves a source of danger, since when sea water wets them they issue chlorine gas, a deadly poison. - Of course, fresh air means plenty of oxygen. Mr. Edison believes that this can be obtained directly from sea water by a process like fishes" breath ing. Fish breathe water, not air, but in their gills there is a chemical ap parafus which separates oxygen from the water, and thus keeps their inter nal fires alight. Mr. Edison's proj ect Is to extract oxygen from sea water for the use of submarines by a chem-teal apparatus not unlike fishes" gills, and thus keep them al ways replenished witt; good breath ing material. He merely suggested the project. He does not intend to work it out, because it would help on the cause of militarism, for which he has no love. No really great man wants to help fix warfare upon the world forever.. Mr. Edison finds use for all his, fac ulties in promoting the Industries of peace." Would that every other . in ventor were of the same disposition. GOSSIP ABOCT THE POETS. . The literary magazines are pub lishing some entertaining gossip about Browning and Swinburne, which of course never goes very far without bringing in Tennyson. Of the three contemporaries, very likely Swinburne was the best pott, though he is not nearly so much adored as the 'others, certainly not In this country. Tenny son was once a popular idol here, and his fame still shines, though with waning splendor. His sentimentality is a little too saccharine for the npw age, which inclines to stern realities. Browning clubs continue to worship their divinity with an elaborate ritual, but outside their consecrated precincts we do .not believe that"the husband of Elizabeth Barrett Is ex tensively read in the United States. Swinburne handles greater themes than either of the others. He Is free from mawkishness, and contrives to make himself clear to the reader, a trick which Browning could turn only now and then. Tennyson is' usually clear enough, but unhappily his thought is apt to be a little shallow. Swinburne has as wonderful a com mand of rhythm as Beethoven, and, like, that great master of harmonious expression, he was deaf. A writer who knew him says that he used to go about London looking more like a seedy waiter thana great poet. Since when, by the way, 'have poets pre sented an aspect of luxury? Isn't the typical son of song at least as seedy as the typical waiter? At any rate, such was Swinburne's habitual ap pearance. He wore an ancient black coat which did not fit him, a black tie ' with frayed edgA and a turn down collar which commonly needed laundering. In spite of his disrep utable attire, he managed to demean himself with courtly grace, and In this again he resembled a -well-trained waiter. Swinburne's deafness did not make him shy or self-conscious. He bore with sweet resignation that worst af fliction of the deaf the efforts of their friends to make them hear by seizing their wrists and screaming. He tried to laugh at the proper places during a conversation by watching a speaker's lips and eyes. For the most part he succeeded quite as well as ordinary auditors. , The country editor Is receiving very good advice at the meeting in Ore gon City of the state association, which he will find hard 'to follow un less modified to fit conditions. The great bugbear is the man who would put one over without pay. Ohio's new constitution forbids the Supreme Court to find a legislative act "unconstitutional" unless six out of the seven judges concur. As a bul wark against the recall of judges this measure is. expected to effect wonders. What's the matter with rftat Win nebago graduate of Yale who made a plea at Lake Mohonk, yesterday' for higher education of - the Indian? Aren't they in the big leagues and football elevens now? The moment the salary rule was relaxed. Representative Lafferty headed "homeward" to re-enter the campaign. This Is the answer to" his recent claim that sense of duty called him to Washington. An English art critic Is organizing a movement to protect London's art treasures from damage in Zeppelin raids. Had he sprung this Idea a year ago they would have thrown him into a padded cell. What a shock it will be to the Dem ocratic deficit-taxers if they discover that the new taxes have diminished the Income tax to such an extent that there will still be a deficit. With the Republicans united In an overwhelming Republican state, and the handful of Democrats divided, the prospect for fresh donkey forage No vember 3 is very slender. If a neutral zone should be estab lished on the Mexico-Arizona bof&er some enterprising Arizona prospector might profitably locate it as a lead mine a few weeks hence.- The founder of a big Eastern mail order house left a fortune of $17,000, 000, which Is more than all the coun try storekeepers would leave if they died simultaneously. However, it is not improbable that the British militarists are helping spread the scare for obvious reasons. That is an ancient military game. Hqw bootless is the Anglo-German wrangle about Belgium when they have already, submitted the question to the arbitrament of war. More than $30,000 has been pruned from the city budget. Let the good work go on, but avoid being penny- wise and pound-foolish. Another landslide has stopped up the Panama Canal. Which Is the first we've heard of that great enterprise for some months. Defamation and vituperation in place of an issue will not tide the Democratic machine over the rocks next month. The Prussian government has only 1o ask for a war credit of $2,500,000, 000 to get It. That is the essence of patriotism. Chamberlain at La Grande says this is not a campaign of personal ities and then gives West the wire less wink. With French and German shells falling on their territory, the Swiss can appreciate the feelings of the Ari- zonians. - Russians and Germans both claim victory. Then the. outcome should be eminently satisfactory to ' all con cerned. Turkey says she must demobilize because of financial stringency. Or, perhaps, because of military cold feet. The mingling of nations during the many years of peace . has left many possible spies in every country. Russian girls are reported to be digging trenches when they should be at home digging potatoes. There are tacks and broken glass in the path of the Democratic ma- china in Oregon. Oregon has great advantage over a cotton state. She can eat her sur plus apple crop. At present rate of progress the British navy can stand submarining for many years. It is the British submarines' turn to make a hit and even uny the score. When Boer meets Bjoer In South Af rica then will come the tug of war. London Is now having fifty-seven varieties of chills and fevers. The Germans may be swimming th straits some dark night. England now has visions of the Teuton peril come true. By and by Italy will pull down a few Austrian plums. - Maybe, the Germans will pontoon the channel. Register today, if It takes you all day. Register today, or lose your vote! Good football weather. TAX IS FOR FOREIGNER'S BESEPIT I Attempt la to Hide DtsHfrade Killures Behind Eanpcas M'sr. SEATTLE. Oct. IS. (To the Editor.) History repeats. It is worth while to note the remarkable similarity of the effects produced by the present free trade revenue law with those produced by the Wilson-Gorman law of the Cleveland administration. During the first year of the Wilson- Gorman law the imports of foreign products amounted to $107,000,000. while during the preceding year under the McKinley law the imports of the same products amounted to but $51,000,000. By that legislation the farmers were robbed of $16,000,000 of their home mar ket in one year. During the last year of the McKinley law the importation of hides amounted to 910.000.uu0. Ouring the same period under the Wilson-Gorman law they were $:-, 000, 000, a loss to American trfrde of $14,000,000. Under the McKinley law the Imports of wool were $6,000,000. The first yearfcof the Wilson-Gorman law they were $32,000,000. a loss of $26,000,000 in twelve-month. These showings af fect farm products only. Turn to the sphere or manufactured goods. The imports of woolen goods during the last year of the McKinley law were less than $lT.ouu.ouo, while the imports of the same goods the first year of the Wilson-Gorman law were above $57,000,000. Was the surrender of this $40,000,000 of trade a benefit to us? Without particularizing I may say that of the articles which were pro duced in this country at that time there were imported In one year under the Wilson-Gorman law $91,000,000 more than during the preceding- year under the McKinley law. Did the loss of this $91,000,000 of the American market operate as a benefit to the American manufacturer and laborer and farmer? Again, during the last year of ths McKinley tariff law we exported near ly three times as many goods as were exported during the last two years of the Wilson-Gorman law. The result of all these things was the utter demoral ization of our home market- Heavy im ports and low exports. A surrender of our market to the foreigner. The same thing and for the same rea sons is occurring now. The Democrats are endeavoring to hide the failure ot their revenue scheme behind the Euro pean war: but their revenue system had failed before the war began. The dif ficulty is not that we have not Im ports enough but that we do not collect revenue enough from the Imports. That we are taxing ourselves for the benefit of foreigners is daily becoming more plain. When the United States took the import tax off coffee Brazil levied an import tax of an equal amount and the price of coffee remained the same. That 1 a fine system for Brazil. If the foreigner were paying his just share for the right to participate in our markets in competition with our own people there would be no occasion for the war taxes that are now being levied. J. R. McLAUGHLIN. MORE I'ROSI'ERrni LESS POLITICS Dr. Wlthyromhe Ideaa on I'pbulltUns; Orrnon Are Rljrht. La Grande Observer. An election is near. The campaign is on in earnest. The main issue that of giving farm legislation is lost sight of, and why? - Because down in Oregon City a man by the name of U'Ken is a part and parcel of the Kels organization to put over single tax in Oregon. U'Ren is ably assisted by Editor Jackson, of the Portland Journal. They know single tax in its raw state will not carry. In their craftiness they knew they must befog the voter's mind. The old issue that is used In every state to attract public attention was raised, -presumably with the hope that it would get the front ot the stage while U'Ren and Jackson put over the fifteen hundred dollar exemption and other measures of a single tax nature. The whole game is to befog the public mind; to raise a big smoke ao that can didates and issues of their choice can 'slip'" in. They are raising every political corpse that Oregon has ever had; they are flaunting every dissension before the people in the hope of stampede and chaos. . But throughout their endeavor not a single particle of legislation is prom ised for the farmer and the farm lands. For years farmers of Oregon have been listening to the siren songs of the politicians. There has been abso lutely no uniformity of thought or ac tion on the part of the friends of agri culture and no plan of procedure. Many of the .campaign promises now being used by candidates would crip ple agriculture if fulfilled, in fact, destroy.it in this state. Are the farmers and those in other lines of business benefited by the farmers, goingrrr continue in submis sion to 'the befogging process which invariably results in no legislation for the agricultural classes, but instead puts hordes of clerks on salaries and creates numerous commissions? This year the people have a chance to vote for a man who will work for the farms, first, last and all of the time. If we are to have an- Oregon that . bases its advancement on the land (which is the only correct and substantial industry to base it upon) then we should all, regardless of po litical party, vote for Withycombe the man who believe in the possibilities of the soil and who respects the farmer to the extent that he will lay other legislation aside for a while in order that this state may go on record with some constructive legislation that will advance agriculture. It Can't Be Explained. PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Edi tor.) Will you please explain the bill for an amendment on proportional rep resentation, is os. 348 and 349? I have not found any satisfactory statement as to how all parties will -be renre- sented. It seems that any body of people may hang together and get a representative in the Legislature, pro vided they have enough votes. R. B. BURKHARD. Outside of Oregon competent theor ists on proportional representation agree that the plan proposed In the Oregon amendment 34.3-349 will not give true proportional representation. It would not work the same way in any two elections. The plan Drooosed for this 'state would make it possible for the minority parties (Socialist and Prohibition) to nominate short Legis lative tickets and obtain representation ih the House out of all proportion to their strength. Mr.. U'Ren and Mr. Barzee, both pronounced advocates of the measure admit that changes In the primary law ,will be necessary to per mit the proportional system to work out properly, but they do not agree as to what the change should be. Notice to Tenants. . MONROE. Or, Oct. 16. (To the Editor.) Please tell me how long no tice must be given before people rent ing rooms can be forced to srive them up and also how long notice must be given before the rent can be raised? SUBSCRIBER. In each instance notice should be the same length of time as the renting period. That is, if one rents by the month he should receive a month's notioev if by the week, a week's no tice. This is assuming that notice to vacate Is not given because of fail ure to pay rent. MISTAKE OF ULY ea ,000,000 MADE Senator Chamberlain's Apolosr for "War T" ialte Inaccurate. PORTLAND. Oct. 15. (To the Edi tor.) In his Baker speech Senator Chamberlain fell all over "the Wilson policies" aa his main reliance for suc cess in his campaign for re-election, but he has lived so long in the Demo cratic atrrmsphere surrounding him in Washington that he has no conception of the popular revolt against the de structive work of the Democratic Con gress under the direction of President Wilson. In his explanatory apology for the levy of a $100,000,000 direct lax on the people to recoup a deficit resulting from the failure of the new tariff law. the Senator aaid: Engrafted In the bill was the first tneoms tax bill that ever passed Congress, which had the effect to levy upon the Incomes of the rlcb and relieve tn burdens ot the poor, to the extent of $100.000. ouo annually. This is for home consumption, but the fact Is that only $70,00J,000 was fever expected from the income tax law not-$100,000,000 as represented to the people of Baker and another fact la that the receipts from that source were but $31."u'00.000. a loss of $39. 000.000. In order that the people of Oregon may get the truth about the actual working of the new tariff law aa to taxing Incomes I will ask you to print the following from the Con gressional record of September 25: Mr. Payne Mr Speaker, I yield five min ute to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Fess. Mr. Frao Mr. Speaker, on the 13d day of April, 11J. when the Underwood bill was presented, in ths argument by the proponent of the bill, he read this statement and urged the House to note Its meaning: "In presenting this bin the commute Is met with a threatened deficit in revenue of about tl00.OU0.U0O. which it is compelled to meet by extraordinary methods of tax- n ueea neretorore only In time of war. As a revenue measure the committee at the very outset confess this bin to h a fniiur. It would seem as if a party pledged to a revenue tariff would strive to make ths revenue feature conspicuous." That a statement In the report of the Republican minority in opposition to this bill and quoted on the floor by ths gentle, man from Alabama (Mr. Underwood), when he presented his bill. Then he says In the same idiircw on the same day: "We will raise by the income tax. accord ing to the estimates, JTo.uOO.OOO." Yesterday the same gentleman In present ing this measure now under consideration, which he proposes to force adoption, an nounced that the Income tax receipts were $31.0iK),0O0. The estimate a year ago was $70,000,000. upon which the bill was baaed, and the actuar receipts were (31,000. 000, a loss of $39,000,000. Of course, the farce of the age is the presumption that an income tax law would form any basis for revenue during the progress of a Democratic National administration. And the Senator even defended his vote to give the country free wool, assuring the woolgrowers that, "don't you see, wool is higher now than it has been for years?" Then what benefit has resulted to anybody in re vising the tariff on wool downwards? It costs the manufacturer as much as before, the consumer, of course, pays as much for his clothing as formerly, and on the 207,000.000 pounds of wool that has been imported free of duty the Government has not had a cent of revenue, while under the former law that amount would have produced $19, 000.000 for the National Treasury. And who got that $19,000,000? Oh. j-es. on with the "war tax" (In a time of profound peace) to pay the fiddler while we look on helplessly st the reckless Democratic assault on the workingmen -and women and the markets of the country all to pay tribute to "the Wilson policies." T. T. GEEK. HOW XAVY MA V PROMOTES PEACE Writer Cites Several Historic Incidents to Prove Its Valne. PORTLAND, Oct. 15 (To the Editor.) I again prevail upon you for space in which to answer a few serious mistakes made by Charles E. Kitcbing In The Oregonlan October 13. Mr. Kitching compares the large navy or a nation to that of a heavily-armed Individual. He states: "If a large navy is essential to secure world respect, a heavily-armed Individual should be the most respected member of a commu nity." That "heavily-armed" person would be the most respected individual in a community. This individual would be the policeman. He would protect the community from being preyed upon by unscrupulous Individuals. He would protect the strong from the weak. Now, this policeman can be compared to the large navy of a nation. Thia nation, by means of its navy, protects the small countries; for example, Spain tyrannized over Cuba. The United States, by means of her Army and Navy, gave Cuba her freedom. By the same means she took the Philippine Islands from the tyran nical Spaniards and civilized them. Now, If the United States had had a smaller Navy could she have given Cuba her freedom or civilized the Philippines? She could not. She would not have dared. Mr. Kitching also mentioned that Germany's large army does not have any influence as a civilizing factor. It does. If Germany had not built up her army and navy she would not have had peace for over 40 years. During these years Germany, to the surprise of the other nations, built up large home in dustries and a great merchant marine. She could not have done this if she had not had a large army; and navy to pro tect her interests from Jealous nations. Mr. Kitching doubts that battleships are peacemakers. I refer him to the Scientific Ameri can July 4. 1914. It states there that the reason the United States sold the battleships Idaho and Mississippi td Greece was to avert a threatened war between that country and Turkey. In England there is nearly completed a powerful dreadnought for Turkey. This ship would have brought Turkey's naval strength above that of Greece. However, now that the Idaho and Mis sissippi are added to the fleet of Greece, Turkey will think twice before trying to bring on hostilities with Greece. Hence, there is peace. Now, as Mr. Kitching wishes to do away with the Navy slaughter ma chines, as he calls them and build the 100,000 extra houses which he says can be built out of the yearly funds spent for war purposes, what would become of these hundreds of thousands of homes If another nation should come to this country and conquer it. we not having a Navy to protect ourselves? s A STUDENT. Panama ExpoaltJon Dates, TILLAMOOK, Or.. Oct. 14 (To the Editor.) To settle a dispute pleaae state when the San Francisco Exposi tion starts and when It closes; also where can I buy the book entitled "Holidays at Home." C. J. PANG BORN. The Panama-Pacific Exposition will open February 20 and close December 4. 1916. Any book in the market not kept in stock by a bookseller will, aa a rule, be gladly obtained by him for a cus tomer. Oregon For Qnllts! PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Edi tor.) In The Oregonlan, October 16, is an item. "Oregon Leads on Quilts." I have a quilt with 16,339 pieces. This quilt Is quilted on a sewing machine diagonally so as to form small dia monds. Stitching is f ive-eisrhths inch apart. The quilt Is 79 by NSVi Inches. MRS. R. C BELL, 589 Sixth Street. Mew York to Manila. SALEM, Or., Oct. 15. (To the Edi tor.) I would like to know how far it is from New York to the furthermost islands of the Philippines. W. F. K ' The shortest distance between New York and Manila is 11.1(1 miles. Half a Century Ago, (From The Oregonlan of Oct. 17. 1S64.) A. B. Hallock. president of the Board of Delegates of the Portland Fire De partment, announces a meeting to held in the Council Chamber at 7 P. M. next Tuesday. Neiv Vrt-v . - . ., . . . vjc-c. io, i ne tieraia a correspondent, writing from Martlna- burg on October 14. aaya that Moaby made a most audacious and successful ?i .7 cn lho we"tbound express train. 10 miles enwt- . .. . - . . , -" ' o icw ii. ane engine was thrown from the track and two paymasters, with other officers, were captured, with over $-'00,000 of Govern ment funds. Mace s representative In London ha announced that hi3 prtre fiiht with Co burn is off for the present. Coburn was on the field and was greeted by an immense crowd. Mace din not make an appearance. It Is .ta.ed that Co burn will claim the stakes. Salem. Or, Oct. 13. Sharp words were exchanged in the Legislature to day in the debate on Mr. Thornton's resolution that the Assembly, having "wasted six days of working time," would lengthen the sossiou by a corre sponding period. Amonir those who participated in the dispute were Dr. Date and Dr. Bowlby. Messrs. Tarkeri Fav. Lawson." McCartney, Cartwright. Lafollet. Callison and Underwoodl Some members improved the opportu nity 'to announce that Mr. Thornton's bills contained 61 pages of printing more than all the other bills presented to the House, and that thry cost the state between $b00 and $100 for print ing. A PEACE PRAYER. Lord, we believe, help thou our unbe lief. That thou wilt send our erring broth ers sweet relier From death and wounds and tears and pain And send thy healing peace to reign again In that dark land acrosa the sea Where men still rend each other and have forgotten thee. Lord, we believe, help thou our un belief. Thy plan for us was never death and grief: We have wronged thee and thy dear pardon crave. Thinking thou lovest death and didst .devise the grave. But Life alone thou sendest we have never understood; Love divine thou givest Love and Life and Good. Of death and sickness and misery and hate We have made thee author, yet did ourselves create Thou who seest when the sparrow falls to earth. Who heedest every cry of death or humblest birth. We know that thou beholdest all the slain And will send undreamed-of Joys for every pain. Give us, O Lord, the faith that moun tains moves; Give us the Love that thy existence proves; Give us for Good such great and mighty power The earth shall tremble in this vibrant hour. Give us the power of thy omniscient word To stay the fearful march of fire and sword; Give to thy stricken world thy blessed peace And from the chains of mortal error grant release. Lord, we believe, help thou our nnbe- Iler. That thou wilt give our erring broth era sweet relief From death and wounds and tears and pain And send thy healing peace to reign . again In that dark land across the sea Where men still rend each other and have forgotten thee. MART FORCE. Hillsdale. Or. No Place Like Home. Exchange. There is no place like home housecleaning time. In TOMORROW'S FEATURES WAR FEATURES INCLUDE: Cease Firing A beautifully drawn full page in colors, show ing a dramatic moment in a Franco-German battle. Orders for Valor Showing the decorations given in various coun tries for deeds of valor on the bat tlefield. Austrian Fighting Men An ex pert analyzes the qualities- of the men who are following the Au strian standards. Russia, the Mysterious Some inside facts about the Czar's do main, written by a recognized au thority on international affairs. Germany Defended Professor W. 11. Sloane, famous historian of Columbia University, declares against the cry of "militarism" and says Kaiser is no more "War Lord" than is President of United States." England's Viewpoint David Lloyd George makes a strong pre sentation of his country's side of the present conflict, analyzing the causes leading up to the war. Kassoro An absorbing page on the plucky Servian soldier, his methods and his legends. Famous Sieges A study of the siege of Carthage. War Poems A full page of the stirring poems that have been in spired by war. Illustrated in col ors. War Photos Two full pages di rect from the theater of war. AMONG OTHER FEATURES: Music Lessons Free The second lesson in the series of twelve of fered by The Sunday Oregonian. Are you playing these chords on your piano t Kven a young child can grasp them readily, they are so clear and simple. Fashions The latest Fall and Winter designs in apparel for women. An illustrated page for the children. Many pages' of features covering every interest. Order today of your newsdealer.