THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1914.
6
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PORTLAND. MONDAY, SEPT.
1314,
PROGRESS OF THE WAR.
After something less than five weeks
of war the grim German fighting ma
chine has crushed Belgium, the inno
cent bystander, and smashed its way
through massive barriers deep into the
vitals of France. It has reduced French
military operations to the sad status
of rear guard actions for the time
being and now stands ready to knock
boldly at the gates of Paris. Yet these
are not the significant facts. A more
Important deduction that cannot be
escaped Is that the war has barely
commenced.
The task that confronts Germany
before she can lay claim to mastery
of the whole situation is a tremendous
one. Perhaps it is a far greater one
than the German diplomats had
counted upon when they cast the Ger
man military helmet into the ring.
Every nation that the Germans could
have possible reason to fear has
aligned Itself with the allies. Italy,
on the other hand, has failed them,
thus weakening both their military and
naval position. While the German
war machine has been blasting its
way through bulwarks of flesh and
blood to unchecked success, the war
horizon in the background has been
darkening, until the Germans now find
against them the major portion of the
world, Turkey and Austria excepted.
Italy, erstwhile ally, appears on the
verge of assailing Austria and thus be
coming a part of the opposing force.
Thus the sense of German triumph
In France must be modified by the
clouds of an ominous future storm
which is gathering on several hands
and which has broken already with
bitter fury on the eastern border,
where the Russian hordes have massed
and gotten into action. The Germans
necessarily must meet these foes in
detail, so far as possible, concentrating
first on France and England and later
on Russia.
The campaign in France must con
tinue to claim the largest considera
tion from the Germans. Whether
they Intend actually to invest Paris
at this time remains to be seen. More
important is the breaking up of the
French fighting machine. German
strategy has been directed toward this
end for some days, and only the re
treat of the allies has prevented their
envelopment. Still the Germans may
have succeeded, after all, south- of
Rheims, where a German wedge has
shot out suddenly and unexpectedly,
threatening to cut off the French con
centration north and east of Paris a
concentration which had been made
by the French to meet the direct as
sault on the Brussels-Paris line and
the German flank movement which
bore down from the north.
Such a strategic coup, if completed,
would be more important than taking
Paris. For, thus broken up in us
organization, the French army could
be defeated in detail and Paris taken
In leisure moments. But failing to
shatter the French army, the Ger
mans, even holding Paris, would find
themselves forced to cope with a
French army that could form excellent
new bases in the south of France and
prove a constant menace to the Ger
man investment, especially when given
heavy reinforcements from French for
eign troops, British and possibly Japa
nese field armies. Such a situation
would not permit the Germans the
freedom they will need to concentrate
heavily on Russia.
The present series of movements
therefore assume the highest impor
tance. The Issue now is not so much
whether Paris is to be invested im
mediately, but whether the French co
ordination is to be completely upset.
The French army, broken into several
forces by the present campaign,
launched "for that evident purpose,
would leave the French capable of
only desultory resistance for some
time to come. Their defeat could be
regarded as complete and the Russian
menace taken up in earnest.
The Russian advance, during the
past week or ten days, has begun to
assume rather serious proportions.
While no great progress has been
made by Russia In Germany, Russian
victories over the Austrian army have
been decisive. In its mission of hold
ing the Slav forces in check Austria
appears to have failed thus far. The
Austrians, in force, have been driven
out of their stronghold at Lemberg
nnd are being forced out of the Carpa
thian Mountains. Austria has not
been crushed yet. Perhaps her plight
is not so serious as that of France.
But the Russians are making head
way and give promise of being able
shortly to take up an invasion of Ger
many along the strategic route south
of Posen, the route upon which a
serious Russian advance must be di
rected against Vienna and Berlin.
In a sense, the whole situation may
be described as merely preliminary
to the grapple between Slav and Teu
ton. Russia must bring Austria to
her knees and Germany must route
France before the great war may be
said to have entered upon its second
stage. Both are making rapid head
way in battering down these barriers,
although in neither case is the Issue
clear at this moment. The one that
frees itself first should find a marked
advantage In flying at the other's
throat.
POOR PLEAS FOR ABSENTEES.
The motion of Representative Un
derwood to revoke all leaves of ab
sence from sessions of the House and
to penalize absentees with loss of pay
called forth some protests from Re-,
publican members which will not
Improve their standing In the eyes of
the people. Mr. Mann accused the
Democratic leaders of having waited
until the Southern primaries were
over and until the seats of Southern
members were safe before attempting
to enforce attendance. He pro
nounced this course unfair to North
ern members, both Republican and
Democratic, as their primaries are
yet to be held and as they can go
home to vote only at the sacrifice of
several days' pay.
This was an extremely narrow,
partisan view to take of a great Na
tional emergency, when all party dif
ferences should be subordinated to
patriotic regard for the Nation's in
terests. Several Northern Democrats
promptly turned the guns of their op
ponents against the latter by saying
they were ready to stay in Washing
ton and attend to the Nation's busi
ness without regard to the primaries.
The Republicans gained nothing by
their objections to the resolution. On
the contrary, they enabled the Demo
crats to score on them. Any member
who is more interested in his own re
election than in the performance of
his duty at this critical time is not the
man for the job. His return home at
such a time is the best possible reason
for keeping him at home permanently.
Xo man who deserts his post deserves
to be re-elected.
WHY TAXES ARE HIGH.
Two years ago the voters rejected a
constitutional amendment to create
the office of Lieutenant-Governor. The
only conceivable reason was that the
measure created another salaried state
office. The pay of this new office
would have been $200 each biennium.
But if a spirit of rigid economy actu
ated the people they have been frus
trated. The amendment is again on
the ballot and the election costs on
this one Item will probably be suffi
cient to have paid the salary of the
Lieutenant-Governor for twenty years
or longer.
Attention is directed to this meas
ure particularly to bring home to the
voter the unreasonableness of the
drain upon the State Treasury caused
by refusal of advocates of this or that
measure to accept one verdict by the
people as final. Among the twenty
nine measures on the ballot, thirteen,
or within two of a majority, have been
before the people before in form and
intent if not In text. Some have al
ready been twice rejected.
The measures heretofore defeated
are the following:
Abolishment of State Senate.
Proportional representation.
The Lieutenant-Governor amend
ment. Two tax amendments modifying the
uniform rule.
Bills to provide for two normal
schools.
Amendment to increase pay of leg
islators. Single tax.
Prohibition.
Abolishment of death penalty.
Graduated surtax.
Town and city consolidation meas
ure. Public sentiment is penny wise when
it defeats a measure to create a new
office at a trivial salary and pound
foolish in that it is not aroused and
resentful over the increased cost of
government caused by resubmission of
so many defeated measures. .
A HUMOROUS DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM.
The Democratic convention which
nominated General McClellan for
President of the United States met at
Chicago, on August 24, 1864. Mc-
Clellan's running mate was George H.
Pendleton, a meek creature, but ar
dent for peace at any price. The
Democratic platform announced in
bold terms that "the war was a fail
ure." Gettysburg had been won at
that date and Vicksburg had fallen,
but events of that nature made no
difference to the Democrats. When
a party is determined to be absurd
facts count for very little with it.
The true beauty of the Democratic
announcement that the war was a
failure was brought into a clear light
by the fall of Atlanta which occurred
a day or two after the convention ad
journed. Sherman made his famous
flank movement on August 28. This
placed him between Atlanta and its
Southern support. His maneuver was
so adeptly executed that the Confed
erates believed he had decamped and
trains of rejoicing sympathizers came
in from up the state to help celebrate
his defeat.
They were undeceived when he be
gan to capture incoming trains. Sher
man's strategy made Atlanta unten
able for the Confederates, who hastily
withdrew. His telegram announcing
the capture accompanied the report
of the Chicago Democratic convention
as it flew over the country on the
wires. Their queer juxtaposition
evoked a smile from people with a
sense of humor.
The habit of ignoring facts and
despising reason has been Inherited
by General McClellan's party down
to the present day. Very likely it is
so bred in the bone that it never will
be lost.
ELIMINATING THE MIDDLEMAN.
A correspondent asks The Oregonlan
to suggest a remedy for the condition
by which the lion's share of the retail
price of farm and orchard produce
goes to the middleman. For the fruit
grower a remedy has already been
provided in the shape of co-operative
packing and marketing associations,
Ahich have assured a fair price to the
produce without enhancing the cost to
the consumer. If the grower at North
Yakima belongs to such an associa
tion, the 60 cents profit obtained by
the middleman must have gone Into
the pocket of a retailer who bought
from the association. If the grower
desires to sell his, fruit indpendent of
the association and to deal with the
consumer by eliminating the middle
man, the parcel post affords him
facilities.
The Postofflce Department is en
deavoring to extend the usefulness of
the parcel post in direct dealing be
tween producer and consumer. At
some cities the postmaster Is collect
ing the names of farmers who wish to
sell produce in this manner and his list
is placed at the service of consum
ers in the cities. The consumer can
then correspond with the farmer and
arrange to have his needs supplied by
parcel post. Under that plan the Yak
ima fruitgrower could perhaps have
obtained 60 instead of 30 cents for his
box of peaches on a short haul which
did not require icing and the con
sumer would have saved 30 cents. In
other words, producer and consumer
would divide the middleman's profit
between them.
The people seem slow to avail them
selves of the facilities for direct deal
ing offered by the parcel post, perhaps
because it is so new to them that they
do not know how to go about it.
There is room for a general agency in
the cities to promote this business.
This agency for a fixed, moderate fee
might bring the parties together and
make collections where desired.
If the price of eggs be exorbitant,
the fault may rest with the cold stor
age men, who reduce the available
supply by taking eggs off the market
when they are abundant and would
ordinarily be cheap, and by storing
them until a time of scarcity and high
prices. If well regulated, cold stor
age is beneficial in preventing prices
from going too low at one time or too
high at another, but there is reason
to believe that it has been used to cor
ner the market and to hold produce
beyond the time when it should be
sold, the purpose geing to obtain an
exorbitant price. Produce has been
held in cold storage until it decayed
and had to be destroyed. This prac
tice upholds prices by diminishing
the supply. It has been proposed to
prevent cold storage from becoming
an instrument of monopoly by limiting
the period for which food may be
stored, but nothing has yet been done
In that direction by legislation.
The system of direct dealing which
we have described would go far to foil
the monopoly schemes of cold storage
men, for it would take a large pro
portion of the eggs and other produce
out of their reach. Poultry-raisers
should welcome this system, for It
would give them more voice in fixing
prices than they can have in dealing
with wholesale dealers and It would
insure a steady flow of cash from day
to day. To make the parcel post use
ful in this system it will be necessary
to devise strong but light and inexpen
sive packages for eggs, poultry, fruit
and vegetables.
ANTI-MILITARISM DISCARDED.
A remarkable phase of the pres
ent war is the total subsidence of anti
militarism among the radicals of all
countries concerned. The Socialists
have been preaching the solidarity of
the worklngmen of all nations and
their common Interest in peace. They
have preached that labor supplies the
great body of men for war and pays
the largest part of the cost both in life
and money. They have advocated
strikes against military service in
France and have voted for army ap
propriations in the German Reichstag
under extreme pressure.
But we hear not a murmur against
the war in either country and the
Italian Socialists taunt the German
Socialists with recreancy to their
principles. The Socialists have gone
to the front in both France and Ger
many as readily as men of other po
litical creeds. The German govern
ment has rewarded them by permit
ting the open sale of their newspapers
and by permitting soldiers to frequent
their resorts. The Socialists seem to
welcome the opportunity to prove that
their principles are not inconsistent
with patriotism when the nation is
attacked.
In face of the stern fact of war, all
abstract theories like ant'-mllltarism
evaporat? like steam. Their adherents
recognize that, right or wrong in the
quarrel which caused the war, their
country is In danger of loss and hu
miliation, and they go to Its defense
and to punish Its assailants, Just as
they would defend their own homes.
The anti-militarist can easily con
vince himself that this war is an ex
ception to the rule: that it is a war
of national self-defense and that his
duty to his country is sjjperlor to any
sentimental theory of common inter
est among his class In his own and
other countries. He decides to be a
soldier In wartime and to reserve his
antl-mllitarlsm for times of peace.
MILITARISM AND DEMOCRACY.
However the present war may end,
its progress so far has demonstrated
the efficiency of centralized, more or
less autocratic power in equipping a
nation for war and the relative inef
ficiency of the nations which have
popular rule. Austria is the weakest
of the three great centralized mon
archies and appears to have broken
down under the assaults of Russia on
the northeast and Servia on the south,
but Austria showed a certain degree
of efficiency as a military empire by
the secrecy with which she mobilized
her army after the assassination of
a MOiAviVai "Franz Ferdinand and bv the
suddenness of the attack on Servia.
Only the exercise of one dominant will
could have armed and equipped tne
minlnno r,f rtermn.n rroODS and DOured
them in a flood across France, or
could have organized and massed the
vast army of Russia on the eastern
frontier of Germany and Austria. One-
man power did these things.
The bitter lesson of 1870 has forced
..o,!.. tn nttnln a hieher decree of
military efficiency than in that dis
astrous year, but her army is eviaentiy
inferior to that of Germany, and, if
she finally triumphs, her success will
be due to the aid of her allies. The
most glaring example of unprepared
ness is that of Great Britain. Relying
on her navy for her defense and obsti
nately opposed to enforced military
service, she has so small an army that
the troops she has been able to send
to France are a mere handful com
pared with the German masses. Lord
Roberts has appealed in vain to the
British people to adopt a system of
enforced military training. Had his
advice been taken, Great Britain
might have been able to put 1,000,000
instead of 100,000 men on the conti
nent during the first month of the
war, and the allies might have be p
able to roll back the German tidal
wave. As it is, England Is recruiting
men after war has begun and has so
far raised only 300.000. In order to
help her allies, she Is compelled to
bring troops from India and the
colonies.
This is not to say that the allies
cannot increase their forces with a
prospect that the British army will
render valuable aid to France. If
Lord Kitchener's prediction that the
war will last two or three years
should be fulfilled, new armies may
nPMniToH and trained In that time.
UlfttHH-.-
But unpreparedness will still have
been responsible for prolongation of
the war, while, had Britain been as
ready as Germany, it might have been
settled In a year.
The best explanation is that militar
ism and democracy do not mix. The
chief use of a great war machine is
to acquire territory by force or to hold
territory already acquired by that
means. Such acquisition is inconsis
tent with the principles of democracy,
except when a people divided by an
artificial boundary wishes to become
united, aa in the case of the Servians
or of the people of Alsace and Lor
raine. Monarchies which adhere to
the divine right theory have no re
gard for the wishes of territory they
would annex, and desire constantly to
enlarge their borders. Democracies,
whether under a republic or a consti
tutional monarchy, have no such mo
tive for armament and can be induced
to make ready for war only by immi
nent danger of aggression or by de
termination to recover what they have
lost. When a self-governing nation
like Great Britain or the United States
becomes involved in war with a first
class power, it usually suffers reverses
at the outset, but history records that
It then rushes to arms and gives a
good account of itself in the end.
These nations pay a high price for
their unreadiness, and invite attacks
which would not be made If they
were well armed.
The protest against suspension of
the law requiring steamship officers
and engineers on American ships to
be Americans ignores the circum
stances which prompted passage of the
new shipping law. We need ships in
a hurry and h'ave the opportunity to
take over foreign ships with foreign
crews and put them into service in
carrying our commerce. The law is
an emergency measure, and particular
interests must step aside in National
emergencies.
Prince William of Wied has aban
doned the attempt to rule Albania.
He was a puppet Prince, set over a
people, who from the first rejected
him, by the powers whose only right
to interfere was based on might. His
elevation was a glaring proof of the
absurdity of the divine right theory
and his elimination deals that theory
a severe blow. Before this war is over,
other high-born divine-right rulers
may go the way of William of Wied.
Massachusetts women are carrying
on a model campaign for suffrage In
preparation for 1915, when the final
vote will be cast by the people. What
amounts to a house-to-house canvass
Is already under way and the argu
ments for the cause are being pre
sented to the voters with cool per
sistence. The campaign seems to be
one of pure reason. If suffrage wins
In Massachusetts it will be on its
merits.
The peace and Industry which now
prevail in Butte are an evidence of
what could have been done long ago
had the officials performed their duty
by arresting and bringing to justice
the preachers and practicers of direct
action. Return of the miners to work
when the militia are on guard is an
evidence that they will be orderly
when relieved of the terrorism of the
direct actionists.
Women succeed very well as play
wrights nowadays. A woman won a
$10,000 prize for a play not long ago
and another a prize of $1000. Here
tofore our native drama, has been an
echo of the British and a pretty feeble
one. Perhaps now that the women
have taken hold of It so vigorously
we shall see something more en
couraging. Reports of Increased number of
yearling cattle in Washington indicate
that the shortage in the meat supply
will cure itself. By eating less veal
we help to insure more and therefore
cheaper beef in the future. When
the prodigal's father killed the fatted
calf, he did a prodigal act
Astronomers are of the opinion that
Jupiter is evolving another moon.
They have long been watching an
elliptical spot on his surface which
seems to be separating from the rest
of the planet and making ready to
set up in business for itself. The spot
first appeared in 1S79.
While each fighting nation is cele
brating a glorious victory announced
in its own dispatches, these victories
mark so much destruction. Spring
field, Or., celebrates a glorious vic
tory, which consists in an Increase of
production by the erection of a new
mill.
The magnitude of the benefit in a
public market can be estimated from
the statement of a Cornelius grower
who has sold 22,000 crates of peaches
this season. The consumers' share of
the benefit is beyond figures.
Connie Mack would prefer the
Giants, of course, but will take on
any old antagonist. In the matter of
gate receipts Boston will enthuse for
the very novelty of the chance.
Grants Pass is entitled to celebrate.
When the city found It needed a rail
way, it built it, and today its citi
zens' will ride on their own trains.
Grants Pass is a city of energy.
The soldier killed In battle is faring
rted. At the Lem-
IffLiri UK." v...-
berg affair report gives 35,000 wounded
left on the field.
The Belgians having cut the dikes
near Antwerp, we may see a repetition
of some scenes of the historic siege of
Haarlem.
With grain from the United States
and the rest of the food supply from
Ireland, England will not starve.
Perhaps the local "earthquakes"
were the passing of very late or very
early auto trucks heavily laden.
Eugene is keeping its place in the
front rank of municipalities with the
most modern streetcars.
Most of the "missing" today will be
found at Vancouver's opening of the
round-up season
Have a flag ready to fly on "Star
Spangled Banner" day. and if you have
none, buy one.
With a sugar crop of a quarter
billion dollars, Cuba realizes the bless
ing of peace.
Perhaps knowledge that war was at
hand excited Lassen Peak to the point
of eruption.
In a few months all will be ob
liged to fight harder to keep warm.
This is a strenuous day for the man
who can get off.
Chicago does very well in mobiliz
ing 2,500,000.
When ewspaper Is Not Ordered.
TOLEDO, Or., Sept. 1. (To the Ed
itor.) When a publisher continues to
send his paper beyond the time for
which it was ordered and paid for, and
without either verbal or written in
structions so to continue sending it,
can he collect the regular subscription
price by law? READER.
Section 75S5, Lord's Oregon Laws, de
clares a newspaper or periodical sent
without order a gift whether received
or not If the order was for a def
inite period, we presume the papers
sent after expiration of subscription
would be considered a gift under the
statute mentioned.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonlan of Sept. 7, 1864.
We are Informed by Senator Pyle of
Baker county that Bill Smith, who
killed Major Blythe and a man named
Van, about a month ago near La
Grande, arrived at Auburn in charge
of the officer who arrested him at
Pioneer City, Idaho Territory.
The stages are now making weekly
trips between Walla Walla and Lewis
ton. On Sunday evening last between 7
and 8 o'clock a dam attached to the
waterworks at The Dalles gave way
and for a time the entire lower part
of the town was in danger of being
flooded.
Sam Wells of the California Minstrel
Troupe died at Virginia City August
30.
The Supreme Court has begun its an
nual session at Salem. Present are
Judges Prim, Stratton, Boise. Shattuck
and Wilson.
The resignation of Dr. C. C. Furley
at Fort Boise has been tendered and
accepted.
Sacramento.- The opposition steamer
Washoe on her way from San Francisco
to Sacramento exploded 40 miles below
Sacramento last night. Of the 150 on
board, many of whom were women and
girls, only ten were saved. The Washoe
sunk near shore.
Rev. W. F. Boyakln, an old pioneer
of this country, who some years since
returned to his childhood home In II
llnois, has returned to Oregon overland.
Rev. Mr. Boyakin has been acting chap
lain in the Thirteenth Illinois regi
ment J. M. George Kalllch has begun the
erection of an ice house on Taylor, be
tween Front and First.
General McDowell returned yester
day by steamer to Port Vancouver
after an extended trip to the upper
Columbia country.
PEN IS INSTRUMENT OF REVENGE
How Csar Might Have Improved "Petro
grad" and How Kaiser Mar Retaliate.
HOOD RIVER, Or.. Sept 5. (To the
Editor.) And now the Russian peasant
must hear "Petrograd" for dear old "St.
Petersburg," while we far-off Ameri
cans are made to wonder why Cousin
Nicholas didn't show his royal contempt
for Cousin William by renaming his big
town for himselfski. Why didn't he
call it Nicholowski or Nicholavttch? Or,
if he thought his devoted 160,000,000 of
assorted subjects would prefer a full
length, rare and juicy Russian name,
he could, with the same stroke of his
royal nibs, have renamed it Kissczmy-
footsklcouzzinwlllavltch a rare morsel
of petty spite every time he tripped it
off with his other Slavic polysyllabic
tongue twisters.
And then it would be "up to" Cousin
William, if he marched his victorious
troops through the streets of one Petro
grad to rechristen it with the more
euphonious name o Bologna-on-Beer,
"rub" it back on Cousin Nick and make
him stomach up to his own pie counter
and "eat humble pieski" every morning
till he got over his pique.
But just think of the mental grasp
that can hold all the strategic maneu
vers of the mighty armies of "the triple
alliance" and "the triple entente" on
the map of a single brain, realizing the
many possible destinies in the wavering
balances, and at the same time gravely
consider the far-reaching effects of this
astute coup d'etat. Petrograd! Petro
grad! Well, seriously, thousands of Ameri
cans are again forcibly reminded of Dr.
Edward Young's famous couplet:
Pigmies are pigmies still, though perched on
Alps,
And pyramids are pyramids In vales.
W. J. PEDDICORD.
THE SPORT OF KINGS.
In France no brighter son was born,
No finer man had faced the morn
Of life, endowed with greater power
Of Mind or limb. They knew the hour
Som e day would come when, fame
achieved,
A nation would arise and say
"For him our heart Is sore agrieved;
We bury him in tears today."
In Prussia flashed a soul to earth
And, buoyant from his birth.
This man increased In vital force;
His strength within its natural course
Should much achieve; and fame, they
said.
Would wait on him the world would
know
That he had lived: when he was dead
A grateful land would much bestow.
Some peasants dug a huge, deep trench.
A battle had been fought; the French.
Some thousands lying stark and dead,
Must be removed.' A peasant said:
"I know that face." He dragged the
clay
And hurled it in.
A son uf France had had his day
That France might win.
The Prussian General viewed the field
And frowned; the day's unvarying yield
Was butchered men. He touched his
aide
And pointed to a dead thing in the
shade;
A scholar known both far and wide
Had found the night
He slept with bullets in his heart and
side -For
Prussian might.
LAWRENCE E. INNES.
Use of Word "Thoroughbred."
CORVALLIS, Or., Sept. 5. (To the
Editor.) The Oregonlan August 22
made a distinction between pure bred
and thoroughbred. I do not wish to be
Interrupting, but will state that your
distinction in this case Is not correct.
A pure bred animal is one which both
of its parents are registered or eligible
to registration. A thoroughbred is one
distinctive breed of horses. This is the
type of horses that are used for race
horses under the saddle, and, technic
ally, nothing else is a thoroughbred.
You will find many people using the
term thoroughbred indiscriminately
and also incorrectly.
CARL N. KENNEDY.
Standard dictionaries now authorize
the application of the word "thorough
bred" to other animals than the horse,
as a result of usage in the United
States. Formerly the word was re
stricted to the designation of a certain
type of horse.
A Two-Story Lake.
New York Sun.
One of the wonders of Mexico Is the
salt-producing lake near Salinas Sta
tion, on the Tampleo division of the
Mexican Central Railway, 72 miles
west of San Luis Potosi. It may well
be termed a two-story lake, for at
times there Is a lake of fresh water
overlying the salt lake. A water-tight
roof of green mud separates the fresh
from the salt water.
For a large part of the year there Is
no fresh-water lake there. The sun
licks it up soon after the rainy season
is over.
The salt secured from the lake goes
all over Mexico. The lake has been
worked about 65 years. The whole town
of 5000 people makes its living from
the salt
The property Is owned by a family or
estate, but it Is said that not one of the
owners has lived there for years. The
old residence of the owners is still
standing at Salinas, Its massive walla
and towera and turrets give the place
a resenjblance to a fort or feudal castle.
MIDDLEMAN'S PROFITS TOO MUCH,
Remedy Sought (or Conditio Where
Producer Get Little of Price.
EUGENE. Or., Sept 5. (To the Ed
itor) There has been a great deal of
discussion why prices are high. The
following will give one reason:
Problem: If 87-csnt wheat produces $1.16
flour, why should tl wheat produce $2.40
flour? Answer: "We need the money."
Again, peaches at North Yakima are
selling for 30 cents a box f. o. b. A
girl placed a note In a box asking the
buyer to write her what he had to pay
for It A gentleman In Montana wrote
saying that he paid $1.15 for the box.
The freight and icing cost 25 cents,
leaving 60 cents for the man who did
nothing but handle it the middleman.
He is the parasite whom we must get
rid of. The man who planted the trees
and waited six to eight years for his
fruit and who takes his chances on
bad years when there is no fruit, who
pays to have his trees sprayed, pays to
have the fruit picked and boxed, be
sides paying for the box, gets 30 cents
for his fruit, and the parasite who does
nothing but handle It gets 60 cents
twice as much as the producer. Some
thing has got to be done or there will
be a revolution. The middlemen who
take no chances, do not work, absorb
the profit and the producer and the
user suffer from his inordinate greed.
The fields of Southern Oregon are full
of fine, luscious watermelons going to
waste and yet here we have to pay a
cent and a cent and a half a pound for
them.
Take another side of the question:
Not one person In twenty-five has eggs
and chickens for sal. Yet we are
kicking because Chinese eggs are be
ing brought In. which are reducing the
price of the home product Why should
we twenty-four non-producers be re
quired to pay 30 cents a dosen for
small eggs when we can get the Chi
nese variety for 20 cents t They say
the middleman gets them for 4 cents
a dozen, the freight i not more than
2 cents, and then he charges us 20 to
25 for them. Can't the Oregonlan, the
champion of the people, suggest some
remedy? T. W. PARKER
The Astmuth Chronometer.
To Its Discoverer-Inventor.
(Some time ago The Oregonlan In a
a full and illustrated article gave Its
readers a description of a wonderful
discovery made by a resident of Port
land, H. S. Butterfield. A recent re
minder of this great boon to mankind
has led a fellow townsman to express
his admiration in the following lines.
Portland honors Itself in honoring this
Inventor and discoverer In one, and let
us disprove the old saying that "A
prophet Is not without honor save In
his' own country.")
Many and long were the years the
dreamer bent o'er his task.
Clothing a great Idea to help the world
on Its way.
Wrought he with patience and faith,
hoping oft against hope.
That he the riddle great might surely
one day solve.
Wrought he early and late; and oft
the midnight oil
Shed light on his study deep, and oft
the watches of night
Found him o'er penciled sketch, poring
with brain Intent.
Not many were those who knew, well
nigh alone he searched;
Sympathy scant was his share and
helpful words were few.
Twelve were the numbered years ere
he saw the light of success;
Then It burst with glorious flame and
wiped out the burden and strain.
Now with the help he's given myriads
of lives will be saved;
And "ships that go down to the sea"
safe and secure will ride
Because of this dreamer's vision, be
cause of his mastering faith.
The mariner plowing the main is en
abled to find his course
In the well-nigh starless night tho'
black and heavy with fear.
And the stately palace afloat, bearing
its human freight
Thousand of precious lives endangered
heretofore
And cargoes of priceless cost steeling
from charted reef
Or lunging iceberg's track, may reach
its haven safe.
And the hunter wandering lone, afar
from the haunts of man.
Exploring forest depths, discovering
wealth unknown,
May securely find his way to safety
and friends and home.
Truer than compass' veer, surer than
needle's point,
Great is the change it has wrought
to mankind a heritage rich.
And as down through the ages long,
the old world reels on Its course.
Thousands will bless the brain that
patiently held to its dream
And brought forth through travail of
soul this Instrument fraught to
bless.
Then welcome, we give It. to the
world's store!
And bravo, to Its Inventor!
IS. L. Ross. Portland, Or.
Discipline of a Salesman.
Boston Transcript.
Girl Shopper Why did you make
that poor salesman pull down all that
stuff and then not buy anything?
Second Ditto Why, the mean fel
low was in a car yesterday and never
offered me his seat, though I looked
right at him; so I Just decided I would
get even.
Buzzard to War Plane
By Deaa Collins.
Circle and circle and circle and swing.
Great white brother of great whit
wing!
Circle for circle my own wings black
Follow your spiralling, airy track!
Over the city I watch you stoop,
Where shivering man-things huddle
and cling
Like frightened chicks at the gray
hawk's swoop.
Quick! From your steely talons
fling
The scattering death in the crowded
coop,
For my craw Is empty and hungering.
Circle and circle and circle and swing.
Great white brother with great white
wing!
Circle and circle and circle and swing.
Great white brother with great white
wing!
From what weird nest, from what
strange egg broke.
Do you mount through the shimmering
drifts of smoke?
And what Is the flaming seed you sow,
As over the man-packed field you
soar.
That blooms In death on the earth
below;
That strews the soil that you hover
o'er
With richer feast than my beak might
know
In many a weary year before?
Circle and circle and circle and swing.
Great white brother with great white
wing!
Circle and circle and circle and swing.
Man-hatched brother with tireless wing!
Circle for circle with wings outspread.
I follow, hovering overhead.
You are the pilot bird to me
Guiding to richer gorging still:
I circle and wait here hungrily
And whet my beak as I wait your
kill:
I wait till the red feast lies for me
To settle and perch and gulp my fill.
Circle and circle and circle and swing,
Giver of food and guide to the feast.
You are a god. and I your priest.
Man-halehed brother with tireless wing.
j Twenty-Five Year Ago
From The Oregon. September a, IS9.
Walla Walla The complete ticket
nominated at the Republican conven
tion of Washington Territory follows:
For Congress. John L Wilson, of Spo
kane: for Governor, E. P. Ferry, of
King; for Lieutenant-Governor, C. B.
Langton. of Okanogan; for Secretary
of State, Allen Weir, of Jefferson; for
State Treasurer. A. Lindsley, of Clark;
for Auditor. T. M. Reed, of Thuton:
for Attorney-General. W. C. Jonas, of
Spokane: for Superintendent of Public
Instruction. R B. Bryan, of Chehalla;
for Commissioner of Public Lands, W.
T. Forrest of Lewis; for Supreme
Court R O. Dunbar, of Klickitat;
Theodore L Stiles, of Pierc: John P.
Hoyt of King; T. J. Anders, of Walla
Walla, and Elmore Scott of Garfield.
Seattle A desperate attempt was
made to murder Day Jailer Patrick
Farraher yesterday morning by the
prisoners of the County Jail. The
jailer was seriously wounded and
slashed with s rasor and he was
kicked and pommeled Three prison
ers, Barney Martin, Jnme Davis and
Charles Clark, got outside the Jail
grounds, but Davis was shot. Tb
three prisoners later war captured.
Spokane Falls The Spokan poat
offlca fore of clerks has threatened
to strike tomorrow on account of the
small allowance for salaries. The
Portland, Or. clerk of railway mail
service and one at San Francisco hav
been telegraphed to com to Spokan
Falls and be prepared to mak up the
malls If necessary. Postmastsr Peel
said today the clerks had agreed to
remain at work until the relief cam.
London The great London dock
strike has practically ended.
The handsome and fast steamer
Wasco Is to be sold Tuesday morning
by the United States Marshal under a
Federal Court docree. The Wasco was
built to run on th Upper Columbia
Mrs. R. H. L Townsend, a New
York lady, well known for her benev
olence, has been visiting Iter relatives,
J. H. Valentine and F. Dayton, this
week. She Is accompanied by Miss
Nichols, of Brooklyn. Mrs. Townsend
erected at her own expense the wom
an's annex to Bellevue Hospital and
recently built a memorial ehapl for
the use of the patients.
A lonely widow of West Virginia
has written to Postmaster Koby In
quest of a husband. She wants a
bachelor. Christian, not under 15.
G. G. Gammans was Injured Monday
night, when he seized by the bridle a
runaway horse. He was thrown
against a woodpile and painfully hurt.
He was taken to Mrs. Hill's boarding
house and Dr. Bevan and Henderson
Deady attended his Injuries.
General Secretary C. W. Beers, of
the Y. M. C. A., has Just Issued the
monthly bulletin of the association. It
contains Rev. T. DeWItt Talmage's
discourse delivered at the Tabernacle
August 25.
Mrs. Anna J. White has just returned
from Europe.
Henry E. Dosch, late of the firm of
Akin, Selling A Co., has been ap
pointed agent for the Norwich Union,
an old-established fire Insurance com
pany. His office will be 29 Stark
street
John Green and Boss Schenck, who
have been In California for some
months, left for New York Tuesday,
much Improved In health.
Dr. J. T. Dixon left last night for
Europe.
Rev. Thomas Boyd, having returned
from his vacation, will conduct the
Fourth Presbyterian Church service
Sunday as usual.
Among the marriage licenses yester
day was one for A. S. Guyer and Miss
Nora Chapman. The brlde-elct Is
only 16 and her parents' consent was
necessary.
Jack Dempsey. pugilist returned
from San Francisco yesterday, show
ing but little trace of the terrific bat
tle with La Blanche. The only mark
Is one on the nose caused by the
knockout blow. Dempsey takes his
defeht philosophically. H says he Is
still lightweight champion and Is will
ing to meet the Marine again.
Mrs. E. L Thompson, of Albany, ii
visiting her sister, Mrs. A .B. Slauson,
of East Portland.
Wallace It. Struble, secretary of the
Oregon Immigration Board, submitted
his annual report yesterday.
Mrs. P. Frledlander, who left Satur
day to visit her brother, A. C. Sommer,
at Harrlsburgi has returned.
Dr. A. D. Walker has declared that
th Willamette River water la purr
than ordinarily credited.
F. H. Hamilton, attorney, ha ar
rived to Investigate the title of th
Brownfleld family to property In Port
land valued at $4. 000,000 to $5,000,000.
YESTERYEAR'S WHOLESOME VIEWS
Old-time Pride lu Man of sserest
Exalted, by Writer.
DALLAS. Or.. Sept. 6. (To the Edi
tor.) I resd with Interest th speech
of Mr. Booth, published in The Orego
nlan. There was a time. In thl coun
try, when men spoke with pride of
the poor boy who became prominent
either In politics or business
"Rall-Splittlnc Abe."
"The Mill Boy of th Slash"
Henry Clay.
"The son of a poor Nw Hampshire
farmer" Daniel Webster.
These are a few samples.
Now the cry seems to b: "Don't
vote for him: he has been a success."
For my part 1 prefer th old-tint
pride In the man of success.
GLEN O. HOLM AN.
Meanlag of "Mnratorlasa."
PORTLAND. Bept . (To th Edi
tor.) I have notleed several times In
the war reports the word "moratori
um" and have not been able to find
any definition of It
Kindly enlighten your readers on
the meaning of this word end obllg.
INFORMATION.
The meaning of the word "mora
torium" was explained at some length
In The Oregonlan, September $, page 4.
The new Standard Dictionary gives
the following brief definition:
"Moratorium An emergency act of
legislation authorising a debtor or
bank to suspend payment for a given
penoo. mm
Talk It Over Time
This Is the season when husband
and wife and family sit down to
plan out the tblnga they need.
It Is talk-lt-over time the period
when they are most Interested In
suggestions from manufacturer and
merchant.
Naturally they turn, to the adver
tising In their favorite paper Just
aa they turn to It for "war news."
It Is the psychological moment for
newspaper advertising especially
for goods that directly effect th
horn.
Merchants and manufacturers who
present their caae now through this
newspaper will reap rewards In the