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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 24, 1914)
THE MORXING OREGONIAN. MONDAY, AUGUST 24, 1914. 8 ; i BiMB VIEWS AT KIAU-CHAU, PROSPECTIVE SCENE OF SIEGE. GERMANS LENIENT TOWARD CAPTIVES JAPAN HAS THREE FOR WAR ency Call An Pledges Given to People of Brussels and Requisitions Paid For in Cash. Retaliation Upon, and Envy of, Germany, as Well as Brit ish Friendship, Assigned. BARRICADES HELP TERMS AMERICAN PEACE DESIRED Emerg REASONS U. B. Miller, Former Consul-General in Kar East, Discusses Condi ditions and Predicts Method of Attack on Tsin-Tau. "In declaring: war on Germany, Japan Is taking advantage of an unpreced ented opportunity, for she is offered a chance to retaliate upon Germany for past Injury, to check her most dan gerous commercial rival in Asiatic trade, and to show her friendliness to ward' Great Britain," declared H. B. Miller, recognized authority on the Orient, yesterday. Mr. Miller was Consul-General of the United States In Shanghai during the Boxer rebel lion, in Manchuria during the Russo Japanese war, and later was Consul Cieneral in Japan for five years. "It goes back quite a few years," he said, in explanation. "When China fought with Japan the Japanese cap tured tne Llao Tung peninsula. Japan planned to extend her military, naval and commercial supremacy over Man churia by means of this territory which was ceded to her after the war, but Russia, Germany and France Joined in a demand that Japan should give up this territory. "Shortly after, the same ;rritory was practically ceded to Russia. Its occupation by Russia and the exten sion of Russian influence in Corea brought on the Russo-Japanese war. liver since the first Interference of the powers Japan has felt a severe resentment against Germany, as well as the other nations. Japan could not fail to take advantage of this op 7ortunity to repay Germany for her interference, and enters into the move ment to oust Germany from China with much glee and satisfaction. Germany Trade Competitor, "Another reason why Japan is espe cially anxious to drive out Germany," went on Mr. Miller, "is that Germany is the most strenuous commercial com petitor Japan has in Asia. One-half of Japan's trade is with China. Ger many's ownership of the Important commercial harbor on Kiau-Chau Bay and her development of railway com munication with the interior has been looked upon by Japan as a menace to her commercial development. If she can pay her debt of ill-will to Ger many, of obligation to Great Britain, and at the same time restrict the com mercial expansion of Germany in China, it is an opportunity she cannot afford to miss. "The history of Japan since her new life of modern development indicates that she has but one definite political motive, and that is to become master of Asia. That is her well-defined pur pose and laudable ambition. To my mind it Is a fundamental fact that any power which gets a foothold on the Asiatic continent in a way that en dangers the supremacy of Japan will meet with her determined opposition. She will fight Germany, Russia, France, the United States, or any nation which undertakes to interfere with her plans and ambitions in the Orient." I nit. mi States Conflict Scoffed. "Alarmists say that Japan's step will culminate in bringing the United States Into the conflict, by one means or an other; do you think it will?" was asked of Mr. Miller. "1 have given this matter much thought," he replied, "but I can see no way by which the United States will ever get Into war with Japan, except ing by our interference with her plans to dominate the Orient. Japan has a strong desire to be friendly with this country due to the kindly treatment she has received since Perry opened her country to the commerce of the world, together with her selfish commercial Interests. She realizes that amicable relations between this nation and Japan are desirable, as she has every thing to gain and nothing to lose." Asked what he believed Japan would do with the territory about the bay of Kiau-Chau. if she captured it, Mr. Mil ler said: "Japan will return the territory to China, only, providing that Great Britain requires it of her. Any other return will be at the demand of some obligation from China." The attack on the fortifications of Tsin Tao on the bay of Kiau-Chau will be conducted much the same as were the advances on Port Arthur, according to Mr. Miller. The city of Tsin Tao, now controlled by Germans, together with a strip of territory about the Kiau-Chau Bay, is on a fine harbor which was not developed until the Ger mans took possession. Now It is a commercial center, with a German rail road to the interior which taps the fer tile valley of the Yellow river. Com mercial development has been along substantial and permanent lines, at the same time the fortifications for the city as a naval base were being constructed. "There is no doubt but that the fortifications at Tsin Tao are efficient, hut the city will not be as difficult to take as was Port Arthur," said Mr. Mil ler. "Doubtless, since war rumors be gan. Tsin Tao has been preparing. Thousands of Chinese laborers could have been hired at less than 25 cents a day to throw up earthworks. When last 1 was there a long line of disap pearing guns had been installed, effec tive against both land and sea attack, but much more has been done since. Method of Attack Predicted. "The hills about Tsin Tao are not so abrupt as those at Port Arthur and the country is not so rocky, making it less difficult for the attacking party. The plan of attack on land doubtless will be similar to that at Port Arthur the advance of small parties at night which, getting a foothold on the hill side, throw up earthworks and begin tunneling toward the fortifications. When close enough to the forts, the defenses would be blown up. This is the only way of successful approach, I believe. "Tsin Tao is doubtless well provided to withstand a siege and there prob ably are provisions on hand to last a j-ear. Water would be no problem, for wells are plentiful." I I sat - - iflv. , " " THESE VIEWS ARE FROM SNAPSHOTS TAKEN BY HON. H. B. MILLER, WHILE HE WAS STATIONED IN THE FAR EAST IN AMERICAN CON SULAR SERVICE. LEASE CEDES RIGHT German Sovereignty in Kiau Chau Given for 99 Years. ALL POWERS DISPLEASED AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS FIT English Xext Ablest Among Those Who Would Aid France. PARIS. Aug. 23AU the Americans who thus far have sought to enlist in the French army have been found physically fit and in excellent condition for service. The English were next In physical efficiency to the Americana The greatest rejection among the volunteers has been the Russians, many of whom suffered from defective vision. Poles and Italians were next in order With, disabilities. Grant Especially Distasteful to Rns sla, Japan and England Czar Once Persuaded by Shrewd Diplomacy to Assent. . WASHINGTON, Aug. 23. The terms of the convention between China and Germany by which Kiau-Chau was ceded to the latter country for a pe riod of 99 years are a matter of diplo matic record here. They are substan tially as follows: China engages to permit the free passage of German troops at any time within a zone of 50 kilometers sur rounding the Bay of Kiau-Chau at high water (amounting to about 200 square miles. China abstains from taking any measures or issuing any ordinances therein without the previ ous consent of Germany. China shall place no obstacles in the way of any regulation of the water courses which may prove to be necessary. China cedes to Germany on lease provisionally for 99 years both sides of the entrance of the Bay of Kiau Chau. Germany engages to construct at a suitable moment, on the territory thus leased, fortifications for the pro tection of buildings to be constructed there and of the entrance to thd harbor. Sovereignty Ceded by China. In order to avoid the possibility of conflicts, China will abstain from ex ercising rights of sovereignty in the ceded territory during the term of the lease and leaves the exercise of same to Germany. Should Germany at some future time express the wish to return Kiau-Chau to China before the expiration of the lease, China engages to refund to Ger many the expenditure she has incurred at Kiau-Chau and to cede to Germany a more suitable place. Germany en gages at no time to sublet the terri tory to another power. The Chinese population in the ceded territory shall at all times enjoy the protection of the German government, provided that they behave in conform ity with law and order; unless their land is required for other purposes they may remain there. If land be longing to Chinese owners is required for any other purpose the owner will receive compensation. China sanctions the construction by Germany of two lines of railway in Shangtung. The first will run from Kiau-Chau and Tsinan-fu to the boun dary of Shantung province via Nei hsien, Tsinchow. Pashan, Tsechuen and Suiping. The second line will connect Kiau-Chau with Chinchow, whence an extension will be constructed to Tfjinan through Laiwu-hsien. The construc tion of this extension shall not be be gun until the main line is completed. China will allow German subjects to uia r,A Havainn mining nronerty for a distance of 30 11 from each side of these railways and along tne wnoie extent of the lines. tilna Itaalf In all rnpfis Where v . 11 . nn. M . . . . . foreign assistance in persons, capital or material may ne neeaea iui uj im pose whatever within the province of ..- nffar thp. Raid work or supplying of materials, in the first in stance, to German manufacturers and merchants engaged in undertakings of the kind in question. Lease Signed Under Compnlslon. The Kiau-Chau convention was con cluded on March 6, 1898, between Ger many and China. It was the outcome of the murder by Chinese of two Ger man missionaries belonging to the mis sion of Bishop Anzer. Bishop Anzer conferred with the German Minister in Pekin. The German Minister was or dered to press for the fullest and most exacting reparations on the part of China. Before China answered this protest a German squadron suddenly appeared in Kiau-Chau Bay and landed a strong detachment of marines and hoisted the German flag. The Chinese government, under the circumstances, was compelled to sign the convention proposed by Germany. The German occupation of Kiau Chau was distasteful to all powers, especially Russia, Japan and England. When Germany planted her flag in Kiau-Chau the Russian government ad dressed to Berlin a strong protest. Then the German Emperor had a con ference with the Czar and by shrewd diplomacy pursuaded the Russian Em peror to connive at the German occu pation. The German occupation was anything but pleasant to Japan. Only two years before Germany, in conjunction with Russia and France, ordered Japan, in a most overbearing manner, to withdraw from the Llau-tung Peninsula, which Japan secured from China as the result of a war which cost Japan a nunarea thousand lives and billions of dollars Obstacles of Xo Military Value Are Factor in Obtaining Conces sions City Remains Quiet and Dignified. LONDON. Aug. 23. A Times dispatch from Brussels sa s the German com mander. General Slxtus von Arnim, has caused the following proclamation to he nlflMriiud In RrllrAls! 'iierman troops will pass through T)rii;a0le tnrlnv :itiH nn f n 1 1 rt w 1 n T rl n. V S a m A ara rtHlio-H Yw ftr'iimslanrPii t .1 demand from the city lodging, food ana supplies, ah inese mailers win o arranged through the municipal au thoritles. Aggression to Be Punished. "I expect the population to conform ItaAlf without ronktnn.p ti thp.RA necessities of war and particularly to commit no act 01 aggiessiuri aguiiisi the safety of the troops and promptly to furnish the supplies demanded. In this case I give every guarantee for the "preservation or the city and the safety of the inhabitants. If, how ever, there should be. as unfortunately there has been elsewhere, any act oi airtrression against the soldiers, the hnrnitio- nf hn i 1 rl i n e-s nr ATrnlosions o any kind. I shall be compelled to take the severest measures. Requisitions Paid For In Cash. An interview between the Burgomas ter of Brussels and General von Arnim had the following results: First, the German troops were to have free passage through Brussels; second, a garrison of 3000 men was to be quartered in the Dailly and Sehaer beek barracks; third, requisitions were to- be paid for in casn; fourth there was to be respect for the inhab itants and for public and private prop erty; fifth, the management of public affairs by the municipal adminlstra tion was to be free from German con trol. The Germans have re-established tramway, telephone and postal serv ices. Trains are running towards Liege and even the telegraph line to Germany is working. The population supports the Burgomaster with enthu slasm, regarding him as the savior of the city. Barricades Are Only Ruse. The barricades and trenches, which were thrown up in the suburbs and on the outskirts of the city, were only a ruse on the part of the Belgians. The object of the general staff was to make the Germans believe when they arrived that Brussels had decided to make a defense. German aeroplanes, owing to the height at which they were obliged to fly, were unable to discover that these obstacles were of no military value. Thanks to this sub terfuge, Brussels obtained very light conditions from the enemy. The city remains quiet and dignified. The cafes are still open, although two-thirds of the shops have been shut. The cafes are closed at J o'clock. Newspapers are not appearing. The milk supply is falling. According to a German officer, the objective of the German troops is Mons, but soldiers say that their lead ers have told them certain regiments are bound for Antwerp. WAR FORMALLY DECLARED (Continued From First Page.) Japan and Germany since noon today (Japanese time) and that a declaration of .war was issued at 6 P. M. It was said at the embassy that the formal declaration of war probably would not be delivered to Germany, partly because of the difficulties of communication and also because it was considered unnecessary. Germany, having failed to return an answer within the time set by Japans ulti matum, it was said, the declaration of war was automatic. A copy of Japan's declaration was delivered to the State Department by the embassy today. Charge Haniel Von Haimhausen, of the German embassy, received no formal notification of Japan's declara tion, although he learned of it unoffi cially. He said he was entirely with out advices from Berlin. Trout Fry Planted In Clarke. VANCOUVER. Wash., Aug. 23. (Spe cial.) Forty thousand trout fry were planted in this county today through J. M. Hoff, game warden for Clarke County. In Whipple Creek, Mr. Hoff and his son, M. M. Hoff, planted 10,000; in Salmon Creek, 10,000; and Frank Wilrnx Dlantpd 20,000 in the Big Washougal River. TEXT OF JAPAN'S DECLARATION OF WAR ON GERMANY. i WASHINGTON, Aug. 23. Japan's declaration of war on Germany, made public at the Japanese Embassy here today, is as follows: "The Imperial Rescript, issued at Tokio, August 23, 6 P. M.: We. by the grace of heaven. Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne oc cupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial, do hereby make the following proclamation to all our loyal and brave subjects: "We hereby declare war against Germany and we command our army and navy to carry on hostilities against that empire with all their strength, and we also command all our competent authorities to make every effort, in pursuance of their respective duties, to at tain the national aim by all means within the limits of the law of na tions. "Since the outbreak of the present war in Europe the calamitous effect of which we view with grave concern, we, on our part, have entertained hopes of preserving peace in the Far East by the main tenance of strict neutrality but the action df Germany has at length compelled Great Britain, our ally, to open hostilities against that country, and Germany is at Kiau-Chau, its leased territory in China, busy with warlike preparations, while its armed vessels, cruis ing seas of Eastern Asia, are threatening our commerce and that of our ally. The peace of the Far East is thus in jeopardy. "Accordingly, our government and that of His Britannic Majesty, after full and frank communication with each other, agreed to take such measures as may be necessary for the protection of the general interests, contemplated in the agreement of alliance, and we, on our part being desirous to attain that object by peaceful means, com manded our government to offer, with sincerity, advice to the Im perial German government. "By the last day appointed for the purpose, however, our govern ment failed to receive an answer accepting their advice. It is with profound regret that we, in spite of our ardent devotion to the cause of peace, are thus compelled to declare war, especially at this early period of our reign and while we are still in mourning for our la mented mother. ...... "It Is our earnest wish that by loyalty and valor of our faithful subjects peace may soon be restored and the glory of the empire be enhanced." SIX AMERICANS TO REMAIN Women and Children at Tsing-Tau Housed in Barracks. PEKIN, Aug. 23. Nearly 100 women and children from Tsing-tau, the seat of government of the German territory of Kiau-Chau, are being housed in the barracks of the German legation guard, the soldiers having gone to Tsing-tau. Other women and children from the German seaport are being cared for at Tien-tsin, Shanghai and elsewhere. Six Americans have elected to remain at Tsing-tau during the siege B. Vogt, his wife and daughter, W. R. Peck, Edgar Copy and A. M. Brace. A. M. Brace, who is mentioned in the Pekin dispatch as one of six Amer icans who have elected to remain at Tsing-Tau during the operations of the Japanese land and naval forces against the Germans, is the corre spondent of the Associated Press and Reuter's Telegram Company. On the presentation of Japan's ulti matum to Germany, Mr. Brace was or dered to proceed from Shanghai to report developments at the capital of the German protectorate. His first dispatch announcing preparations for the defense of Tsing-Tau was received Sunday. JAPAN NOT TO RETAIN PORT Statesman Says Empire Would Avoid Angering America. KARIZAWAKYU. Japan, Aug. 23. Saburo Shimada, a member of the op position in Parliament, in an address here today before the Summer colony, which includes many Americans, said that he believed Japan had no desire to keep Kiau-Chau. He asserted that it was Japan's policy to prevent a stir-up in China. "The retaining of Kiau-Chau," he said, "would mean the danger of a rev olution in China and Incurring tne in will of America. Japan is appreciative of Germany's contribution to Japanesre civilization, but is resentful because the Kaiser first raised the cry of tne vellow Deril' and Germany directed a combination to oust Japan from Port Arthur in 1895." The lifting of the receiver, a quiet call for help with out the use of light or need for mechanical manipulation immediately places a watchful "central" to work in your behalf, sending aid. The call of emergency may be necessary in the dead of night when every second is of vital importance or when a light would defeat your purpose. A woman, child or man may sometime find the dire need for this Safety Insurance. 42,557 Pacific Telephones in Portland stand guard day and night. Do you have this protection? An Extension telephone in your residence costs only 50 cents per month. The added protection is worth a great deal more. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company Sales Department Main 8800 The Telephone Building, Oak and Park Streets Tsing-tau and the territory of Kiau- Chau is complete. News of German victories in Europe have been circu lated and has Increased the confidence of the defending forces. The Governor of Kiau-Chau, Mever Waldeck, has is sued a proclamation saying: "If the enemy wishes Tsing-tau, ne must come and take it. He will find us at our posts. We look confidently into the future and are well prepared to receive the enemy." The German Emperor sent a message to the Governor on August 19 ordering him to defend Tsing-tau to the utmost. German Reply Is Silence. LONDON. Aug. 23. A dispatch to Reuter's Telegram Company from Am sterdam says an official communica tion received there from Berlin says that the Japanese diplomatic represen tative in the German ' capital today received by word of mouth the Ger man answer to the Japanese ulti matum. This was that the German govern ment had no reply to make to the Jap anese demands. The government there fore was obliged to recall the German ambassador at Tokio and hand his passports to the Japanese charge d'affaires at Berlin. SERVIANS IN n Report From Nish Says Aus trians Were Routed. TWO COMMANDERS KILLED MARCH LIKE TIDAL WAVE (Continued From First Page.) Kian-Chau Governor Defiant TSING-TATT. China man preparation on Aug. 23. Ger the defense of phasize this disguising uniform it is because of all the details of the Ger man outfit, it appealed as one of the most remarkable. French Can Be Seen Afar. . The other day when I was with the roar guard of French Dragoons and the curaissers they threw out picKets we could distinguish them against the green forests at half a mile, while the men passing in the street when they have reached next crossing be come merged into tne grey oi ine paving stones and the earth swallows them. In comparison the yellow khaki of our own American Army Is about as invisible as the flag of Spain. Yesterday Major-General von Jarot zky, the military governor, assured Burgomaster Max that the army would not occupy the city but would pass through it. It is still passing. I have followed in the campaigns of six armies, but excepting not even our own men nor the British have not seen one so thoroughly equipped. I am not speaking of the fighting quality of any army, only of Its equipment and or ganization. It moves into this city as smoothly, as compactly as the Empire State Express. There were no halts, no open places, no stragglers. It has been in active service three weeks, and so far there is not apparently a chin strap nor horseshoe missing. It came in with the smoke pouring from the cook stoves on wheels, and in an hour had set up postoffice wagons, from where mounted messengers galloped along the line of the column distributing letters and at which soldiers posted picture cards. Men March In Solid Ranks. The infantry came in files of live with 200 men in each company, and the lancers in columns of four with not a pennant missing. The quick-firing guns and field pieces were one hour at a time in passing, each gun with its caisson and ammunition wagon taking 20 seconds in which to pass. The men of the infantry sang "Fatherland, My Fatherland," between each line of the song taking three steps. At times 2000 men were singing together in absolute rhythm, the beat of the melody giving way to a silence broken only by the stamp of iron-shod boots and then again rising. When the singing ceased the bands played marches. They were followed by the rumble of siege guns, creaking of wheels, chains clanking against cobblestones and the sharp, bell-like voices of bugles. During seven hours the army passed in such a solid column that not once might a taxicab or trolley pass through. Like a river of steel it flowed, gray and ghost-ltke, and then as dusk came and as thousands of horses' hoofs and thou sands of iron boots continued to tramp forward they struck tiny sparks from the stones, but the horses and men who beat out the sparks were invisible. At midnight pack wagons and siege guns were still passing. At 7 this morning I was awakened by the tramp of the men and a band playing jauntily. Whether they marched all night I do not know, but now for 26 hours gray army has rumbled by with the mystery of a fog and the pertinacity of a steam roller. 1 Servians Kstimate Strength of Foe at Nearly 200,000 and Say Own Forces, Numerically Weaker, Showed Greater Heroism. NISH. Servia. Aug. 23. (Via Lon don.) The foiiowing official communi cation was made public here today: "After the great Servian victory, the Austrians fled in complete disorder be fore the Servian pursuit. "The 91st, the 102nd, the 110th and the 28th Austrian regiments have been completely routed. The commander-ln-chief of the 21st division of Austrian In fantry was killed, a was also the com mander of the 28th regiment. "Seventeen Austrian river craft have been sunk by the Servian artillery. "The details of tho great battle of August 20 are only now becoming known. The Austrian forces were com posed of nine divisions and numbered nearly 200.000 men. The Servians were much Inferior In numbers, but showed greater heroism. Their handling of their artillery, their superior marching and endurance, their discipline and the accuracy of their fire Insured them the victory. "During their flight the enemy com mitted atrocities in the villages of Bob ritch, Bogossavatz and Arashatx, slay ing women and children." LONDON, Aug. 23. A dispatch re ceived at the Servian legation here concerning the battle between tho Servian and Austrian forces says: "The Austrian force which the Servians defeated coislsted of nine di visions. They retired precipitately upon the bridges while artillery bat tles were in progress. In some cases the Servians reached the bridges be fore the enemy, cutting off their re treat. "In addition t 0 guns, the Aus trians abandoned great quantity of war material, horses, field hospitals r.nd fild kitchens." . ' .CHATEAU LAKE LOU1 s. Vlctorm a ,nyt Nature Gave the Scenery The Canadian-Pacific Comfort First, by building the world's greatest transporta tion system the Canadian Pacific right through the heart of the Canadian Rockies where the mag nificent scenery Fifty Switzerlands in One may be enjoyed without changing train or making side trips. Second, by building luxurious hotels in the most beautiful spots Banff, Lake Louise, Field, Glacier, Balfour, where in the intervals of mountain climbing, horseback riding, one may enjoy the sulphur water swimming pools, golf, boating and hshing. ICANAQIAN 1 PACIFIC L Everything Canadian-Pacific Standard none better For farther ptniculira call or write lor sooicm wo. - I'rank R. Johnson. Gen. Agt. . ifc '. M ultnomrtli I'uillnnd. Or r Store Closed People's Clothing Co., 104-106 Third Street, was forced to close its doors. $50,000 Stock and Fixtures must be sold in bulk at once. Submit bids to Attorneys for Creditors, Room 400, Chamber of Commerce.