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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 22, 1914)
lO tttt; mcvrxtxc oreFGoyrAy. fridat. stay 22, 1914. rtnrnro PORTLAND, OBEGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Foatofflc aa eecond-claaa mattar. u ascription Kaiee Invariably In Advance: (BI MAIL.) P"T. Bandar Included, one year SS.00 Dally, Eund&jr Included, six. monUie... pally, Sunday Included, tbree montna. I'aily, fcunday Included, one month.. .75 belly, wltnout Sunday, one year....... bally, wltdout Sunday, six monttaa. .... Pally, wltnout Sunday, tnree montna.. l.o Xialiy, without Sunday, one mouth. -Bo Weekly, one year S feunaa, one year. 2.&0 huuday auu Weekly, one year.... -u (BY CARRIES) Jlly, Sunday Included, one year . . .. . fjal jy, Sunday included, one month. ... -7a How to Uemit Send poatomce money or der, expreaa order or personal check on your Secal bank. Stampe, coin or currency are at coder's risk. tiive poatomce adore In tull. Including county and state. foetace ilatra la to ltt pasea, 1 cent: 18 to 'ii pasea, 2 centa; to 49 pases. 8 cents; u to ou pages, centa: si to pases. 4 cents; 7S to VI pases. U cents. Jforelga post age, double rates. Hasten atoainess OfHcee Verree Conk rtn. Mew York, bruuiwick buildlns. Chi- o, Buier building. baa ft'raacisco Omce ft. J. Bidwell Co. T4a Market street. PORTLAND, FRIDAY, MAV 22, 1914. A HARBINGER, OF GOOD TIMES. If historic parallels go for anything, the present business depression should be prelude to a corresponding period of activity. Not only one but a com , bination of such parallels Justify this expectation. There have- been excep tions, but the rule holds good. The depression which began In 1867 was followed by a time of prosperity continuing till 1873. Stagnation set in with the panic of that year and lasted till 1879. The depression of 1893 to 1897 was followed by a -boom beginning In 1897 and reaching its height in the next two years. A sim ilar period of rapid recovery Is due as a sequel to the panic of 1907 and the succeeding years of liquidation. A potent influence, if not the most potent, is the prospective bumper wheat crop.' Harvest of Winter wheat Is only two weeks distant on the southern edge of the wheat belt, and, unless sudden disaster should come, the crop will be the greatest in the country's history. Government esti mates ara shown by state authorities and private experts to have been too low and the total of Winter wheat is ow predicted to reach 630,000,000 boshels, compared with 523,000,000 bushels last year. The old crop has been cleaned up more thoroughly than ever throughout the West. This fact will counteract the depressing ef fect which the holdover usually has On prices. The Middle West has bor rowed heavily and will hasten to turn over its crop that it may realize and pay its debts before the Spring wheat crop breaks prices. Pressure is being put on railroads by bankers to move the crop promptly, and every car will be set in motion. When the crop has been sold, buying of merchandise may be expected to revive. The volume of this buying will depend on the size of the Spring wheat and corn crops, which is as yet a more uncertain quantity than Winter wheat. Wheat has repeatedly modified the adverse effect of events and has opened periods of revival. In 1890 the markets were deranged by the Baring failure, but a great wheat crop in 1891 brought sharp recovery. The bumper crop of 1898 started a period of prosperity and another such crop in 1901 counteracted the effects of the Northern Pacific panic, the corn crop's failure and McKinley's assas sination. Another such crop in 1906 postponed for a year the crash which was already due, and partial revivals in 1909 and 1912 are traceable to a like cause. One striking exception is 1913, when the wheat crop was good, but the financial condition of Europe and the small corn crop were adverse influences. Business failed to revive after big wheat crops in 1877 and 1878, but at that time the money mar ket was disturbed by agitation against resumption of specie payments and in favor of free sliver; also by France's resumption of specie pay ments. When this country resumed, a change for the better came without regard to Europe's troubles. A favorable symptom is the easy money market, though business stag nation has contributed to its ease. While the great state banks of Europe are adding to their hoards of gold, our banks have so much surplus re serve that they can export gold with out causing tightening of the Ameri can money market. We are on the eve of a reorganization of the bank ing system which will make the sup ply of money correspond to the legiti mate "demand and will prevent crop moving demands from draining the supply from Eastern centers. Causes of doubt in this country are the Mexican situation, the freight-rate case and anti-trust legislation. As to the last. New York is praying that Congress will do nothing, while the West is praying that Congress will do quickly "what it has in mind, for the West desires action and is skeptical as to the degree to which anti-trust laws will injure sound business. The worst obstacle to confidence is uncertainty, which will continue so long as Con gress remains in session and so long as the freight-rate case remains un decided. Representative Underwood attempted to sum up the popular tem per when he said: The people of the TJnlted States are not clamoring as much today for legislation as they are for an opportunity to do business. The people want legislation against trusts, notwithstanding denials ema nating from trust headquarters, but they want an end to delay and they want most of all, as Mr. Underwood says, opportunity to do business. Nat ural and financial conditions are fa vorable: now let the President and Congress make governmental condi tions equally so. THE PICTURES AT THE SALON. The Salon where French artists ex hibit their paintings is said to offer a glorious spectacle this Spring. There are some 6000 pictures on the walls, of which a few are by Americans. The most notable work, perhaps, is Edgar Maxence's "Les Oraisons," which de picts two sisters of mercy at their prayers in a church. Their faces are "suffused with devotional light." Their white caps surround their faces ."like a nimbus." An old red missal gives the scene the only color it has. The renown of Maxence's work is one among the many evidences in lit erature and art of a medieval reac tion. Those who wish to trace it in the United States may find valuable guidance in recent essays published in the Atlantic Monthly, where the fas cination of old Italian church cere monies is strongly Insisted upon. Another attractive picture in this Spring's salon is Jean Lefevre's "L.es cjclades." which represents four fe male figures either walking or reclin- 'ing on the seashore, "each in perfect harmony and purity of line." Color Is supplied in this picture by fruit piled upon the ground and the blue of the sounding sea. But the picture most interesting to Americans is, no doubt, that of Presi dent Wilson by Louis Dube, though it is not described as a very successful work of art. The critics says that "It is hard and .conventional" In tlfe hands of a truly great artist Mr. Wil son's features ought to lend them selves to something pretty fine, but works of dubious merit occasionally makes their way into the Paris Salon. There is a portrait by Henri Royer of Myron T. Herrick, the American Am bassador to Paris, which is reported to be better than that of the Presi dent. "The most delightful portrait on exhibition" is by an American, Richard Miller. It is the picture of a woman in a wine-colored dress, "ex tremely dainty and charming." It is pleasing to see our artists tak ing rank with the best of the Old World, though as yet it seems necessary for them to live and work abroad in order to attain to such emi nence. No doubt some day we shall see French artists coming to the United States for patronage and in spiration, while our exhibitions will draw great pictures from all parts of the iworld. WHOSE BUSINESS The Albany Daily Democrat, refer ring to The Oregonian, says: "Hundreds of Democrats questioned the propriety of the leading Republican paper in the state Interfering in a Democratic pri mary election." The indications are that things are going to the dogs, for pretty soon hundreds of Democrats will question the propriety of the Reading Republican paper in the state Interfering with the election of a Democratic Governor, and what will happen to the smaller Re publican papers is a matter of conjec ture. Albany Herald. . The Oregonian sought to restrain the Democratic party from making a great blunder; but its counsel was rejected. In the great whirligig of time the ides of November will roll around, and even the Democrats will discover that The Oregonian would have saved them from the terrible humiliation of a crushing defeat. Yet of course The Oregonian will not pretend that it had undertaken from altruistic motives the herculean task of correcting the Democracy's chronic proneness to error. Not at all. Nor is it much disturbed now by the complaint that It was interfering In a Democratic family affair. When did the Democratic party and the Demo cratic press of Oregon set the exam ple of minding their own business in primary elections? CURRENT FICTION. The unsuspecting citizen who reads the Congressional Record with any idea that it contains a faithful ac count, consecutively presented, of the sayings and doings of Congress, has no good reason for remaining long in ignorance; for the facts are soon ap parent. For example, in current is sues, pages 8689 and 8690, will be found the following: (Mr. Dies addressed the committee. His remarks will appear hereafter.) Mr. Davis Mr. Chairman, I yield one hour to the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Ford- ney. (Applause.) (Mr. Fordney addressed the committee. His remarks will appear hereafter.) Mr. Davs I yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Farr). (Mr. Farr addressed the committee. His remarks will appear hereafter.) Mr. Bartlett I yield to the gentleman from Kansas (Mr. Connelly). (Mr. Connelly, of Kansas, addressed the committee. His remarks will appear here- rter.j (Mr. Burke, of Wisconsin, addressed the committee. His remarks will appear here after.) Mr. Reilly, of Wisconsin, addressed the committee. His remarks will appear here after.) (Mr. Austin addressed the committee. His remarks will appear hereafter.) The New York Evening Post, which rescues these illuminating gems from the Record, admits that they are not absolutely consecutive; but it Is clear that they are the real landmarks of two pages of more or less dreary debate. Truth is, of course, that the Con gressional Record is the repository of the political opinions and personal ambitions of all Congressmen, and not a few others, and what appears there may or may not have been spoken in debate. But it is useful matter for the Congressman who de sires re-election, as all Congressmen do. Congressman Lafferty used to send out to his constituents whole barrel fuls of speeches never made, or, if made, never listened to; and we may look for a great flood this Fall from Senator Chamberlain. The average candidate for Congress can spend nothing but money in his campaign, and very little of that; but the incum bent has at his disposal all the limit less resources of the Government Printing Office and of the United States mails. A RECALL WITHOUT POLITICS. In Washington, in adopting the re call, an attempt was made to eliminate political influence and ambition as factors, but an obstacle has been en countered in the working of the plan. There, when the recall of an pfficer is sought, opposing candidates are not named, but in the event the offi cer is removed by vote of the people the vacancy is filled as though it had been caused by death or resignation or removal from the district or state. The plan does not apply to those cities which have provided a differ ent method by charter. But it has been discovered in two instances where recall of members of a Board of County Commissioners was sought that if two vacancies were created they would be filled by the remaining one member, while it is said that if all three were recalled there would be no method of nam ing a new Board. It seems that Washington has a law of succession in the event the Governor dies or resigns and the Gov ernor' is empowered to fill vacancies In state offices. The County Com missioners fill county vacancies by appointment, but apparently the framers of the constitution did not contemplate any cataclysm or misfor tune that would deprive a county of its Commissioners. There is some talk now of adopting the plan of naming candidates in a recall elec tion, but if the purpose is to facili tate the recall it is well to remember that sometimes a recall fails at the inception because no candidates can be found who are willing to seek the rllace of the incumbent whose recall is desired. Recalls have been started in Ore gon and then dropped for lack of candidates, though we doubt that the constitution is mandatory that candi dates shall be named for a recall election. The Oregon constitution seems to be broad enough to permit the application of the Washington method and there is no general stat ute that prohibits It. We rather like the Washington re call system. It is more likely than any other yet devised to confine the issues of a recall campaign to the of ficial acts of the accused incumbent. Moreover, if two members of the Board of County Commissioners are so unworthy as to deserve removal while one is worthy to remain in of fice, it would seem to be better to remove the two and let the worthy member appoint their successors than to attempt to get along with a Board of which the majority is unfit. We fancy, too, that if all three were recalled some method would be found to fill their places. At least it ought to be a simple matter to provide one by legislative enactment. SEND WESTERN SOU. EXPERTS. There seems to be no end to the delays which are put in the way of constructing the West Umatilla Irriga tion works. When Secretary Lane has definitely decided in favor of the project and other hindrances are re moved, soil experts pronounce the soil unfruitful. If the manner in which condemnation by Government experts of a similar project in Cali fornia was proved unjust by private enterprise be any criterion, the opin ions of such men should be taken with a grain of salt or alkali. The best judge of Western soil is a Western man who has added to knowledge gained In the laboratory that gained in the field as a farmer. Such a man could be found at 'the Agricultural College at Corvallis, or at Bozeman, Mont. The Government is too prone to 'send men from the East and South to report as experts on Western problems. They are not experts as to this section until they have become familiar with Western conditions. If, as The Oregonian dis patch from Washington intimates to be the purpose, other men should be sent to report on West Umatilla, it is to be hoped that they will be men to whom no suspicion of bias attaches and who possess the qualifications we have described. Oregon is weary of being the milk cow from which irrigation projects in other states are fed. It has been the most liberal contributor, in land of fice receipts, to the reclamation fund, and it should be the largest benefi ciary. There is work for the Oregon delegation in Congress to do, in" see ing that Oregon gets a square deal. AMERICAN" L1TERATERE. For' our really scientific English grammars we must go to Germany and before a great while we shall go to England for the best history of American literature. Such a work Is now in preparation for the Cambridge Press with Professor Trent for an editor. The history will be in two volumes and will cover the subject from colonial days down to the pres ent. Coming from British sources, it will doubtless take rather a conde scending attitude toward American authors, but we may assume that it will be impartial. The old suprem acy of New Enr.land will doubtless suffer a little diminution and more credit will be allowed to writers in other parts of the country. Most of the histories of American literature published up to this time have been written by men dwelling east of the " Allegheny Mountains who were hardly aware that the West and South existed at all. They occa sionally mentioned poets and novel ists in other sections, tut it was done stingily and without any thought that they might possess real merit. The East always speaks disparag ingly nd with some show of con tempt of "the Indiana school of fic tion." To the infallible critics of the Atlantic region it seems quite im possible that anybody dwelling far from Boston or New York should write a good poem or compose an interesting novel. The work of "pro vincial authors" must naturally be crude. Ignorant and childish. The typical Easterner cannot believe that there are great universities as far west as the Mississippi and polite lit erary circles even on the Pacific Coast. Hence our histories of litera ture thus far produced have been par tial and misleading. But this is - a trifling evil. Far worse is the meek submission of the West and South to the biased judg ment of the East. This slavish spirit tends to hinder the development of local genius. It blights local art and music. The consequence is that while the East goes to Europe for its in spiration, other parts of the country go to the East. The only genuine inspiration for great original work is always at home. We must learn to value local productions growing from local conditions before we shall ever do great literary or artistic work. RUSSIAN CONTRADICTIONS. A recent writer in the New York Times calls Russia "the land- of con tradictions." His meaning is that the surface appearance of things in that country differs radically from the reality. The principal contradiction which he mentions is that between the Czar's promises and his perform ances. An instance of this is afforded by the famous "constitution" of 19 05, in which Nicholas promised all sorts of liberties to his loving subjects. They were to enjoy from that time forth "full social liberty, safety of the person, freedom of belief, free speech, the right of public meeting." aid so on down the list of "irrevo cable rights." We all know how these promises turned out. Within a year more than 1200 Russians were executed for tak-J ing the Czar at his word. Although capital punishment has been theoreti cally abolished in Russia, that did not prevent 11,004 people from being put to death in 1907. Another contradic tion is discovered in the official deal ing with alcohol. The sale is a gov ernment monopoly and drinking Is encouraged among the peasants for the revenue it produces. On the other hand, excessive drink ing affects the Russian precisely as it d-oes other men. It destroys his moral character, ruins his efficiency and brutalizes his personality. For this reason the Czar has been moved to preach a sermonette against the ex cessive use of alcohol. But at the same time his officials continue to encourage its sale. Perhaps the sham piety of absolutism never contrasted more beautifully with its unscrupu lous greed than in this instance. In spite of the ruthless tyranny which grinds down the Russians and does its worst to stamp out every original spirit in the country. liter ature and art continue to flourish there. In dramatic affairs we are told by observers that the land of the Czar leads the world. We need not repeat what art lovers think of Rus sian dancing, but that is a mere inci dent in the dramatic pre-eminence of the nation. The new movement in the drama tends to minimize the dia- logue and exalt the spectacle. This has been worked out with amazing beauty at Moscow and the rest "of the world is following suit. A writer in one of our contempo raries devotes a 'long letter to prov ing that the evil effects of alcohol are not hereditary. In his opinion, if we can free this generation from the poison, the next will be as vigorous as if there had never been any drunk enness. His ground is not quite ten able. While alcoholic miseries are not inherited, they might as well be, since drink poisons the germ-plasm and sends children into the world with a defective physical constitution. In a world ruled by reason people would not flee with pallid faces from a returned friend whom they had sup posed to be dead. The ready suppo sition of Redding citizens that Will iam Johns must be a ghost because they were getting ready for his fu neral shows what a grip old supersti tions still have upon almost every body. There was an obvious explana tion of his return, but his friends never thought of it and Jumped to the conclusion that a miracle had hap pened. It is not quite clear why King George should guard himself so ob stinately from the women who want to hand him a petition. His policy incites bloodshed and fills the prisons with rioters. The petitions would do no harm to him or to anybody else, and once they had delivered the pa pers the suffragettes would disperse. As far as T?lg-headed obstinacy is con cerned, there seems to be little choice between the King and his obedient female petitioners. The California Railroad Commission has ruthlessly executed the terrible threat It made against the Pullman corporation weeks ago. The Com mission then said In bloodcurdling tones that if the corporation did not obey the order to pay its employes de cent wages, another investigation would be held. The order was not obeyed and .now the Commission Is about to begin a new series of re searches. Meanwhile the-wages con tinue as they were, $32.35 a month. Harvard University Is applying lab oratory methods to playwriting. Un der Professor Baker students are en couraged to compose dramas which are then staged and acted to an appre ciatively critical audience. We should not be surprised to see some fine plays produced under this stimulus. It can not be too often repeated that art In all its "forms must be rooted in the workshop if it is to be vital. An interview with Mr. W. D. Fen ton was confused in the make-up of the paper with an interview with Mr. Dan J. Malarkey yesterday, in the news article on the Huesner libel in dictments. The error was obvious to the careful reader; but it may not have been to' others. Huerta would agree to resign only with his fingers crossed and in the hope of putting the rebels in the hole by putting himself in sharp con trast with their stubborn refusal to join in a peaceable solution of the Mexican tangle. A Chicago mother has left her baby as security for a small board bill. The security is not very good, unless the landlady wants the child. A mother who will pawn her child cannot be counted upon to redeem the pledge. We take it that the averae-e candi date would much prefer being beaten by a good substantial majority than a paltry few votes. Then the accus ing finger of inactivity cannot taunt. The remaining Miss Wilson is be ing advertised as a singer for talking machines. To get the full glare of the limelight, however, she will have to follow in her sisters' footsteps. Although Huerta earnestly denies again any intention of resigning, his word is not accepted as final about the State Department. Yet one would think Huerta ought to know. In noting that the cost of keeping the United States Army in Mexico has totaled $4,500,000, it might be added that nineteen lives also appear on the debit sheet. Arrest of a real estater on the charge of "lying" is a serious matter. Exaggeration is permitted if needed to make a sale; but downright lying Is an awful offense. - Many were killed by falling hall- stones. Between revolutions, storms and earthquakes life Is one continual round of excitement in the land of the manyana bug. It is charged that Americans do not know how to cook fish. There are those who will admit, further more, that we do not know how to catch them. Military maps of Hawaiian fortifi cations have been stolen. The alarm ists should hasten to trot out the yel low peril. A pitcher who assaults an umpire in these days of gentlemanly game deserves the worst that can be hand ed to him. A new comet Is moving with tre mendous rapidity". There must be a new pinch hitter In the milky way. Teddy is getting ready to press the Progressive fight. Why persist in trying to revive a lost hope? In banishing the busy bee Hood River is fooling with the goose that lays her golden eg. Baiting the King is the newest pop ular pastime among the suffragettes. Foster could not bean Ty Cobb, so he broke a rib as the next best aid. But how does the National Guard enjoy being made a monkey? This is the time of year for warm weather. Why worry? The new comet must acquire a tail to get any standing. Groom the roses. The big show grows nigh. One night of the confetti nuisance is plenty. This is Summer in earnest. Watch the roses grow THINGS HEARD AWAY FROM BOUE. 8ss Francisco Newspaper Ad vis pa Readers Aa to Oregon Primary. San Francisco Chronicle. The Oregon primary seems to have been a great mix up and it is difficult from the dispatches to know what really did happen. It appears that Republicans, Demo crats and Progressives all had tickets in the field, but the relative size of the votes of each party is not given. All we know; Is that there are to be three tickets ito be voted on in the gen eral election, but, as to which party seems to be numerically the strongest, there Is no information. In the first Congressional district, the incumbent was elected as a Repub lican, but has seemed toprefer to flock with the Progressives. Consequently, he has not been renominated, but a Republican who can be depended on will get the Republican vote. Dr. James Wythecombe, who has re ceived the Republican nomination for Governor, is one of the most successful farmers in Oregon, nd for years has been at the head of the Agricultural College and may be so still, but we think not. At any rate, he is a very level-headed man, extremely popular, and ought to be an easy winner. In his case there is not a very com mon result of a contested primary, for each of the six or eight defeated Re publican candidates - have wired con gratulations to Dr. Withycombe and promised hearty support It is not un usual for a contested primary to re sult in personal hatreds and factional divisions in the party. As the Oregon general election oc curs in June, within a few weeks,' we should have some indication of how the people of that state are going to line up on current issues. Barring the statements that. Dr. Withycombe has been head of the""Ag rlcultural College"; that the Repre sentative from the First District was not renominated for Congress and that the Oregon election occurs in June, and also excusing the misspelling of Dr. WIthycombe's name, the foregoing is a fairly accurate statement. Probably some Inkling will be had in California of the relative strengths of the three parties as soon as the completed count is available. The Chronicle probably had Laffer ty's district in mind, which is the Third. Dr. Withycombe has for many years been director of the Oregon ex periment station, not the college it self. The election falls in November. PRICE REGULATION IS PROPER In Public Market It la to Interest of Producer and Conanmcr. PORTLAND, May 21. (To the Edi tor.) -If "Farmer Jones" is a farmer in reality he fails to see wherein his in terests lie when he criticises Mayor Albee, as he did in The Oregonian, for suggesting price regulation in the pub lic -market. I do not believe that Farmer Jones is a farmer at alL There is a pulse-beat under the skin of his criticism which seems to show an in tense desire to have the Mayor build a public market building, and prob ably charge the farmers for its occu pancy. Such a policy naturally would raise the price of farm commodities to a point nearer the retail -mark than a free public market would bring. Is Farmer Jones one -if the discontented middle men? Any farmer who thinks at all about his business knows that his prices must be natural ones, if he is to be suceesful in this public market scheme. If farmers charge the same or more, or even a little less than wholesale and retailers, the city people will not bother to patronize him. He must cut out all that portion of the price which repre sents operation expenses and profits to wholesalers and to retailers also, to gether with some of the transportation costs. Then he may add a profit for himself, one that under public market conditions will be a much larger profit than he has been given by wholesalers, and then the city folk will patronize him and he will grow fat and sassy. His enemy is the middle man and Farmer Jones' criticism smacks of a middle man's ideas. If there are foolish farmers using the public market for the immediate fab ulous price rather than for a reasonable price with continued benefits, then, in the interests of both producer and con sumer the Mayor is certainly to be commended for preventing this fever ishness and prevent a few greedy per sons from spoiling a venture of un doubted worth. JOHN M'NULTY. HISTORIC LOSSES RECOMPENSED As Mnny Supposed Myths Proved True aa Talcs Proved Myths. x PORTLAND, May 21. (To the Edi tor.) Even though our childlike faith in the fair Helen of Troy be.rudely shattered and we- no longer confide implicitly in William Tell and may become skeptical regarding the guilt of Mrs. O'Leary's cow yet all is not lost. The historiographers and archae ologists are constructive as well as destructive, and when the balance Is cast of what we have lost and what we have gained, I will venture to prophesy that we will find ourselves no worse oft than before the ruthless iconoclasts began their destructive campaign. On the one hand, "stories that we onoe believed to be historic truths have been proved" myths, while on the other, tales that we always looked upon as pure figments of the imagination have turned out - to be historic verities. Everyone knows of the revelations made through the munificence and zeal of Dr. Schlieman, how once fabled Ilium has been disclosed as a concrete reality and the grandeur of King Agamemnon's palace a monumental historic truth. It is perhaps not so well known that King Minos really lived and ruled in Crete, that there really was a Labyrinth if not a Minotaur. Those who visit Gnossos today are actually shown not only the Labyrinth but even the very throne from which King Minos dispensed Justice. Other recent archaeological revelations could be quoted, but this is enough to prove that we have gained as many buttresses for our faith as we have lost and that we need not despair. HERBERT B. AUGUR. Territorial Voting Qualifications. RIDGEFIELD, Wash., May 20. (To the Editor.) If a person came to the State of Washington while it still was a territory would the person have be come a citizen of the United States when the territory became a state? A SUBSCRIBER. Yes. if not foreign born. If foreign born he is not a cltizei of the United States unless he has taken out nat uralization papers. He is an elector if he had an elector's qualifications prior to adoption of the constitution. These qualifications were declaration of intention tr become a citizen and subscription to an oath to support the constitution cf the United States and the organic act of the territory both at least six months previous to the constitutional election. Six months in the territory was the residence quali fication. New York and London. PORTLAND. May 21. (To the Edi tor.) Which city has the largest pop ulation. New' York or London? CONSTANCE NICHOLS. New York in 1910 had 4.766,883 In habitants; registration London (1911) 4.522.964. Addition of metropolitan and police districts gives London 7,252.963; population of New York Jan uary I, 1914, including Westchester and New Jersey suburbs, 7.383.87L FROM HIRED MAN'S STANDPOINT Employe Tells of the Drawbacks of Work on the Farm. CHEHAL1S, Wash.. May 19. (To the Editor.) So much has been said during the past Winter regarding the labor Iproblem that I hope you will pardon a tew remarks that a farm hand desires to make In regard to his particular line of work. I began work on the farm some six years ago when I was 16 years of age and have been working at It practi cally ever since. I was born and raised in the town, my father being a minister with a 11k for the farm which I-inherlted and It has been, my ambition to be a farm er. I started out with a stock in trade consisting of high Ideals in regard to my duty toward my employer such as .taking an interest in the work, etx, and a willingness to work and learn. After six years of farm life I have come to the conclusion that a disposi tion to take an interest in the work and to a certain extent the disposi tion to learn are superfluous com modities, and accordingly have to a eertain extent dispensed with -these and am doing just as I have found the farmer does looking out for my own interest not in any selfish, bull headed way but merely by doing my work and letting it go at that. Taking an interest In the work Is something that must assume a concrete form and cannot be done in the ab stract. In other words, there must be something that interests the man in question, something worth while striv ing after. My experience has taught me that taking an interest in the work (with the majority of farmers) consists merely in seeing how hard you can work, how many hours you can put in doing the aforesaid hard work and how few hours can be spent In rest. Work, to the farmer, as I have met him, is the chief end of man or rather the hired man. while rest is a more or less (generally less) neces sary evil to be dispensed with as much as possible. Of course. 1 suppose some of my read ers will say that I am an I. W. W., or else a good-for-nothing sorehead, but I have worked my hours from 4 in the morning until 10 at night, which, I think, will answer any such charge. Of course, I know the usual excuse given for not regulating the hours that the conditions of farm labor make it impossible. But my experience teaches' me better, for the hours can be regulated on the farm as easily as In any other line of work. If a railroad employe Is required to work overtime, as is quite often the case, he is paid time and a half for his overtime; if a farmhand takes an in terest in the work and shows a will ingness to work overtime in a pinch he isn't even thanked, but is expected to keep it up as a regular thing, all In the name of taking an interest in the work. Suppose a farmer buys a hundred pounds of cloverseed. has he any rea sonable right to expect five or ten pounds extra weight as an expression of good will and of interest of the dealer in his patron? Suppose a farmer could make as much money by working 10 hours a day as he could by working 12 or 14 hours, would he work the' longer hours as an expression of interest in the work? Some people will say that the farmer pays higher wages than other lines of work, but he doesn't. I have worked on the farm for six years, and at present am drawing $35 per month and expenses, having been drawing that for about a year. Since I started out for myself I have worked four months for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and one month for the O.-W. R. & N. Coftipany. I started in on both these Jobs green to the work, but drew -J40 per month and expenses. With the A. T. & T. Company I had a good job and a good chance for advancement; for the 28 days I worked for the O.-W. R. & N. Company I drew J79.09, with board and room at $t per day; had a good job as ma chinist helper and a good chance for advancement to something worth while. On the farm there is no chance for advancement. Some one may ask why I didn't tie to one of these jobs, but I quit one to come West and the other on account of a death in the family. Another complaint, which is merely a phase of the "take-an-interest-in-the-work" complaint," is the lack of stay ing qualities on the part of the hired man. One pf the leading Pacific Coast agricultural papers has even gone so far as to blame practically all the labor troubles to that particular trait, but I have found the same trait in the average farmer. It. has been but ex tremely few, if any, farmers that have consulted my convenience when ready to let me go. Then" why do they ex pect the hired hand to consult their convenience when he wants to go? I do not give that as an excuse for his not doing so, for I make it a rule to give my employer ample notice. When Winter comes, how much effort does the farmer make to keep his hired hand? He lets him go and gets an other in the Spring. It is extremely illogical if not redicu lous to attempt to blame all the labor troubles on either party to the dis pute, but the power to remedy con ditions rests, and always will rest, with the employer. The working man can demand, but the power to give rests soley with the employer, and when an honest and patient attempt to remedy conditions is made by the employer then, and not until then, things will begin to mend. While the working man has undoubtedly been guilty of unreasonableness (to put It mildly) in his demands at times, and quite often that is only the human phase, of the question and does not necessarily con demn the fundamental principles for which he is striving. Before the labor question will be solved there must be an intelligent, sympathetic study of the other fellow's side by both parties and an honest, in telligent and sympathetic effort on the part of both parties to do unto tne other fellow as he would have the other fellow do unto him, and also an intelligent study of the art of handling men. P. s. WH1TCOMB. PI4y the Poor Ice Company. PORTLAND, May 2L (To the Edi tor.) As to the question of short weights in ice, w-ould like to say that prior to the recent agitation I was compelled to pay 20 cents for a piece of ice which filled my box (about 40 pounds), and now the same company allows me to pay 35 cents for the same amount, which goes to show that agita tion will help the ice company. Seventy-five per cent increase, of course, is not much, as increases go these days, and I realize that the poor ice companies have to live whether I do or not, but I simply want to cite my case, as it may help some in the present investigation of the alleged ice trust. M. U. HOSWKLL. W hat la the Real Good f John Boyle O'Reillv. "What is the real good?"" I asked In musing mood; ' "Order," said the law court; "Knowledge," said the school; "Truth," said the wise man; "Pleasure," said the fool; "Love," said the maiden; "Beauty," said the page; "Freedom," said the dreamer; "Home," said the sage; "Fame," said the soldier; "Equality," said the seer. Spake my heart full sadly: "The answer Is not here." Then within my bosom Softly this I heard: . "Each heart holds the secret Kindness Is the word!" Twenty-Five Years Aso From The (livrnntaH tt fav tl lotto Washington. May SI. The Eveninfl Star says: "The nomination of Solomon Hirsch for the Turkish mission removes Senator MithAll mnt n w.,.,, o i for the Senatorship in 1S91 and removes uuuots oi tne latter s return to the Senate." Mitchell, it says, may be de pended on to secure Hirsch's confirma tion. Walla Walla, May 21. Young fruit is so abundant that farmers are hiring men to pick and knock it off. fearing injury to the trees. The strawberry crp is enormous. Seattle. May 21. Angus Mackintosh, vice-president of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad, has received a dis patch from New York directing that work begin on the northern branch and be pushed forward to connection with the Canadian Pacific line. Tacoma. May 21. Tommy Thompson, judge and chief of the Puyallup Indians, is dead. Pasco. May 21. The steamer Freder- " ick K. Billings was launched this after noon by J. J. Holland, her builder. She will start up Snake River next week. Philadelphia, May 21. General Adna Anderson, for many years chief engi neer of the Northern Pacific Railroad, has committed suicide. The Mount Tabor extension of the Willamette Bridge Railway Is now com pleted within 300 yards of its final ter minus atethe county road on the east ern slope. The Oaks baseball club that white washed the Standards at the grounds of Clinton & McCoy last Sunday, is com posed of W. Parrott. E. Rankin. W. Jor dan, II. Drennan, W. Partlow, H. Bil ger, F. Smith, J. Rankin and A. Everest. E. A. Hansel and party have just re turned from Prineville. They drove over the Cascade Mountains on the Bar low road. County Judge Catlin yesterday ap pointed Mrs. Harriet Campbell, grand mother of the children, guardian of Linda and Ben Holladay. This is a vic tory for Joe Holladay, but it is under stood General Rufus Ingalls will ap peal. The following gentlemen and firms have contributed to the free bathhouse fund: C. H. Lewis, D. S. Tuttle. Parke & Lacy. Marx & Jorgenson. F. Bickel, C. F. Beebe. James Laidlaw, Philip Low engart, Koshland Bros., Tanhauser & Frohnian, Zan Bros., Mooney & Valen tine. Fleischner. Mayer & Co., Akin, Selling & Co., Henry Everding, Buck ingham & Hecht, Charles Kohn & Co., Charles Hegele & Co., Dittenhoefer, Haas & Co.. W. J. Van Schuyver, E. J. Bowen, Whittier, Fuller & Co., Frank Bros, Williams, Jacob Mayer. C: C. Doberbower, first assistant chief engineer of the Portland paid fire de partment, last night was married vo Frances A. Smith at the residence of the bride's parents. Third and Clay streets, by Rev. T. L. Eliot. Matsaka K. SoraklchL of Tokvo. Japan, champion middleweight wrestler of the world, and James Faulkner, who challenges any middleweight on the Pacific Coast, are in the city. The Oregon Alpine Club last evening discussed a plan of W. G. Steel for the illumination of Mounts Rainier. Hood and St. Helens on the Fourth of July. Preparing a Manuscript. PORTLAND, May 21. (To the Edi tor.) Am anxious to have a short story published. Can you tell me just what to do? What sort of paper should be used and Is It necessary to have it typewritten? AN OLD SUBSCRIBER. Write on unruled paper, using one side cf paper only. Typewriter should be used. In sending to a publication for inspection write yrtur name 3nd address clearly on first page of manu script. If you are sending a letter about the manuscript do not mail it separately. Don't neglect to enclose return postage. That is very important if you want your manuscript back. The first few dozen probably will re turn adorned by "printed regret slips," if the experience of netrfly all writers on rer-ord count for anything. Special features of THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN Catching Salmon. A full-page in eolors ou Orcaron's fishing industry, which is "both picturesque and profitable. Mexico's People. An intimate, close range study of the lowly peon by a correspondent of The Oregonian.. who is making a personal investigation of Mex ican conditions. A feature of the page is a series of striking photo graphs showing the peons as they really are. Harrison Tisher The famous artist, in the third drawing of his new series, "The Great Moments in a Girl's Life," presents "The Wedding." A de lightful full page. Man and Skirts. He is approaching the skirt stage, according to Sterling Heilig, who writes from Paris fashion centers of some startling fashion secrets that he has laid hold of. Illustrated. Moods of Genevieve. In the sixth illustrated article in th is refreshing series Genevieve finds herself in "a truly happy mood." Unhappy Kings. Furthermore, most of (hem are un healthy. The king business is growing out of favor, as a London correspondent of The Oregonian clearly shows. Most of Kurope's monarchs are ailing creatures. The Verdict. A short story about a man and his accusing conscience, by Clar ence J. Fleming. Illustrated. Bird-Man Warriors. An illustrated article ou the Amer ican aviators who watch every movement of Mexican troops about Vera Cruz. Nature's Resemblances. Photographb show a number of strange imitations of animal life in the vegetable world. A rare feature. The Cuckoo Clock And a full-page of other illustrated features for the children. Many Others. Order early of your newsdealer.