TJTE MORXIXCJ OKEGOMAX.' Fit ID AT. AUGUST 11, 1911.
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1-ORTLaM), rHIDAr. AlOl'ST 11. IM.
JUL TAJT- MOTIVE?.
Mr. C T. Pago. whoM extremely
smcgrTtlve communication to The
iri-gontan appears In the paper this
mnrnlnj, writes from the point of
ier of a man who haa been thor
oughly Indoctrinated with the pre
rrp:i of the anti-Administration mag
nzinra. To his mind everything- that
Mr. Taft says or does la to be re
garded lth suspicion, while hi ene
tr.iea can do- no wronr. Any news
paper which, like The Oregonlan.
tri-s to explain the motive by which
tne President la governed Is "ludl
crou" and "Inconsistent." In one
rather trifling; point Mr. Page does
not quote The oregonlan quite cor
rectly. We have not argued that It
i would wrong the trusts especially to
rrduce the tariff without the light
of the commission's report, though
Mr. Tage seems to think that Is our
position. We object to reducing the
tariff In the dark, not because It would
wrong the trust, but became It Is
likely to wronr the country. We have
had so much haphazard. Ignorant,
shady tariff revision 1ft former years
that the, very thought of It has be
come sickening, and reflective citizens
have turned to a tariff commission
and Its unprejudiced investigations as
the only way of escape from unbear
able evils.
This brings clearly to mind the rea
sons why The Oregonlan believes that
Mr. Taft would do right If he vetoed
the bill reducing tho wool schedules.
Although everybody. Including the
President h:rruelf, admits that these
schedules are too high, still nobody
knows how far the'y run above the
proper level, and nobody can be cer
tain that the proposed reduction is
right or Just. Whut Is asked for Is
riot at all a perpetuation of the pres
ent wool duties, but a revision of them
based on clear facts and Indisputable
statistics. For these we must wait a
few months, but that la not long. Is
It not better to wait a little while
rather than to be continually commit
ting blunders which have to be con
tinually corrected? A scientific re
vision of vthe wool schedules next
Winter would permit this Industry to
establish itself on a permanent basis,
because the" work need not be done
over again for many years. Revision
on the Insurgent-Democratic plan, as
Mr. Page confesses, would be merely
the preliminary to further changes
vhen the report of the tariff commis
sion comes In. Thus on the one hand
we see a prospect of stability; on the
other, everlasting tumult. .Which Is
the betterT
We ourselves think that there will
be more or less difficulty In explain
ing Mr. Taft's position fully to the
mind which thinks hastily and makes
decisions on a scant supply of Infor
mation. The ordinary citizen does
this because he is too busy with his
private concerns to devote much time
to public matters. The President's
rlans for tariff revision relate to the
future. They take., many circum
stances Into account and reckon pru
dently with a great multitude of con
ditions. Mr. Page, in Carson Valley,
looks upon the tariff problem as a
very simple one. Were he at the
head of the Nation he might see
things differently. What now seems
e plain as day might become com
plicated and obscure. We hope that
Mr. Page and others who criticise as
harshly as ho does m.y sometime
learn that deliberation in a public
man den not always mean treachery,
nor ?oes regard for all ranks of the
public mean that any are being fa
vored at the expense of the rest. Mr.
Taft thinks profoundly and acts with
that disregard for mere appearances
which has characterized many emi
nent statesmen. He carts more for a
correct solution of the problems which
.he faces than for a plausible one.
.This has, of courses its unfortunate
aspect, eo far as ho is concerned, be
cause the public Is fond of plausible
solutions and Impatient with deliber
ate methods. We feel perfectly confi
dent that the President will present to
Congress next Winter a plan for re
ducing the wool taxes which will meet
all the condition of the case ade
quately and which wlll be so reason
able and Just that it will be accepted
Iboth by Congress and the country.
In the. meantime It is no more than
ifalr to ask the public to refrain from
ipattlng the worst possible interpreta
tion upon what he does. Lincoln had
to suffer from the mallgant" explana
tions his enemies gave of his con
duct. Nothing he did suited them.
Every act was conceived In iniquity
and brought forth in sin. Still, in the
long run. It came out that Lincoln's
motive were rather higher than those
if hls'irltics. It may happen to be so
with Mr. Taft's. We do not complain
if Mr. Page's lapse of memory as to
what The Oregonlan has said about
the tariff commission. They are
i:atural. This paper did not "fight a
tariff commission until Its advent was
inevitable." On the contrary, it up
held the idea of a commission from
t.e first moment when Mr. Taft pro
p .sed It. and felt grieved that Con
press limited its powers, as was finally
t'.nne. The commission Is not what It
ought to be. and nobody knows that
l etter than the President, but for all
ti.at it is capable of great usefulness.
At any rate It Is Imprudent to con
demn it for Inefficiency before we
know anything whatever about what
It can do. Finally, we wish to make
on comment on Mr. Page's remark
thU Mr. Taft "has steadily degener
ated In public favor." This Is no
tloubt bis honest opinion, and he has
n unquestioned right to express It.
tut we shoufd like to ask him on what
grounds it is based? How does Mr.
page know what the great, silent pub
lic is thinking about Mr. Taft? How
tan any person know the mind of the
Nation nntll it has been expressed at
the polls? We lUnk. and most others
think, that In 17$ past year Mr. Taft
has steadily advanced in public favor.
THB Al'DITORIVM KITE.
The selection of the Market block
for the site of the Auditorium Is sat
isfactory for many reasons, of which
economy la not the smallest. The lo
cation is easy of access, and is at least
fairly central. There are objections
to It. of course, but none of these were
held to be of sufficient weight to over
balance the fact that the city owns
the ground, thus permitting the en
tire sum of the authorized bond Issue
to be applied to construction and the
expenses Incident thereto.
The Auditorium committee has giv
en time and careful consideration to
this selection, and It Is the part of
good citizens to acquiesce In the deci
sion without carping. It Is to be re
gretted the building cannot be com
pleted In time for the Elks' conven
tion next year, but It is obvious that a
work of this magnitude must proceed
at a pace compatible with a structure
that will be subject to severe tests and
that is expected to endure for many
years.
It is probable that there will be
some waste, both In time and money,
due to the wlndlhg and unwinding of
red tape that is Insisted upon as the
price of responsibility in the under
taking. To cavil at this, however, is
not to help, hence It may be assessed
as a useless wsste of time and energy.,
Let us. then, content ourselves witn
the fact that we are at last to have
an auditorium worthy of the standing
of Portland. In the commercial, busi
ness. Industrial and social "world; a
place In which delegates to the large
and yet larger bodies that will come
here by InvRation in coming years can
meet without treading- each other's
heels: a place In which our cltlsena
can assemble without over-crowding
upon occasions which call out large
audiences. A building that will be an
ornament to the city and an expres
sion at once of civic pride and public
generosity will be the fruit of this
effort.
rEAfH rU V9 AND THE PARCELS POST.
A traveler through the rural dis
tricts of Oregon and Washington at
this season of the year sees one of
those economic phenomena which be
wilder the Intelligence and sadden the
heart. Peach plums and early apples
are now ripening and falling from the
trees to the ground. Unless there
happens to be a drove of pigs in the
field where tho trees grow, the fruit
lies on the ground and decays. Why
is it pot gathered and marketed i
The answer is complicated. 8 or
der to market perishable fruit, the
farmer has to solve the transportation
problem and overcome the barrier of
the middleman. Were he in direct
communication with city consumers,
we have no doubt that thousands of
bushels of excellent fruit which are
now wasted would appeafvm the table
and contribute to the health and hap
piness of urban households. But com
munication between the farmer and
the urban consumer is not direct. It
is as indirect as possible. The path
way between them is so Involved that
it can rarely be followed.
As a matter of fact, if a farmer
should attempt to sell peach plums to
families In the city, they would usual
ly pass through perhaps a dozen dif
ferent hands. Each hand would take
Its toll, with the consequence that the
farmer 'would receive but a trifling
price for his fruit, while the con
sumer iwould pay three or four times
w hat it la really worth. So the plums
rot on the ground In the country and
the people In town go without. We do
not pretend that this hasty sketch of
the situation takes every detail into
account, but it is truthful as far as It
goes. Every person who has to pro
vide for a city table knows that It is
accurate in substance.
Nor are peach plums the only fruit
we might talk about. They are mere
ly a type of many others. The point
we wish to make Is. that it Is prac
ticable and easy to establish a direct
road between the producer and the
consumer. The road Is opened by tho
parcels post. If we had that In opera
tion, as they have in every other civ
ilized country, the peach plums of
Oregon would not lie rotting on the
ground, nor would the children of
Portland go hungry for Summer fruit
because their parents could not afford
to buy It..
THB JVBILKE TEAK OF THE STATE
FAIR.
The State Board of Agriculture Is
preparing to observe In a suitable
.manner the fiftieth anniversary or
the Oregon State Fair. Fifty years!
In what large numbers the incidents
of Oregon history are beginning to be
written! In September, 1861, the first
battle year of the Civil War so runs
the record Oregon's first state fair
was held on grounds selected for that
purpose near Oregon City. Of its
chief promoters and managers, per
haps not one survives; of those who
were in at these beginnings but few
remain to recall the primitive, yet
promising, exhibits of orchard and
garden, field and meadow; of simple
home manufactures that had been
wrought In the hand-looms of the
Middle West, or of storied New Eng
land, and brought across the great
plains In chests, spicy with dried
thyme and lavender, sweet marjoram
and pennyroyal that grew In far away
gardens; of horses and cows and sheep
and . hogs and poultry, the careful
breeding of which had already begun;
of fancy work an woman's quaint de
vices In crochet and hair work, patefft
work and wax work had been named
that were exhibited.
The writer recalls in this connection
a patch work quilt composed of 10,000
pieces, cut in diamond shape and saw
tooth, the work of a woman eighty
years, that told its story of patience
and economy and eye-strain in the
State Fair pavilion for many years,
including this initial year. The name
of the worker is forgotten, the history
.of her work, including the number of
years required to complete It, is lost
to memory; but this old quilt, folded
evenly and hanging in a conspicuous
place, with Its bit of history written
in faded Ink, pinned to It, the small,
quaintly-fashioned. neatly-Joined bits
of calico, finished with dainty, old
fashioned quilting, still live in the
memory of at least one of those wh,o
attended this first State Fair.
Our yet young state was then but
little more than two years old. Its
territorial history was a thing of yes
terday; its citizens were neighbors all,
and were mostly known to each other
by familiar home names or titles.
There was "grandma." who pieced the
wonderful quilt: ""grandpa." who
showed a splint-bottomed chair and
some ax-handles, and of bows of his
own making: "Roxy," who displayed
a triumph In the art of making cur
rant Jellyi'Aunt Mary," whose neatly
stamped 'fats of butter (a sheaf of
wheat was the Impress on each golden
ball), won the first prize; "Jane."
whose creations with bright worsteds
and crochet needle were viewed with
wonder: "Martha." whose "saltrlsing"
itrrau n 11 i iuvulimii. - -
tne
blue ribbon: and "Sarah" and "Mar-
,r.t ' unH the rest whose genial
faces and cordial, good-fellowship be
e-
spoke women preiud or tneir acniev
ment in housewifely roles, ana rea
idy
with neighborly service,
Then there were the men who
"managed things." "John," who
stood, between 'a giant sheaf of oats
and half a dozen stalks of corn of his
nl.lnir with arms uDreachlng. to show
the marvelous height of these products
of his soli and industry; "William,
who -was the grower of the "biggest
squash." the largest watermelon, an
squasn. tne largest araurniriuu,
the most generous yield of potatoes
from a single hill; "James." whose
wheat in sheaf and sack "beat all my
ture" as a former resident of rock
New England expressed It; "George
id J
nrmirllv carried his two-years-o
son on his shoulder as he made th
ie
rounds of his sto;k pens again ana
again, descanting upon the fine points
of his exhibit, and "Henry" and "Rob
ert" and the rest, each convinced that
Oregon soli was the finest in the
world. Oregdn climate the best, and
Oregon women unapproachable as
Oregon women unapproacimuic
cooks housekeepers, wives, mothers
. ' i.,.
nH enmnanions.
- These things considered. J.1 Is em"
Inently fitting that a special day is to
be set aside for Oregon pioneers on
this Jubilee year of the Oregon State
Fair. They deserve special mention
for reasons that are so obvious that It
Is idle to state them.
Times have changed and people
have changed since the Initial State
Fair was held In 1861. A progressive
people made much of the opportuni
ties for development that the chang
ing years have brought. Evidence of
this Is found on every hand. Such
evidence will be presented In abund
ance at the Jubilee meeting of the old
new farmers' festival. Yet with all of
our rejoicing as a commonwealth at
these evidences of progress, the hearts
of all loyal Oregonlans of an older
era will turn with reverence and ten
derness that is akin to. pain to the
days wherein the foundations of a
state's greatness were laid rudely,
perhaps," but with the strength of
youth and the energy of a determined
purpose days and names and Inci
dents which the semi-centennial of the
Oregon State Fair will serve to recall.
n DICIAL KKCALL AS AN ISSUE.
President Taft's announced de
termination to veto the .statehood
bill because it does not annul Arl
zona's obnoxious recall of the Ju
diciary will make that subject an is
sue In the next campaign and fasten
National attention on it. It is prob
able that both Senate and House will
pass the bill over the vemsbut the
President's convictions on the subject
are so strong that he" considers
neither the prospect of carrying his
point nor political expediency In de
ciding on his course.
J-U8CUS31UI
sarUy lnvol
duel of thi
Justice and
Discussion of the recall win neces-
lnvolve discussion of the con-
the courts. Miscarriages of
d blundering administra
tion f thA law will be cited as rea
sons for making the recall apply to
Judges, and, whether they like It or
not, the Judges will have to stand the
fire of criticism. The misdeeds of
the courts have brought uponthem
the threat of a much worse evil, which
would make them as suspectlble as
a legislative body to every passing
breeze of public opinion. The best
defense the courts can make Is to re
form their methods, as some of them
have already begun to do, and the
best thing the friends of a fearless
Judiciary can do is to combine for
such reform in the laws and rules of
procedure as will facilitate such re
form. The courts need to administer Jus
tice .according to law as Interpreted
by reason and common sense. .They
should use law as a means to Justice;
they have hitherto too often subordi
nated Justice to law. They should
give Justice promptly and to that end
should suppress the long-winded,
hair-splitting, contentious lawyer who
raises technical points in order that
he may prolong litigation and tire out
an opponent. The Judges let the law
yers run the courts; they should run
the courts themselves. If a lawyer
offends, he shoVild be really punished,
Tnt ha. fined at 10 O'clock and have
the fine remitted at noon, after the
Judge .has had time to "cool off. jr
t.a i.ijm wish the Deonle to respect
the courts, iney snouiu iiu. 1
to respect. If the American Judiciary
. . 1 I. n..t.ln aafaam
the courts, they should prove a tttle
holds a lower place In public esteem
than that of any other civilized coun
try, it is the fault of the Judiciary.
and the Judges must ieaa ino
movement to bring about a change for
the better". The recall would send It
still lower In the scale; it ia for the
Judges to raise It higher. -
illnkhb" of tiie rorr
The Illness of Pope Plus X has nat
urally caused alarm to the millions
ofx adherents of the Catholic church.
At "his age an attack of a new ailment,
following closely upon the severe at-
nr lorvniritls from which he has
recently suffered, may sap his strength
to such a degree that a fatal result
may be feared, although his physi
cians are, as usual, optimistic.
The reign of Plus X. whose lay
name was Guiseppe Sarto, Has wit
nessed the maintenance of the power
of the papacy over, men's minds,
though the church has suffered In
tejnporal matters through disestab
lishment In France and Portugal, and
the crisis In Spain, due to the laws
against religious associations. The
Pope has made vigorous protest, but
without effect, except to stimulate the
fidelity of the faithful In these coun
tries. He has fought unceasingly for
the dogma of the church against mod
ernist teaching as to Christian belief.
Biblical criticism and jchurch dis
cipline, having Issued a syllabus and
an encyclical letter on the subject.
He came of a poor family, and an af
fecting consequence of his election
was his separation from his sisters,
who took lodgings near the Vatican,
that they might be within sight of
him. though forbidden to be with
him.
The election of a new Pope, which
would follow In case Pius' illness
should prove fatal, will be marked by
great secrecy and .conducted according
to rules which minutely prescribe
.n Hetall. The method of election
has undergone many changes in the
course of centuries. In the first cen
turies of the Christian era, the Pope
was elected by the clergy, nobles and
people of Rome, and after the days j
of Constantino their choice was ap-
proved by the Emperor. For a time i
art or the restoration of the Emrjire by
the Germans, the election was a mere
form to confirm the Emperor's choice.
In 105 the right to vote was first
rivon in the cardinal hishonsi
the
Kino- or Emneror having the rleht
to
veto any candidate beforehand and
to
I . , .1
confirm tne election, in iin Aiexan-
I dlnals should elect and abrogated the
I imperial prerogative, inis ruie pre
vails to this day.
In order to elect a Pope the cardi
nals win assemble on tne day an
the death -wf his predecessor, in the
... ... .
conclave, a chapel with a suite of
halls in which cells are fitted up for
the cardinals and the conclavists,
who are their servants, two physicians,
a sacrist, two masons and carpenters
.nH ft , V That fAnstftiitlnnn on
1
papal election will be read and sworn
to by the cardinals, and jthe conclav
ists win De sworn in. iney win mc
y I adjourn until the tenth day, on me
AvAnlns- a which all nthr. than the
cardinals and conclavists must leave;
1 an entrances are wauea iiv except uu,
throurh which food is introduced.
and this Is strictly guarded.
In theory every Catholic male, even
a layman, , is eligible to be elected
Pope, but since the election of Urban
VI. in 1178, none but a cardinal has
been elected. Austria. France and
wtu - ,
I Spain have had the right each to, de
I clare one candidate ineligible, but th'
alaetinn of such an excluded candi
date could not be challenged, and
Pius X has prohibited the cardinals,
under penalty of excommunication,
to allow the veto of any Government,
even though only expressed' as a wish.
Every cardinal present Is bound to
take part In- an election, sessions be
ing held morning and afternoon until
a result is achieved. Election may be
by acclamation: by compromise, un
der which the cardinals transfer their
elective power to two or more of their
colleagues and instruct them how to
proceed; by ballot, under which each
cardinal writes a ballot and deposits
It in a chalice on the altar. If the
number of ballots 'falls "to tally with
the number of cardinals present, the
votes are burned. If a candidate has
exactly two-thirds of the votes, his
ballot is opened, and if he has voted
for himself the election is void. Where
a ballot shows no election, cardinals
are allowed to transfer their votes
before the result Is announced.
7 The history of the papacy la the
history of constant accession of power
and influence. At first .regarded
merely as chief among .the bishops,
the Popes gradually became rulers
over the whole. Christian church and
reached the zenith of their power
when they brought penitent kings and
Emperors to their knees and even as
sumed to depose such rulers. They
were not only spiritual but temporal
riiUrs. for much territory around
.Rome was included in the papal
states, which the Popes held rrom tne
year 754 to 1870, when they were fi
nally annexed to the Kingdom of
Italy. Although the church still pas
sively protests against the loss of its
temporal power, that power was a
source of weakness to its spiritual in
fluence, which was at a low ebb when
the -Popes were Involved In the wars
and diplomacy of mediaeval sover
eigns, and has never been so great as
now, when the Pope receives the
homage of Catholic and non-Catholic
alike as a great spiritual power.
"When a muckraker finds that he is
more likely to hit his friends than
his enemies, he suddenly suspends op
erations; hence Representative Gra
ham's inaction in the Controller Bay
affair. But Representative Humphrey
does not Intend to let the matt'er rest,
and, though Graham can protect his
friend. Miss Abbott, In committee, he
cannot shield her and her instigators
In the House, to which Humphrey
will carry the affair. He is deter
mined that once the muckrake is
started it shall rake both ways.
Mr. George W. Perkins does not go
quite so far as Judge Gary in the di
rection of Government control for the
corporations. He wants "constructive
control," but not price-making by the
Government. We fancy, however,
that he Is Intelligent enough to see
where "constructive control" must
end, and he Is prepared to accept the
consequences. Between leaving things
as they are and "going to the limit,"
Mr. Perkins would choose the latter.
We wonder if "limit" means "owner
chip" to his mind.
-Air. Alnsworth makes a strong
point In his article on" business condl-
. i . i.A -a,.a fhaf tariff lairlciLa-
i nuns --
Klon Is the only obstacle to lmprove-
I T .fh. wnrl tha Democrat
ment In other words, the Democrats
are making campaign materlarl at the
expense of the general prosperity.
Their work will be wasted, for It will
all have to be done over again as fast
as the Tariff Board reports on each
Industry.
Irving's "Astoria" should be taken
from , the shelves and consulted for
facts that have a bearing upon the
happenings of loO year ago at the
month of th& ColumDia Kiver. it win
lnake interesting reading at this time.
u te a taIe ot facts that, in telling, is
. ated ltn the glamor and beauty
Invested with the glamor and beauty
of romance.
.While -the rest of the country
mourns diminished crops, Oregon and
Washington rejoice in a bumper, and
will get high prices, due to the
smaller yield of other states. ' The
Eastern states' poison is the North
west's meat.
Sharks, black fl. seallona and
other marine monsters have been seen
at Neahkahnle. Mountain. What is
the favorite beverage In that locality?
Some things may be excused In a
"lonesome man" away from home and
helplessly facing a Job that is too big
for him. Some thlngsj but not all.
Of course Blllle Burke lost her
Jewels In, that fire: Of what use are
Jewels fo'an actress except to be lost,
strayed or stolen?
An estimate placing the Oregon
wool crop at $2,500,000 Is not-too low,
but is probably the highest for several
years to come.
ti..1 naarasses in their light Sum
mer costumes are making the obse
quies of the House of Lords a gay so
ciety event.
.
If everybody is to be believed, Port
land is full of "liars, villains and
traitors to the state." '
j-"
Glfaninf3 of the DaV
V-UCcUmigS Ul UlC isa.y
A reduction of the regular armies of
Europe to the proportion of the Regular
Army of the United States would effect
a direct saving of 1500,000.000 annually
to the nations, and would restore to pro
ductive industries 2,733,000 men, whose
earnings. conservatively estimated,
would amount to J5OO.0OO.O0O more. Eu
rope has $1,000,000,000 per annum to gain
by the adoption of Carnegie's plan of
general disarmament, and of President
Taft'a policy of arbitration.
Let th Dick-to-Dick charge against
the President be changed to the Failed-to-Stick
charge. Louisville Courier
Journal. ,
"V
It is perfectly reasonable for Mr. La
Follette to have a slight swelling In his
chest as a result of recent legislation.
But lest it extend to his head it may
be observed that there's many a slip
twlxt a legislative coup and a Presi
dential election. Louisville Courier-Jour
nal.
Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough, ls
now devoting her time and her money
to a society which provides decent lodg
ings for poor working women. Th aim
of the society, to quote the words of the
Duchess, is "to build new or adapt ex
isting houses in crowded district! where
a woman can get a clean bed, plain, but
cheap, food, and, above all, decent sur
roundings for 8, S or 10 cents a night."
There always has been plenty of ac
commodations for those who can pay at
the rate of from $2 to $3 a week, but
there are multitudes of decent, well
living women, who -do not -earn enough
to pay as much as that, and find them
selves obliged to lodge In houses whose
conditions are "shameful, both morally
and physically." One of the desirable
features of these houses Is that the lodg
ers are allowed to do a little washing,
or to cook their own breakfasts and
keep the rooms assigned them in order.
In the new houses to be built there are
to be laundries, ironing rooms and cook
ing stoves for the use of which a nomi
nal, price will be asked Just enough to
secure the women's self-respact.
A defender of Amerleo VesDucci's fame
as the discoverer Qt America has a ap
peared in the person of Dr.- Kicaroo
Palma, a scholar of International repu
tation of the matter. His contention is
that Vespucci's name was never "Amer-lo-n
" but "Alberico:" that Vespucci got
his name from the country he described
rather than that the country got its
name from him. Dr. Palma asserts that
"America" Is the name of a place in
Nicaragua where Vespucci landed, and
that it is the designation to this day of
a mountain chain in that country. The
name, therefore, is of American origin
and is not derived from Vespucci, whose
given name was "Alberico." Vespucci
was nicknamed "Amerigo," according to
this theory, because he described a coun
try by that name. Just as "Deadwood"
Dick and "Arizona" Pete are modern
pseudonyms. Dr. Palma asserts that in
no part of Europe was "Amerigo" or
"Americus" a given name, either for
man or woman. Besides, discoverers
give their surnames, not their given
names to the lands they discover, such
as Van Dleman's Land, Vancouver's
Island and so on. No land or region Is
named for the given name of Columbus
Colon, or Columbia, is derived from his
surname. Dr. Raima's contention is
not without force or' plausibility, says
the Louisville Courier-Journal. It may
be that, after all, America is a truly
American name.
Where my eugenic friend goes wrong
i in failing to realize that a great
many of the maladies which he calls
degeneracy are JUBt too much of the
highly developed nervous system which
is the - special endowment of the
tritt-A families, savs J. A. Spander, in
the Westminster Gazette. Overcharge
the battery ever so little and genius
hacomen insanity: give one member of
the family a volt too much and the
delicate balance of physical ana mental
qualities on which sanity depends Is
broken down. Extinguish the family and
you will rid the world of some degener
ates, but you will also and at the same
time rob It of Its most gifted men. My
eugenlst would never have let Cowper,
Lamb, Coleridge, Stevenson, Keats,
Ruskln. Henley or De Qulncey'jsee the
light. The doctrine of heredity , should
never be forgotten by parents or re
membered by children. To' the first it
Is the assertion of their responsibility;
to the second a reminder of their help
lessness. People beyond middle age will recall
the "Lamplighter," a novel of their
youth whose scene was laid in Boston,
which would now no doubt strike them
aa Hull, hut had Its large vogue in the
long ago. There died In . Boston the
other day Thomas W. Lee Ray, aged 77,
"a lamnlierhter for many years in Eaet
Boston" and he must have been about
the rftst of the men. whose nightly busi
ness it used to be to set the city street
lights going.
A reaction against the building of
huge warships of the Dreadnought type
Is foretold by the British admiralty.
The original battleship Dreadnought
was a vessel of 17,900 tons; within five
years Britain was building ships of
26,360 tons, and the 80,000-ton battle
ship, was clearly in sight. Naval ex
penditure mounted at a staggering rate.
The- recent announcement, referred to.
If carried into effect, would provlde-for
new ships about 9000 tons less In dis
placement than the Lion class and
about 400 tons less than the original
Dreadnought. These ships 'would be
armed with only six heavy guns, 15
inches in caliber, as against 10 guns,
13 H Inches In caliber, carried by the
very latest super-Dreadnoughts, or
eight guns carried, by the ships of the
Lion class. A heavy armament for re
sisting torpedo attack would also be
provided. As to speed. It Is asserted
that the new ships, while smaller, will
develop a speed unheard of hitherto in
ships of their class. And as for cost,
it is contended that two pf the new
ships could be built for less than one
super-Dreadnought and In much quicker
time. The principal cause of the re
action is evidently the enormous cost
of Dreadnoughts, which has furnished
good material for the anti-militarists.
The craze for Dreadnoughts only dates
from the battle of Tsushima Strait In
lSOoand none of Them has ever under
gone the test of actual warfare, yet
the British government no sooner built
the first Dreadnought than other na
tions stampeded to Imitate it. A stam
pede' to abandon that type for a smaller
one may be expected to follow the
British change of, plan.
Hypercritical View of the President's
Policies.
CARSON. Wash., Aug. 8. (To the
Editor.) For some time I have been
carefully reading and digesting your
editorial articles regarding the politi
cal situation of today. To my mind The
Oregonlan's apologies for the Adminis
tration's stand on tariff revision are
ludicrous. It. greatly underestimates
the intelligence of its readers by an
offer of such palaAcer." It persistently
insists that Insurgents and Democrats
by attempting to pass remedial legis
lation, for which the President himself
has shown favor, are attempting to em
barrass him. .
It feigns to believe that any reduc
tion in tariff on trust-made goods with
out scientific commission-reported tar
iff investigation, which it well knows
cannot be had for months, is danger
ous, in that it will wrong the trusts.
This, though it fought a tariff com
mission, until Its advent was inevitable.
This, though unable to prevent the ap
pointment of a tariff commission. It
well knows the stand-pat Republicans
were successful in rendering It of but
little uee to Congress by refusing
proper appropriation and a liberal
power of investigation.
The fact that the reduction sought by
the insurgents and Democrats is not
intended to supersede that to be later
made by advice of a tariff commission,
but is to afford temporary relief only,
it seems to ignore, when it must well
know that reductions as provided by
the Senate woolen and farmers' free
list bills are considerably above the
rate to which a free acting tariff com
mission could possibly advise a re
vision. Progressives are as ever favorable'to
tariff revision by schedule upon tne
advlctj of a tariff commission, but
where schedules are so apparently out
of all proportion to reason, as a result
of which the masses are being exploited
In the Interest of big monopoly corpor
ations Immediate action is justified.
The President has to date seen fit
to accept as his counsellors men of re
actionary or stand-pat views. He has
steadily degenerated In the public
favor. Should he, continuing to act by
such advice, veto the woolen and free
list bills, as against a progressive
Democratic candidate for the Presi
dency, he will receive such a rebuke
as shall Indicate beyond further doubt
the alertness of the people.
Many have called themselves "Repub
licans" because they believed Republi
can principles most opportune and ap
propriate to our time. They will rlrst
attempt to wrest and retain from un
worthy persons the party of their
Ideals. Falling in this, the party will
be submerged, the rats drowned out.
Later the ship to be raised and rejuve
nated. I give you here a view which I share
with many of your readers In the hope
that it may help indicate the utter
hopelessness of reactionary politics.
C. N. PAGE-
WANTS ADEQUATE SERVICE PIPES
Held to Be Primary Canse of tbe Pres
ent "Water Shortage.
PORTLAND, Aug. 10 (To the Editor.)
The City of Portland is an immense
corporation. Resident voters are its
stockholders. Among other enterprises
this corporation carries on a water busi
ness to supply its own needs and to sell.
Indirectly through the Mayor, the stock
holders elect a Water Board of direc
tors to manage this business, which
mounts into millions of dollars and ever
increases. It calls for high-grade man
agement. Its history has a record of Immense'
losses; examples oia city i-aric ana
Section Line reservoirs, also other ven
tures undertaken. All wasteful experi
ments hare to be paid for indirectly in
the form of rents or prices of necessi
ties, as political economy will demon
strate. The non-taxpaying stockholder
is vitally interested.
Theoretically, water directors are
jointly and severally responsible for an
Intelligent organization and administra
tion of the water system and Its staff.
While not so assuming, but if one indi
vidual dominates the Board by his per
sonality, even though an able man, he
must expect to shoulder all extra respon
sibility he seeks, but it In nowise re
lieves the others of their proper share
in the eyes of the stockholders.
If the technical staff man has not the
personality, age or necessary qualifica
tions to initiate and submit complete
and comprehensive plans for the future
and to fight for what is right.fthen the
directors are naturally expected to
change conditions to make this pos
sible. The completion of a naval pro
gramme takes years, and so does that
of our ever-growing water system.
A condition has existed and now ob
tains, i. e., k lacK of continuous indi
vidual water supply in various districts,
due wholly to Inadequate service pipes.
It is certainly rudimentary that, no
matter how many reservoirs or pipe
lines, or wh?n these are finished by con
tractors, or whether meters are installed,
millions of gallons of surplus water can
not be forced Into any district through
toy pipes having consumers too numer
ous to supply continuously. The surplus
then goes to waste in the sewers.
The question resolves itself clearly
into one for each locality to deal with.
The condition being a present one, stock
holders of each locality so affected
should at once seek a remedy. It lies
in demanding and insisting upon having
of the water directors, a .public state
ment of exactly what plans, if any, are
now made to provide adequate service
pipes for that locality, and when these
plans will be fully carried out. Public
discussion of euch plans is mutually
profitable. If no plans are made, a
general statement of a policy Is In
sufficient and plans should be insisted
upon.
Clearly, now Is the time to provide this
relief for this year and succeeding
years, or oor troubles will be perennially
with us. This city grows apace and
executive ability must keep up with it.
There is no time to lose. Undoubtedly
the pipeline should have been begun two
years sooner than it was. The stock
holding public is entitled to and should
have the full confidence of its Board of
Water Directors, even to a frank exhi
bition of mistakes made and means taken
to overcome them.
ROBERT C. WRIGHT.
Salt Mlnlns; an Old Industry.
Manufacturers Record.
Salt production Is about the oldest
industry lnthe world. In Italy, the
cradle of the salt Industry, it has been
manufactured commercially 2500 years.
Salt is so necessary to existence that In
some parts of the world tribes will sell
the . members of their families in ex
change for salt.
c.it ha. haan thv muse of wars, and
I so important has it always been con
sidered that in some places me passins
of salt is established as a token of
friendship, and women throw salt on a
visitor as a friendly greeting. In some
countries salt is so scarce that it Is ob
tained through the ashes of grasses
and a species cpalm and other plants.
While salt is produced in almost
every country in the world, it is stated
that nowhere can salt of such purity
be obtained at anything like the cost
for mining in Louisiana
The "Wisdom" of Babes.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Little Bessie (much Interested In
spiritual matters) Mamma, how'll I
know when I'm ntughty?
Mother Your conscience will tell
you, dear.
Little Bessie I don't care so much
about ifs telling me, mamma; will it
tell you?
Advertising Talks
Br William C Freemaau
If your community needs good roads,
advertise for them In your home news
papers! Dr. Donald McCaskey is president of
the Supervisors' Board of Lampeter
Township;. Lancaster County, Pennsyl
vania. He wranted better roada for his
community, but found It hard to get
the co-operation of his brother offi
cials. He is a great believer in advertising,
so he bought 1000 inches of advertising
space in the local weekly newspaper,
called The Home, to tell the people why
good roads Vere needed and how they
could sret them. ,
Dr. McCaskey got up a series of ad
vertisements, which he called "Road
Bulletins," heading them "Road Dis
eases Unmasked," in which he gave
facts and figures.
The Bulletins were read theronarhlr
by the country folk around so thor-'
oughly, in fact, that while, a few
months ago, the Doctor's efforts for
road Improvement were met with arro
gant refusal, since the -appearance of
these educational "Road Bulletins" the
road officials are now inclined to co
operate and ataslat In fixing: the roada.
The newapaper advertlalng; columns
saved the day! and the township has
become one of the most notable in the
state in the matter of road improve
ment. This is the new "departure in news
paper advertising, and. as it has proved
so effective in this ease, there is no
reason why a public official in any
branch of the service, who finds him
self confronted with indifference or
animosity, should not buy a certain
amount of space and tell his story to
the public.
If the story is true if he is an hon
est, efficient workman, the people will
soon find it out, and will support him
In every way in their power.
(To be continued.)
Brad's Bit o' Verse
They laid the great man in histomb.
and s.ll the world was wrapt in gloom;
the . anxious query passed around,
"Where can another such be found;
who now will rise to take his place;
and who can fill that vacant space? Is
this old planet doomed to go to dark,
abysmal depths of woe?" Men gave It
.up; but, strange to say, the stricken
world kept on its way; the stars laughed
down from space sublime, the sun came
forth on schedule time, the south. winds
chased across the lea, the rivers mur
mured to the sea; all Nature seemed to
spin along as if her plans had ne'er
gone wrong; the ship" of state rode
through the gale with scarce a kink
upon her sail; the markets held their
steady tone, life's game went on with
out a groan; and in a week the great
man's fame was but a memory and a
name. You toil and sweat and plan and
scheme to reach the summit of your
dream; you sigh for glory and renown,
you long to wear the victor's crown;
but by and by, when you are gone, the
world will plod serenely on, your name
will dwindle from the list; the chances
are you'll not be missed. Get busy
with your humble task; for empty honors
do not ask; let all your deeds and
thoughts ring true; do all the good that
you can do; and when is quenched life's
mortal spark, step bravely out Into the
dark.
(Copyright. 1911. by W. D. Meng.)
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonlan. Aug:. 11, 1SB1.
Government has accepted the services
of a regiment of Infantry and five com
panies of cavalry from California to
protect the overland mall and emigrant
route between the state line and Salt
Lake.
No boats are running on the Upper'
Willamette on account of the low wa
ter. The Yamhill continues its daily
-trip's to Dayton.
A little boy, 6 years of age, the son
of Mr. John Miller, was violently
thrown out of a bnggy yesterday after
noon, while his father was driving
along Front street, and severely but not
dangerously bruised. The accident was
caused by the buggy suddenly running
in one of the many holes In our streets.
$40,200 In gold dust, nearly all from
the Nez Perces mines, was shipped on
the steamer Sierra Nevada, which sailed
yesterday evening, for San Francisco.
Stfrana-a riaflnltlon flf a Hero.
Chicago Record-Herald.
"Jack Sands Is a hero," declared
Jack's adoring chum and satellite.
Joseph, when asked to define the word
"hero" for his classmates and give an
example of its meaning. "He can eat
sour apples an' persimmons an' never
make the leastest ugly face."
THE SEW ACADEMIE.
Had I been born today, I know.
Instead of 20 years ago.
Ah, how much' smoother would my
course
In higher education flow;
Since Palo Alto set a pace ,
Anew for all the human race.
Making plain beef a factor in
The present day diploma chase.
No need to learn philology.
To dabble in psychology.
Far deader than its fossils is
The science of geology.
For Stanford's Dons at present seek
To line football along with Greek,
And one who bucjes the line s as good
As one who Homer's tongue can speak. .
'TIs but a step. Full soon, I wish.
Baseball and track will follow this,
And polo stars illume the niche.
Where now the shrewd logician ia.
'TIs- not beyond a man's belief.
Soon to see boxing put a reef
In algebra, and vindicate
The great scholastic reign of Beef.
Tf T hi,fr HvaH In srhool todav. '
I'd shunt my textbooks all away.
And practice on the strangle hold,
And mingle In the fistic play:
Great honors should shower down on me;
Tennis should capture my A. B.,
And fencing cop the master's script.
And football land the .Ph. D.
Yea, though nuy head were genus pin.
With naught bat mush contained therein.
Given the muscles of the mule.
Scholastic honor might I win.
And live to mock the toll and pains
Of those who wore the Old School's
chains, -
When Ph. D.'s were based upon
That sorry substance men call brains.
Dean Collins.
-Portland, August 9, 1911.