TJTE MORXIXCJ OKEGOMAX.' Fit ID AT. AUGUST 11, 1911. 10 t.r4 at Portland. Onto Poatooice a Sacona-Claaa fclaitar. atxcrlpuon Kiiw Invariably Aavanea. IBI MAIL.) r i'r. SnnsT rncladad. rar. . .... .M I a:'r. 9 jnly taciudtd. raooth...... .3 I1I7, Sina Iscludxl. thraa months... ! y. Sur.dAf Inrtu-1.4. M. moBl I a I, KUhnul H-in.laV a- mdllth. J I-aur. vuhoul HunU.jr, ihraa month... I ai.jr. witoowl Suadar. o , 71 Ma-k:jr. on ranr. ............ . . f iBltr, tia Taar ............ a-sda u4 Waaaiy. on yt. CUT CARRIKK.) 1 1M rn?lT. Soi4.f Inrlndad. M. yaar..., Xaliy. Sunday Included, oso month.. a. .79 How to Kmll-Sana Poalofflco mnaar r)r. npmi ocdor or partoaal ahara J our total bank, lumw, cots ne eurrancr ! at taa nrndor riaa. OIa pootoSira aJ1r.. ia rulU Including eount and ' I'aalaaa Kataa 1 to ft pt'. rant: l it (.afaa. X MU; to do pacta, ooala; 4 to ., nasaa, aanta. Foralaa aootac doub: rata. UMm Baalaroa Oflnl Vatro C llo J..w York, KronaalcK kuudlns. Cat tcr bulMlnn. 1-ORTLaM), rHIDAr. AlOl'ST 11. IM. JUL TAJT- MOTIVE?. Mr. C T. Pago. whoM extremely smcgrTtlve communication to The iri-gontan appears In the paper this mnrnlnj, writes from the point of ier of a man who haa been thor oughly Indoctrinated with the pre rrp:i of the anti-Administration mag nzinra. To his mind everything- that Mr. Taft says or does la to be re garded lth suspicion, while hi ene tr.iea can do- no wronr. Any news paper which, like The Oregonlan. tri-s to explain the motive by which tne President la governed Is "ludl crou" and "Inconsistent." In one rather trifling; point Mr. Page does not quote The oregonlan quite cor rectly. We have not argued that It i would wrong the trusts especially to rrduce the tariff without the light of the commission's report, though Mr. Tage seems to think that Is our position. We object to reducing the tariff In the dark, not because It would wrong the trust, but became It Is likely to wronr the country. We have had so much haphazard. Ignorant, shady tariff revision 1ft former years that the, very thought of It has be come sickening, and reflective citizens have turned to a tariff commission and Its unprejudiced investigations as the only way of escape from unbear able evils. This brings clearly to mind the rea sons why The Oregonlan believes that Mr. Taft would do right If he vetoed the bill reducing tho wool schedules. Although everybody. Including the President h:rruelf, admits that these schedules are too high, still nobody knows how far the'y run above the proper level, and nobody can be cer tain that the proposed reduction is right or Just. Whut Is asked for Is riot at all a perpetuation of the pres ent wool duties, but a revision of them based on clear facts and Indisputable statistics. For these we must wait a few months, but that la not long. Is It not better to wait a little while rather than to be continually commit ting blunders which have to be con tinually corrected? A scientific re vision of vthe wool schedules next Winter would permit this Industry to establish itself on a permanent basis, because the" work need not be done over again for many years. Revision on the Insurgent-Democratic plan, as Mr. Page confesses, would be merely the preliminary to further changes vhen the report of the tariff commis sion comes In. Thus on the one hand we see a prospect of stability; on the other, everlasting tumult. .Which Is the betterT We ourselves think that there will be more or less difficulty In explain ing Mr. Taft's position fully to the mind which thinks hastily and makes decisions on a scant supply of Infor mation. The ordinary citizen does this because he is too busy with his private concerns to devote much time to public matters. The President's rlans for tariff revision relate to the future. They take., many circum stances Into account and reckon pru dently with a great multitude of con ditions. Mr. Page, in Carson Valley, looks upon the tariff problem as a very simple one. Were he at the head of the Nation he might see things differently. What now seems e plain as day might become com plicated and obscure. We hope that Mr. Page and others who criticise as harshly as ho does m.y sometime learn that deliberation in a public man den not always mean treachery, nor ?oes regard for all ranks of the public mean that any are being fa vored at the expense of the rest. Mr. Taft thinks profoundly and acts with that disregard for mere appearances which has characterized many emi nent statesmen. He carts more for a correct solution of the problems which .he faces than for a plausible one. .This has, of courses its unfortunate aspect, eo far as ho is concerned, be cause the public Is fond of plausible solutions and Impatient with deliber ate methods. We feel perfectly confi dent that the President will present to Congress next Winter a plan for re ducing the wool taxes which will meet all the condition of the case ade quately and which wlll be so reason able and Just that it will be accepted Iboth by Congress and the country. In the. meantime It is no more than ifalr to ask the public to refrain from ipattlng the worst possible interpreta tion upon what he does. Lincoln had to suffer from the mallgant" explana tions his enemies gave of his con duct. Nothing he did suited them. Every act was conceived In iniquity and brought forth in sin. Still, in the long run. It came out that Lincoln's motive were rather higher than those if hls'irltics. It may happen to be so with Mr. Taft's. We do not complain if Mr. Page's lapse of memory as to what The Oregonlan has said about the tariff commission. They are i:atural. This paper did not "fight a tariff commission until Its advent was inevitable." On the contrary, it up held the idea of a commission from t.e first moment when Mr. Taft pro p .sed It. and felt grieved that Con press limited its powers, as was finally t'.nne. The commission Is not what It ought to be. and nobody knows that l etter than the President, but for all ti.at it is capable of great usefulness. At any rate It Is Imprudent to con demn it for Inefficiency before we know anything whatever about what It can do. Finally, we wish to make on comment on Mr. Page's remark thU Mr. Taft "has steadily degener ated In public favor." This Is no tloubt bis honest opinion, and he has n unquestioned right to express It. tut we shoufd like to ask him on what grounds it is based? How does Mr. page know what the great, silent pub lic is thinking about Mr. Taft? How tan any person know the mind of the Nation nntll it has been expressed at the polls? We lUnk. and most others think, that In 17$ past year Mr. Taft has steadily advanced in public favor. THB Al'DITORIVM KITE. The selection of the Market block for the site of the Auditorium Is sat isfactory for many reasons, of which economy la not the smallest. The lo cation is easy of access, and is at least fairly central. There are objections to It. of course, but none of these were held to be of sufficient weight to over balance the fact that the city owns the ground, thus permitting the en tire sum of the authorized bond Issue to be applied to construction and the expenses Incident thereto. The Auditorium committee has giv en time and careful consideration to this selection, and It Is the part of good citizens to acquiesce In the deci sion without carping. It Is to be re gretted the building cannot be com pleted In time for the Elks' conven tion next year, but It is obvious that a work of this magnitude must proceed at a pace compatible with a structure that will be subject to severe tests and that is expected to endure for many years. It is probable that there will be some waste, both In time and money, due to the wlndlhg and unwinding of red tape that is Insisted upon as the price of responsibility in the under taking. To cavil at this, however, is not to help, hence It may be assessed as a useless wsste of time and energy., Let us. then, content ourselves witn the fact that we are at last to have an auditorium worthy of the standing of Portland. In the commercial, busi ness. Industrial and social "world; a place In which delegates to the large and yet larger bodies that will come here by InvRation in coming years can meet without treading- each other's heels: a place In which our cltlsena can assemble without over-crowding upon occasions which call out large audiences. A building that will be an ornament to the city and an expres sion at once of civic pride and public generosity will be the fruit of this effort. rEAfH rU V9 AND THE PARCELS POST. A traveler through the rural dis tricts of Oregon and Washington at this season of the year sees one of those economic phenomena which be wilder the Intelligence and sadden the heart. Peach plums and early apples are now ripening and falling from the trees to the ground. Unless there happens to be a drove of pigs in the field where tho trees grow, the fruit lies on the ground and decays. Why is it pot gathered and marketed i The answer is complicated. 8 or der to market perishable fruit, the farmer has to solve the transportation problem and overcome the barrier of the middleman. Were he in direct communication with city consumers, we have no doubt that thousands of bushels of excellent fruit which are now wasted would appeafvm the table and contribute to the health and hap piness of urban households. But com munication between the farmer and the urban consumer is not direct. It is as indirect as possible. The path way between them is so Involved that it can rarely be followed. As a matter of fact, if a farmer should attempt to sell peach plums to families In the city, they would usual ly pass through perhaps a dozen dif ferent hands. Each hand would take Its toll, with the consequence that the farmer 'would receive but a trifling price for his fruit, while the con sumer iwould pay three or four times w hat it la really worth. So the plums rot on the ground In the country and the people In town go without. We do not pretend that this hasty sketch of the situation takes every detail into account, but it is truthful as far as It goes. Every person who has to pro vide for a city table knows that It is accurate in substance. Nor are peach plums the only fruit we might talk about. They are mere ly a type of many others. The point we wish to make Is. that it Is prac ticable and easy to establish a direct road between the producer and the consumer. The road Is opened by tho parcels post. If we had that In opera tion, as they have in every other civ ilized country, the peach plums of Oregon would not lie rotting on the ground, nor would the children of Portland go hungry for Summer fruit because their parents could not afford to buy It.. THB JVBILKE TEAK OF THE STATE FAIR. The State Board of Agriculture Is preparing to observe In a suitable .manner the fiftieth anniversary or the Oregon State Fair. Fifty years! In what large numbers the incidents of Oregon history are beginning to be written! In September, 1861, the first battle year of the Civil War so runs the record Oregon's first state fair was held on grounds selected for that purpose near Oregon City. Of its chief promoters and managers, per haps not one survives; of those who were in at these beginnings but few remain to recall the primitive, yet promising, exhibits of orchard and garden, field and meadow; of simple home manufactures that had been wrought In the hand-looms of the Middle West, or of storied New Eng land, and brought across the great plains In chests, spicy with dried thyme and lavender, sweet marjoram and pennyroyal that grew In far away gardens; of horses and cows and sheep and . hogs and poultry, the careful breeding of which had already begun; of fancy work an woman's quaint de vices In crochet and hair work, patefft work and wax work had been named that were exhibited. The writer recalls in this connection a patch work quilt composed of 10,000 pieces, cut in diamond shape and saw tooth, the work of a woman eighty years, that told its story of patience and economy and eye-strain in the State Fair pavilion for many years, including this initial year. The name of the worker is forgotten, the history .of her work, including the number of years required to complete It, is lost to memory; but this old quilt, folded evenly and hanging in a conspicuous place, with Its bit of history written in faded Ink, pinned to It, the small, quaintly-fashioned. neatly-Joined bits of calico, finished with dainty, old fashioned quilting, still live in the memory of at least one of those wh,o attended this first State Fair. Our yet young state was then but little more than two years old. Its territorial history was a thing of yes terday; its citizens were neighbors all, and were mostly known to each other by familiar home names or titles. There was "grandma." who pieced the wonderful quilt: ""grandpa." who showed a splint-bottomed chair and some ax-handles, and of bows of his own making: "Roxy," who displayed a triumph In the art of making cur rant Jellyi'Aunt Mary," whose neatly stamped 'fats of butter (a sheaf of wheat was the Impress on each golden ball), won the first prize; "Jane." whose creations with bright worsteds and crochet needle were viewed with wonder: "Martha." whose "saltrlsing" itrrau n 11 i iuvulimii. - - tne blue ribbon: and "Sarah" and "Mar- ,r.t ' unH the rest whose genial faces and cordial, good-fellowship be e- spoke women preiud or tneir acniev ment in housewifely roles, ana rea idy with neighborly service, Then there were the men who "managed things." "John," who stood, between 'a giant sheaf of oats and half a dozen stalks of corn of his nl.lnir with arms uDreachlng. to show the marvelous height of these products of his soli and industry; "William, who -was the grower of the "biggest squash." the largest watermelon, an squasn. tne largest araurniriuu, the most generous yield of potatoes from a single hill; "James." whose wheat in sheaf and sack "beat all my ture" as a former resident of rock New England expressed It; "George id J nrmirllv carried his two-years-o son on his shoulder as he made th ie rounds of his sto;k pens again ana again, descanting upon the fine points of his exhibit, and "Henry" and "Rob ert" and the rest, each convinced that Oregon soli was the finest in the world. Oregdn climate the best, and Oregon women unapproachable as Oregon women unapproacimuic cooks housekeepers, wives, mothers . ' i.,. nH enmnanions. - These things considered. J.1 Is em" Inently fitting that a special day is to be set aside for Oregon pioneers on this Jubilee year of the Oregon State Fair. They deserve special mention for reasons that are so obvious that It Is idle to state them. Times have changed and people have changed since the Initial State Fair was held In 1861. A progressive people made much of the opportuni ties for development that the chang ing years have brought. Evidence of this Is found on every hand. Such evidence will be presented In abund ance at the Jubilee meeting of the old new farmers' festival. Yet with all of our rejoicing as a commonwealth at these evidences of progress, the hearts of all loyal Oregonlans of an older era will turn with reverence and ten derness that is akin to. pain to the days wherein the foundations of a state's greatness were laid rudely, perhaps," but with the strength of youth and the energy of a determined purpose days and names and Inci dents which the semi-centennial of the Oregon State Fair will serve to recall. n DICIAL KKCALL AS AN ISSUE. President Taft's announced de termination to veto the .statehood bill because it does not annul Arl zona's obnoxious recall of the Ju diciary will make that subject an is sue In the next campaign and fasten National attention on it. It is prob able that both Senate and House will pass the bill over the vemsbut the President's convictions on the subject are so strong that he" considers neither the prospect of carrying his point nor political expediency In de ciding on his course. J-U8CUS31UI sarUy lnvol duel of thi Justice and Discussion of the recall win neces- lnvolve discussion of the con- the courts. Miscarriages of d blundering administra tion f thA law will be cited as rea sons for making the recall apply to Judges, and, whether they like It or not, the Judges will have to stand the fire of criticism. The misdeeds of the courts have brought uponthem the threat of a much worse evil, which would make them as suspectlble as a legislative body to every passing breeze of public opinion. The best defense the courts can make Is to re form their methods, as some of them have already begun to do, and the best thing the friends of a fearless Judiciary can do is to combine for such reform in the laws and rules of procedure as will facilitate such re form. The courts need to administer Jus tice .according to law as Interpreted by reason and common sense. .They should use law as a means to Justice; they have hitherto too often subordi nated Justice to law. They should give Justice promptly and to that end should suppress the long-winded, hair-splitting, contentious lawyer who raises technical points in order that he may prolong litigation and tire out an opponent. The Judges let the law yers run the courts; they should run the courts themselves. If a lawyer offends, he shoVild be really punished, Tnt ha. fined at 10 O'clock and have the fine remitted at noon, after the Judge .has had time to "cool off. jr t.a i.ijm wish the Deonle to respect the courts, iney snouiu iiu. 1 to respect. If the American Judiciary . . 1 I. n..t.ln aafaam the courts, they should prove a tttle holds a lower place In public esteem than that of any other civilized coun try, it is the fault of the Judiciary. and the Judges must ieaa ino movement to bring about a change for the better". The recall would send It still lower In the scale; it ia for the Judges to raise It higher. - illnkhb" of tiie rorr The Illness of Pope Plus X has nat urally caused alarm to the millions ofx adherents of the Catholic church. At "his age an attack of a new ailment, following closely upon the severe at- nr lorvniritls from which he has recently suffered, may sap his strength to such a degree that a fatal result may be feared, although his physi cians are, as usual, optimistic. The reign of Plus X. whose lay name was Guiseppe Sarto, Has wit nessed the maintenance of the power of the papacy over, men's minds, though the church has suffered In tejnporal matters through disestab lishment In France and Portugal, and the crisis In Spain, due to the laws against religious associations. The Pope has made vigorous protest, but without effect, except to stimulate the fidelity of the faithful In these coun tries. He has fought unceasingly for the dogma of the church against mod ernist teaching as to Christian belief. Biblical criticism and jchurch dis cipline, having Issued a syllabus and an encyclical letter on the subject. He came of a poor family, and an af fecting consequence of his election was his separation from his sisters, who took lodgings near the Vatican, that they might be within sight of him. though forbidden to be with him. The election of a new Pope, which would follow In case Pius' illness should prove fatal, will be marked by great secrecy and .conducted according to rules which minutely prescribe .n Hetall. The method of election has undergone many changes in the course of centuries. In the first cen turies of the Christian era, the Pope was elected by the clergy, nobles and people of Rome, and after the days j of Constantino their choice was ap- proved by the Emperor. For a time i art or the restoration of the Emrjire by the Germans, the election was a mere form to confirm the Emperor's choice. In 105 the right to vote was first rivon in the cardinal hishonsi the Kino- or Emneror having the rleht to veto any candidate beforehand and to I . , .1 confirm tne election, in iin Aiexan- I dlnals should elect and abrogated the I imperial prerogative, inis ruie pre vails to this day. In order to elect a Pope the cardi nals win assemble on tne day an the death -wf his predecessor, in the ... ... . conclave, a chapel with a suite of halls in which cells are fitted up for the cardinals and the conclavists, who are their servants, two physicians, a sacrist, two masons and carpenters .nH ft , V That fAnstftiitlnnn on 1 papal election will be read and sworn to by the cardinals, and jthe conclav ists win De sworn in. iney win mc y I adjourn until the tenth day, on me AvAnlns- a which all nthr. than the cardinals and conclavists must leave; 1 an entrances are wauea iiv except uu, throurh which food is introduced. and this Is strictly guarded. In theory every Catholic male, even a layman, , is eligible to be elected Pope, but since the election of Urban VI. in 1178, none but a cardinal has been elected. Austria. France and wtu - , I Spain have had the right each to, de I clare one candidate ineligible, but th' alaetinn of such an excluded candi date could not be challenged, and Pius X has prohibited the cardinals, under penalty of excommunication, to allow the veto of any Government, even though only expressed' as a wish. Every cardinal present Is bound to take part In- an election, sessions be ing held morning and afternoon until a result is achieved. Election may be by acclamation: by compromise, un der which the cardinals transfer their elective power to two or more of their colleagues and instruct them how to proceed; by ballot, under which each cardinal writes a ballot and deposits It in a chalice on the altar. If the number of ballots 'falls "to tally with the number of cardinals present, the votes are burned. If a candidate has exactly two-thirds of the votes, his ballot is opened, and if he has voted for himself the election is void. Where a ballot shows no election, cardinals are allowed to transfer their votes before the result Is announced. 7 The history of the papacy la the history of constant accession of power and influence. At first .regarded merely as chief among .the bishops, the Popes gradually became rulers over the whole. Christian church and reached the zenith of their power when they brought penitent kings and Emperors to their knees and even as sumed to depose such rulers. They were not only spiritual but temporal riiUrs. for much territory around .Rome was included in the papal states, which the Popes held rrom tne year 754 to 1870, when they were fi nally annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Although the church still pas sively protests against the loss of its temporal power, that power was a source of weakness to its spiritual in fluence, which was at a low ebb when the -Popes were Involved In the wars and diplomacy of mediaeval sover eigns, and has never been so great as now, when the Pope receives the homage of Catholic and non-Catholic alike as a great spiritual power. "When a muckraker finds that he is more likely to hit his friends than his enemies, he suddenly suspends op erations; hence Representative Gra ham's inaction in the Controller Bay affair. But Representative Humphrey does not Intend to let the matt'er rest, and, though Graham can protect his friend. Miss Abbott, In committee, he cannot shield her and her instigators In the House, to which Humphrey will carry the affair. He is deter mined that once the muckrake is started it shall rake both ways. Mr. George W. Perkins does not go quite so far as Judge Gary in the di rection of Government control for the corporations. He wants "constructive control," but not price-making by the Government. We fancy, however, that he Is Intelligent enough to see where "constructive control" must end, and he Is prepared to accept the consequences. Between leaving things as they are and "going to the limit," Mr. Perkins would choose the latter. We wonder if "limit" means "owner chip" to his mind. -Air. Alnsworth makes a strong point In his article on" business condl- . i . i.A -a,.a fhaf tariff lairlciLa- i nuns -- Klon Is the only obstacle to lmprove- I T .fh. wnrl tha Democrat ment In other words, the Democrats are making campaign materlarl at the expense of the general prosperity. Their work will be wasted, for It will all have to be done over again as fast as the Tariff Board reports on each Industry. Irving's "Astoria" should be taken from , the shelves and consulted for facts that have a bearing upon the happenings of loO year ago at the month of th& ColumDia Kiver. it win lnake interesting reading at this time. u te a taIe ot facts that, in telling, is . ated ltn the glamor and beauty Invested with the glamor and beauty of romance. .While -the rest of the country mourns diminished crops, Oregon and Washington rejoice in a bumper, and will get high prices, due to the smaller yield of other states. ' The Eastern states' poison is the North west's meat. Sharks, black fl. seallona and other marine monsters have been seen at Neahkahnle. Mountain. What is the favorite beverage In that locality? Some things may be excused In a "lonesome man" away from home and helplessly facing a Job that is too big for him. Some thlngsj but not all. Of course Blllle Burke lost her Jewels In, that fire: Of what use are Jewels fo'an actress except to be lost, strayed or stolen? An estimate placing the Oregon wool crop at $2,500,000 Is not-too low, but is probably the highest for several years to come. ti..1 naarasses in their light Sum mer costumes are making the obse quies of the House of Lords a gay so ciety event. . If everybody is to be believed, Port land is full of "liars, villains and traitors to the state." ' j-" Glfaninf3 of the DaV V-UCcUmigS Ul UlC isa.y A reduction of the regular armies of Europe to the proportion of the Regular Army of the United States would effect a direct saving of 1500,000.000 annually to the nations, and would restore to pro ductive industries 2,733,000 men, whose earnings. conservatively estimated, would amount to J5OO.0OO.O0O more. Eu rope has $1,000,000,000 per annum to gain by the adoption of Carnegie's plan of general disarmament, and of President Taft'a policy of arbitration. Let th Dick-to-Dick charge against the President be changed to the Failed-to-Stick charge. Louisville Courier Journal. , "V It is perfectly reasonable for Mr. La Follette to have a slight swelling In his chest as a result of recent legislation. But lest it extend to his head it may be observed that there's many a slip twlxt a legislative coup and a Presi dential election. Louisville Courier-Jour nal. Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough, ls now devoting her time and her money to a society which provides decent lodg ings for poor working women. Th aim of the society, to quote the words of the Duchess, is "to build new or adapt ex isting houses in crowded district! where a woman can get a clean bed, plain, but cheap, food, and, above all, decent sur roundings for 8, S or 10 cents a night." There always has been plenty of ac commodations for those who can pay at the rate of from $2 to $3 a week, but there are multitudes of decent, well living women, who -do not -earn enough to pay as much as that, and find them selves obliged to lodge In houses whose conditions are "shameful, both morally and physically." One of the desirable features of these houses Is that the lodg ers are allowed to do a little washing, or to cook their own breakfasts and keep the rooms assigned them in order. In the new houses to be built there are to be laundries, ironing rooms and cook ing stoves for the use of which a nomi nal, price will be asked Just enough to secure the women's self-respact. A defender of Amerleo VesDucci's fame as the discoverer Qt America has a ap peared in the person of Dr.- Kicaroo Palma, a scholar of International repu tation of the matter. His contention is that Vespucci's name was never "Amer-lo-n " but "Alberico:" that Vespucci got his name from the country he described rather than that the country got its name from him. Dr. Palma asserts that "America" Is the name of a place in Nicaragua where Vespucci landed, and that it is the designation to this day of a mountain chain in that country. The name, therefore, is of American origin and is not derived from Vespucci, whose given name was "Alberico." Vespucci was nicknamed "Amerigo," according to this theory, because he described a coun try by that name. Just as "Deadwood" Dick and "Arizona" Pete are modern pseudonyms. Dr. Palma asserts that in no part of Europe was "Amerigo" or "Americus" a given name, either for man or woman. Besides, discoverers give their surnames, not their given names to the lands they discover, such as Van Dleman's Land, Vancouver's Island and so on. No land or region Is named for the given name of Columbus Colon, or Columbia, is derived from his surname. Dr. Raima's contention is not without force or' plausibility, says the Louisville Courier-Journal. It may be that, after all, America is a truly American name. Where my eugenic friend goes wrong i in failing to realize that a great many of the maladies which he calls degeneracy are JUBt too much of the highly developed nervous system which is the - special endowment of the tritt-A families, savs J. A. Spander, in the Westminster Gazette. Overcharge the battery ever so little and genius hacomen insanity: give one member of the family a volt too much and the delicate balance of physical ana mental qualities on which sanity depends Is broken down. Extinguish the family and you will rid the world of some degener ates, but you will also and at the same time rob It of Its most gifted men. My eugenlst would never have let Cowper, Lamb, Coleridge, Stevenson, Keats, Ruskln. Henley or De Qulncey'jsee the light. The doctrine of heredity , should never be forgotten by parents or re membered by children. To' the first it Is the assertion of their responsibility; to the second a reminder of their help lessness. People beyond middle age will recall the "Lamplighter," a novel of their youth whose scene was laid in Boston, which would now no doubt strike them aa Hull, hut had Its large vogue in the long ago. There died In . Boston the other day Thomas W. Lee Ray, aged 77, "a lamnlierhter for many years in Eaet Boston" and he must have been about the rftst of the men. whose nightly busi ness it used to be to set the city street lights going. A reaction against the building of huge warships of the Dreadnought type Is foretold by the British admiralty. The original battleship Dreadnought was a vessel of 17,900 tons; within five years Britain was building ships of 26,360 tons, and the 80,000-ton battle ship, was clearly in sight. Naval ex penditure mounted at a staggering rate. The- recent announcement, referred to. If carried into effect, would provlde-for new ships about 9000 tons less In dis placement than the Lion class and about 400 tons less than the original Dreadnought. These ships 'would be armed with only six heavy guns, 15 inches in caliber, as against 10 guns, 13 H Inches In caliber, carried by the very latest super-Dreadnoughts, or eight guns carried, by the ships of the Lion class. A heavy armament for re sisting torpedo attack would also be provided. As to speed. It Is asserted that the new ships, while smaller, will develop a speed unheard of hitherto in ships of their class. And as for cost, it is contended that two pf the new ships could be built for less than one super-Dreadnought and In much quicker time. The principal cause of the re action is evidently the enormous cost of Dreadnoughts, which has furnished good material for the anti-militarists. The craze for Dreadnoughts only dates from the battle of Tsushima Strait In lSOoand none of Them has ever under gone the test of actual warfare, yet the British government no sooner built the first Dreadnought than other na tions stampeded to Imitate it. A stam pede' to abandon that type for a smaller one may be expected to follow the British change of, plan. Hypercritical View of the President's Policies. CARSON. Wash., Aug. 8. (To the Editor.) For some time I have been carefully reading and digesting your editorial articles regarding the politi cal situation of today. To my mind The Oregonlan's apologies for the Adminis tration's stand on tariff revision are ludicrous. It. greatly underestimates the intelligence of its readers by an offer of such palaAcer." It persistently insists that Insurgents and Democrats by attempting to pass remedial legis lation, for which the President himself has shown favor, are attempting to em barrass him. . It feigns to believe that any reduc tion in tariff on trust-made goods with out scientific commission-reported tar iff investigation, which it well knows cannot be had for months, is danger ous, in that it will wrong the trusts. This, though it fought a tariff com mission, until Its advent was inevitable. This, though unable to prevent the ap pointment of a tariff commission. It well knows the stand-pat Republicans were successful in rendering It of but little uee to Congress by refusing proper appropriation and a liberal power of investigation. The fact that the reduction sought by the insurgents and Democrats is not intended to supersede that to be later made by advice of a tariff commission, but is to afford temporary relief only, it seems to ignore, when it must well know that reductions as provided by the Senate woolen and farmers' free list bills are considerably above the rate to which a free acting tariff com mission could possibly advise a re vision. Progressives are as ever favorable'to tariff revision by schedule upon tne advlctj of a tariff commission, but where schedules are so apparently out of all proportion to reason, as a result of which the masses are being exploited In the Interest of big monopoly corpor ations Immediate action is justified. The President has to date seen fit to accept as his counsellors men of re actionary or stand-pat views. He has steadily degenerated In the public favor. Should he, continuing to act by such advice, veto the woolen and free list bills, as against a progressive Democratic candidate for the Presi dency, he will receive such a rebuke as shall Indicate beyond further doubt the alertness of the people. Many have called themselves "Repub licans" because they believed Republi can principles most opportune and ap propriate to our time. They will rlrst attempt to wrest and retain from un worthy persons the party of their Ideals. Falling in this, the party will be submerged, the rats drowned out. Later the ship to be raised and rejuve nated. I give you here a view which I share with many of your readers In the hope that it may help indicate the utter hopelessness of reactionary politics. C. N. PAGE- WANTS ADEQUATE SERVICE PIPES Held to Be Primary Canse of tbe Pres ent "Water Shortage. PORTLAND, Aug. 10 (To the Editor.) The City of Portland is an immense corporation. Resident voters are its stockholders. Among other enterprises this corporation carries on a water busi ness to supply its own needs and to sell. Indirectly through the Mayor, the stock holders elect a Water Board of direc tors to manage this business, which mounts into millions of dollars and ever increases. It calls for high-grade man agement. Its history has a record of Immense' losses; examples oia city i-aric ana Section Line reservoirs, also other ven tures undertaken. All wasteful experi ments hare to be paid for indirectly in the form of rents or prices of necessi ties, as political economy will demon strate. The non-taxpaying stockholder is vitally interested. Theoretically, water directors are jointly and severally responsible for an Intelligent organization and administra tion of the water system and Its staff. While not so assuming, but if one indi vidual dominates the Board by his per sonality, even though an able man, he must expect to shoulder all extra respon sibility he seeks, but it In nowise re lieves the others of their proper share in the eyes of the stockholders. If the technical staff man has not the personality, age or necessary qualifica tions to initiate and submit complete and comprehensive plans for the future and to fight for what is right.fthen the directors are naturally expected to change conditions to make this pos sible. The completion of a naval pro gramme takes years, and so does that of our ever-growing water system. A condition has existed and now ob tains, i. e., k lacK of continuous indi vidual water supply in various districts, due wholly to Inadequate service pipes. It is certainly rudimentary that, no matter how many reservoirs or pipe lines, or wh?n these are finished by con tractors, or whether meters are installed, millions of gallons of surplus water can not be forced Into any district through toy pipes having consumers too numer ous to supply continuously. The surplus then goes to waste in the sewers. The question resolves itself clearly into one for each locality to deal with. The condition being a present one, stock holders of each locality so affected should at once seek a remedy. It lies in demanding and insisting upon having of the water directors, a .public state ment of exactly what plans, if any, are now made to provide adequate service pipes for that locality, and when these plans will be fully carried out. Public discussion of euch plans is mutually profitable. If no plans are made, a general statement of a policy Is In sufficient and plans should be insisted upon. Clearly, now Is the time to provide this relief for this year and succeeding years, or oor troubles will be perennially with us. This city grows apace and executive ability must keep up with it. There is no time to lose. Undoubtedly the pipeline should have been begun two years sooner than it was. The stock holding public is entitled to and should have the full confidence of its Board of Water Directors, even to a frank exhi bition of mistakes made and means taken to overcome them. ROBERT C. WRIGHT. Salt Mlnlns; an Old Industry. Manufacturers Record. Salt production Is about the oldest industry lnthe world. In Italy, the cradle of the salt Industry, it has been manufactured commercially 2500 years. Salt is so necessary to existence that In some parts of the world tribes will sell the . members of their families in ex change for salt. c.it ha. haan thv muse of wars, and I so important has it always been con sidered that in some places me passins of salt is established as a token of friendship, and women throw salt on a visitor as a friendly greeting. In some countries salt is so scarce that it Is ob tained through the ashes of grasses and a species cpalm and other plants. While salt is produced in almost every country in the world, it is stated that nowhere can salt of such purity be obtained at anything like the cost for mining in Louisiana The "Wisdom" of Babes. Chicago Record-Herald. Little Bessie (much Interested In spiritual matters) Mamma, how'll I know when I'm ntughty? Mother Your conscience will tell you, dear. Little Bessie I don't care so much about ifs telling me, mamma; will it tell you? Advertising Talks Br William C Freemaau If your community needs good roads, advertise for them In your home news papers! Dr. Donald McCaskey is president of the Supervisors' Board of Lampeter Township;. Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania. He wranted better roada for his community, but found It hard to get the co-operation of his brother offi cials. He is a great believer in advertising, so he bought 1000 inches of advertising space in the local weekly newspaper, called The Home, to tell the people why good roads Vere needed and how they could sret them. , Dr. McCaskey got up a series of ad vertisements, which he called "Road Bulletins," heading them "Road Dis eases Unmasked," in which he gave facts and figures. The Bulletins were read theronarhlr by the country folk around so thor-' oughly, in fact, that while, a few months ago, the Doctor's efforts for road Improvement were met with arro gant refusal, since the -appearance of these educational "Road Bulletins" the road officials are now inclined to co operate and ataslat In fixing: the roada. The newapaper advertlalng; columns saved the day! and the township has become one of the most notable in the state in the matter of road improve ment. This is the new "departure in news paper advertising, and. as it has proved so effective in this ease, there is no reason why a public official in any branch of the service, who finds him self confronted with indifference or animosity, should not buy a certain amount of space and tell his story to the public. If the story is true if he is an hon est, efficient workman, the people will soon find it out, and will support him In every way in their power. (To be continued.) Brad's Bit o' Verse They laid the great man in histomb. and s.ll the world was wrapt in gloom; the . anxious query passed around, "Where can another such be found; who now will rise to take his place; and who can fill that vacant space? Is this old planet doomed to go to dark, abysmal depths of woe?" Men gave It .up; but, strange to say, the stricken world kept on its way; the stars laughed down from space sublime, the sun came forth on schedule time, the south. winds chased across the lea, the rivers mur mured to the sea; all Nature seemed to spin along as if her plans had ne'er gone wrong; the ship" of state rode through the gale with scarce a kink upon her sail; the markets held their steady tone, life's game went on with out a groan; and in a week the great man's fame was but a memory and a name. You toil and sweat and plan and scheme to reach the summit of your dream; you sigh for glory and renown, you long to wear the victor's crown; but by and by, when you are gone, the world will plod serenely on, your name will dwindle from the list; the chances are you'll not be missed. Get busy with your humble task; for empty honors do not ask; let all your deeds and thoughts ring true; do all the good that you can do; and when is quenched life's mortal spark, step bravely out Into the dark. (Copyright. 1911. by W. D. Meng.) Half a Century Ago From The Oregonlan. Aug:. 11, 1SB1. Government has accepted the services of a regiment of Infantry and five com panies of cavalry from California to protect the overland mall and emigrant route between the state line and Salt Lake. No boats are running on the Upper' Willamette on account of the low wa ter. The Yamhill continues its daily -trip's to Dayton. A little boy, 6 years of age, the son of Mr. John Miller, was violently thrown out of a bnggy yesterday after noon, while his father was driving along Front street, and severely but not dangerously bruised. The accident was caused by the buggy suddenly running in one of the many holes In our streets. $40,200 In gold dust, nearly all from the Nez Perces mines, was shipped on the steamer Sierra Nevada, which sailed yesterday evening, for San Francisco. Stfrana-a riaflnltlon flf a Hero. Chicago Record-Herald. "Jack Sands Is a hero," declared Jack's adoring chum and satellite. Joseph, when asked to define the word "hero" for his classmates and give an example of its meaning. "He can eat sour apples an' persimmons an' never make the leastest ugly face." THE SEW ACADEMIE. Had I been born today, I know. Instead of 20 years ago. Ah, how much' smoother would my course In higher education flow; Since Palo Alto set a pace , Anew for all the human race. Making plain beef a factor in The present day diploma chase. No need to learn philology. To dabble in psychology. Far deader than its fossils is The science of geology. For Stanford's Dons at present seek To line football along with Greek, And one who bucjes the line s as good As one who Homer's tongue can speak. . 'TIs but a step. Full soon, I wish. Baseball and track will follow this, And polo stars illume the niche. Where now the shrewd logician ia. 'TIs- not beyond a man's belief. Soon to see boxing put a reef In algebra, and vindicate The great scholastic reign of Beef. Tf T hi,fr HvaH In srhool todav. ' I'd shunt my textbooks all away. And practice on the strangle hold, And mingle In the fistic play: Great honors should shower down on me; Tennis should capture my A. B., And fencing cop the master's script. And football land the .Ph. D. Yea, though nuy head were genus pin. With naught bat mush contained therein. Given the muscles of the mule. Scholastic honor might I win. And live to mock the toll and pains Of those who wore the Old School's chains, - When Ph. D.'s were based upon That sorry substance men call brains. Dean Collins. -Portland, August 9, 1911.