Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (March 27, 1911)
T1TC SrOirrcOJ OREGOXIAy. MOyPAY. MARCH 27, 1911. MINE USED ON TEXAS BORDER (Army to Use Airships for Scouting, Setting Warfare Precedent. vAVIATORS RUSH TO SCENE I Maix-uTcrs loci ode Target Fraetlco or Brigade Rebels Reported to 1 Bo Active- Throughout Mexico Since Cabinet Changes, AN" ANTONIO. Tex March 31 f pe elal.) If prtMDt plana are carried out the utility of aeroplane AS scouts along tae border will bo tested Id an elaborate manner, establishing a nw epoch In mod ern warfare and In aerial navigation. Kajor George O. Siuler. commanding the signal corps, das returned fmm a wall's scouring trtp on horseback up and down the Rio Grande Itivrr above and below Engl Pass, preliminary to detailing tf-.e Army aeroplarwa thrre for -outing duty. Major Squier covered mile, paying particular attention t landing places, mmmunlriitlunl and sig cal eorpa stations. Aviators Hasten to ntbc. Lieutenant Paul TV. IWk. John C talker and Gt-orge E. M. Kelly have been glren hurry orders to rrport to Major Ikiutcr at San Antunlo. Tr-rre iw snplAorf. a right and two Our tia maWilnra, irt now en route to San Antanlo. Ufulnnaot Ben D. Foulols machine wt.l make a tour at the mm maod of Major 4iuier. It la understood that the tnacctnea axe to be sent to the border within the next few cUty. each witn aa aeronautical detachment of the signal corps. The stations have not been determined, hut It Is probable Eagle Paw. Del Rio. Presidio and 14 Paso will be the head quarters of the aerial scouts. firlradlar-Oenerat W. si. Schuyler, com mander of the Independent cavalry bri gade led a portion of his brigade to leon Sprtnrs Sunday moraine; for target practice. Toe detachment Included near ly all the seventh Cavalry and part of the Ninth. These troops will probably operate with the Klrst Brigade, now in camp here tinder command uf Brlga-iter-Oeneral F. A. Smith. Ilrhcls Reported Active. While It was a quiet and uneventful day In the maneuver camp, telegrams rrota Mexico Indicate that rebel activity had been rather increased since the reslgnstioo of the cabinet, the local Junta declaring It Is the Intention to force such matters to a point where recogni tion of the bellgerenta would be neces sary on the part of both the Mexican and United States governments. hfonrlava Is about half way between C P. Diss and Monterey, and controls the junction at Keata. between Monterey and Terron. If the rebels succeed in taking these two towns and cutting on? railroad communication more than I0,Ou miners will be out of employment. Fac ing starvation, they will hava to Join the Insarrectos and forage on the sur rounding country. dan Carlos. miles south of Del Rio. Is also threatened, according to tele grams received here. Troope from C. P. I'tax have beea rushed there. JACK.IKS GET SHORE LIBERTY They Are Told to Return to Slrlps If Signal Are Given. PAN DIEGO. Cal- March J. Ad miral Thomas baa moved his fleet into the Inner harbor and the officers and men are being granted shore leave. Instructed to return aboard at a sig aal by whistles or siren or firing of a srun. This ts a general precaution and Aias bo special significance. Oeneral Bliss has Issued orders for fsneral field practice. FORESTERS NAME ALBANY Grand Coart to Mere There In Con vention Mar 1 . ALT1AST. Or.. March St Speelal. The Grand Court of Oregon of the For esters of America has selected Albany as the place and May K aa the date of tts next annual convention. Court Lib erty. No. 3. of this city, plana to en tertain the biggest gathering of Fores ters seer held In the state. The Grand Cotirt will convene at 1 'dock A. M- and will be In sexton two daya. Between H and 10 delegatea will attend from ail parts of the stale. The Albany court has appointed the following committee on general arrange ments for entertaining the state body: C O. Burs ban. past grand chief ranger, chairman: Fred Waton. H- A Meeker. Adolpa Senders and V. H. Warner. The fccal court also elected Harry T. Shea and Adolph genders aa deiegatas to the grand court and J. J. Collins and Bert Crawford as alternate delegatea The general committee on arrange wieats will appoint sub-committees. A banquet and smoker are planned aa features of the se I on. and as many members of Grand Court will probably bring their wives, the wives of the local Foresters will provide entertainment for them. A grand bail may also be given by the local court during the session. CHURCH FIRE INCENDIARY Reroud Attempt on Walla Walla Edifice Ja rail ore. WAI.LA 'WALLA, Waah, March X. (SpecuL For tne second time within ftve months an attempt has been made te burn the Episcopal Church, and while the fire of lart night wm at ftrat thought to be accidental. Invest !gLion showed that It was almost certainly kindled by ma IncenJ.ary. The first attempt was nude early last W inter and was not suc cessful In desire) Ir.g the buUding. Both rirea caused heavy damage to the Inter ior of the church. There bad beea a email fire In the church ta the early afternoon, but Organ ist Harry Casey sava that whsn he vis ited the church at t o'clock It was cold. ur1ng the Bight the fire started, and wae discovered after it bad burned the chased, the chotr room and the vestry Molalla Land to Be Drained. CaSBT. Or. March 2. ?per!ml.) A large acreage of Molalla Rlrer lands, sear its Junction with the Willamette, will be drained and prepared for Inten sified farming soon. Three carloads of tiling havs been unloaded on the side tracks of ths Southern Paciaa la prep .xattoa Urn Oils Uaprovemeoc. SNAPSHOTS OF AMXEIOAN TROOPS ON BOEDER. .V.., J rxT -; ;.- 1 .- -'-"uiWhi $?k;-ri sy -A. .- " pv. a V ' : 9-S, ... . ' '" ABOVE. OLDIF.K- PLAYING CARDS CENTER, COLOEI. PI.VMMF.R AND GENERAL ItOYT WATCIITNO MANEUVER BELOW. MAJOR VON lltKEWOHTU AND ALDU WAICUUO MANEVVEHJI. MAIL MADE FREIGHT Postmaster-General Hitch cock Inaugurates New Plan. SAVING OF COSTS IS IDEA Official Declares Sobe-nss la Not ITopoMxl aa Solution, of Oontro Tersr, but Think It WUl Trad to Po So. WASHTXOTON. March 16. Magaxlnes and other bulky periodicals after July 1 next will be transported by the Post- office Department In carloads, aa fast freight. Postmaster-General HltchcocK Is fl- vrloplng plsns as rapidly as possible to utiliie fast frslaht In the transportation of raagaalnea whera practicable and In Instances where a saving to tne oovem ment la transportaUon charge may be effected. The plans I hava decided upon.- saia Mr. Hitchcock, "are not proposed as a eoiutlon of the pending controvsrsy over the suggested Increase of the seconu class rates on advertising sections of magaxines. but they probably will tend to bring about a solution of that ques- Uoo.- WeigMns; to Be Separate. The quadrennial weighing of the malls tat the third contract of the country, comprising the states of Ohio, Indiana. Illinois. Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri, la now In progress. By direc tion of Mr. Hitchcock, the weights of monthly and semi-monthly periodical mall matter originating In large publish ing centers are being taken and kept separate from the weights of other mails. From July 1 next periodicals that can be transported in carload lots by fast freight through the section and weighed without disadvantage In delivery will be carried In this manner. The weights of the periodicals during the present weighing will be excluded on the basis of sdjustment of transportation pay for the four-year term on the railways af fected. Terminals Are Natrerd. Distributing terminals have been es tablished In Boston, Nsw York. Phila delphia. St- Louts. Omaha. St. Paul. Chi cago and Cincinnati. Through matter that can be handled In carload lots will be sent through Uie weighing section by freight and such additional distribution as 1, necessary before the mstter ts de livered to other railway Poetofflce lines will be done at the terminus. Arrangementa will be made with the pulillnhers for a finer separation In the publishing fflcea and for an earlier T-"'"g of their matter so that the ' - - '.- " slower method of transportation may not affect the regularity or promptness of its delivery. "We expect." said Mr. Hitchcock, "to effect considerable economies, not only In the actual cost of transportation of the matter, but also In the railway Post office car pay." 18 LIVE 0N$175 MONTH Chicago Parents of II Children Say All Mouths Are Well Fed. CH1CAGO, March . (Special.) Should the sovereign State of Illinois decide to pay a bounty for large fami lies and call the roll of Its citizens, Michael Fox, 7810 Vancey avenue, will be able to answer "present." Mr. Fox. who Is a switchman on the Illinois Central Railroad, never has re ceived any congratulations from Theo dore Roosevelt, although deserving of them. Of the 811.115 children In Chi cago, Mr. Fox has 1 and they are all strong and vigorous. There was a sort of a reunion of the Fox family today, but Mr. Fox was not present. He was out In the switchyards at work, for It takes all he can earn seven dsys a week to fill the stomachs and cover the feet of the young Foxes. "How do we manage to feed and clothe so many T" repeated Mrs Fox In answer to a question today. "Well, they don't look as It they didn't get enough to eat. do theyr she asked as she looked admiringly at her large family. "Mike makes about IS a month." said Mrs. Fox. "and our grocery bill runs between 1 90 and $100 a month, but we get along all right. Two of the boys are working for the Illlnoia Cen tral and two girls work In the tack factory, so the family Income la about $17 a month. They all get enough to eat and all are strong snd healthy." SUICIDE ATTEMPT FAILS Despondent Man Resuscitated After Inhaling; Gaa. J. T. Cosgrove. ' years old. attempt ed suicide yesterday by turning the gas on In his room at 491 Hawthorne avenue and lying in bed. deliberately awaiting death. He had been lonely and despondent and several times had threatened, to end his life. His pur pose would have been accomplished had It not been for J. E. Ferguson, proprietor of the place, who had knocked on Cosgrove'a door several times In the course of the day and the last time he tried to awaken the late sleeper detected the odor of gas. Ferguson summoned Patrolman Royle, who lives next door, and the two gained entrance to the room through an outside window. Cosgrove having taken the precaution to bolt his door before turning on the gae. Patrolman Royle dragged Cosgrove to the window and tried to resuscitate him by artificial respiration until a phvslclan arrived. Cosgrove was un conscious and his body rigid. When a doctor arrived Cosgrove was hast ened to St. Vincent's Hospital In a Red Cross ambulance. At the hospital last night It was said Cosgrove would live. WOOL MEN WILL GET NO WELCOME House Committeemen Give Them Scant Hope About Tariff Question. CANNON KICKS ON OFFICE Ex-Speaker. Complains New Berth in Basement Is Too Near Icebox, So Jle Will Be Quartered on the Main Floor. WASHINGTON. March 28. Members of the ways and, means committee of the House of Representatives are not much exercised by the announcement that Western wool growing interests are preparing to march upon Washing ton in force when the tariff question Is considered. I "While I have no aathority to say that wool growers will not be given a hearing." said Chairman Underwood. "It ia my opinion that they miKht just aa well make an assault upon Gibraltar aa upon the House. We know the ar guments that will be advanced against the revision of schedule "K.' but there Is no question about what the House will do. We will make our revision and send It to the Senate and whether it goes any further remains to be seen." The comment made by Mr. Under wood reflects the attitude of the en tire majority of the ways and means committee and of the leaders of the new Democratic House. Acting as a committee on commit tees, the members of the ways and means committee have practically completed their labors. There has been a great deal of speculation about the chairmanships and the general im pression is that. In general, the senior ity rules have been followed, but as the rules are all subject to change at the Democratic caucus to be held next Saturday, there will be no offi cial announcement of the proposed or ganisation before then. Republicans Are Inactive. No action has been taken by the Re publican minority concerning commit tees. The Republicans will have one third of the membership of each com mittee, and It Is probable that most of the Important places will be-filled by men who are now the ranking mem bers. It Is likely that a place on ap propriations will be Kiven Mr. Cannon, who was chairman of that committee prior to his elevation to the Speaker ahlp. The Democratic leaders heard there was a movement on the part of the "standpat" Republicans to make Mr. Cannon the minority leader. It was assumed that he would be given the room in the basement formerly occu pied by Champ Clark, who is to be Speaker. "Champ. I don't want that room of yours." said "Uncle Joe." when he heard of this plan. "Why, It la right up against the Ice box and I'd have "rheumatics' In all my Joints in less than a week." The room In question adjoins the re frigerating plant at the Capitol, and It Is damp at times. Arrangements then were made by the Democrats to pro vide a room for Mr. Cannon on the main iloor, convenient to the cham ber. This was intended as a courtesy to the man who has been In control of the House reins for so long, and the action would have been taken, whether Mr. Cannon was elected, mi nority leader or not. Anti-Cannon Men Aroused. Immediately, however, the anti-Cannon Republicans were aroused, and now It looks as If the minority leadership will be disposed of only after a fight. Mr. Cannon has told a number of his friends that he does not want the leadership of the minority. "I've had my fling," he said. Unless urged by "standpatters" It Js not be lieved he will be a candidate. Should he not be elected. It Is likely the con tost will be between Mann of Illinois and Weeks of Massachusetts. Both would be sure of large votes, should they become rivals. Few Senators have been In the city during the last week. All talk that has been heard has been entirely for mal, but it indicates that there will be a genuine attempt of regulars and In surgent Republicans to "get together." The promotions to vacant chairman ships under the seniority rule will give the "progressives' a good show,-and it Is llknly also that places will be given to this faction on the Important com mittee, such as finance, appropriations and judiciary. DE LA BARRA FOR PEACE (Contlnned From First Page.) trustworthy source that Francisco la to San Antonio, were really on their a Barra came the information from' a dero. Sr., and Gustavo' Madero, who passed through here last night, en route way to Join the declared President of the provisional government in his stronghold In Chihuahua. As these two men discussed inform ally with Senor Llmantour In New York, the prospects of peace, and thus are believed to be fully acquainted with the government's Intentions, they will play an important part in the negotia tions calculated to restore tranquillity. Minister Will Not Talk. Minister DS la Barra today declined to discuss or publication the plans he had In hand for bringing about peace, but he admitted that he formulated cer tain ideas which he wajld lay before President Pi ax. From a person In the confidence of the Mexican Government, as well as the leaders of the revolutionists, it was learned tonight that the prospect of peace in Mexico Is so bright that the paramount question now is to decide upon the modus operandi of negotia tions. It is admitted this Is no small obstacle. The revolutionist leaders have requested that the negotiations be formal, and that they be carried on In Washington. The Mexican Government, It is said, feels unable to accede to this request because of the fear that its dignity abroad will be weakened. Such formal negotiations, it is argued, might be in terpreted as a recognition of the bel ligerency of the insurgents. The Mex ican Government is known to be' strongly disposed to treat for peace, and will endeavor to consummate a convenient means of negotiations next week. Fears Would Go. Fears expressed by members of the revolutionary party that political per secution might follow the laying down of arms would be set at rest, it is be lieved, with assurances by members of the new cabinet. Such a step will be one of the first taken by the new cab inet, according to advices here. The method of peace negotiations, which probably will be urged by the cabinet, will be formal presentation by the revolutionary party of the pro gramme they desire. This will be fol lowed by conferences designed to sat isfy all factions. As a proof to the revolutionists of Its good Intentions, the Mexican Gov ernment will soon put into effect in the State of Puebla a corrective elect ive policy. " v REYES TO BE WAR SECRETARY He Will Take Leadership In Field fntll War Ends, However. MEXICO CITY. March 26. Though no one has yet been selected to take the place of General Manuel Gonzales Coslo, as Minister of War, there ls a -growing belief that General Bernardo Reyes ul timately will occupy that post in the new Dias Cabinet. That General Reyes soon will return to this country from Paris is conceded gen erally and a semi-official statement had been made that ho will be given com mand in the army, perhaps In charge of the forces against the rebels In the north. This Is taken by many to mean that the post of Minister of "War will remain filled by General Coslo until af ter the close of the war when General Reyes will be called to the capital and placed In charge of the department. According to popular opinion. General Diaz himself will continue to assist In planning the campaign against the rebels and to General Reyes will be left the work of carrying it out. Cosio's part will bo to occupy the Cabinet post nom inally, at least until such time as the government sees that It can with safety call in Reyes and place him In charge. Tomorrow the formal announcement of the appointment of the new Cabinet will be made and Tuesday or Wednes day the Inauguration of the ministers will take place. Little doubt as to the personnel remains except In the Depart ment of the Interior. This is the de partment filled by Vice-President Corral. According to reports received today, the- President's reported selection of the members of his new Cabinet has- been the subject of favorable comment In all quarters of the republic, even In the cities held by the rebels. The revolu-' tlonlsts profess to believe that capable men have been chosen but still insist that the government has not gone far enough to Justify them in stopping the fight they are conducting. Ia spite of their protestations, how ever, official Mexico, the diplomats sta tioned here and the conservative publlo believe that President Diaz has accom plished much toward satisfying the dis contented elements. In the new Cabi net there is no man who is avowedly a Maderotst, but, on the other hand, . v. . i nn ..s Tr-nn who ha figured prominently In administration affairs. They are young men wixn auiuinuus i make names for themselves. IXSCRRECTOS NOT PLEASED "ew Men In Mexican Cabinet Axe Declared Against Reforms. EL PASO, Tex March 2. On Inti mations direct from Francisco L Ma dero. It is given out In insurrecto cir cles here today that the selection of President Dlas' new cabinet Is, so far as made public, believed to be entirely unfriendly to the reforms for which the Mexican insurrection is being waged, and that as a consequence, the war probably will go on uninterruptedly. It Is pointed out that among the men selected for the cabinet, none is dis tinguished for any activity in the re form movement for which Madero is In arms. BOYS TO BEAR COFFIN WILLIAM AA CLYDE1 GOODWIN TO BE BURIED TODAY. Single Casket to Contain Both Bod ies Analysis of Stomachs May Be Delayed. VANCOUVER. Wash.. March 26. (Special.) Six boys, from among scores who knew William and Clyde Goodwin and offered to be pallbearers, have been chosen to act at the funeral, which will be held tomorrow unless the County Attorney enters objection. They will be Ernest Speers. Cecil Hemmlnger, Hiram Blaker, Dewey Crowley, Joseph Knapp and Charles Lamb. All are In the fifth and sixth grades In school. Both bodies will be borne In a single coffin to a grave in Wilson Bridge Cemetery, after the funeral service, at Knapp's chapel, at which Rev. Otis E. Gray, rector of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, will officiate. Mrs. Goodwin was permitted to see the bodies of the children tonight, for the first time since they have been prepared for burial. Miss Alice Shoemaker, teacher of the fifth grade, said today that William J .. . a . Vi hriirhtMt and One Of UUimniu - the best-behaved pupils in her room. Mrs. Goodwin remainea oeoiuw sons' bodies an hour tonight, and re- .... ... . Piimn.. thA atorv of their death. Her story was the same as the one she told nrst. except mat sue men tioned the presence of Moon. Raleigh Moon, who Is charged with murder In the second degree in con nection with the death of the children, spends his time in the County Jail playing cards, reading and smoking clirarettes. Spring Time Is Planting Time sunn in. m. .m.m.mu. n ,4.i . .in '- !.. . -.v- ' - ' . i . , . c . ; - V ; - ,. -. " -i " . ' " -", i 1 - i :. -s-vv-sx; r .n ; ' - . ' - N . ! , " ' : s ' v sT' v . I , i .- wM - - !- ' - .-: . "'t.-i ! :.-.:.. ., The Action " if SWEET L HOME J There Is nothing- so delightful as living " 'neath your own vine and fig tree." Are you, Mr. Family Man, planning to build your home this Spring or Summer? '" If you have no lot. go out to Laurelhurst. make your selection, then come to 522 Corbett Building, and Mead Murphy, Sales Agents, will make you a tempting proposition. They will not only sell you the lot on liberal terms, but they will help you build. . . ' tAl BELHURST is In the center of the most exclusive residence district in Portland, IS initiates by car from Third and Morrison. Take Rose City Park, East GUsan street or Montavllla cars. Prices 900 and up 10 per cent cash, 2 per cent a month, 13 per cent discount to builders. Phones Main 1503, A 1515 T. R. PRAISES BIBLE Influence of Book Declared More Than Any Other. REGULAR READING URGED Ex-President Speaks to Immense Crowd in Greek Theater, Berke ley, Cal. Book Is Asserted Sure Guide to Conduct. BERKELEY, Cal.. March 26. Deliver ing the third of the Earl series of lec tures at the Greek Theater of the Uni versity of California here today on "The Bible and the Life of the People," Col onel Roosevelt placed the Bible above all other books in the English or any other language for Its Influence on the people, saying that It ought to be made as much a matter of study in the secu lar colleges of the country as In the sem inaries, and urged the study of it by all persons as a guide -to conduot. The crowd that gathered to hear the ex-President was the largest since his arrival to deliver a series of five ad dresses. The theater was filled long be fore the hour set for the lecture, and for two hours before he put in an ap pearance the people sang sacred and patriotic hymnst Thousands who could not gain admittance remained In the vi cinity of the theater to cheer Colonel Roosevelt as he left. He referred to the incident as "one of the most remark able he had ever witnessed." Deht Owed to Bible. In opening his address Colonel Roose velt said that the greatest debt the English-speaking people owe Is to the Bible as we know it in our homes, and that no person can afford to be without a knowledge of It. The speaker said certain critics of the Bible who take sections of the Old Testament and assert that they are not In accordance 'with our own beliefs of morality were ignorant of the fact that our theories are based on the New Test ament. ' In urging regular reading of the Bible Mr.' Roosevelt said he wanted to caution "over zealous" mothers. "Don't make the mistake of forcing the child to learn verses from the Bible as a punishment. Don't make them look upon the Bible with a feeling of pain, but rather induce them to consider It with pleasure. My own preference is for reading the Bible to the child. ' Put the meaning Into words they can understand and you will find that they will get the story readily enough." Colonel Roosevelt said he deplored the fact that some people regard reading of the Bible on Sunday as a sort of fetish, disregarding Its teachings the re mainder of the week. In this connection he referred to a class of men, who, hav ing fallen from grace, make the appeal for leniency because they have been "pillars of the church." "They are rotten pillars," said the ex Presldent, "and by such a plea they Now Visit onr city yard downtown, corner Second and Main streets, and see our fine display of Ornamental Shrubbery, Trees and Vines. EOSES Standard and new varieties in stock. Abund ance of Madam Caroline Testont, the famous Fort land Rose; strong 2-year plants 25c each, 13 for $3. DAPHNE These flowers are very fragrant. "We carry 2 fine varieties, pink and white. This evergreen shrub blooms early. Prices range from $1.00 to $1.50. CAMELLIA This is a handsome evergreen shrub, hav ing beautiful evergreen foliage and waxy, showy flowers. They come double flowered, white, pink and variegated. A limited number for sale, so don't delay. Prices 75c to $1.50; large specimens, four feet high, $3.00 to $5.00. J. B. Pilkington REMOVED from foot of Yamhill Street to the corner of 2d and Main Sts. Telephones A 1452, Main 4219. only wrice their condemnation In larger letters." Colonel Roosevelt received a telegram today from Charles A. Ingram. Speaker of the lower House of the Wisconsin Legislature at Madison, inviting him to address the Wisconsin Legislature on his way East. Roosevelt replied accepting, saying that he would do so on Satur day morning, April 15. Canbv Acres to Be Cleared. CANBT, Or., March 26. (Special. Harry Kyetake. of Seattle, has closed several contracts to clear 1100 acres in this neighborhood. The land was bought recently by homeseekers from the Middle West. As soon as It Is ready for the plow it will bo set out to walnuts and filberts. Graduate of Oregon University Dies WASCO, Or., March 26. (Special.) Dr. H. E. Beers died at his country home here Saturday. He was a graduate of the medical department of the Univer sity of Oregon In the class of 1890. Dr. Beers la survived by his widow and son, i years old, father and one brother. LECTURE NO. 21 CHAUFFEURS Should Have Good Vision The man who drives the auto should have as good vision as the engineer of the railroad train Is supposed to have. Simply because he wears the clothing which tells the public just what is his busi ness, is not enough. The mo mentum of the automobile Is not realized by many; when it te go ing fast and hits something the effect is the same as if the object hit were to strike the car with a corresponding force, and the result is disaster. To avoid this good eyesight la called for, though so far no chauffeur Is ever made to have his eyes examined. How many more terrible accidents there will be before this Is insisted on is a question on which there can be much guessing, but there will surely come a time when the eye eight of those who drive automo biles will be as carefully looked into as s now the eyesight of the engineers who drive the fast through trains. OPTICAL WORK IN ITS HIGH. EST EXCELLENCE HERE. THOMPSON EYESIGHT SPECIALIST SECOND FLOOR CORBETT BLDG, Fifth and Morrison. Is the Time jBWK-''"-.t9'.-.:x. .'':' .v'vv'- .-.-.: