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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 6, 1910)
V 10 TI1E MORNING OREGONIAX. TUESDAT. SEPTEMBER 6. 1910. Tift ersrVyrtT ''lrtY onri direction, hut here and there it V ViX VllUlllCir presents polnt. which even Mr. Hill rOKTLAXD. OREOO. tnl.rM at M-llaad. Oregon. FoetonMce as fectod-ciaaa Matter. aaacelpU Ilalea larartablr ta Anvmaea. eo . 4 1 (HI MAIL). TaiTy. Suo4ay t-luiel. ent year . - - TeU.r. Fun.1tf tn-lu11- pirn month . rxJlY. 8ulir Included, three, mont&e.. -tiit. Sunder Included, ooa anmth.... Iaiy. l--i.it Sunday, one year J T'aJ r. without Kun.ur. month ... J - rajy. hnut Fundar. ibfM i.oolhH . l JUv. without Sunday, month... " veei. on yr I ?! Sunday. an year J JJ uaoajr and weekly, ona year By Carrier). Ta1Ty. "hm1ay Included, ana year.. Daily. Bundajr. Included, ana month Haw la Reaalt Send Poelnfrire money ne-der. eir-reee order or nereonal charh on aux loeal bank, Stamps. 'n or are at the Mtuirfi net ".ia rnatnmre aW'treea ta roll. Inrladlna fuBty and etate. rtMife Kate to tn 14 ree. ' rent: t 2a pet-aa, 2 real; to pare. S caote: l A pacaa, 4 rent a Foreica poetase dwjbje rata. I bam ftoeiaeaa Offlre Verree Cnnk fn X-w Tork Kmnaelrk bulldlna. Chl- Stea-er bulMlnc. t.M .TS arom-'n. Tirjn.v. r.rr. .vs. mxx ox rtmn nwintTio.v. In th address by James J. Hill. 1tten for the Portland Llve- vtock Exposition. Mr. Hill . reiter ated .with new emphasis those fundamental truths concerning the rources of food supply and the cost wf living which he has been teaching Tor a long time. The logical frame of 3i!s addre is simple and its signlfl ravnce portentous. Notwithstanding; our Yapldly Increasing population the num- er of domestic animals In the United Crates Is actually decreasing. The re- reipts of livestock at the Chicago stock $-ard fefl off more than a million and . half head from 190S to 1909. Taking dogs alone, perhaps the most import ant of all the food animals, the re ceipts at the thirteen principal markets In the country diminished by more Than five and a half million between 80S and 1109. If this keeps up what tire we coming to? Who will be able to eat meat five years from now with a. demand constantly growing and supply as constantly diminishing? .Mr. Hill then proceeds with his Inex -orable command of Industrial Informa tion to show that this process Is likely to continue. It Is not a mere transient 'phenomenon duo to causes which will 'presently disappear, but is a condition that will be accentuated unless Intelli gent effort is brought to bear. The tendency has been plain for Ynany eaxs to those who would take the pains to see It. "It has been wrltr ten In our statistics for many years ")f anyone cared to look for it." to quote .Mr. Hill's precise language. Natural Jy our exports of livestock are falling sff since the number of head reaching the primary markets has decreased. Hut it will surprise many to learn that thin country exported 40 per cent less -wheat In 1909 than In 1904. The pimple fact Is that food production is falling behind food consumption in the United States. We are confronted with the specter of falling nutriment vhich Malthus predicted would appear everywhere In the world sooner or later, and It brings high prices, hard chip to the Industrious poor and Im poverishment to the soil. But Malthus taught that the failure of food was a 'Tate that could not be avoided. Mr. Hill shows pretty clearly that In rur case we have ourselves to blame. One reason which he advances for the decline In livestock production is sin amlarly Interesting. In primitive times, before the railroads were built, the only way to get crops to market prof itably was to feed them to cattle and nogs which could transport themselves. Js'ow the railroads have made trans portation cheap and facile and It seems to pay better to market the grain In its natural state. It follows that the farmers do not raise so many animals bs formerly. No doubt this is one rea son why the number of domestic anl 'Cmals has declined, hut of course there are many others. The attractive sim plicity of grain farming must not be soverlooked. To raise a crop of wheat or corn, prepare it for market and sell Bt out of hand requires little exercise rf the brain and leaves the farmer long leisure hours during the Winter months. Raising livestock Is a very different matter. It requires knowl edge of breeds, problems of diet In trude, and It Is necessary to wait Donger for returns, at least If one raises rattle. Thus the intellectual inertia rf the farmer inclines him to waste ful grain production. In his Industry 3ie follows the line of least resistance, soften to his serious loss. The Increasing value of land has been another factor in curtailing the number of food animals. This has tkept the farmer of small means with Sits nose to the grindstone. He found It necessary. In order to pay rent and "taxes, to produce whatever would brlng In Immediate returns and had neither time nor capital to take ad vantage of scientific methods. The "destruction of the roor is their pov serty. As Mr. Hill points out. the ne glect of animal Industry on the farms thas necessarily led to impoverishment f the soil.. Constantly" removing food elements from the land and restoring Mule or nothing has caused the yield of wheat and corn to decline steadily aintll now It Is less than half what It nould be per acre. Of course the remedy for this dis couraging state of things is a radical change In our methods of agriculture, Conservation of the soil Is more Im portant than any other branch of that much discussed subject, and It is provi dential that It can be accomplished "without any legislation or sectional quarrels. Nothing Is necessary but a moderate amount of Intelligence on the farmer's part, a determination to aban don wasteful methods for something 2etter. and capital enough to fnable liim to put his improved ideas into practice. Just hs lack of capital and Intelligence is the cause of all blun ders on the farm, so they are Indis pensable to progress. Not only must se have farmers who are better In formed but we must also have more farmers if the food supply of the coun try Is to overtake the population. Where are the farmers to come from? It la all very well to urge boys to stay on the farm, but who can ex pect them to work in the country for at dollar a day when they can earn our in the city with less labor? At the very basis of declining food pro tj jctlon lies the lack of men to do the manual labor of raising It. It would be very Interesting to hear Mr. Hill or somebody else tell where these men xre to be obtained. Kxhortatlon will not create them. No amount of argu ment will convince a man that he is toetter off working twelve hours a day for one dollar than he is working right " hours for four. No doubt the kood problem admits of solution In ! Bt RIKM THK rEOPLK. No doubt the people are. or would be. well qualified to vote on thirty-two initiative and referendum measures If they were fully studied and under stood. Yet they are never thoroughly scrutinized by all the people nor wilt they ever be under the present system. No question as to whether the people are Intelligent enough to pass on these many measures Is Involved. The average citizen does not and will not Inquire carefully and fully as to all Initiative measures, nor Is It reasonable to expect that he should. Certainly he Is competent to say what he wants. Just as competent as the average legislator. For the legisla ture is made up wholly of average citizens. But it is the business of a Icglsla ture to legislate. Legislation means consideration, revision, compromise, adjustment, amendment and orderly arrangement. The Initiative as we know It is the negation and repudiation of all these. A legislature Is not per fect, but. being made of human beings. Is far from perfect. Tet how Is a legislature of 150.000. passing on all subjects, an Improvement on a legis lature of 90 ? Why cannot the initiative be oon frned to elemental questions upon which the people desire to pass and upon which, then, they ought to pass? a railroad, hut all of the money that has been spent In building good roads will bring better returns than ever be fore, for these highways will admit of more rapid development than would be possible with bad roads. Coos County, like Tillamook, will shortly enjoy railroad transportation, for a county of such wonderful wealth and resources as to warrant the ex penditure of 1200.000 in a single year on wagon roads cannot much longer be neglected. Meanwhile there are a number of other counties In the state already enjoying rail transportation, which might to advantage emulate the example of the enterprising coast counties by proceeding to build a sys tem of good wagon roads. . KORK1GX TRADE CAINS. The Bureau of Statistics of the De partment of Commerce and Labor has Just completed a summary of the fore eign trade for the first seven months of 1910. These figures which show a considerable gain In imports over the figures for the same period last year, offer some strange contradictions to the pet theories of our political econo mists who have pleaded eloquently for "the old flag and an appropriation," for a ship subsidy on the ground that we were losing trade by not having an American merchant marine. With an enormous amount of tonnage In the trans-Atlantic service always available for freight at ballast, rates, the foreign trade with Europe bas always been skillfully avoided In these arguments for a subsidy. The particularly "hor rible examples" of what we have been losing are South America and the Orient. The Hon. John Barrett has bewailed our lost opportunities for trade with South America, and like his fellow sub sidy seekers has always placed the blame on those who oppose a ship subsidy. Congressman Humphrey has felt equally sorrowful over the trade we were losing with the Orient be cause we would not subsidize ships to carry It. Now come the official figures which Inform us that In i the seven months ending wkh July 31st the purchases of Europe, with unlimit ed transportation at the lowest rate prevailing anywhere In the known world, were more than 4 0.000.000 less than for the same period last year. South America on the other hand, in spite of that alleged handicap of trans portation which ship subsidy seekers tell us we labor under. In the first seven months this year bought more than 111.000.000 worth more goods from us than aha bought In the same period last year. The Orient by reason of a distressed financial condition did not ahow as good a gain as was shown In our trade with South America, but our "Insur mountable" handicap of shipping was not ao distressing as to prevent a gain of more than 12.000.000 in the value of the goods taken by the Orientals. Africa was another of the neglected countries with which, theoretically, we were unable to do any business of con, sequence for lack of a ship subsidy, but Africa. like the Orient and South America, showed a substantial gain the increase over the first seven months of 1909 being more than 12.500.000 Summarised, this very interesting re port on foreign trade shows that where our transportation facilities were the best, we lost heavily In sales, and where they were said to be the worst, we scored substantial gains. Thus again facts and figures scored heavily; against fiction and theory. WHAT IH A PRIMARY FOB? Five thousand Democrats have regis tered as Republicans that they may take part In the Republican primary In Multnomah County September 24 Is it .worth while to try to exclude them? It cannot be done, of course while for purpose of controlling Re, publican nominations and entangling the Issues they are willing to perjure themselves by making oath of their false allegiance to an opposing party The Democratic invasion of Repuo llcan primaries Is not common to Port land or to Oregon. It has been ob served elsewhere. In Washington It has been universally practiced. In the present campaign Democrats have been publicly Invited to vote in the Repub lican primary so as to bring about the nomination of Polndexter for Senator, Yet If the primary may not be ex cluaively a party affair, why are there separate primaries, or any primaries? No primary Is a Republican primary at which Democrats. Populists, Social Ists and members of any opposing pri mary may freely vote; nor is it a Dem ocratic primary If any but Democrats may participate. The present prac tice of miscellaneous voting is de fended on the ground that party lines are breaking down and disappearing and there Is no real distinction between a Democrat and a Republican. If not, then why a party primary? Why the formality of any kind of preliminary nominations. masquerading under party names? Let LAWYERS AND JlTXi. us try to get our bearings on t.OOD ROAS8 rSCWLKASlHO. Somebody said that "necessity Is the mother of Invention." It might truth fully be added that It has brought Into existence a great many conveniences hat do not come exactly under the head of Invention. Among these might be mentioned the good roads in -localities which would be Inaccessible with out them. We observe for instance that Coos County has expended 1200, 000 on roads within the past year. Considering the size and population of that remote county, the aum spent for roads Is remarkably heavy, and Is a fine tribute to the enterprise of the people. Had Coos County been favor ed with railroads or other means which would permit the inhabitants to move around and handle their prod ucts. It Is not Improbable that the necessity for wagon road Improvement would have been less pronounced. This thought Is suggested by conditions in Washington County which enjoys a frequent and ample service by rail and trolley, and has accordingly deemed It unnecessary to engage very extensively In road Improvements. Over in Tillamook county, which for years has been shut in from the outside world, the citizens nullified some of the bad effects resulting from no railroad transportation by building a remarkably fine system of wagon- roads. These roads are so much super ior to those of the counties lying near er to Portland, and In which the op portunltlva for building are much bet ter, that every outsider who uses these Tillamook roads is amazed at their excellence. Lincoln County has been for a number of years favored with ran transportation, ana wnile.lt was in a degree inefficient, and only reached a small portion of the county. it seems to have checked any possible desire for such comprehensive and complete road building aa has been going on in Tillamook and Coos Coun ties. While Tillamook County began her road building before the automo bile had commenced to figure as a prominent factor In the transportation problem, the appearance of the ma chines has materially promoted the cause of good roads. The automobile owners in their ex ploring tours have penetrated strange places and they have discovered ad vantages and opportunities-of which the outside world Is Ignorant. But few of us. In fact, were aware of the ex cellence of Tillamook County's roads until a few venturesome automobile drivers had fought their way over the terrible Intervening roads and landed In the rich land lying along the coast. Tillamook win now be opened up by the attitude of the lawyers, or some of them. In this campaign. We find that the lawyers, or some of them, who are damning the assembly for the Re publican party are praising anil de fending the assembly for the lawyers. Not all. to be sure, for the results of the lawyers' assembly have not wholly pleased even those lawyers who believe In assembly some of the time for the lawyers, but none of the time for the Republican party. But are the lawyers better Judges of good Judges than the people? If the lawyers know better than the people what Is best for them (best for the peo ple, we mean, of course) why do these same lawyers tell the . hat In every other matter where the lawyers are not directly concerned the peo ple are the perfect and infallible Judges of what they want? Cannot the people be trusted to select the Judges? Don't they know a good Judge whep they see him, or do the lawyers only know? And If the law yers only know a good Judge, and to the lawyers only should be left the duty of picking out Judges, why do these same lawyers deny to the peo ples' representatives In a party assem bly the right to suggest or recommend to the people the candidates of the party? Why do the lawyers say that one assembly is a good thing and the other a bad thing? Is the suspicion Justified that the one Is a good thing for the lawyers and the other a bad thing for the lawyers? Perish the thought. We really think better of the lawyers. Certainly they ought to be able to give disinterested advice when it is gratuitous. The lawyers, of course, in discharge of their self-imposed duty of relieving the people of naming the Judges, by kindly, telling the people what to do. designate as Judges the best material among the lawyers. Naturally. The, best equipped lawyers will undoubted ly make the finest Judges. The Judges nominated by the lawyers represent therefore the highest type of character. Intellect and legal ability, for they are chosen from the top or tne heap of lawyers. If the lawyers know who will make the best Judges, the Judges, being the best of il-e law yers, have even better Judgment on that subject than their fellow-lawyers In the ranks. If It Is a good thing, then, for the lawyers to name the Judges, why is it not a vastly better and wiser thing for the Judges to name their own suc cessors? we pause to hesitate, as Togo would say. Take the case of Judge George H. Burnett, of Salem, nominated for the Supreme Bench, after 18 years accepta ble service as circuit Judge. The law yers In their assembly passed him over. Why? No Judge in Oregon has a finer record. No one has more com pletely the respect and confidence of the people. The public knows him for an energetic, capable, and Impar tial Judge. His opponents are hard put to find something to say against him. They dare not say the things that have turned the lawyers, or some of them, against him, and that is that he Is not a lawyers Judge. Tet that Is the real argument for the so-called non-partisan Judges. The lawyers selected them because they suited the lawyers. They did not select Burnett because he does not always please the lawyers, or try to please them. Yet the people know Burnett and trust him. They will elect him. as they should. Is he not the type of Judge the lawyers should have recommended. If their pretense that they know bet ter than any others what is good for the people has the slightest merit? Asia one fleet was In the best possible condition while the other was Just able to keep afloat. Such an action tells little about the actual fighting quali ties of the first-class modern warship. Now, before the Dreadnought has had a chance to show whether It Is valuable or not the news comes from Germany that It has been superseded. or soon will be. by a much smaller vessel similar In design to Erlcson's Monitor. Perhaps In the end It will turn out that the inventive genius who saved the Union navies by his skill butlded better than those who fancy they have Improved upon his design. The "Yankee cheesebox on a raft" was not very Imposing to the eight, but it was efficient In action. Speculative writers on naval affalra predict the I advent of a small vessel armed with a single gun of large caliber. A fleet of these could surround a Dread nought, It Is said, and quickly put It out of commission without much risk to themselves. The monster would be so perplexed by Its numerous assail ants that It could not harm any of them a great deal. Whatever the war ship of the future may look like, all taxpayers will rejoice to see something cheaper than the Dreadnought Invented. The Slleti Indian reservation is again' the scene .of a shooting scrape In which a drunken Indian, either by accident or purpose, fatally wounded an apparently innocent tribesman. There Is something radically wrong either with the Government policy re garding the SUetz Indians, or with the cle. RICH- FHCITS OF EDVCATIO.V Brilliant Answers of High School Pu pils la Regeata Examination. New York Sun. Following are some of the answers made by the pupils of a high school in this part of New York State to ques tions put to them in the Regents' ex amination: "Political rights are certain rights granted only certain sexes." "A duty of the Commissioner of Ag riculture is to conduct a constitution for the betterment of agriculture." "A quorum Is a place in a large city where fish and other large wild animals are kept." "The Rough Riders were sporty men riding on horseback." "Water flowing from a rock down to the ground Is called a watershed." "An elevated piece of land which has sloping sides upon which the water runs is called a watershed " "The relief of a country Is where another country takes it away from the country to which it belonged." "The relief of country means that when the Winter has passed and warm er weather has come." "The patroon system was that any one that came over here could have 1 miles of water or 24 miles of land." "The patroon system was where one could have If 00 miles on one side of river or 800 miles on both." "According to the patroon system man could have 24 acres of land along the river 12 miles." "A monsoon is a large traveling area of wind." "Lava Is a mass of heated soot." "A liter is paper or dirt scattered about. "Halos are caused by mixing ligh with compressed air and dust parti Raising of More Livestock in Relation to Food Supply Address by President James J. Hill, Prepared for Portland Fair and Livestock Expositions More Montha Than We (to Feed at Prenrnti Recommenda tions; Livestock Should Be Inseparable Adjunct of Agriculture. local authorities In the vicinity of the reservation. The trouble of course be gins with whisky, and It would seem that a little more vigilance on the part of the Lincoln' County authorities might shut off the supply of this death, producing liquor. But even If an In dian succeeds in getting his glowing hide filled with poor whisky, he should not be permttted to wander at will with loaded firearms In his pos session. The Slletz Indians when sober are a very peaceful and mild manner ed tribe, but some of them have Im bibed ao many of the vices of their white neighbors that a single drink; of whisky Is enough to start trouble. There should be some means by which they could be prevented from getting liquor. "The voyage of Columbus resulted 1 the founding of the Orenoco River.' Lumbering Is extensively carried on In the United States, when they cut the trees they catch toe sap and make sugar of It." Japanese appears very dark com plected. They dress very peculiar with their hair down their back In a brade. Some of them dress very gay. They dress very differently from we do. ' J t you ever came In contack with some fierce Indians you must endure as much pain as possible. Dewey was commander of Asiatic China." It, was the aim of the Indians to get all the skulls they could and put mem in tnelr belts Incidents like the one which dis turbed Mr. Rockefeller's serenity last Sunday may be looked for with in creasing frequency as the airship grows popular. Young women more or less en deshabille will be dropping from the sky in all sorts of embarras sing situations. The most secluded garden will, not be safe since their intrusion will be from above. The only consolation lies In the hope that the more like angels they become In their method of travel the more angelic they will grow In appearance and char acter. The fourth annual fair of the Grange Pair Association will be held at Gres- ham from September 29 to October 2 inclusive. This fair is largely an ex hibit of the products of Eastern Mult nomah In horticulture, agriculture. floriculture, poultry and livestock. It is worked up with great diligence and the exhibits are a source of pride to the thrifty citizens of Multnomah County, including many of Portland. The coming exhibit promises to be the best of the seriea thus far and will doubtless be largely attended. Another Tennyson Is a Poet. London Dispatch. The name of Tennyson signed to poem in a current periodical has been rare since the passing of the poet laur eate. Hie son, the present Lord Ten nyson, is a poet, even if only a minor one. Lord Tennyson has served hi country as Governor of South Australia He contributes to United Empire, th Journal of the Royal Colonial Institute, the following poem, entitled, "First 8ight of Australia, 1899:" It seems but yesterday I saw at dawn The faint line of the soft Australian shores Aa faat we aped, borne o'er the whiiperlns HUB, Within the Gulf; And all the sea waa barr'd with purple and And dazzling sunlight, auch as Southern cllmea Know onlv: while afar in dUtanre ahnna Thro' tremulous hue the scanty scatterM I arm e - Home In the quiet hollow of the hil A land, they laid, of aolden air. where scents Of sweetest flowers float, and where the rrapea In honeyed cluatera (imftn a Vnrad Of glowing hue and tranquil lovelinese. grim, heads of St. Vincent' If the tariff increases the cost of food in this country at all It can only be Indirectly, since we still export grain and meat. Germany, however, la an mporter of beef and other flesh foods. so that her tariff acts directly upon he prices, and a vigorous demand for its removal has grown up. Living is difficult these days the wide world over. Everything which appears to contribute to that effect must prepare to fight for Its life. Nothing Is sacred when hunger drives. A NEW TYPB OF WARRHTP. The colossal Dreadnoughts have held their own as the standard warships about as long as was expected. No body supposed that they would be the permanent type of armed vessels. Their expense and their unwieldiness were against them from the outset. Critics foretold that tn action the Dreadnought would be at a great dis advantage compared with more active lighter vessels. It was recalled that the huge ships of the Spanish Armada were no match for the smaller English craft which sailed round them with the greatest ease and took up advan tageous positions at pleasure. The case might be similar with the mam moth armored battleships of modern times if they ever came Into conflict with swift vessels of greater speed and handler management. A fairly matched battle between two modern fleets has never yet taken place. In the fight between the Japa nese and Russians off tne Coast, of It must be disappointing to kill a man for his money, as the gang did who murdered the paymaster at Hud son, N. Y., and then find that he hasn't any. To take so much trouble without recompense discourages In itiative. Some penalty should be im posed upon individuals who nefariously leave 'their money locked up after leading Industrious highwaymen to be lieve they would nave it on tneir Dod- ies. wall Street Thrills French Investor New York World. According to Senator Depew. French Investors have become keenly interest ed In the superior opportunities for speculation afforded by the New York Stock exchange as compared with the limited gambling facilities' of the Paris Bourse. Having seen paper values wiped out In the panic of 1907 only to be recovered the next year, they have profited from the education received. Says Mr. Depew: The Frenchman speculating on the Bourse and making or losing from 1 to 3 per cent found that in the boom of 1908 he could Jump into Wall street and make from 20 to 80 per cent. He has also discovered that he could lose at the same or greater rate," It has dawned on the French that New York possesses the world's great Dusiness Monte carlo, at which aecuri ties may be gambled In to any amount and profits or losses taken almost as quickly as at roulette. They still have something to learn before their edu cation Is complete, but that may be left to wall street. Some men have little Judgment. For example, the Chicago man who locked his wife in the bathroom for twenty four hours because she gazed through the window at other men a non-sympathetic Judge fined him $100. "Thumping" her would have cost less, but he may have been too much of a gentleman to do that. Chinese Theater Now a Church. New York Despatch. After a quarter or a century as a playhouse, the Chinese Theater in the heart of New York's Chinatown has become a place .of religious worship, passing Into the hands of the Rescue eociety. ine society tor years' had a chapel nearby. It recently burned out. About the same time the theater lease expired and the Rescue Society opened negotiations with the owner to take over the property. So one day not long ago, the Chinese theatrical manager awoke to discover after September 1 tne Rescue society had the lease. The theater has been remodeled as to seats, but the decorations are the same. State and county central commit tees are required to make affidavits as to all campaign expenditures; but your secret slatemaker never has any campaign expenses that the public will know anything about. Candidates may not make promises of deputyshtps In aid of a campaign. Nothing is said in the law against present officials employing their dep uties wherever they may do the most good. Jewels Worth S50,00O,0O0 at Dances. Newport, R. I., Cor. Jewels that represented an estimated outlay of 850,000.000 were worn at Mrs. Edward J. Berwlnd's dance. Most notable of all tr's great dis play of glittering gems was the new string of pearls worn by Mrs. Joseph Wldener. It was the first time Mrs. Widener had worn the pearls, which I were a birthday glfe from her hus band. The cost was 8200.000. The gems sre perfectly matched and a e declared to be the most beautiful ever seen in Newport. James J. Hill is consistent in advoa catinjt return to the soil, for his roads have opened many avenues in that line, but most people will put off the return until dead. Colonel Hofer is running for Gover nor on his record aa a rainmaker and his pull with divine Providence. A good rainmaker ought to let well enough alone. It was naturally to be expected that Mr. Roosevelt would Indorse labor on Labor day. He would believe In im mersion during a cloudburst. Sunburned Face a Healthy Sign London Lancet. The sunburned face, the Lancet be lieves, is of value because it Implies that the Individual has been exposed to a fresh, healthy and open environment. "The active light rays of the sun," says this English medical authority, "un doubtedly give a healthy stimulus to the respiratory process, since under their in fluence It has been proved that the quantity of oxygen absorbed is greater, while an Increasing output of carbonic acid follows." Yesterday was a great day for labor. and If a few sidestepped the straight and narrow path it should be charged to general enthusiasm. A crazy Klamath man believes he is God, but he is little worse than some sane men who think they are greater. ''Will Reeetve Sober Notice." Springfield Republican. The obvious ambition of Mr. Roose velt to regain dictatorial power in the Nation will receive sober notice from the American people before It has been gratified, but meantime the character of this people will prove to be much different from what we can suppose tt to be If this brutal treachery to ward President Taft does not stir up a widespread feeling of angry resentment. THE raising of livestock has a twofold relation to the food supply of any country. Directly, it furnishes the meat diet; and indirectly, as the most valuable of all aids to the cultivation oi mo and the growing of crops, it helps to furnish the bread diet. The Interests which you represent may, therefore, be said to act doubly upon the agriculture of the country and contribute twice to its welfare. ch..,, imuuiIh lea.rn moatlv by the pres sure of some need, the sharp rise in price of all kinds of meats has turned atten tion to the state of the HveBtock Inter est. Retail prices, in some cases double what they were a few years ago. stimu late Inquiry- Investigation shows that livestock production has not kept pace with thA riomanfi UDOtl It. The receipts of all kinds of livestock at th rhirajro stock yards 101 toe lofio i yj 7 less than In 1908, al- .i k v, valuation Increased ovei J9 0U0.000. The receipts of hogs at 13 principal market, in the United States were 6,586,312 less in 1909 than in 1908. The total number of cattle in tne count r v,o ,wiinri s.oon.OflO in the last three years, and of hogs 7,000,000. e Necessarily prices have gone up. The vir'nct tnhle of the rich and the din ner pall of the poor are both affected. As ab one would expect irom ...su..-. ..th. hef cattle and Western range -n. .nM tnr th hizhest prices on rec ord In the Chicago market in 1900. Hogs brought the highest figure received for 27 years. Increase oi pupumi-w... changes .in agriculture, drift of popula tion cityward, all nave neipeu. i strict production and to add to Pfc Kven where numbers are not reduced as in the case of horses, which are more numerous than ever in this coun try the proper proportion has not been maintained. For in spite of the lessen ing demand for the horse, due to the n tha Automobile, and al though the total number has increased by a million and a quarter in the last three years, trie average pun United States last year waa also kirhAat ovor recorded. These are a few of the facts bearing on the direct relation of the livestock interest to population, prices and the o-enoral welfare. As our population in creases by anywhere from 1,500,000 to 2,500,000 per annum, and practically every person is a meat-eater, it follows that nrhan tha number of the principal food animals either remains stationary or begins to decline, the cost of living rlaoa nnri the Dlnch begins. noi even thA extraordinary Drices paid for live stock have thus far been able to ralwe production to the level oi tne aernanu. The Indirect relation is of still more consequence to the country. Before miirn,l transportation was generally at the service of the people, raising livestock was the only means of getting crop to market. The haul irom tne frontier farm to the nearest point oi shipment and the freight rate would amount to more than the grain would bring. Crops had to grow feet and walk. Now the railroad everywhere, with its reduced rates, has made prac ticable the carriage to market of all the the riculture has been specialized. It re- ' qu'res better cultivation, smaller farms, study of soils and their adaptation to different forms of plant life, rotation of I crops, seloction of seed as careful as that which the breeder gives to the parentage of animals, and proper fer tilization. By these methods from 26 to 40 bushels of wheat per acre and a corresponding yield of other crops are now being obtained not only at experi ment stations but on many scattered larms in this country whose cultivators have adopted the new methods. If all our farmers could be educated to the same point. 25 bushels of wheat would be only a fair crop: but this, on our present acreage, would give us a sur plus of 400,000,000 bushels for export. Plenty at home and a balance to draw on abroad would transform our outlook. at present far from reassuring. The game is in our own hands. e e e This change could scarcely be wrought without the assistance of the Industry which you more particularly represent. The farmer and his land cannot prosper until stock raising is an inseparable adjunct of agriculture. The natural Increase of animals, the dairy products, the meat market products, create the wealth of such countries as Holland, and may and should be valu- revenue producers on every farm in the United States. Hogs can be raised at small" cost of food or labor, and bring a sure income. Still more im portant Is the fact that of all forage fed to livestock at least one-third in cash value remains on the land in the form of manure that will aid in restor ing exhausted land to fertility and maintaining good land at its highest productive point. It would be easy to cite hundreds of Instances where the careful saving of every ounce of ma nure, in either the solid or the liquid form, and Its application to the culti vated area have made and kept the farm a source of wealth. Here as always It appears that na ture's ends are nicely adjusted to one another. We begin by discovering that the breeding and keeping of livestock in this country arc not keeping pace with tls needs. We find, of course, that the first consequence Is a rise of prices, bringing hardship to our people and a falling off in exports that will compel us to find some other means of paying the big balance left hy our con stantly Increasing Imports. We look at the grain trade and our cereal produc tion and perceive a corresponding un fortunate change. And finally it Is ap parent, from the experience of all agri culture, 'that one 111 Is partly a conse quence of the other. The cattle and hogs and sheep that are needed for home use and for export, to feed the world and reduce the prices that impair our standard of living, are needed equally to diversify our farm industry and maintain the fertility of the soil. Nature makes no mistakes: and to fol low her leading Is to walk toward pros perity and peace. The industry which is your special province is an essential factor In the conservation movement so much In the public mind. It must always help to soil products: while it has broken up make and preBerve the wealth of na and is putting under cultivation the great ranges of the West and South west where grazing was once the only lndustrv. The present Is. therefore, in several respects a transportation pe riod; and it is the business of such organizations as this to forecast future conditions and endeavor to meet them. e e The neoole of the United States must neither be forced, like the peasantry of Europe, to deny themselves meat ex cept as a luxury, nor oDiigea to wok, like Great Britain, outside their own borders for a supply. On the contrary. It is desirable that we should not oniy feed our own people but maintain those declining exports of food animals and other food products by which we have to so considerable an extent paid our debts in the past. The figures of our foreign trade emphasize the lesson of domestic production and price reports. In the last five years our exports or meat and dairy proaucis ten irom 000.000 to about 1130.000,000: and of cattle, sheep and hogs from $43,500,000 to about $13,000,000. This illustrates the swift decline in all our exports of food products: a trade change so sud den and so tremendous that the coun try may well take alarm. Unless we change our Industry we must soon cease to be self-supporting as far as food Is concerned. This sounds absurd in view of our immense expanse of fertile land, our relatively scanty population and the part we have played in feeding the world In the past. But the figures prove it. Our foreign trade In cereals tells the same story as that in meat products. Between the five years ending with 1904 and the five ending with 1909, the decrease of our wheat exports was over 40 per cent. In round numbers, our exports of food stuffs in crude condition and food anl mals were $108,000,000 for the 11 months ending May 31 this year, $132, 000,000 for the same period in 1909, and 181.000,000 in 1908. Our exports of foodstuffs partly or wholly manufac tured for the same three 11-month periods were $240,000,000. $281,000,000 and $310,000,000. The wheat exports were 46,000,000 bushels. 66,000,000 bush- Is and 95.500.000 bushels: the flour ex ports, 8,500,000 barrels. 10,000,000 bar rels and 13,000,000 barrels. The force of these figures cannot be evaded or misunderstood. tions. Foolish people and false econo mists, led astray by the glitter of the city and the magnitude of the manu facturing Industry, have sought to give that first place. It Is only subsidiary. Always the soil on which he stands, the living things that grow on It by his side, the wealth that he may win di rectly from It by his labor, will be man's sure reliance and the heritage of himself and his children. Neglecting that, race yields to race until one comes wise enough not to wander from the giver of all Its plenty. Its defense against all Ills. Upon our understand ing of this greatest and most funda mental of all the natural laws to which we are subject, upon our obedience to it and the fashioning of National industry and National policies and National thought upon it rest not only the com monplace fact of National prosperity but all larger hope of intellectual. moral and spiritual progress .still to come. so far Every day is Peach day In the local markets Just now. Front street is swamped and prices should rule low. Candidates at all superstitious can not fall to find a "sign" in the meteor that flashed and disappeared Sunday. Colonel Hofer. rainmaker extraor dinary. Is implored to backpedal this week during the livestock fair. Mr. Rockefeller must' screen his grounds to keep out aagels in red tights. Pnld $340 for a Penny of 1783. New York Despatch. Henry Chapman, a numismatist, paid $340 for a 1-cent piece at an auction. The price, according to dealers, is the largest ever paid for a penny. Two hundred and seventy-five dollars' is the biggest previous price which could be remembered. The coin was struck In the year 1793. It is of the "liberty cap variety. Saane Firm Same Old Stand. Baltimore Sun. "Me und Gott" are doing business at the same old stand la Germany. Food consumption in the United States is Increasing more rapidly than food production. That is the explana tion of the falling off In exports of all forms of food products. It has been written In our statistics for many years, if any cared to look for it. If we take two five-year periods and compare their averages It will exclude the possible unfairness of matching sin gle good years against bad. When the five-year period 1879-1883 Is compared with the five-year period 1904-1908, 25 years later, the change Is Impressive. In that quarter century'our population increased 64.5 per cent, our wheat pro duction 45 per cent and our domestic consumption of wheat and flour 82.7 per cent. Not only had population grown, but the consumption per capita had risen from 6.7 to 6.4 bushels. The ercentage of our total domestic prod ct of wheat and wheat flour exported was 34.90 for the first and 17.3.1 for the the second five-year period; a decrease of more than one-half. A nation that means to preserve Its prosperity and control its own destiny must make sure that its food supply Is adequate and will continue to be so. To reverse our movement toward indus trial dependence, food scarcity and per manent high prices, which has already gone for. Is the Item of the conserva tion programme more important to us than all the others combined. This means conservation of the soil. It re quires no expensive machinery, no sub ordination of local to Federal interests, nothing but industry, intelligence and willingness to follow the teachings of experience. To insist upon it Is espe cially the duty of all who. like those gathered here, have Interests Insepar ably connected with the preservation and Increase of soil productivity. Ed. Howe's Philosophy. Atchison Globe. Militiamen don't rear back when they stand still as regulars. Three-fourths of what a woman does her husband calls putterings. Did you ever notice that the woman on a silver coin wears a pompadour and a turban? If you want to make a fool of your self, opportunity knocks more than once. When a man remains a bachelor his mother is very proud of him. "He Is too Bmart," she will say, " to be caught by any " woman." But when her daughter remains a spin, why. that's different. Many a well-behaved husband thinks that If his wife should go away to spend the Summer, the other women would pay him a lot of attention. And many a man who has sent his wife away for the Summer has been rudely shocked by receiving no attention at all. Let a man get the idea in his silly noodle that he is very popular, and that the people are crazy to elect him to a lucrative office, and everybody will eulogize him. although the people may know he hasn t the slightest chance of success. Why do people do this? It's plain love of mischief. People show the same love of mischief in a hundred different ways. In "Highways of Progress" I have demonstrated that this country m'ght easily double its wheat yield per acre and make a similar gain in the quanti ty of everything produced from the land. To do that would be only what Great Britain and Germany are doing: far less than Holland and Denmark and those other countries where modern ag- Fiiture Tomb of Ex-Empress Eugenie. London Cor. New York Times. When in the fullness of time the Em press Eugenie co-ies to die she will be interred in a tomb which is unique In England, If not in the world. There has Just been made a remark able addition to the mausoleum In the Benedictine Abbey Church at Farn borough, which was built by the Em press Eugenie at a total cost of over $500,000. On either side of the high altar are granite sarcophagi containing the re mains of Napoleon III and the Prince Imperial. Behind fe altar is a small door leading into the monastery, and over this an arcosoliura has now been built into the wall. It Is designed by French architects, and is of stone throughout. This new work forms the framework of a tomb, the third which the church Is destined to rece've, and in which the Empress is to be Interred. Explaining Hla Position. Kansas City Journal. One Kansas editor, who was a candi date in the recent primary, was asked the other day what position he took editorially in the Republican fight. "Gentlemen." he said reflectively, "I put down four uprisings In the Balk ans banished the Sultan to permanent oblivion, settled the Spanish row, de clared friendship between England and Germany, and freed a lot of Rus sian serfs. Thank you." Wireless Detects Thunder Storms. London Telegraph. The wireless telegraph is used in Spain to detect the approach of thun der stormsv Disposal of Idle Rich. New York Press. The areoplane bids fair to solve the problem of what to do with our idle