TIIE MORNING OKEGONIAN. TUESDAY, AUGUST 9, 1910.
Ii fte (Drernnnan
I ,' PORTLAND, OBEflOX.
I ' " '
r4 at Portland. Ortm. PoetolIVe
Baccnd-Class Matter.
tmbwrrlptloa Bata. InrarUblr m
(BT MAIL).
DaJlr. Eundav Included. TMr.
I.ailT. Sundar Include, aui "0,"fi" i zl
rllr. Sunday Included. thraa anaalhS.. a ;
Xaily. Sunday Included, aaa moaUt..,.
.0A
,. , . c. ! month.
2
' Ilirl lthaul Sunday, thraa month.
rair. without Sunday.
60
wkly. oa jra
l.M)
Ml
Pundar. no yr
t .. A r.bW. HI vaST. "
iBr Carrier).
- Ialty. aonday Included, on yaar.
s..nKw tni-ludad- on montn
.T5
H.w to Rtlt Sand F"?'",, aa
order, nrrw ordor or e Z
ur local bank. Stajnpa. cl r. ar
ar at tha ..adof a tit, fir. Jj?
addru In full. Includlns county and
.to in pa eaata. Foraifa oo
doubl rat.
!, Sp.i.l A.ncy K. Tora.rooma
rt Tnbun buildma. t-blcajo. room iv
lt Trtfcun uildln.
I-ORTLASD,
I
TVE8DAT. ACOt ST . !"
I THBOCUH A CLASS DAJUiiY- . .
! In the midst of Uf ,n detb-
Just as much today as "hen the
Psalmist wrot his Imperishable songs.
Science may prolong life. It may
i remove many of the causes of un
5 timely death. It may search out the
cause of disease and inltigat the
J stress of misery. But when all la done
: the dire truth remains that all who
. ... Kan. must die. Make the best
J , can of It. man born of woman
Is
0f few days. Tn prosra
1 ' . rnrler hla life
the
less
VIII1 1. 1 ... " - .
: troublous than It was In the time or
Job and yet sorrow must r n -i
forever and what Joy he experiences
1 must be the exception. Try as we
may to obscure the truth to our
selves, this world is literally a va e
r ,.,. The road from the cradle
- to the grave runs all too briefly over
stony deserts with oniy
there an oasis where there are springs
,t itr with flowers and
nalrns. "Like leaves on trees the life
1 i. rniinri as it "was wnen
Homer sang his ballads to the Greek
" warriors, "now green In youth, now
withering on the ground. So genera
i tlons In their course decay. So flour
l i.h theae. when those have passed
aviv"
The marvel of death la its peren
Dial unexpectedness. Nature has made
i. Imnnxslhle for us to im-
..i. that a. man of power and domi
- n.nt character should expire. We
see him walking down the street to
his dally vocation, learn the linea
ments of his face, remember the
f, tones of his -voice, and habit forces
' us to look upon him as we do the
- contour of the mountains and the
- iif the stars. As he is now so
- - shall he be forever. Then on a night
comes the news that he to dead. The
v musio of the tongue has stilled for
eternity. The step has gone forever
r'from the street and the light of-the
eye Is darkened. Old age and the
fullness of a noble career ought to
: prepare us In some measure to expect
the final stroke, but tney never uu.
It falls from heaven suddenly and
tima a. -reat man dies we are
as much astonished as If nobody had
ever before left the earth to take up
his abode in the-unknown. In one
sense ef the phrase it to Impossible
.-- t t ready for death. The
ah ix-It of departure remains undlmin
tohed whatever we may do, and for
i m inm time after one has gone who
"' filled a wide place in the affairs of
men they are troubled to adapt them-
' mIvm to his loss.
v In our secret hearts we do not be
lieve In death. Providence has merci
fully taught us to think of the world
as a permanency, and Jt to only with
effort that the mind oan be held to
onntemnlate the end of all things
The Egyptian monarch who believed
it his duty to keep his thoughts fixed
on death even In his hours of feast
ing could not do it without a grinning
skeleton at the table's end. Cyrus the
Great directed his wandering atten
tlon to eternal things by ordering a
slave to cry out "Cyrus the Great
Kina- must die.
T" Perhaps It Is better not to dwell
" too much upon death and what shall
"follow. No doubt It Is a kindly or
dering of Providence which impels us
to think of life and not of the grave.
SMIL as our years advance toward the
sear and yellow leaf and the affairs
of earth begin to lose their Spring
time Interest. It to Inevitable that
questionings of the future should
force themselves upon us. What hap
pens to the soul in Its lonesome jour
. nevina- beyond trie bourne of time and
,: space? Tennyson makes Mary ask of
c Lazarus, "Where wert thou, brother,
' those four days?" when his body was
lying In the sepulchre before the voice
of the weeping Savior recalled nun
;to his home? Why did Jesus weep
when they told him Lazarus was
dead? Of the Centurion's daughter
' he said. "Puella Don est mortus, sed
dormit." the girl sleeps, she to not
; dead, but no such testimony did he
give of the Immortality of Mary'a
' brother. "There lives no record of re
ply" to her question, and none of the
J travelers returned from that bourne
whence so few come back to earth
." has ever had a syllable to say about
' w hat he saw there and what hap
pened to htm. Not the son of the
Shunamite. not Lazarus, not even
Jesus himself has spoken one word
- to Illuminate the darkness of that
world whither we are all Journeying.
As Dante said of the souls newly
I com to Purgatory. "They know not
- the end of their journey, but they are
on their way," so may we all say of
ourselves as we travel Into the dark
ness beyond the tomb. Or is It light
and not darkness?
Gray's Elegy to the only fine poem
on death which shuns the question of
"how It fares with the happy dead.
- Tennyson soared higher in trying to
4 answer It than he ever did again
. ghelley wrote some of his noblest
. verses with his eye on the mystery of
the hereafter. The loveliest of elegies
&ys that as rare leave the warm pr
" cmcts of the cheerful day we cast our
longing, lingering looks back on the
' betas- we are about te resign. Not
. so. It la forward tbst the dy
' look. Earth loses its charms In th
- presence of death and the world to
. come claims the wondering attention
of the mind. Perhaps it Is the blank
- materialism of Gray's Elegy that
keeps It from taking place with th
rreatest poems on death. In all the
. enchanting notes of that song there
T Is none borrowed from the choirln
cherubim.
Instinctively we all treat death as
if it could never happen and no great
1 - man has ever bowed to it. They
have all contemned the things of this
-world as Insignificant and looked
yaad them- to that which fadetii not
away. The gTeater -
more triumphant nis "
mortality. The more of d'vi"a
there is in a man. be it the divinity
of steadfast courage or of devotion
to a great cause or or love to nu
tha less the Fury with her abhorred
shears can frighten him. When duty
ciii'.s we all cast our uvea ..
things -of little value. Is It not be
cause we cling in our deepest hearts
to the steadfast promise of. an eternal
Inheritance?
STEEL TBCST KARXlTiGS.
t Hirnria.l comment on the quar
terly report of the steel trust a few
days ago. The Oregonian Inadvertent
ly referred to the net earnings of the
.ai-.i- I-hn fio-ureS
trust a- - , .
which were taken from the official
report of the trust showed that the
net earnings of the trust, since IU
rganization in 10S naa wcwi
1 000.000. 000. and that after the
payment of elaborate dividends on a
coloaBal capitalization, there was still
sequestered in the reserve fund a to
tal of more than 1U4.000.000? A
captious correspondent in a communi
cation to The Oregonian, overlooking
th essential fact that, the trust had
actually squeezed out of the. Industry
In a little over eight years more
1.000.000.000 In net pronu,
th.
dividend" f.gure. tor in. -
i-.r and carefully omits any ref
erence to the unreasonable net profits
which hav reached such fabulous
figures. '
It la a matter or smau cuiiwuuruv.
to the public that pays the mus
whether this extortion which to per
mitted by our beneficial tariff system
.nnan aa "dividends." net earnings.
surplus, or Just plain graft. As this
orrespondent has caiiea int u""
nlan to account for mentioning u
earnings as dividends, presumably for
the purpose of minimizing the profits
of the trust, a summary or me oinii
report will explain the reason for The
Oregonlan's comment. The net earn
ings of the trust for tne quarter t
lng June SO were $40.170.9fi0, after
deducting expenses for renewals, re
pairs, maintenance of plants, interest
on mercnanaise ana iu.cu o-
subsidiary companies.
These enormous earnings were di
verted from the dividend account by
allowing $5,669,949 for depreciation
and the reserve fund. For interest
and sinking fund there was appro
priated 17.311.962. and for additions
to the property, construction, etc..
there was allowed n.ouu.uuu. iuw
the surplus reserve there was dumped
S6.410.093. bringing tnat item up i
the 14.297,151. These allotments
brought the dividend down to
65 700. but the men wno receiveu
the dividend have not lost their share
in that Immense surplus reserve nor
In the new construction work or nec
essary main repairs. Despite this
skillful shifting of accounts for the
aDDarent purpose of making net earn-
lnra of more tnan iu,uuu,u per
nnartpr seem reasonable, the last
Quarterly report of the steel trust will
hardly succeed in convincing me con
sumers that they are not paying inn
ate that Is unreasonable and exorbi
tant. BECOSSTBCCTISO PARLIAMENT.
As In chemistry, so In politics, when
lon-standlnc materials are cast Into
the melting pot strange comoinations
Issue. The unexpected happens.
For our neighbors across tne At
lantic, their ancient fariiament
carrying yet supreme power over the
destinies of the nation by virtue or ine
old formula of King. Lords and com
mons seemed to be, and was, an
immovable foundation for the nation's
life. The British constitution grew
from history and precedent. It was
the work of the many generations of
the past. Each century aaaea to n
in laws called for by the expansion oi
the empire and the changing condi
tions of modern a flairs. But tnrougn
all this flux and stress the representa
tives of the nation came each year
to Westminster to follow forms and
submit to bonds and restriction!
Irksome often In themselves, but
marklna- the many stages from the
Tkark Ares to this present year oi
mca.
The very essence or conservatism
Imbued the House of Lords. ine
House of Commons was recruited in
ever lanrer numbers from the pro.
zresslve Liberals and Labor members.
while Irish Nationalists held the bal
ance ef power. The possibility of
home rule for Ireland being peace
ably granted lay in common action
by the three forces. But tne Mouse
of Lords barred th way to the pas
sage of laws which had been sent up
to them by tne uouse oi woromous
from the majority votes of all three.
in this list were found the Lloyd-
George budget of taxation, the public
education laws, with other J-JDerai
measures.
The finances of the nation were
thrown into titter confusion when the
Lords rejected the Lloyd-George
hiiHimt of 1909 by ten to one. So the
two houses. .Lioras ana commons.
were face to face with "never, no
never will we give way" on the ton-
niM of their spokesmen.
This was la May. But oy ine eno
of July a mighty change was wrought.
The 1909 budget was passed again In
the Commons by the new Parliament,
When sent to fhe Lords that body,
like the young lady in the song, "say
ing she would ne'er oonient, con
sented." It was passed without note
or comment. But that had been said
and done not only In parliamentary
nartles. but in the nation outside
which could never be revoked. All
parties of progress were resolved that
never again should tne ixrs nave
or exercise the power to defeat the
will of the majority of the people.
through their representatives in the
House of Commons expressed, ana
confirmed after full debate. How to
crystallize this resolution into law,
duly passed, was the question.
Even the House of Lords admitted
that it must be reformed. An In
formal committee of eight, four from
the Lords, four from the Commons,
consisting of th leaders In both par
ties had held repeated private ses
sions, searching for means of com
promise. Party meetings, conferences,
the press at large, have done little
else for weeks past but try. and argue
out, all Imaginable suggestions. The
most likely one until a week or so ago
seemed to be based on a suggestion
from The Times, the great Conserva
tive organ, for a standing committee,
say of 100. half from each House, to
consider and settle ajl disputes on
legislation adopted by on House and
thrown out by the other.
Plainly this method might settle
difficulties above the present horizon.
But bigger questions were in the air.
Home rule for Ireland was one.
Woman suffrage throughout the
British empire another. Tariff reform
third. This last brought In Its I
. , .i . . i I
train the question of the right of the
great self-governing colonies, Canada.
Australia, New Zealand, South Africa,
to send their representative to take
their part In solving the problems.
many and Intricate, affecting tne em
pire on which the sun never sets.
The United States Tias no monopoly of
issues dealing with capital and labor
and the social questions varying in
each nation and territory. These Great
Britain must solve, too. Some bold
mind has suggested recasting the
structure of the Imperial Parliament
at Westminster from the ground up.
The Canadian papers believe that the
conference committee Is working on
these lines.
Th suggestion is that the imperial
Parliament divest Itself of Jurisdiction
over local questions -rising In. relat
ing to and capable of being settled
by each component part of the British
empire. So England either with or
separate from Scotland and Wales
would have her own legislature. Ire
land hers, while the great colonies
are . already provided for. Only im
perial questions, of peaue and war,
of national defense, army and riavy,
the relations of the British empire
to other nations and governments, the
position of each legislature toward Its
sisters, would be considered In this
committee of the empire.
to
consist of representatives from each
local legislature.
It may be Imagined that -even insn-
men might consider It an honor to
take their equal and unchallenged
seats In such an Imperial Parliament
of the future.
CEOXXXilCAL SURVEY OF OBECOS.
It to no doubt desirable that the
topographical map of the state be
carried through In conjunction with
the Federal Government as quickly as
can be reasonably asked. The Stat
Engineer's desire for larger appro
priations by the next Legislature than
th 12500 suDDlied by the recent Leg
islature Is deserving of support on tne
s-round that these working maps on
a lare scale are asked for whenever
capital to considering new enterprises
in. irrigation, drainage, or water-
rower.
What to as nreently needed by the
state is the rervice of a State Geol-
oeist. and that as early as practicable,
Oreeon Is remarkable ror tne dis
tribution of coal. Iron, on, gas, plan
um and other metals, and of many
of the newly discovered minerals.
But trained and expert examination
and testing would be needed in most
cases before capital could -be enlisted
in development. Such a suggestion is
not Intended as a means of dispensing
with the ultimate particular investi
gation. That will surely come in any
case, but the geological survey of the
state would lead the way and open
the door.
T.W PROBLEMS IX THE ILETZ.
What to called the Siletz country
is that part of the former Siletz res
ervation. In Lincoln county, western
Oregon, which, after providing amply
for Its declining Indian inhabitants,
was thrown open to settlement under
the homestead laws some ten years
ago. About twenty roues oy uu ij
area. It contains a dense Doay oi
magnificent timber. Being excepted
from the restrictions of the timber
and stone act, a general scramble for
the timbered lands followed at once.
Quarter sections, bearing from 7,000
000 to 20,000,000 feet of timber were
homesteads by men and
women who saw probabilities of mak
ing from $10,000 to 120,000 if they
could only prove up on their claims,
But to clear the land and make homes
in an agricultural sense was not found
Dosslble by these first settlers. Very
many of them did not try, but con
tented themselves by having a $40
cabin built for them of rough logs,
poles and shakes, which they occa
sionally visited.
These settlers came from far and
near, but very few were former rest
dents of the neighborhood. Claims so
hold were "lumped" by the score, ana
contests even three deep were piled
on them. This last process hassgone
on ever since and is still Working.
The Interior Department seemed at a
loss how to act in this muddle, so did
nothine. At last the original settlers
got busy and transferred their fight
to Washington. A Din was prepared
and Intrusted to Representative Haw-
ley at the last session. He gained
much favor by pressing it through
both Houses of Congress. But, alas,
it had to come to President Taft,- who
has an uncomfortable habit or want
iTr to know before he acts. The
President declined to sign the bill.
Ha referred it back to the Interior
runortii.ni with instructions to in
vestigate each case and decide It on
the merits. Formal orders recently
received at the Land Office here with
draw all such lands from settlement
and defer action on all applications
for said lands until further instruc
tions are received.
GROWTH OF MAjrCFACTCRISO.
Increased . consumption of food
stuffs by our own people and heavy
gains In our manufacturing industries,
n reflected in the detailed state
ment on last year's foreign trade,
That the United States Is rapidly gain
ing a prominent place in the ranks
cf the world manufacturing coun
tries Is shown In record-breaking ex-
norLs In a year when there was
heavy decrease in the exports of food
stuffs. A bulletin Just issued Dy in
Bureau of Statistics of the Depart
ment ef Commerce and Labor show
that. In the fiscal year ending June
SO our exports of "manufactures
ready for consumption" for the first
rim exceeded $500,000,000. There
was a gain of more than $60,000,000
over the previous year. There was
also a heavy gain In the experts of
crude materials for manufacturing
and of "manufactures for use in
manufacturing." These three items
alone represented a value Of $1,830,
000.000, compared with about $1,190,
000.600 for the previous year.
These figures, taken In connection
with those which show a steady de
cline In foodstuff exports, make
striking exhibit of the great . eco
nomic change that has been taking
nlac in the past few years, .mat it
Is a change beneficial to the country
cannot be doubted. On all of our
foodstuffs that are shipped abroad
the freight charges must be paid by
the nroduces, for In one way or an
other they are deducted from the pro
ceeda of the commodities. If a good
home market can be found for these
oroducts among that ever-Increasing
irmv. of factory hands and other In
dustrial workers, the cost of moving
these products will ce retained
hnml.
In lieu of these exports of raw ma-
terlal hich in the past have
i, n intn mtamlAnturea
been
worked up Into a manufactured state
abroad, we are now sending out fin
ished products, and are keeping at
home all of the profits accruing from
their manufacture and wages that are
paid to American laborers. Some In
teresting comparisons showing the
growth in Imports of certain articles
used in manufacturing are shown in
the report Just issued. We note, for
example, that Imports of India rubber
have increased from 49.000,000 pounds
in 1900 to 101,000,000 pounds in 1910.
But 346,000,000 pounds of hides and
skins were brought into the country
1900, while last year more tnan
600,000,000 pounds were received.
Similar increases are noted in raw
silk, pig tin, and even In wool.
This trend toward manufacturing
will continue In this country until we
are In a position to consume ail of
our agricultural products at home,
and there will be a steady increase in
the volume of exports. We have such
large and varied stock of raw ma
terial that can be secured cheaper
here than anywhere else on earth
that in many lines it will be impossi
ble for any other country to compete
with us. The United States, fully
settled and developed, will be the
greatest manufacturing nation on the
globe.
The proportion of religion to danc
ing in the Rev. Frank E. Heerthmus'
novel services at a Seattle skating
rink was about equal to that of sin
cerity to pretentious folly in tne
affair. The praying and preaching
lasted fifteen minutes. The dancing
four hours. If any regenerative in
fluence, persisted fifteen minutes after
the- faroe was over It was more tnan
could have been expected. The
masses" are not attracted to religion
by making a harliquinade of it.
The hunter who does not know a
man from a deer has again been rang-
ing the woods with gun in hand.
Luckily, he shot only one person and
did not kill him, but next time his
work may be more deadly. The law
might wisely require men who apply
for hunter's licenses to pass an exam
ination on the more salient, differ
ences between human beings and such
wild game as bears, deer and cata
mounts. It would save funeral bills.
Did the reader ever notice that most
of the fatal and other accidents are
recorded in Monday papers? That is
hurausa neoDle. sane other days of
the week, select Sunday for an out
ing and navigate animals and vehicles
with which they are not laminar, ana
when the refreshments Include, as
thov nfmn do. a kee or a case of
something, the difficulties of naviga
tion are increased the more.
Because an Idaho woman fell dead
tit heart disease when she saw ner
son-in-law eetting whipped, tne
aggressor is under arrest on a charge
of manslaughter. Verily, it a man
has to select his spectators as well aa
surroundings, there will be little doing
In this line. The decision wm estaD-
lish a precedent of value.
The demand of the French railroad
nrnrlrmen for 31 a day WOUIO not.
seem very extravagant In this coun
trv. It all depends on standards, a
dollar amounts to five francs and a
franc in France will buy pretty nearly
as much as a dollar here, though to
this rule the exceptions are numer
ous.
If soldiers never did anything more
Injurious or expensive than ftghtiag
fires who could object to a sianamg
army? Mr. Taffs order does not
niaetlv forte swords into plowshares,
but It comes near enough to that
happy consummation for most pur
poses.
Portland is saved the trouble inci
dent to a general strike. The unions
at work will contribute financial sup
port to those out of wor until tne
wearing out process shall end the
iffr.nrpa. Perhaps tnis is tno
tetter way.
Two automobile accidents near
Portland last Sunday, with serious re
sults, demonstrate that tnese ma
chines, apparently under gooa con
trol, simply run away. An auto that
skids is more dangerous than a horse
that shies.
Rtlck a pin in. this date: Saturday.
rw-toher 1. It will be Portland day at
the Vancouver fair. Visitors from this
end of the North Bank bridge win db
limited only by the capacity or cars,
boats and automobiles.
Insurgency, which In Kansas has
reached an epidemic stage, has now
mrojui to Portugal as weu as cpain,
It is curious to note the revolt against
Cannontem and canonlsm.
Another old man, an eminent
clergyman, aged 78. is about to marry
a society woman oi az. ouu "
9i for these unions are
VJCT v", -,
against all natural law.
Many are calling themselves these
to hn servants or tne people, anu
the Secretary of State te kept busy
recording them. In a little while the
people will decide.
Wallowa County la in the front row
again with 300 carloads of sugar
beets. Wallowa is doing great things
thto year for a region that does not
specialize.
The lid has been taken off Sunday
.m.mTt in .Idaho, but Wilbur
Crofts Is meandering In Oregon and
the neighbor state would oetiex w
ware.
Th. headline. "Chehalis Wins
tm- " althoueh telling of baseball,
recalls the days when the game little
hnnua nut uregon on. me mu
map. '
If all those BOO deafmutes holding
o r-ona-ress at Colorado springs tain.
. tha chairman will dislocate
his fingers calling them to order.
Root and persistency are hand
maidens. A Lane County family has
just welcomed, its ' twelfth child,
long-looked-for daughter. .
Portland scores again. Her banks
rarrv a reserve of 31.14 per cent
higher- than any other .city in the
United states.
It may be entirely safe to begi
wearing Summer clotnes tooa.
At last the long spell of cold wea
ther seems to m "
LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD
(Written by H. W. Scott; reprinted from The
Sunday oregonian. uciubw
A youth who had come from Puget
Sound, on foot from Olympla to tne
Cowllts River, down the Cowlitz In a
canoe with a couple of Indians, and front
the mouth of the (jowiits to rmi.nu
on. the steamboat Willamette, crosseu
the Willamette tuver in a sum, at ure
foot of Stark street, on the morning of
fw.tnt.r 4. 1856. Taking the road on foot
for Oregon City, he arrived there at 11
o'clock; and from Oregon City pushed
on to the southern end of Clackamas
County that afternoon, to a puim
Butte Creek, arriving there at 6 P. M.,
miles from Portland, it was a S"
day's walk, but for those times oniy
ordinary worn.
Last Thursday, October 4, 1906. this
person, after the lapse of 66 years, again
crossed the Willamette River at Port
land, for observation and retrospect
walking over the Morrison-street bridse.
Portland in 1SS6 contained uui
Inhabitants. All business was on iram
street. A few residences were estab
lished as far back as Bixtn Bireei.
south as far as Jefferson; but througn
out the whole district west of First
street no streets or roads had yet been
opened on regular lines, and only paths.
trails and zigzag roaoa ,
men led the way through stumps and
logs and over uneven places, out into
the forest The Canyon road had been
opened, but was yet almost inaccessi
ble from the nascent city, and most dim-,
cult of passage or travel when reached.
The Barnes or Cornell road was even
more difficult, for it naa snaruer """"
and steeper places. It crossed Canyon
Tanner CreeK near trm preaaii
nomah Field, ascended the mil inruus..
the present City Park, and further on
entered the ravine, upon which It loi-
1 taA itatnntlflJiV tile traAja. ui .
present road to the summit. In many
places these roads were so narrow that
teams could not pass each other, and
most of the logs had been cut out at
i .i, - -nHriths. that gave room lor
. V. waa hnttnm fSS II 1 Li 11 1 uuu."
Canyon road was crossiaia wlu uiuuw
a portion of the way. No one who passes
over those roads now can have any idea,
of the size of the trees or the density
of the forest then. The logs, under
growth, ridges and gullies, hills, steeps
and sharp turns in the ravines rendered
roadmaking a thing dimcuii now i
prehend or believe. ,
-, v. tr.a at Rifle, after passing th
n.mftv atr-.n oi low .aiiu.
Union avenue and Grand avenue are now
the limits, there was unnron..
tin innir afterwards. The orlg-
i i ' or.T, claimants were the only
Inhabitants. The only house directly op
posite Portland was xnai
,.,. who held donation
?,..""! p.lnn Tlhbetts and Clinton
Kelly. To the north were the Wheeler
and Irving claims, and to the south the
Lone claim. Bast i-omanu
name as a town. Tears were to ...
, i hao-inninr wm made of clear-
in he site. The road towards Oregon
City, after reaching the high grouna
r, y'.Jri .... ji,.a nrl thickest of for-
SiTwitt ti7 exception of the small
spot on the West Side that had been par
tially cleared-though logs and stumps
everywhere abounded-the whole ,ite
oi tne p'' . . u-j h
the continuous wooas -
Oregon." so dense w i"
imnirvlous to the sun. so cool the
Ses thlt the mudholes in .neb .roads
as had been opened scarcely dried the
Summer long. f
A flatboat was maintained for a ter
ry at Stark street, with a skiff that
would carry a single passengei . or two
or three, which was used when there
were no teams to ";- .r.-r
Side, as we now can tt
tiffin for the terry, moot
- mtv n ti bevond.
The purpose o, tne youthful traveler
. .,, Tc-(.t sound was to go
0 Fore;? Grove to" "school. But he first
had occasion to go to the south ern part
ot Clackamas County, and a"erwards
to Lafayette, in Yamhill. Thence to
Forest Grove, xne vii
the iourney were made on foot, after
;! ianne? of the time. The baggage
,. an litrht that it didn't get the Ro-
man name of Impedimentum. It was
u .ntr-hel. President mar
was the university r-
, cv.ottnk tha academy. Both,
ot course? werV men of all work not
only In school, dbi
students there were noj. vcr,
hoarded themselves. a -
-, . . ... rtnm. onniirh? S .'.
WOO (J 1' -
1 a llvfTtr
... r. n annnnxpn LI, UC lllU'lJ 1- '
" . 1 1
At that time mere wa no w..
Puget Sound, except a smau
school at Oljmpia, kept by Rev. George
p Whitworth. pioneer missionary, wno
still lives at Seattle, and not long ago
ot Tnrtl.na. M 18 scnuui w
mixed school. In which only primary
Instruction was given, for there was no
demand for higher, in vvasniii6-"
public school had not begun; In Oregon
It was maKing neto "u .'"---- i
est start. '
In that October, 60 years ago, the
weather was fine, as now. Tne eariy
rains had washed the smoky dust out
of the atmosphere, and the woods were
fresh and clean, untouched yet by frost
The cheerful spirits of the young and
lonelv traveler, wno was on ma
rmrt Round that week, and who
was, so far as he knows, the only pas
senger on the road, put nnur
In her cheerfulest mood; for whether
we find Nature kind and genial, or
k.-h nur. deDends on ourselves.
No stream was an obstacle; for, though
there were no bridges, one naa m
strip and wade or swim, carrying his
clothes in a close pack on his shoul
ders or pushing them ahead of him
on a float. Sometimes, on reaching a
small stream, one would take the trou
ble to look for a footlog over which
he might pass, but not often, for the
dense undergrowth along the stream
hid everything ana it was piteu im
possible to break through it Besides,
to wade or swim was nothing. AU
young fellows took It as a matter oi
course. - un inn iici..,, .
waukum, on the Cowlitz, there was no
place where you could get an outlooK
not even up and down the sinuous
streams, for any distance. The great
trees and dense undergrowth shut out
everything. Here and there a first
settler was beginning his little clear
ing But within a few years these
first ones usually gave the effort up
as hopeless. The clearing could come
only with more powerful agencies that
attended the railroad. At the Cowlitz
Farms was a prairie of some "tent,
that had long been occupied by the
men of the Hudsop-s Bay Company. It
was the only real nucleus of a settle
ment between Portland and Olympla
though here and there at long inter
vals were scattered habitations. Where
the town of Chehalis now stands a
man named Saunders lived, at whose
house
mnt travelers bj " -
n'ght: and on tne east iui i i.
Cowlitz, at Its junction with the main
stream, there was a settler named
Gardiner, who with his son, a boy of
15, lived the life of a hermit, yet
would help on his way, with fare of
hardtack and bacon, and a roof when
, i h traveler who chanced to
dron in on him. To the wayfarers of
the Cowlitz trail he was known as
ioid Hardbread." Mighty good man
he was. ...
Western Oregon, BO years ago, was
so fully settled that the most desirable
inda were all taken. The great dona
tion claims of 40 acres, to man ana
,( covered all or nearly all the open
valley lands. The country then was
everything, the towns comparaUvely
nothing; and Salem, as the center of
agricultural Willamette, was in many
ways a more important town than
Portland; as was proven by the fact
that even at a later- date it was able
to get more votes for the state capi
tal than Portland. Eastern Oregon
was of little consequence then. In
fact, the hostile Indians had driven
out-of the "upper country"- the few
whites who had tried to fix their homes
there. Volunteers of Oregon and
Washington were stiu m tne iieia in
pursuit of the hostile Indians east of
the mountains; but at Puget Sound
and In Southern Oregon tne contest
with the Indians was practicany
ended. There were no wnue seiners
yet in Idaho, which, indeed, was not
made a territory until 1863. A con
siderable trade had, however, grown
up between Portland ana me u",
by way of the Columbia River, which
first was interrupted, and afterwards
.,mnnrH hu tha Indian war. Fifty
there was pretty regular
steamboat movement between Portland
md Tho Dailpa. with Dortage connec
tion at the Cascades. Between run-
land and the Cascades the steamer
Senorita, and between the Cascades
and The Dalles the steamer Mary,
threa times a week. It took two aays
to make the trip, either way, between
Portland and The Dalles; and in The
nrftirnnian of October 4. lsbo, tv. a.
Ladd, agent gave notice' that the price
of freight by these boats from Port
land to The Dalles was u a tun, sm
measurement The steamer uene was
t tirnci one of the-boats on tne rouie.
On the Willamette the steamer Port
land nui to Oregon City, ana tne vju
to-rHa- trnm tha falls to tjorvains.
The Jlultnoman ran neiweou
and Astoria, and the Jennie Clark, un
der Captain Alnsworth, between Port
land and Oresron City. The Willam
ette, the boat on which this writer
.oTTiA from Rainier to Portland 50 years
ago, had been brought arouna wi
Horn, but she was too expensive for
service here and was taken to Califor
nia. Jacob Kamm and George A.
Pease are the only ones of the early
sturnihoit men who still live nere.
vamm mma to take charge of the en
gines of the Lot Whltcomb, built at
Milwaukle in 1850. She also was taken,
after a while, to San Francisco, as she
was too large for the trade then on our
rivers. E. W. Baughman. still on the
rTnnor Columbia and Snake Rivers, be
gan his steamboat career as a fireman
on the Whitcomb. Pease, at the age
of 20, began boating on the Willamette
and Columbia in 1850.
But it is not the present intention to
attemt even a sketch of Oregon'B early
steamboat history. The purpose .is
merely to set down a few facts as to
th rti of the country no years ago-
Transportation is great part of the life
even of a pioneer country, and Portland
owed its earlv growth entirely 10 iu
position in relation to navigation on
the one hand, ana to accessions num
the pioneer settlements on the other.
With the outer world communication
was had chiefly by steamer from San
Francisco. Fifty years ago the steamer
came usually twice a month. Latest
news from the East was from one
month to six weeks old. But it was
matter only of mighty Interest that
could fix the attention of a people so
nearly isolated from the world and de
voted of necessity to the little life
around them. People here hardly cared
who was elected President in 1856. By
1860 somewhat closer touch had been
gained with the world. Oregon then
for the first time was to vote for
President, and the questions of that
year, resulting in the election of
Abraham Lincoln, quickened the atten
tion of all. Even so late as 1860 the
entire population of Oregon and Wash
ington was but 62,069, more than
three-fourths of which was in Oregon.
But those were days of idyllic life at
least of idyllic memory; so happy
Is the constitution of the human mind
that hardships and privations are little
remembered, or are turned In after
years into precious recollectiions.
But our pioneers, most of whom had
come from the Middle West, or Upper
Mississippi Valley, and had had much
experience in pioneer life there, used to
say that life here In our pioneer times
never encountered so many difficulties
or privations as in t.he early settlement
of the older states. The reason was
that the great interior country out of
which the States of Kentucky, Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois and Missouri were
formed was remote from the seaboard
and almost inaccessible from it. On
the other hand, access to the Oregon
ranntrv was had direct from the sea,
and necessaries of many kinds were
obtainable here, soon after the settle
ment began, which the pioneers of the
old West could not obtain at all. Espe
cially after the discovery of gold in
r-oiifnrnia. and after the rush thither
began, tools, nails, glass and clothing
coudd be had here. Our women in Ore
gon did not spin and weave in ine
households, as our mothers and" grand
mothers did in the older states, in their
pioneer time. Certain luxuries soon be
gan to appear nere wmuu um
i,,d nnt known in the states whence
thev came. Much of our food supply
for a good many years came to us by
u-imir and beans from Chile and
sugar from Manila were sold at Port
land and Puget esouna tor b"
sumption. There were dried codfish,
harreled pork, Malaga raisins and Eng
lish walnuts. A lew naa carpets, put
sessions unknown to the early settlers
of Illinois and Missouri. Attempts to
imitate fashions in dress were not un
known.' As soon as wheat and pota
toes could be grown living became easy
and in a sense luxurious; tor mere wao
every kind of game, exeeneni nun w -n
waters, and the smart wild fruits in
o-rcotpst abundance. Social life was
hrtv and free. Every house
wo a nrcn to tha comer, whether neigh
bor or stranger. If night overtook you
and you wished to stay, you knew you
would find welcome. You had to ask
no questions. It was a thing of course.
The country lay isolated so long that
It took on a character of its own. Man
ners, habits, customs," naturally assim
ilated. One year was very like another.
The - few who came Into the- country
from year to year, from abroad, soon
and naturally fell into the prevailing
modes of life. Industry was not stren
uous. Production was carried scarce
ly beyond the wants of our own people,
.ncnnrtn.tlon was lacking, and ac-
....iMiitn to markets. Of course, the
oio Interest in such a communi
ty though the leading one, could not
v. .,, rat. The foundations of a
few large fortunes were laid, but the
country in general "got ahead" very
little As the years wore on there came
some" local railroad development; but in
the low state of industry then existing
It had little effect It was not till con
nection was made by rail across the
-. i.nt that the new era began.
Even then, for a number of years, the
nrogress was slow. It has taken time
for the forces to gather that make for
the modern progress, uui now
in nneratlon. to an extent and with
an energy that the survivors of the
early time never could have expected
to witness. Portland as a leading cen
ter of this progress, presents wonder
ful aspects. No one who saw Portland
en aeo. or 30 years ago. could
have Imagined the city would be or
id ha what it Is today. And now
we see that its growth is but Just fair
ly begun. . . . .
Though there are no sighs or regrets
tha transformation, there are
, wonllections of the olden time,
Much of the character that was then
..tublished remains. Wrought Into the
(Arran of the later time, it con
tinues an activeefficient and combin
ing energy, bringing , the old and the
new Into harmony together, modifying
both. It is through such admixture
that best results to society are at
tained; for it gives variety te the life
of a community; affording to the prin
ciple of conservatism and to the prin
ciple of Innovation their due influence
and proportions. Jars it will produce:
but within them lies a principle of
progress, from which the best effects
upon the life of a country may be real
ized. "Something ainerent" nas long
been the need of Oregon. It Is appear
ing, during these recent years, and the
signs of the transformation that has
so long been necessary are aue to n.
Older Oregon, however, never will De
submerged. It ought not be. uut it
needs the newer touch of thought and
action, the fruits of which we are now
beginning to see.
One who has taken part in tne active
life of the Oregon country, nearly from
Its beginning; who has borne his share
in its work of almost every descrip
tion; who has known every kind of
labor and made such essay ef It as he
could in wide variety of endeavor; who
has pride in the Pacific Northwest,
happy remembrance or its past and
unbounded confidence In Its future
such a one may. It is hoped, be par
doned an enthusiasm about a country
with which nearly his whole life has
been so closely associated, and cleared
of any imputation of vanity, when h
speaks of an experience which In
cludes so much of personal observa
tion and actual history in the progress
of states great already and destined to
ulti mates beyond prophetlo conception.
CONFESSION OF A COUNTRY EDITOR
Pratt Canning Season Interfered With
Getting Out One Issue,
Kansas City Star.
An editorial confession from the Win
field Free Press: "The head to this
office is gone. The real boss has laid
down on us and fled. Proofs are un
read; copy unedited; papers unopened,
and the editorial column flat and in
sipid. We suspected it Saturday; w
feared It Sunday, and Monday the real
ization took place. Saturday she was
discovered exchanging a Jelly recipe
with the society reporter. Sunday she
carefully read the household depart
ments In the Surday papers; Monday
she said peaches were selling at a good
price, and the weather didn't look as
if It were going to cool off, and toma
toes were coming on, also corn, to say
nothing of grapes. Monday morning
she vUited the grocery store before th
office.
'When she finally came in at a
o'clock, the far-away looK oi saiuraay
whii-i, had developed into a haunted
stare Sunday, had plainly become a wild
glare Monday. She tussea arouna m
papers for a minute; picked up some
proofs and laid them down, wandered
aimlessly to the desk and glanced over
the receipts and expenditures, restlessly
hammered nothing out of the type
writer, and finally saia sne must u
home. It was out No, she didn't care
if Stubbs or Wagstaff were elected:
elections were of no importance; tele
phone, nonsense; what was calling her
home had called thousands of women
before the telephone was ever Invented.
Yes, It was Important, it was vital. She
went. ,
'As we expected, on xne iucut -
ble when we reacnea norm? wi .
jars of peach preserves, za Bin-"
peach marmalade. 37 Jars of peach
pickles. 30 glasses of peach Jam. also
peach vinegar, peach butter, peach Jel
ly to say nothing of peach pie. peacn
cobbler and sliced peaches for supper.
Ed Howe's Philosophy.
Atchison Globe,
vnii'ii never get in any trouble from
something you haven't said.
A man who is younger man w..-
cannot, help being a little boasttui or
the fact
A distressingly large numoer nr p"-
ple who are well mat a specialty oi
pretending to De sick.
There is In - most women s love for
their husbands as much of a wall as
there Is In a MethodlBt hymn. .
Schoolchildren laugh as quickly at
the teacher's Jokes as church people
laugh at the Jokes ef th Bishop.
What is a reasonable rate of Interest
always depends a good deal on whether
you are paying it or collecting It
The vital statistica uuu . icuu.u v 7
a great many people are worked to
death, considering the number who
think they are.
Some men play pitch or seven-up" In
a manner which indicates they hav
mistaken the game tor an ui'
test or the table for a punchlng-bag.
New Use for the Vacuum Cleaner. ,
Boston Herald.
As great a boon as women know a
vacuum cleaner to ue, '
few have learned to put It to personal
use. When they Duy one iui iu.i
home use they revel over the clean
house they will keep, with never, a
thought aB.to clean clothes and a clean
scalp. . .
Instead of laboriously brushing your
tailor suit with a whisk, stand in front
of the vacuum cleaner and every par
ticle of dust and airt is lifted out in a
few minutes. Nothing remains to do
but wash off grease spots and pressing.
Shampoos are simplified by using the
oleaner as a dryer. Put on the blower.
Sit in front of it. and the hair Is dry in
a surprisingly short time.
When She Answer th Dear Bell.
Kansas City Star.
"When the doorbell rings." Deacon
3 E. House says, "a man goes to th
ond nnens it A woman fixes her
belt looks in the glass, catches up a
few loose stranas oi nair, uu ..-w
powder on her pose, rearranges the or
naments on the mantel and picks up
the loose things scattered around the
room. After this she goes to the door
and opens it." t
Overlooked 1 the New Tariff.
New York Telegram.
i.Hat,ri MiMnnrl laws allow only
a dollar a day for board and lodging of
Jurors. The high cost of living has
caiysed Kansas City hotels to refuse to
bod Jurymen at this rate and they
have te exist on sanawicnes. xn
drich-Payne tariff bill ought to have
revised this Jury thing up with the rest.
One Condition.
Catholic Standard.
- m- oil vfrv wl!.M said Grouch, "to
talk about forgiving your enemies, but
it's not eafey to do."
"You're right." replied Dubley. "we
h ncted to forgive our
enemies except when they freely admit
that they don't deserve our forgiveness.
One Not Enough. 1
', , Buffalo Express.
"I wish I knew of two good Summer
places." . .
"Two? Isn't one enough for your
"Oh, yes. one's enough for me, but I
want another for my wife."
: i
Looked Cheap.
New York Press.
Jinks I saw something cheap at I
bargain counter today.
Binks What was it?
Jinks A man waiting for his wife.
Ne Suitable Field.
Rt Paul Pioneer Press.
The trouble with Colonel Bryan and
his' county option aeroplane seems to
be the lack of a suitable aviation field
on which to get startea.