TIIE MORNING OKEGONIAN. TUESDAY, AUGUST 9, 1910. Ii fte (Drernnnan I ,' PORTLAND, OBEflOX. I ' " ' r4 at Portland. Ortm. PoetolIVe Baccnd-Class Matter. tmbwrrlptloa Bata. InrarUblr m (BT MAIL). DaJlr. Eundav Included. TMr. I.ailT. Sundar Include, aui "0,"fi" i zl rllr. Sunday Included. thraa anaalhS.. a ; Xaily. Sunday Included, aaa moaUt..,. .0A ,. , . c. ! month. 2 ' Ilirl lthaul Sunday, thraa month. rair. without Sunday. 60 wkly. oa jra l.M) Ml Pundar. no yr t .. A r.bW. HI vaST. " iBr Carrier). - Ialty. aonday Included, on yaar. s..nKw tni-ludad- on montn .T5 H.w to Rtlt Sand F"?'",, aa order, nrrw ordor or e Z ur local bank. Stajnpa. cl r. ar ar at tha ..adof a tit, fir. Jj? addru In full. Includlns county and .to in pa eaata. Foraifa oo doubl rat. !, Sp.i.l A.ncy K. Tora.rooma rt Tnbun buildma. t-blcajo. room iv lt Trtfcun uildln. I-ORTLASD, I TVE8DAT. ACOt ST . !" I THBOCUH A CLASS DAJUiiY- . . ! In the midst of Uf ,n detb- Just as much today as "hen the Psalmist wrot his Imperishable songs. Science may prolong life. It may i remove many of the causes of un 5 timely death. It may search out the cause of disease and inltigat the J stress of misery. But when all la done : the dire truth remains that all who . ... Kan. must die. Make the best J , can of It. man born of woman Is 0f few days. Tn prosra 1 ' . rnrler hla life the less VIII1 1. 1 ... " - . : troublous than It was In the time or Job and yet sorrow must r n -i forever and what Joy he experiences 1 must be the exception. Try as we may to obscure the truth to our selves, this world is literally a va e r ,.,. The road from the cradle - to the grave runs all too briefly over stony deserts with oniy there an oasis where there are springs ,t itr with flowers and nalrns. "Like leaves on trees the life 1 i. rniinri as it "was wnen Homer sang his ballads to the Greek " warriors, "now green In youth, now withering on the ground. So genera i tlons In their course decay. So flour l i.h theae. when those have passed aviv" The marvel of death la its peren Dial unexpectedness. Nature has made i. Imnnxslhle for us to im- ..i. that a. man of power and domi - n.nt character should expire. We see him walking down the street to his dally vocation, learn the linea ments of his face, remember the f, tones of his -voice, and habit forces ' us to look upon him as we do the - contour of the mountains and the - iif the stars. As he is now so - - shall he be forever. Then on a night comes the news that he to dead. The v musio of the tongue has stilled for eternity. The step has gone forever r'from the street and the light of-the eye Is darkened. Old age and the fullness of a noble career ought to : prepare us In some measure to expect the final stroke, but tney never uu. It falls from heaven suddenly and tima a. -reat man dies we are as much astonished as If nobody had ever before left the earth to take up his abode in the-unknown. In one sense ef the phrase it to Impossible .-- t t ready for death. The ah ix-It of departure remains undlmin tohed whatever we may do, and for i m inm time after one has gone who "' filled a wide place in the affairs of men they are troubled to adapt them- ' mIvm to his loss. v In our secret hearts we do not be lieve In death. Providence has merci fully taught us to think of the world as a permanency, and Jt to only with effort that the mind oan be held to onntemnlate the end of all things The Egyptian monarch who believed it his duty to keep his thoughts fixed on death even In his hours of feast ing could not do it without a grinning skeleton at the table's end. Cyrus the Great directed his wandering atten tlon to eternal things by ordering a slave to cry out "Cyrus the Great Kina- must die. T" Perhaps It Is better not to dwell " too much upon death and what shall "follow. No doubt It Is a kindly or dering of Providence which impels us to think of life and not of the grave. SMIL as our years advance toward the sear and yellow leaf and the affairs of earth begin to lose their Spring time Interest. It to Inevitable that questionings of the future should force themselves upon us. What hap pens to the soul in Its lonesome jour . nevina- beyond trie bourne of time and ,: space? Tennyson makes Mary ask of c Lazarus, "Where wert thou, brother, ' those four days?" when his body was lying In the sepulchre before the voice of the weeping Savior recalled nun ;to his home? Why did Jesus weep when they told him Lazarus was dead? Of the Centurion's daughter ' he said. "Puella Don est mortus, sed dormit." the girl sleeps, she to not ; dead, but no such testimony did he give of the Immortality of Mary'a ' brother. "There lives no record of re ply" to her question, and none of the J travelers returned from that bourne whence so few come back to earth ." has ever had a syllable to say about ' w hat he saw there and what hap pened to htm. Not the son of the Shunamite. not Lazarus, not even Jesus himself has spoken one word - to Illuminate the darkness of that world whither we are all Journeying. As Dante said of the souls newly I com to Purgatory. "They know not - the end of their journey, but they are on their way," so may we all say of ourselves as we travel Into the dark ness beyond the tomb. Or is It light and not darkness? Gray's Elegy to the only fine poem on death which shuns the question of "how It fares with the happy dead. - Tennyson soared higher in trying to 4 answer It than he ever did again . ghelley wrote some of his noblest . verses with his eye on the mystery of the hereafter. The loveliest of elegies &ys that as rare leave the warm pr " cmcts of the cheerful day we cast our longing, lingering looks back on the ' betas- we are about te resign. Not . so. It la forward tbst the dy ' look. Earth loses its charms In th - presence of death and the world to . come claims the wondering attention of the mind. Perhaps it Is the blank - materialism of Gray's Elegy that keeps It from taking place with th rreatest poems on death. In all the . enchanting notes of that song there T Is none borrowed from the choirln cherubim. Instinctively we all treat death as if it could never happen and no great 1 - man has ever bowed to it. They have all contemned the things of this -world as Insignificant and looked yaad them- to that which fadetii not away. The gTeater - more triumphant nis " mortality. The more of d'vi"a there is in a man. be it the divinity of steadfast courage or of devotion to a great cause or or love to nu tha less the Fury with her abhorred shears can frighten him. When duty ciii'.s we all cast our uvea .. things -of little value. Is It not be cause we cling in our deepest hearts to the steadfast promise of. an eternal Inheritance? STEEL TBCST KARXlTiGS. t Hirnria.l comment on the quar terly report of the steel trust a few days ago. The Oregonian Inadvertent ly referred to the net earnings of the .ai-.i- I-hn fio-ureS trust a- - , . which were taken from the official report of the trust showed that the net earnings of the trust, since IU rganization in 10S naa wcwi 1 000.000. 000. and that after the payment of elaborate dividends on a coloaBal capitalization, there was still sequestered in the reserve fund a to tal of more than 1U4.000.000? A captious correspondent in a communi cation to The Oregonian, overlooking th essential fact that, the trust had actually squeezed out of the. Industry In a little over eight years more 1.000.000.000 In net pronu, th. dividend" f.gure. tor in. - i-.r and carefully omits any ref erence to the unreasonable net profits which hav reached such fabulous figures. ' It la a matter or smau cuiiwuuruv. to the public that pays the mus whether this extortion which to per mitted by our beneficial tariff system .nnan aa "dividends." net earnings. surplus, or Just plain graft. As this orrespondent has caiiea int u"" nlan to account for mentioning u earnings as dividends, presumably for the purpose of minimizing the profits of the trust, a summary or me oinii report will explain the reason for The Oregonlan's comment. The net earn ings of the trust for tne quarter t lng June SO were $40.170.9fi0, after deducting expenses for renewals, re pairs, maintenance of plants, interest on mercnanaise ana iu.cu o- subsidiary companies. These enormous earnings were di verted from the dividend account by allowing $5,669,949 for depreciation and the reserve fund. For interest and sinking fund there was appro priated 17.311.962. and for additions to the property, construction, etc.. there was allowed n.ouu.uuu. iuw the surplus reserve there was dumped S6.410.093. bringing tnat item up i the 14.297,151. These allotments brought the dividend down to 65 700. but the men wno receiveu the dividend have not lost their share in that Immense surplus reserve nor In the new construction work or nec essary main repairs. Despite this skillful shifting of accounts for the aDDarent purpose of making net earn- lnra of more tnan iu,uuu,u per nnartpr seem reasonable, the last Quarterly report of the steel trust will hardly succeed in convincing me con sumers that they are not paying inn ate that Is unreasonable and exorbi tant. BECOSSTBCCTISO PARLIAMENT. As In chemistry, so In politics, when lon-standlnc materials are cast Into the melting pot strange comoinations Issue. The unexpected happens. For our neighbors across tne At lantic, their ancient fariiament carrying yet supreme power over the destinies of the nation by virtue or ine old formula of King. Lords and com mons seemed to be, and was, an immovable foundation for the nation's life. The British constitution grew from history and precedent. It was the work of the many generations of the past. Each century aaaea to n in laws called for by the expansion oi the empire and the changing condi tions of modern a flairs. But tnrougn all this flux and stress the representa tives of the nation came each year to Westminster to follow forms and submit to bonds and restriction! Irksome often In themselves, but marklna- the many stages from the Tkark Ares to this present year oi mca. The very essence or conservatism Imbued the House of Lords. ine House of Commons was recruited in ever lanrer numbers from the pro. zresslve Liberals and Labor members. while Irish Nationalists held the bal ance ef power. The possibility of home rule for Ireland being peace ably granted lay in common action by the three forces. But tne Mouse of Lords barred th way to the pas sage of laws which had been sent up to them by tne uouse oi woromous from the majority votes of all three. in this list were found the Lloyd- George budget of taxation, the public education laws, with other J-JDerai measures. The finances of the nation were thrown into titter confusion when the Lords rejected the Lloyd-George hiiHimt of 1909 by ten to one. So the two houses. .Lioras ana commons. were face to face with "never, no never will we give way" on the ton- niM of their spokesmen. This was la May. But oy ine eno of July a mighty change was wrought. The 1909 budget was passed again In the Commons by the new Parliament, When sent to fhe Lords that body, like the young lady in the song, "say ing she would ne'er oonient, con sented." It was passed without note or comment. But that had been said and done not only In parliamentary nartles. but in the nation outside which could never be revoked. All parties of progress were resolved that never again should tne ixrs nave or exercise the power to defeat the will of the majority of the people. through their representatives in the House of Commons expressed, ana confirmed after full debate. How to crystallize this resolution into law, duly passed, was the question. Even the House of Lords admitted that it must be reformed. An In formal committee of eight, four from the Lords, four from the Commons, consisting of th leaders In both par ties had held repeated private ses sions, searching for means of com promise. Party meetings, conferences, the press at large, have done little else for weeks past but try. and argue out, all Imaginable suggestions. The most likely one until a week or so ago seemed to be based on a suggestion from The Times, the great Conserva tive organ, for a standing committee, say of 100. half from each House, to consider and settle ajl disputes on legislation adopted by on House and thrown out by the other. Plainly this method might settle difficulties above the present horizon. But bigger questions were in the air. Home rule for Ireland was one. Woman suffrage throughout the British empire another. Tariff reform third. This last brought In Its I . , .i . . i I train the question of the right of the great self-governing colonies, Canada. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, to send their representative to take their part In solving the problems. many and Intricate, affecting tne em pire on which the sun never sets. The United States Tias no monopoly of issues dealing with capital and labor and the social questions varying in each nation and territory. These Great Britain must solve, too. Some bold mind has suggested recasting the structure of the Imperial Parliament at Westminster from the ground up. The Canadian papers believe that the conference committee Is working on these lines. Th suggestion is that the imperial Parliament divest Itself of Jurisdiction over local questions -rising In. relat ing to and capable of being settled by each component part of the British empire. So England either with or separate from Scotland and Wales would have her own legislature. Ire land hers, while the great colonies are . already provided for. Only im perial questions, of peaue and war, of national defense, army and riavy, the relations of the British empire to other nations and governments, the position of each legislature toward Its sisters, would be considered In this committee of the empire. to consist of representatives from each local legislature. It may be Imagined that -even insn- men might consider It an honor to take their equal and unchallenged seats In such an Imperial Parliament of the future. CEOXXXilCAL SURVEY OF OBECOS. It to no doubt desirable that the topographical map of the state be carried through In conjunction with the Federal Government as quickly as can be reasonably asked. The Stat Engineer's desire for larger appro priations by the next Legislature than th 12500 suDDlied by the recent Leg islature Is deserving of support on tne s-round that these working maps on a lare scale are asked for whenever capital to considering new enterprises in. irrigation, drainage, or water- rower. What to as nreently needed by the state is the rervice of a State Geol- oeist. and that as early as practicable, Oreeon Is remarkable ror tne dis tribution of coal. Iron, on, gas, plan um and other metals, and of many of the newly discovered minerals. But trained and expert examination and testing would be needed in most cases before capital could -be enlisted in development. Such a suggestion is not Intended as a means of dispensing with the ultimate particular investi gation. That will surely come in any case, but the geological survey of the state would lead the way and open the door. T.W PROBLEMS IX THE ILETZ. What to called the Siletz country is that part of the former Siletz res ervation. In Lincoln county, western Oregon, which, after providing amply for Its declining Indian inhabitants, was thrown open to settlement under the homestead laws some ten years ago. About twenty roues oy uu ij area. It contains a dense Doay oi magnificent timber. Being excepted from the restrictions of the timber and stone act, a general scramble for the timbered lands followed at once. Quarter sections, bearing from 7,000 000 to 20,000,000 feet of timber were homesteads by men and women who saw probabilities of mak ing from $10,000 to 120,000 if they could only prove up on their claims, But to clear the land and make homes in an agricultural sense was not found Dosslble by these first settlers. Very many of them did not try, but con tented themselves by having a $40 cabin built for them of rough logs, poles and shakes, which they occa sionally visited. These settlers came from far and near, but very few were former rest dents of the neighborhood. Claims so hold were "lumped" by the score, ana contests even three deep were piled on them. This last process hassgone on ever since and is still Working. The Interior Department seemed at a loss how to act in this muddle, so did nothine. At last the original settlers got busy and transferred their fight to Washington. A Din was prepared and Intrusted to Representative Haw- ley at the last session. He gained much favor by pressing it through both Houses of Congress. But, alas, it had to come to President Taft,- who has an uncomfortable habit or want iTr to know before he acts. The President declined to sign the bill. Ha referred it back to the Interior runortii.ni with instructions to in vestigate each case and decide It on the merits. Formal orders recently received at the Land Office here with draw all such lands from settlement and defer action on all applications for said lands until further instruc tions are received. GROWTH OF MAjrCFACTCRISO. Increased . consumption of food stuffs by our own people and heavy gains In our manufacturing industries, n reflected in the detailed state ment on last year's foreign trade, That the United States Is rapidly gain ing a prominent place in the ranks cf the world manufacturing coun tries Is shown In record-breaking ex- norLs In a year when there was heavy decrease in the exports of food stuffs. A bulletin Just issued Dy in Bureau of Statistics of the Depart ment ef Commerce and Labor show that. In the fiscal year ending June SO our exports of "manufactures ready for consumption" for the first rim exceeded $500,000,000. There was a gain of more than $60,000,000 over the previous year. There was also a heavy gain In the experts of crude materials for manufacturing and of "manufactures for use in manufacturing." These three items alone represented a value Of $1,830, 000.000, compared with about $1,190, 000.600 for the previous year. These figures, taken In connection with those which show a steady de cline In foodstuff exports, make striking exhibit of the great . eco nomic change that has been taking nlac in the past few years, .mat it Is a change beneficial to the country cannot be doubted. On all of our foodstuffs that are shipped abroad the freight charges must be paid by the nroduces, for In one way or an other they are deducted from the pro ceeda of the commodities. If a good home market can be found for these oroducts among that ever-Increasing irmv. of factory hands and other In dustrial workers, the cost of moving these products will ce retained hnml. In lieu of these exports of raw ma- terlal hich in the past have i, n intn mtamlAnturea been worked up Into a manufactured state abroad, we are now sending out fin ished products, and are keeping at home all of the profits accruing from their manufacture and wages that are paid to American laborers. Some In teresting comparisons showing the growth in Imports of certain articles used in manufacturing are shown in the report Just issued. We note, for example, that Imports of India rubber have increased from 49.000,000 pounds in 1900 to 101,000,000 pounds in 1910. But 346,000,000 pounds of hides and skins were brought into the country 1900, while last year more tnan 600,000,000 pounds were received. Similar increases are noted in raw silk, pig tin, and even In wool. This trend toward manufacturing will continue In this country until we are In a position to consume ail of our agricultural products at home, and there will be a steady increase in the volume of exports. We have such large and varied stock of raw ma terial that can be secured cheaper here than anywhere else on earth that in many lines it will be impossi ble for any other country to compete with us. The United States, fully settled and developed, will be the greatest manufacturing nation on the globe. The proportion of religion to danc ing in the Rev. Frank E. Heerthmus' novel services at a Seattle skating rink was about equal to that of sin cerity to pretentious folly in tne affair. The praying and preaching lasted fifteen minutes. The dancing four hours. If any regenerative in fluence, persisted fifteen minutes after the- faroe was over It was more tnan could have been expected. The masses" are not attracted to religion by making a harliquinade of it. The hunter who does not know a man from a deer has again been rang- ing the woods with gun in hand. Luckily, he shot only one person and did not kill him, but next time his work may be more deadly. The law might wisely require men who apply for hunter's licenses to pass an exam ination on the more salient, differ ences between human beings and such wild game as bears, deer and cata mounts. It would save funeral bills. Did the reader ever notice that most of the fatal and other accidents are recorded in Monday papers? That is hurausa neoDle. sane other days of the week, select Sunday for an out ing and navigate animals and vehicles with which they are not laminar, ana when the refreshments Include, as thov nfmn do. a kee or a case of something, the difficulties of naviga tion are increased the more. Because an Idaho woman fell dead tit heart disease when she saw ner son-in-law eetting whipped, tne aggressor is under arrest on a charge of manslaughter. Verily, it a man has to select his spectators as well aa surroundings, there will be little doing In this line. The decision wm estaD- lish a precedent of value. The demand of the French railroad nrnrlrmen for 31 a day WOUIO not. seem very extravagant In this coun trv. It all depends on standards, a dollar amounts to five francs and a franc in France will buy pretty nearly as much as a dollar here, though to this rule the exceptions are numer ous. If soldiers never did anything more Injurious or expensive than ftghtiag fires who could object to a sianamg army? Mr. Taffs order does not niaetlv forte swords into plowshares, but It comes near enough to that happy consummation for most pur poses. Portland is saved the trouble inci dent to a general strike. The unions at work will contribute financial sup port to those out of wor until tne wearing out process shall end the iffr.nrpa. Perhaps tnis is tno tetter way. Two automobile accidents near Portland last Sunday, with serious re sults, demonstrate that tnese ma chines, apparently under gooa con trol, simply run away. An auto that skids is more dangerous than a horse that shies. Rtlck a pin in. this date: Saturday. rw-toher 1. It will be Portland day at the Vancouver fair. Visitors from this end of the North Bank bridge win db limited only by the capacity or cars, boats and automobiles. Insurgency, which In Kansas has reached an epidemic stage, has now mrojui to Portugal as weu as cpain, It is curious to note the revolt against Cannontem and canonlsm. Another old man, an eminent clergyman, aged 78. is about to marry a society woman oi az. ouu " 9i for these unions are VJCT v", -, against all natural law. Many are calling themselves these to hn servants or tne people, anu the Secretary of State te kept busy recording them. In a little while the people will decide. Wallowa County la in the front row again with 300 carloads of sugar beets. Wallowa is doing great things thto year for a region that does not specialize. The lid has been taken off Sunday .m.mTt in .Idaho, but Wilbur Crofts Is meandering In Oregon and the neighbor state would oetiex w ware. Th. headline. "Chehalis Wins tm- " althoueh telling of baseball, recalls the days when the game little hnnua nut uregon on. me mu map. ' If all those BOO deafmutes holding o r-ona-ress at Colorado springs tain. . tha chairman will dislocate his fingers calling them to order. Root and persistency are hand maidens. A Lane County family has just welcomed, its ' twelfth child, long-looked-for daughter. . Portland scores again. Her banks rarrv a reserve of 31.14 per cent higher- than any other .city in the United states. It may be entirely safe to begi wearing Summer clotnes tooa. At last the long spell of cold wea ther seems to m " LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD (Written by H. W. Scott; reprinted from The Sunday oregonian. uciubw A youth who had come from Puget Sound, on foot from Olympla to tne Cowllts River, down the Cowlitz In a canoe with a couple of Indians, and front the mouth of the (jowiits to rmi.nu on. the steamboat Willamette, crosseu the Willamette tuver in a sum, at ure foot of Stark street, on the morning of fw.tnt.r 4. 1856. Taking the road on foot for Oregon City, he arrived there at 11 o'clock; and from Oregon City pushed on to the southern end of Clackamas County that afternoon, to a puim Butte Creek, arriving there at 6 P. M., miles from Portland, it was a S" day's walk, but for those times oniy ordinary worn. Last Thursday, October 4, 1906. this person, after the lapse of 66 years, again crossed the Willamette River at Port land, for observation and retrospect walking over the Morrison-street bridse. Portland in 1SS6 contained uui Inhabitants. All business was on iram street. A few residences were estab lished as far back as Bixtn Bireei. south as far as Jefferson; but througn out the whole district west of First street no streets or roads had yet been opened on regular lines, and only paths. trails and zigzag roaoa , men led the way through stumps and logs and over uneven places, out into the forest The Canyon road had been opened, but was yet almost inaccessi ble from the nascent city, and most dim-, cult of passage or travel when reached. The Barnes or Cornell road was even more difficult, for it naa snaruer """" and steeper places. It crossed Canyon Tanner CreeK near trm preaaii nomah Field, ascended the mil inruus.. the present City Park, and further on entered the ravine, upon which It loi- 1 taA itatnntlflJiV tile traAja. ui . present road to the summit. In many places these roads were so narrow that teams could not pass each other, and most of the logs had been cut out at i .i, - -nHriths. that gave room lor . V. waa hnttnm fSS II 1 Li 11 1 uuu." Canyon road was crossiaia wlu uiuuw a portion of the way. No one who passes over those roads now can have any idea, of the size of the trees or the density of the forest then. The logs, under growth, ridges and gullies, hills, steeps and sharp turns in the ravines rendered roadmaking a thing dimcuii now i prehend or believe. , -, v. tr.a at Rifle, after passing th n.mftv atr-.n oi low .aiiu. Union avenue and Grand avenue are now the limits, there was unnron.. tin innir afterwards. The orlg- i i ' or.T, claimants were the only Inhabitants. The only house directly op posite Portland was xnai ,.,. who held donation ?,..""! p.lnn Tlhbetts and Clinton Kelly. To the north were the Wheeler and Irving claims, and to the south the Lone claim. Bast i-omanu name as a town. Tears were to ... , i hao-inninr wm made of clear- in he site. The road towards Oregon City, after reaching the high grouna r, y'.Jri .... ji,.a nrl thickest of for- SiTwitt ti7 exception of the small spot on the West Side that had been par tially cleared-though logs and stumps everywhere abounded-the whole ,ite oi tne p'' . . u-j h the continuous wooas - Oregon." so dense w i" imnirvlous to the sun. so cool the Ses thlt the mudholes in .neb .roads as had been opened scarcely dried the Summer long. f A flatboat was maintained for a ter ry at Stark street, with a skiff that would carry a single passengei . or two or three, which was used when there were no teams to ";- .r.-r Side, as we now can tt tiffin for the terry, moot - mtv n ti bevond. The purpose o, tne youthful traveler . .,, Tc-(.t sound was to go 0 Fore;? Grove to" "school. But he first had occasion to go to the south ern part ot Clackamas County, and a"erwards to Lafayette, in Yamhill. Thence to Forest Grove, xne vii the iourney were made on foot, after ;! ianne? of the time. The baggage ,. an litrht that it didn't get the Ro- man name of Impedimentum. It was u .ntr-hel. President mar was the university r- , cv.ottnk tha academy. Both, ot course? werV men of all work not only In school, dbi students there were noj. vcr, hoarded themselves. a - -, . . ... rtnm. onniirh? S .'. WOO (J 1' - 1 a llvfTtr ... r. n annnnxpn LI, UC lllU'lJ 1- ' " . 1 1 At that time mere wa no w.. Puget Sound, except a smau school at Oljmpia, kept by Rev. George p Whitworth. pioneer missionary, wno still lives at Seattle, and not long ago ot Tnrtl.na. M 18 scnuui w mixed school. In which only primary Instruction was given, for there was no demand for higher, in vvasniii6-" public school had not begun; In Oregon It was maKing neto "u .'"---- i est start. ' In that October, 60 years ago, the weather was fine, as now. Tne eariy rains had washed the smoky dust out of the atmosphere, and the woods were fresh and clean, untouched yet by frost The cheerful spirits of the young and lonelv traveler, wno was on ma rmrt Round that week, and who was, so far as he knows, the only pas senger on the road, put nnur In her cheerfulest mood; for whether we find Nature kind and genial, or k.-h nur. deDends on ourselves. No stream was an obstacle; for, though there were no bridges, one naa m strip and wade or swim, carrying his clothes in a close pack on his shoul ders or pushing them ahead of him on a float. Sometimes, on reaching a small stream, one would take the trou ble to look for a footlog over which he might pass, but not often, for the dense undergrowth along the stream hid everything ana it was piteu im possible to break through it Besides, to wade or swim was nothing. AU young fellows took It as a matter oi course. - un inn iici..,, . waukum, on the Cowlitz, there was no place where you could get an outlooK not even up and down the sinuous streams, for any distance. The great trees and dense undergrowth shut out everything. Here and there a first settler was beginning his little clear ing But within a few years these first ones usually gave the effort up as hopeless. The clearing could come only with more powerful agencies that attended the railroad. At the Cowlitz Farms was a prairie of some "tent, that had long been occupied by the men of the Hudsop-s Bay Company. It was the only real nucleus of a settle ment between Portland and Olympla though here and there at long inter vals were scattered habitations. Where the town of Chehalis now stands a man named Saunders lived, at whose house mnt travelers bj " - n'ght: and on tne east iui i i. Cowlitz, at Its junction with the main stream, there was a settler named Gardiner, who with his son, a boy of 15, lived the life of a hermit, yet would help on his way, with fare of hardtack and bacon, and a roof when , i h traveler who chanced to dron in on him. To the wayfarers of the Cowlitz trail he was known as ioid Hardbread." Mighty good man he was. ... Western Oregon, BO years ago, was so fully settled that the most desirable inda were all taken. The great dona tion claims of 40 acres, to man ana ,( covered all or nearly all the open valley lands. The country then was everything, the towns comparaUvely nothing; and Salem, as the center of agricultural Willamette, was in many ways a more important town than Portland; as was proven by the fact that even at a later- date it was able to get more votes for the state capi tal than Portland. Eastern Oregon was of little consequence then. In fact, the hostile Indians had driven out-of the "upper country"- the few whites who had tried to fix their homes there. Volunteers of Oregon and Washington were stiu m tne iieia in pursuit of the hostile Indians east of the mountains; but at Puget Sound and In Southern Oregon tne contest with the Indians was practicany ended. There were no wnue seiners yet in Idaho, which, indeed, was not made a territory until 1863. A con siderable trade had, however, grown up between Portland ana me u", by way of the Columbia River, which first was interrupted, and afterwards .,mnnrH hu tha Indian war. Fifty there was pretty regular steamboat movement between Portland md Tho Dailpa. with Dortage connec tion at the Cascades. Between run- land and the Cascades the steamer Senorita, and between the Cascades and The Dalles the steamer Mary, threa times a week. It took two aays to make the trip, either way, between Portland and The Dalles; and in The nrftirnnian of October 4. lsbo, tv. a. Ladd, agent gave notice' that the price of freight by these boats from Port land to The Dalles was u a tun, sm measurement The steamer uene was t tirnci one of the-boats on tne rouie. On the Willamette the steamer Port land nui to Oregon City, ana tne vju to-rHa- trnm tha falls to tjorvains. The Jlultnoman ran neiweou and Astoria, and the Jennie Clark, un der Captain Alnsworth, between Port land and Oresron City. The Willam ette, the boat on which this writer .oTTiA from Rainier to Portland 50 years ago, had been brought arouna wi Horn, but she was too expensive for service here and was taken to Califor nia. Jacob Kamm and George A. Pease are the only ones of the early sturnihoit men who still live nere. vamm mma to take charge of the en gines of the Lot Whltcomb, built at Milwaukle in 1850. She also was taken, after a while, to San Francisco, as she was too large for the trade then on our rivers. E. W. Baughman. still on the rTnnor Columbia and Snake Rivers, be gan his steamboat career as a fireman on the Whitcomb. Pease, at the age of 20, began boating on the Willamette and Columbia in 1850. But it is not the present intention to attemt even a sketch of Oregon'B early steamboat history. The purpose .is merely to set down a few facts as to th rti of the country no years ago- Transportation is great part of the life even of a pioneer country, and Portland owed its earlv growth entirely 10 iu position in relation to navigation on the one hand, ana to accessions num the pioneer settlements on the other. With the outer world communication was had chiefly by steamer from San Francisco. Fifty years ago the steamer came usually twice a month. Latest news from the East was from one month to six weeks old. But it was matter only of mighty Interest that could fix the attention of a people so nearly isolated from the world and de voted of necessity to the little life around them. People here hardly cared who was elected President in 1856. By 1860 somewhat closer touch had been gained with the world. Oregon then for the first time was to vote for President, and the questions of that year, resulting in the election of Abraham Lincoln, quickened the atten tion of all. Even so late as 1860 the entire population of Oregon and Wash ington was but 62,069, more than three-fourths of which was in Oregon. But those were days of idyllic life at least of idyllic memory; so happy Is the constitution of the human mind that hardships and privations are little remembered, or are turned In after years into precious recollectiions. But our pioneers, most of whom had come from the Middle West, or Upper Mississippi Valley, and had had much experience in pioneer life there, used to say that life here In our pioneer times never encountered so many difficulties or privations as in t.he early settlement of the older states. The reason was that the great interior country out of which the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri were formed was remote from the seaboard and almost inaccessible from it. On the other hand, access to the Oregon ranntrv was had direct from the sea, and necessaries of many kinds were obtainable here, soon after the settle ment began, which the pioneers of the old West could not obtain at all. Espe cially after the discovery of gold in r-oiifnrnia. and after the rush thither began, tools, nails, glass and clothing coudd be had here. Our women in Ore gon did not spin and weave in ine households, as our mothers and" grand mothers did in the older states, in their pioneer time. Certain luxuries soon be gan to appear nere wmuu um i,,d nnt known in the states whence thev came. Much of our food supply for a good many years came to us by u-imir and beans from Chile and sugar from Manila were sold at Port land and Puget esouna tor b" sumption. There were dried codfish, harreled pork, Malaga raisins and Eng lish walnuts. A lew naa carpets, put sessions unknown to the early settlers of Illinois and Missouri. Attempts to imitate fashions in dress were not un known.' As soon as wheat and pota toes could be grown living became easy and in a sense luxurious; tor mere wao every kind of game, exeeneni nun w -n waters, and the smart wild fruits in o-rcotpst abundance. Social life was hrtv and free. Every house wo a nrcn to tha comer, whether neigh bor or stranger. If night overtook you and you wished to stay, you knew you would find welcome. You had to ask no questions. It was a thing of course. The country lay isolated so long that It took on a character of its own. Man ners, habits, customs," naturally assim ilated. One year was very like another. The - few who came Into the- country from year to year, from abroad, soon and naturally fell into the prevailing modes of life. Industry was not stren uous. Production was carried scarce ly beyond the wants of our own people, .ncnnrtn.tlon was lacking, and ac- ....iMiitn to markets. Of course, the oio Interest in such a communi ty though the leading one, could not v. .,, rat. The foundations of a few large fortunes were laid, but the country in general "got ahead" very little As the years wore on there came some" local railroad development; but in the low state of industry then existing It had little effect It was not till con nection was made by rail across the -. i.nt that the new era began. Even then, for a number of years, the nrogress was slow. It has taken time for the forces to gather that make for the modern progress, uui now in nneratlon. to an extent and with an energy that the survivors of the early time never could have expected to witness. Portland as a leading cen ter of this progress, presents wonder ful aspects. No one who saw Portland en aeo. or 30 years ago. could have Imagined the city would be or id ha what it Is today. And now we see that its growth is but Just fair ly begun. . . . . Though there are no sighs or regrets tha transformation, there are , wonllections of the olden time, Much of the character that was then ..tublished remains. Wrought Into the (Arran of the later time, it con tinues an activeefficient and combin ing energy, bringing , the old and the new Into harmony together, modifying both. It is through such admixture that best results to society are at tained; for it gives variety te the life of a community; affording to the prin ciple of conservatism and to the prin ciple of Innovation their due influence and proportions. Jars it will produce: but within them lies a principle of progress, from which the best effects upon the life of a country may be real ized. "Something ainerent" nas long been the need of Oregon. It Is appear ing, during these recent years, and the signs of the transformation that has so long been necessary are aue to n. Older Oregon, however, never will De submerged. It ought not be. uut it needs the newer touch of thought and action, the fruits of which we are now beginning to see. One who has taken part in tne active life of the Oregon country, nearly from Its beginning; who has borne his share in its work of almost every descrip tion; who has known every kind of labor and made such essay ef It as he could in wide variety of endeavor; who has pride in the Pacific Northwest, happy remembrance or its past and unbounded confidence In Its future such a one may. It is hoped, be par doned an enthusiasm about a country with which nearly his whole life has been so closely associated, and cleared of any imputation of vanity, when h speaks of an experience which In cludes so much of personal observa tion and actual history in the progress of states great already and destined to ulti mates beyond prophetlo conception. CONFESSION OF A COUNTRY EDITOR Pratt Canning Season Interfered With Getting Out One Issue, Kansas City Star. An editorial confession from the Win field Free Press: "The head to this office is gone. The real boss has laid down on us and fled. Proofs are un read; copy unedited; papers unopened, and the editorial column flat and in sipid. We suspected it Saturday; w feared It Sunday, and Monday the real ization took place. Saturday she was discovered exchanging a Jelly recipe with the society reporter. Sunday she carefully read the household depart ments In the Surday papers; Monday she said peaches were selling at a good price, and the weather didn't look as if It were going to cool off, and toma toes were coming on, also corn, to say nothing of grapes. Monday morning she vUited the grocery store before th office. 'When she finally came in at a o'clock, the far-away looK oi saiuraay whii-i, had developed into a haunted stare Sunday, had plainly become a wild glare Monday. She tussea arouna m papers for a minute; picked up some proofs and laid them down, wandered aimlessly to the desk and glanced over the receipts and expenditures, restlessly hammered nothing out of the type writer, and finally saia sne must u home. It was out No, she didn't care if Stubbs or Wagstaff were elected: elections were of no importance; tele phone, nonsense; what was calling her home had called thousands of women before the telephone was ever Invented. Yes, It was Important, it was vital. She went. , 'As we expected, on xne iucut - ble when we reacnea norm? wi . jars of peach preserves, za Bin-" peach marmalade. 37 Jars of peach pickles. 30 glasses of peach Jam. also peach vinegar, peach butter, peach Jel ly to say nothing of peach pie. peacn cobbler and sliced peaches for supper. Ed Howe's Philosophy. Atchison Globe, vnii'ii never get in any trouble from something you haven't said. A man who is younger man w..- cannot, help being a little boasttui or the fact A distressingly large numoer nr p"- ple who are well mat a specialty oi pretending to De sick. There is In - most women s love for their husbands as much of a wall as there Is In a MethodlBt hymn. . Schoolchildren laugh as quickly at the teacher's Jokes as church people laugh at the Jokes ef th Bishop. What is a reasonable rate of Interest always depends a good deal on whether you are paying it or collecting It The vital statistica uuu . icuu.u v 7 a great many people are worked to death, considering the number who think they are. Some men play pitch or seven-up" In a manner which indicates they hav mistaken the game tor an ui' test or the table for a punchlng-bag. New Use for the Vacuum Cleaner. , Boston Herald. As great a boon as women know a vacuum cleaner to ue, ' few have learned to put It to personal use. When they Duy one iui iu.i home use they revel over the clean house they will keep, with never, a thought aB.to clean clothes and a clean scalp. . . Instead of laboriously brushing your tailor suit with a whisk, stand in front of the vacuum cleaner and every par ticle of dust and airt is lifted out in a few minutes. Nothing remains to do but wash off grease spots and pressing. Shampoos are simplified by using the oleaner as a dryer. Put on the blower. Sit in front of it. and the hair Is dry in a surprisingly short time. When She Answer th Dear Bell. Kansas City Star. "When the doorbell rings." Deacon 3 E. House says, "a man goes to th ond nnens it A woman fixes her belt looks in the glass, catches up a few loose stranas oi nair, uu ..-w powder on her pose, rearranges the or naments on the mantel and picks up the loose things scattered around the room. After this she goes to the door and opens it." t Overlooked 1 the New Tariff. New York Telegram. i.Hat,ri MiMnnrl laws allow only a dollar a day for board and lodging of Jurors. The high cost of living has caiysed Kansas City hotels to refuse to bod Jurymen at this rate and they have te exist on sanawicnes. xn drich-Payne tariff bill ought to have revised this Jury thing up with the rest. One Condition. Catholic Standard. - m- oil vfrv wl!.M said Grouch, "to talk about forgiving your enemies, but it's not eafey to do." "You're right." replied Dubley. "we h ncted to forgive our enemies except when they freely admit that they don't deserve our forgiveness. One Not Enough. 1 ', , Buffalo Express. "I wish I knew of two good Summer places." . . "Two? Isn't one enough for your "Oh, yes. one's enough for me, but I want another for my wife." : i Looked Cheap. New York Press. Jinks I saw something cheap at I bargain counter today. Binks What was it? Jinks A man waiting for his wife. Ne Suitable Field. Rt Paul Pioneer Press. The trouble with Colonel Bryan and his' county option aeroplane seems to be the lack of a suitable aviation field on which to get startea.