8
PORTLAND. OBET.OS.
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PORTLASD. SATVROAV, OCT. 30. 1909.
THE HOTEL AKtil-MKNT BIT IT ISN'T
ALL.
This statement Is from the Albany
Democrat. Th Oregonian gives the
hotels of Eugene. Albany and Corval
11s the benefit of the advertisement It
contains:
A writer In TT.a Oregonian aaya a nxHel
cannot ruo without a bar. Th.n we bad
better have none. Hut th. atatement Is
I.l.-nood. aa bare-faced a one u wa. et.er
uttered. Hotel, cat and do run In P'ndl
.nape with Jut saloon attainments. There
are Mime coM ones In Kc.stne. Albany. cor
ral!., and other dry places, prospering and
giving s:.endld servh-e.
It is undoubtedly true that hotels
suitable for villages that attempt pro
n!blti..n can be conducted without open
sale or use of lienors. Hut no hotel
of the first class, in a city or an im
portant town, can be. Hotels of the
class suitable for villages, however
good they may be for their situation,
and for the trade to which they cater,
are not such hotels as cities require.
In all first-rate hotel u.-e of wines and
liquors is a necessary adjunct of the
trade they seek: and hotelkeepers,
even in the small towns, almost uni
versally desire the right , to sell and
serve liquors, knowing that thereby
they can attract better trade, make
better profits, render service of higher
class, keep better beds, tables and fur
niture, and obtain higher rates. The
hotelkeeper who knows his business
knows how to do all this without per
mitting use of liquors beyond the
bounds of propriety. He keeps a quiet
and decent place and meets a legiti
mate demand. Hence, even in the
mailer towns, the hotel men object to
enforcement of "prohibition, on them,
by the efforts of ministerial assemblies
and the rural voters. '
In making these statements The Ore
gonian is presenting facts known of all
men, not controvertible opinions.
Hotel-keeping is a legitimate business,
and prohibition is injurious to it. It
reduces the quality of service and di
minishes the profits. Bnt, of course,
the sentimental prohibitionist sneers
at the idea of profit and prosperity, in
such a matter though usually eager
enough to drive a hard bargain for his
own advantage with his neighbor.
The hotel business of the state will
be practically a unanimous force
against prohibition next year; for it
regards the effort as a most serious
menace to a legitimate and necessary
business. Of course, the hotel men
know that liquors will still be sold and
consumed; but they don't want to wink
at or know about any of the sneaking
methods, or informer's proceedings,
that the system always begets. Close
regulation of the liquor trade Is what
they desire. In decent hotels no vio
lation of these regulations is permitted.
The family hotel, where there is no
abuse whatever, would fall under the
prohibition ban; on all public occasions
there would be the cheer of Ice water,
and the sneaky Informer would put
Ms nose into every private banquet.
The Oregonian stands for strict regu
lation of the liquor trade, and for strict
enforcement of the regulations. It op
poses prohibition, because It does not
consider prohibition reasonable or just;
because it authorizes and provides un
, necessary restrictions upon personal
conduct and private right; because it
forces a secret trade that Is more In
jurious than the open trade, under
regulation: because it strikes a blow at
many useful and important Industries;
because its enactment by any state is a
aign of a narrow provincialism, and
Oregon ought tq be kept out of this
class of states. To enter it would be
hurtful In many ways to her reputation
for sanity, and In many ways hurtful to
her business and Industry. A prohi
bition state U a small, wrangling com
munity. Washington and California
will rot be prohibition states. Should
we adopt prohibition it would be one of
many other proofs that we were fall
ing behind In the race of progress;
that the "dry rot" had not only struck
us. but had sunk deep. No pun In
tended In the phrase about "dry rot."
On this subject, now a year in ad
vance of the time when the vote on
state prohibition is to be taken. .The
Oregonian uses the opportunity to
declare its position. It knows it must
declare Us position frankly on the
question; and it cannot shirk the duty.
It knows, moreover, that its readers
who consider this subject from a
reasonable point of view will agree
with It: that others, who simply con
sider the subject from the standpoint
of their opposition to a trade that In
irresponsible hands becomes an instru
ment of abuse and must be subjected
to correction of law, statutory and
moral, will not agree with it. the ap
' peal is to the larger and wider Judg
ment. The appeal is to those who un
derstand the expression, of the moral
poet of two thousand years ago, who
exclaimed. "What can laws avail,
when the customs of the people, their
social conditions and wants, the var
ious requirements of their business
and industry, do not call for the legal
enactments?" In such cases laws are
not only vain empty, that la to say
but in many ways may be positively
hurtful. Morality la not based on law,
but law on morality. They who de
sire to "prohibit" In their own locali
ties have the opportunity now in
local option.
The opportunity has been abused,
as The Oregonian foretold it would be,
by enabling the rural districts to force
prohibition on the county towns that
didn't want it. This forcing process
Is now to be atternpted on all Oregon
on all protesting towns and cities
and communities in the State of Ore
gon. It Is the opinion of The Ore
gonian that it will not succeed;, but
should It succeed, the consequence will
be injurious to the state In many
ways in a multitude of ways mater
ially, industrially and morally by giv
ing the state an undesirable reputa
tion, in company with the narrowness
of Maine and Kansas; by keeping peo
ple out of our borders who have
breadth of view and want reasonable
freedom of action; by generating a
secret traffic and setting the meanest
among us to spy upon their neigh
bors: by weakening personal and
moral responsibility among - those
whom the state would undertake to
coddle and to protect (or kill) with
kindness. Character, neither for in
dividuals nor for states. Is made In
this way. Personal responsibility Is
basis of all.
This, therefore. Is by no means
wholly a question as to hotels or tav
erns important as this business is in
every modern state. There are other
features of the argument which, per
haps, may be developed later partic
ularly as to the offensive Intrusion of
clericals and priests, who use their ar
gument as an instrument for holding
the ascendancy of dogmatic pretension
over the general mind.
SCARCITY AND HIl.H PRI:.
In the current number of The
World's Work James J. Hill writes on
the rising prices of food In our coun
try, which indicates shortage; yot we
have Immense areas of uncultivated
land, relatively a sparse population,
and multitudes lounging about the cit
ies, complaining they can find nothing
to do. Mr. Hill talks- Interestingly
about the productive capacity of the
country, but he throws no light on the
problem of scarcity and its cause.
Our country is still in process of pri
mary development. Men can earn
wages from two to three dollars a day
In mines. In the forests, on the rail
roads. But there is not call enough
for this sort, of labor to take up the
whole supply; and many, indeed Vnost,
of these workersare unfitted for farm
labor. They have neither the knowl
edge nor the disposition necessary for
It. They are unwilling to work on the
farms at wages less than paid In the
lumber and railroad camps. Besides,
they don't like the Isolated life of the
farms and don't want to work a full
day.
Will anybody inform anybody else
whose fault such a situation Is? The
men who want work refuse farm
wages, and don't want to work on the
farms at all. Tet if they would, they
could find employment in the agricul
tural communities, where Is steady
want of 'trustworthy and efficient men;
an J they would have for their reward.
In the "long run, more than they get
by the higher occasional wage, which
they spend as fast as they get It, and
then sit round on the benches or He
on the grass in the public parks, com
plaining that they are hungry and can
get nothing to do. a
From this situation the only relief is
through necessity of labor. In con
formity with the conditions of our ag
ricultural communities; which. In fact,
are good enough for anybody. This
would put an end to the complaint
about scarcity and high prices of food,
on the one hand, and about the sad
condition of labor on the, other. All
this U a terrible misfit, which can be
corrected only through experience and
necessity. Our farmers are among our
most enterprising people:, but they find
year after year, while they are In need
of help, men and women are herding
in the towns and complaining of their
hard lot. We are to expect In these
circumstances high prices of bread
and meat. Tet these United States
could produce many times the quanti
ties of bread and meat that they pro
duce now.
WHEN A MAN DESERTS HIS WIFE.
All one can say of1 Mr. John F.
Logan's view of the marriage contract
Is that. If it isn't law, it ought to be.
Premising that marriage Is a contract,
he argues that It can be enforced like
any other. When the husband takes
the vow of matrimony he promises.
Implicitly, at least, to support his
espoused partner. "With all my
worldly goods I thee endow," is his
somewhat pompous undertaking.
Theological phrases are proverbially
a little empty, but certainly this one
can be interpreted to convey a promise
of decent support without unduly
stretching Its meaning. Granting this
Mr. Logan concludes that a fugitive
husband's property, if he leaves any
behind when he abandons his wife, can
be attached and sold to maintain her.
We apprehend that the wife may thus
appropriate the goods of her errant
helpmate, not as damages assessed,
but, so to speak. In specific enforce
ment of a very weighty portion of the
marriage contract.
It really seems aa If this view of the
matter were more sensible than the
one they have taken In New York.
There they make wife desertion a fel
ony, but it Is a little hazy how one
spouse can be benefited by shutting
the other up in prison, even when the
Indispensable preliminary of catching
him has been accomplished. Would
It not show more gumption to make
him work and give his wife his wages?
We almost feel disposed to recommend i
this as an amendment to Mr. Logan's
idea. 'If the husband leaves any prop
erty behind, well and good." Confis
cate It for, his deserted wife. If he
doesn't leave any, catch him and at
tach him Inseparably to a Job, turning
the proceeds over to his" wife. Shut
ting him up in Jail appears to be about
the most stupid procedure that could
be devised.
ROCKEFELLER AND HOOK WORMS.
Whatever one may think of Mr.
John D. Rockefeller's sins, his shrewd
ness Is unimpeachable. All he does
he does wisely and well. In each of
his benefactions there Is a display of
intelligence which fairly startles one.
He has broken away completely from
the routine of donations to theological
chools. struggling colleges and old
fashloired hospitals. When he gives to
education he goes to the roots of
things and provides for a general
boost. In medicine he was the first
great benefactor who explicitly en
dowed research. The truth 'of the mat
ter is that Mr. Rockfeller is an ideal
istic radical, strange as the words may
sound. He fully expects to make hu
man conditions better, and In order to
do It he lays the ax to the root. Never
has he been contented to pick a few
insects off the leaves and trust to
Providence to save the orchard.
To convince ourselves; that all this
Is true, . we need only look at the
facts. Judging Mr. Rockfeller by his
deeds, he may be a great criminal but
there Is no doubt whatever of his be
ing a great practical sociologist. His
new gift f a million dollars to ex
tirpate the hook worm disease In the
South, exemplifies what we mean.
Fully 2,000,000 people suffer from this
disorder. It destroyes their economic
TIIE MOBXIXG OREGONIAN. SATURDAY,
efficiency, blights their Intelligence
and degrades them below tne status
of beasts. The type of "poor white
trash" is well known. It is produced
by the hook worm. Now that knowl
etlga of this evil has become clear, Mr.
Rockfeller Is .on hand with a noble
gift to help cure It. The end will
not be gained quickly. XA long edu
cational pnocess must intervene be
tween rsplrktion . and fulfillment, but
with money enough to pay workers
I r . " ., ha d.inp Pnndprlne UDOn Mr.
"Rockefeller's expiatory benefactions to
his kind, one Is constrained to ass it
he has not earned .forgiveness what
ever his sins may have been?
WHY TERMINAL RATES ARE LOW.
Collier's Weekly and a number of
other muckraking publications in the
Kast have printed so much misinfor
mation and misrepresentation regard
ing the Pacific Coast freight terminal
rate situation that it Is refreshing to
rote in one, Eastern magazine an In
telligent discussion of the question. In
the current number of the Saturday
Kvening Post Clarence H. Matson,
writing under the caption "Why Is a
Freight Rate?" discloses a fairly clear
idea of the reasons why a rate to a
water terminal Is., and properly should
be, lower than a rate to an interior
point some miles nearer the originat
ing point of the freight. "The buga
boo of the railroads," says Mr. Mat
son, "especially the transcontinental
lines. Is water competition. The high
ways of the seas are open to all, and
there are no roadbeds to maintain, nor
Interest to be paid on big investments
In tracks and expensive equipment.
Consequently the cost of transporta
tion by water is only a fraction of that
by land."
Mr. Matson disposes of the favorite
"interior point" argument that the
railroads make good profits out of the
low terminal rates, otherwise they
would not quote them, with the state
ment that "if the railroads did not
carry this competitive traffic, the rates
to interior points would have to be
much-- higher.," for the reason that
"there are certain fixed expenses that
must be met by a railroad, whether
traffic is heavy or light. The roadbed
and equipment must be maintained.
Interest on bonds must be met, taxes
must be paid, and the salaries of offi
cers remain the same." If the peti
tion of the Interior points for terminal
rates were granted It Is pointed out
that the terminal business would prac
tically all go by water. "The Pacific
Coast would get Its freight at the same
rate, but the railroads would lose that
much gross revenue. Their fixed ex
penses and the cost of maintenance
and salaries would continue Just the
same."
To make up this loss in the gross
revenue it would, of course, be neces
sary to Increase the rates to Interior
points. Here again would appear au
tomatically readjustment of the rates,
for with the increase to interior points
the coast jobber, with his low water
rate, could again enter the markets
which are his by right of location.
The only serious misstatement appear
ing in Mr.' Matson's article Is that an
cient roorback that "on the Pacific
Coast practically the only deep-water
wharves 'not under control direct or
otherwise of the transcontinental
railroads are those owned by the pub
lic at San Francisco." As this is the
old yarn first put In circulation by that
eminent muckraker, Charles Edward
Russell, and so often reproduced by
other yellow writers, It has probably
been accepted In the East as having
some Femblance of truth.
As a matter of fact, the railroads do
not own or control more than one
third of the wharves In Portland or on
Puget Sound. Mr. Matson concludes
his very Interesting discussion of
freight rates with the undeniably true
statement that "It Is certain that the
average man In the Inland states who
does not come Into contact with water
transportation, little realizes its bene
fits." If this were not so, we should find
all interior cities denouncing the ship
subsidy steal and demanding that this
country be given the right to buy
cheap ships and operate them on the
water routes. This would still further
reduce the already low water rates.
CNQCALITTED MISREPRESENTATION.
Attacks by rival ports on Portland's
commercial prestige have been of fre
quent occurrence in the past and will
probably continue in the future. It Is
something unusual, however, to note
in a Portland paper that "In point of
her dockage system Portland Is a vil
lage"; that "the inadequacy of facili
ties Is notorious and admitted," and
that "because of It, quick dispatch is
literally out of the question." We are
also informed by this disgruntled 111
bird that attempts to make lta nest un
inhabitable that "the known fact that
bonuses have often to be paid for has
tened dispatch is another arraign
ment." It is a fact -well known In
every prominent port In the world that
the average dispatch given ships In
Portland is better than in any other
Pacific Coast port. The record for
fast wheatloading made by non-union
stevedoring crews in this port nearly
a dozen years ago, has never teen
beaten, and union labor on the water
front now shows fully as good results
as are shown on Puget Sound and far
better than are attained in San Fran
cisco. The record of the vessels which have
arrived and departed with grain since
the season opened, July 1, is all that is
necessary to show the extent of the
misrepresentation of the Portland
"knocker." Exclusive of the vessels
which had arrived at Puget Sound and
Portland prior to July 1, the average
length of time in port of the sailing
vessels from Puget Sound was sixty
one days. The average in Portland
was forty-seven days. The steamer
average on Puget Sound was eighteen
and one-quarter days, and at Portland
eighteen days. The quickest dispatch
given a sailing vessel in that period
was twenty-five days, at Portland, and
forty-seven days, on Puget Sound. The
poorest dispatch was sixty-two days, in,
Portland, and ninety-three days, on
Puget Sound.
It is a peculiar line of commercial
reasoning that arrives at the conclu
sion that the payment of a "bonus" for
quick dispatch Is an "arraignment" of
the port's poor facilities. "Dispatch
money" is paid, and paid willingly, in
every port on the civilized globe. It Is
an Impossibility for a shipowner, when
chartering a vessel many thousands of
miles from a port, to determine the
exact date of her arrival. The char
terer naturally does not mass the cargo
until near the date when the ship's
charter calls for her arrival. If the
ship makes a fast passage and arrives
some days or weeks ahead of he date
called for in the charter, the owner
most willingly pays dispatch, money to
have the vessel loaded ahead of the
time called for in the charter. The
rule always works both ways, for the
charterer must pay demurrage if the
cargo is not ready when the ship's lay
days expire. No disbursement paid by
a ship is paid more willingly than dis
patch money, for it is only paid when
there Is a profit for the shipowner In
the transaction.
Facts, of course, are unnecessary in
a campaign of misrepresentation, but
It might help the cause of some of
these Portland "knockers" if they were
more familiar w'ith the reasons for
Portland's maritime prestige.
It is gratifying to note that Seattle
placed a misconstruction on the re
marks of Assistant Secretary of the
Navy Wlnthrop regarding the charter-
j ing of tonnage for bringing Govern
ment coal to the Pacinc coast, in a
letter received by the. Portland Cham
ber of Commerce Mr. Wlnthrop quite
plainly says that "ho statement was
made by me to the effect that this pol
icy would be adopted by the Navy De
partment." The plan which Seattle
desired the Government to adopt was
one which called for the return of
these colliers from Pacific Coast ports
to the Atlantic In ballast, a proceeding
which would have deprived the grain
and lumber shippers of the Pacific
Coast of a large amount of cheap ton
nage. Incidentally It would have prac
tically doubled the cost of bringing
coal out for the Government.
Centralla and Chehalis, two of the
best towns in Western Washington,
are to be Joined by an electric line.
The two cities are nearly the same
size, and with a continuation of the
growth of the past five years it is only
a question of time until It will be
somewhat difficult to determine where
Chehalis ends and Centralla begins.
The rates of the North Bank road are
effective as far north as Centralia, and
the natural outlet for the traffic in the
Centralla-Chehalis district is thus by
way of the Columbia River. Some
day, when Portland secures as good a
service to Grays Harbor and Willapa
Harbor as our position entitles us to,
Portland's business with all of that
rich country will show a big increase.
Opinion is worthless and speculation
vain In a case like that reported as
having happened In this city, wherein
everything movable about the house
was moved by an unseen force in the
presence of awe-stricken spectators in
broad daylight. The Incidents of the
case were surprising and the details
very interesting. Beyond this, little
can be said, since knowledge, based
upon the observations of cause and
effect, has no explanation to offer.
Students of occultism may well busy
themselves in such matters, but it does
not pay the ordinary individual to
give time and thought to it, and if wise
he will simply let it pass, pausing a
moment to pity the child actor in the
perplexing drama.
General Estrada has made such
good progress with his revolution that
it is reported that Don Rodolfo Espln
osa, the Nicaraguan Minister at Wash
ington, has resigned his position with
Zelaya for the purpose of accepting a
simliar berth with Estrada. In view
of past performances in . Nicaragua,
Don Rodolfo will probably regard this
country as a very good place of resi
dence until the final returns are In on
the lively contest now taking place In
his native land. A live diplomat in
America has decided advantages over
a dead patriot In Nicaragua.
Much is being made by local jour
nals of the achievements of Mrs. Har
riet Young, of West Bethlehem Town
ship, Washington County, Pennsyl
vania, aged 96 years. Mrs. Young, so
runs the record, married early, was the
mother of sixteen children and is hale
and hearty, though lacking but four
years of having completed a century
of life. She once gave birth to triplets
and three times to twins. The record
of this truly remarkable fecundity Is
somewhat marred for practical pur
poses by the statement that "five of the
sixteen children survive."
The National Woman's Christian
Temperance Union, In session at
Omaha, seriously considered a resolu
tion denouncing the singing of patri
otic songs In the public schools as det
rimental to International peace. That
convention must have been made up of
very, very old, old ladies who have for
gotten the days of their youth and the
thrill with which they sang in unison
"Three Cheers for the Red, White and
Blue," and other spirited songs.
As often as Commander Eva Booth
of the Salvation Army visits this city,
she meets with a cordial welcome.
Devout, earnest, practical, she has
pursued the work of the Salvation
Army in every' center of population in
this country and In Englnad, meeting
everywhere the most affectionate
greeting from the Army and com
manding the admiration and attention
of the general public.
If Mrs. Waymlre takes note of the
fate of Jew Nun, a cold-blooded mur
derer, she will probably regret that she
did not kill some one. It is quite ap
parent that pardons come easier for.
murderers than for such heinous
crimes as that for which Mrs. Way
mire left the state.
Congressman Hawley is reported as
"making a hit" In Southern Oregon.
In the olden days Congressman Her
mann would be satisfied with nothing
less than a strike.
Two Institutions in Salem are so
close together that bank-wreckers in the
Penitentiary can perhaps see some of
their victims In the Insane Asylum.
Dr. Cook now makes affidavit that
he climbed Mt. McKlnley. Which set
tles It, of course. But , where la his
North Pole affidavit?
New Orleans has devised the Taft
cocktail. You drink It out of a bucket.
Up in this country it (the cocktail) Is
called buttermilk.
Mr. Johnson and Mr. Jeffries will
fight some time before July 5, 1910.
Some of us will live to see it. Or read
about It,
The world is to be congratulated that
Jeff and the "black" never entered the
race for the North Pole.
The State Penitentiary may yet be
turned Into a clearing-house for some
bad bank business.
"For of such is the kingdom of
heaven." Buy tag today.
OCTOBER 30, 1909.
PROSPERITY ON SOUND BASIS,
English Editor's View of th
American Situation.
Letter of George Paish to the London
Statist,
Without going further into detail It
will be realized that the savings of this
Immense and rich country are enormous
and that they are probably greater
than 1.000,000,000,000 ($5,000,000,000,
000) a year. That is to say, the savings
of the American people are equal lo an
average of 12 (J60 a head of popula
tion, and, excluding children, to about
20 a head of population. With so
great a saving and -with so vast a sum
available for increasing the housing ac
commodation, the transportation facili
ties and the industries of the country,
it is evident that the prosperity of the
United States is built upon foundations
of a very firm and solid character and
that those persons in Europe who re
gard the prosperity as of the nature of
a soap bubble which may at any time
disappear are not likely to see their
expectations realized- An expansion in
trade of nearly 100 per cent In each i
decade Is a rate of growth which could
not possibly take place but for the
enormous supply of capital which the
country enjoys in conjunction with a
spirit of enterprise and a great desire
for efficiency.
In the present year the nation is en
couraged to save by the tempting op
portunities to invest lta new savings
to advantage. Investors have sought
especially to Invest their new savings
in the common stocks of companies of
fering the prospect of expansions in
profits and in dividends. Naturally at
such a time the holders of those stocks
were Indisposed to sell, and those who
desired to purchase them have been
obliged to pay steadily Increasing
prices lit order to secure the stocks.
It cannot be too clearly understood
that the great advance in the prices
of stocks have been brought about by
the effort of persons with savings to
invest to purchase securities which
they have believed to be attractive,
and that it has not been brought about
to any great extent by the purchases
of speculators. ,
Because of the general expectation
that the country is in for a period of
great prosperity in which the profits
of railways and of industrial "corpora
tions will be very large and because of
the wide demand ,for stocks by real
investors who look forward to a period
of good dividends, I expressed the
opinion In my cable dispatch of Fri
day, October 8, that after the existing
pressure for money is passed and there
Is no longer need for bankers to cur
tall their loans, another advance In
prices of stocks may take place.
It is true that the current prices of
certain stocks are not warranted by
the existing dividends, that they al
ready discount the probable Increase of
dividends for some time to come and
that discrimination is needed. Never
theless, there are still a number of
securities upon which the dividends
are expected to increase appreciably
and which, having regard to the prob
able dividends they are likely to re
ceive, are believed to be intrinsically
worth still higher prices.
a Gentle reminder.
No. 1 Statesmen and the Holiness of
the Will of the People.
The Dalles Optimist.
As a gentle reminder of what the No.
1 statesmen thought of the holiness of
the will of the people. It may be called
pertinent to ask what they thought of
the will of the people as expressed at the
same time as the expression for Bourne
for Senator, on the question of two ad
ditional Judges on the supreme bench?
The people oat down on the proposition
by 20.000 majority, yet the Legislature
paid no heed to that expression, but
passed a law raising the number of
Judges from three, as the constitution
expresesly provides, to five. And Mr.
Chamberlain, ha who looks with holy
horror upon any attempt to thwart the
will of the people as expressed at the
ballot box, signed the bill and promptly
appointed the two additional Judges.
The Attorney-General now says the
bill is surely unconstitutional, and pre
sumably all acus of the court, as at pres
ent constructed, are illegal.
What do the purlsta. the believers in
the holiness of the will of the people,
think about the matter? Would It have
been any worse to Ignore Mr. Bourne and
cast their ballots for the man of their
choice, Mr. Fulton, than to thwart the
will of the voters by creating these new
offices? ' , , .
And what has Senator Chamberlain to
say about his share In the transaction?
Six-Year-Olds Too louug for School.
Leonard Keeme Herschberg, M. IX, in the
Delineator.
As a matter of fact. It seems to me to
be very unwise to send a .boy or girl to
school until the age of 8 at least. In
America, 6 is the common age for begin
ning with the three Rs, and 4H the age
for kindergarten mummery, but it is ien
tirely improbable that this early start is
an advantage, even if the mere accumula
tion of knowledge be accepted as- the sole
aim of education. The child which be
gins school at 8 is far more capable of
learning quickly than the child which be
gins at S; and at 10 the former is almost
certain to know as much as the latter,
despite the fact that one has had -four
vears of schooling, while the other has
had but half as much. And after that
there will begin to appear a noticeable
difference between the two. The one will
bear some permanent mark of Its too
early bending over desk and slate; the
other will be a healthy animal.
Shaker Colony to Be Abandoned.
Lebanon. O.. Dispatch.
By the resignation of James Fenneesey.
trustee of the property owned by the
little colony of Shakers at Union Villago,
six miles east of here, the colony will
probably be abandoned and the occupants
transferred to the Methodist Home at
Norwood, Mass. Mr. Fonnessey Is the
last of the original band which settled
here in 1S10, and 111 health caused his
action. There was a movement among
the members for some time past to give
up the prosperous farms and the build
ings, as the majority of the members are
old and feeble. As they are not allowed
to marry, the only children are those that
have been adopted. The holdings of the
band are worth nearly 0,000,000. Several
large buildings In the village are included.
The Man Behind the Plow.
Wall Street Journal.
Speaking of the number of abandoned
farms In New York. Secretary of Agri
culture Wilson gives us to understand
It is not due to lack of fertility In the
soil, but lack of good men to work
them. In other words, our agricultural
prosperity depends upon the efficiency
of the men behind the plows more than
it does upon anything else.
A LoiiirfcJlow Letter Brings S3.75.
Worcester. Mass., Dispatch.
In a bold, upright hand, a letter writ
ten March 13, 18S2, by Henry W. Long
fellow at his home. In Cambridge, Mass.,
has Just been found between the pages
of an old book that formed part of a
collection of relics being sold In Brooklyn.
It was sold to John Roth, a dealer, for
3-T3.
LESS OBJECTION TO VACCINATION.
Submit to Latter aa Often as Hoqnlred
to Kill Smallpox, Sny Expert.
"Let Vm Stop Dying Before We Have To "
by Graham E. Henson. M. D., In the tVorld
Today. Dr. Henson 1 late acting awlatant
curgeon. United Slatea Army.
In years gone by there has been more
or less opposition to vaccination as a
preventive step against smallpox. It Is
a happy fact, however, that this opposi
tion is now reduced to a minimum.
In the United States, Italy arid Ger
many vaccination is in general use. In
Russia. Egypt and Brazil It Is not. With
suoh records it Is not hard to see why
opposition to yaccination is so fast dis
appearing. As an evidence of its value
as a restrictive measure'. Is the fact that
recently the Board of Health of the State
of Minnesota has considered the quaran
tine of this disease unnecessary, it being
the opinion of the authorities that an
epidemic of smallpox cannot occur In a
community where vaccination of all in
habitants is practiced. Other states in
the Union are considering the matter In
the same light, and those who have lived
where smallpox hag occurred and are
familiar wiMi the enormous expanse at
tendant upon the quarantine of those
cases, can appreciate the immense value
of vaccination as a preventive step, from
an economic viewpoint. Submit to vac
cination as often as the physician may
think it necessary. The idea that a singlo
vaccination renders one immune for a
fixed number of years is erroneous. One
Inoculation may be immunization for a
lifetime; any number may be necessary.
That the mortality' of smallpox has
been great reduced by this step is shown
In the following table:
Smallpox aa reported to the Surgeon-General,
Public Health and Marine Hospital Service,
Washington, D. C, December 28, ltfol, to
December 25, 190S
Country. Canea. Deaths.
TTnlted States 36.174 7rt
Italy 2.6.M) 4d
Germany 208 ....
KusMa 2.T38 1.274
Esypt LOSS . B4S
Braiil 13,519 S,5l'2
The possibilities in this field of pre
ventive medicine are so . large and the
benefits to be derived so immense, that it
does seem that with proper efforts from
those best fitted to carry on this cam
paign, there Is hardly a limit to what
can be accomplished. This limit at least
Is not within the reach of. the present
generation. The flpht must necessarily
be a lengthy one. and those that now en
list in the cause cannot expect to see
much more than the opening skirmish.
Not only this, but no generation in the
future can ever see the battle over and
the victory won. It has of necessity to
he a perpetual fight, and as a race we
will always live in a state of revolution,
the micro-organism being the lurking
arch enemy. This should not deter us;
it is not a matter for discouragement,
for with a working knowledge of the
tactics of the enemy, it Is possible and'
within reach' of every householder to en
ter his services in this cause and see
results. The pessimist may see none, the
optimist too many, but true actual results
will be derived, the full benefits of which
will be felt by future generations.
STATE-WIDE PROHIBITION.
It la One of the Old Questions of the
World.
Catholic Sentinel, Portland..
Oregon is to have a state-wide pro
hibition campaign next year, according
to report. Whatever the result, the
voters of Oregon may rest assured that
no great blame will attach to them If
they do 'not definitely solve the liquor
problem at once. That problem has been
with humanity a long time. A recent
book dealing with the matter says that
the brewing of ale was a skilled Indus
try in Egypt 6000 years ago; and that
4000 years ago, at least, the business ran
against the Egyptian reformer who .de
manded a reduction in the number of
ale-houses then existing in the land,
particularly in the university city of
Pelusium.
If the brewers were not so dull of
apprehension they could get rid of a
goodly share of the demand for prohibi
tion. It Is certain that much of . that
demand arises not from opposition to the
sale of liquor itself but from the manner
in which the sale is conducted. But the
brewers seem to find so much profit In
aligning themselves with gambling,
thievery, and the social evil that they
refuse to consider a modest profit and
decent sale conditions for their product.
It may be noted that the anti-liquor
forces In taking up the state-wide cam
paign have abandoned their old position.
When they were asking for the present
local option law they argued that each
community should be permitted to have
its own say with regard to its own li
quor problem, and they won on' this ar
gument. But to demand state-wide pro
hibition Is to deny the right of each
community to home rule In regard to
liquor.
The requirements of present-day Indus
try are making for temperance in the
use of intoxicants. Many concerns for
bid their employes the use of liquor at
least during working hours. The United
States Steel Corporation purposes mak
ing an interesting experiment in Fayette
County, Pennsylvania. Some 25,000 men
in that country are Interested in the
manufacture of coke. For more than a
year figures have been gathered on drink
ing among the coke workers, and It Is
found that for 72 hours after each pay
day the coke ovens do not run more than
two-third their capacity, and there is
scarcely a payday when hundreds of tons
of coke axe not ruined by inability to
get proper men to care for It In the.
ovens With a view to remedying this
condition of affairs, the steel corpora
tion is seeking possession of the nine
breweries In the county. The corpora
tion does not Intend to stop its workers
from drinking, but wants to eliminate,
their purchase of beer by the kog and
barrel.
A Leasou In Journalism.
They have the instinct of journalism at
the University of Oregon. That Is to say.
the college paper-The Oregon Emerald
has it. This Interesting paragraph Is
from its latest Issue:
The Emerald failed to report an Import
ant place of new. laat week, not because It
"a. aaleep. but bacau.e It wea requested to
So a substantially the .am. atory ap
peared the next morning In The Oreonlan
Naturally we wore disappointed. We apeaK
of th" ..r now. however, only because
. cu.1 1. .o prevalent. Th. Kmrald aa
nlrea to be more than a critical review.
People arV In the ha.blt of holding d.m
flSS 't unyi It haa lost it. value and h.n
expect It To be announced as a. sort of
".t'rlcal record. Hereatter. therefore, the
id'tor will b. th. sole Judge of what la
Dubllshed. taking advlca from no one. If
allege news is wilfully held until It. value
I. lost It will not be publiahed.
Thu Howl About Convention."
The Dalles Optimist.
Why all this howl about a convention?
Is It not true that the direct primaries
law was framed with the understanding
of the framers that we would hold party
conventions? Such was the case, and no
one disputes It. But it was found by
the Democrats that if they could pre
vent conventions they could likely defeat
us at the polls; hence Chamberlain and
Bourne. But It will be many a long year
beforo a nondescript of the Bourne sort
hoodwinks us again. He says he hopes
to succeed himself, but he has no mpre
show to do so than the cheapest tin-horn
gambler In Portland. His name Is "One
Term Bourne." Then to the boneyard
fof his.
One Who Haa Been Tested.
New Haven Courier-Journal.
Secretary of State Knox has virtually
ser-ed notice that what Is wanted In
the diplomatic service is a man who can
hold his tongue. We take this oppor
tunity to recommend to his distin
guished consideration one Harry Whit
ney, of this city.
A REPLY TO BROTHER BBOl'GHER
The Jewish Brother, aa Well n. the
Catholic Brother, Has a Retalia
tory Anawer.
Referring to Brother Broughor s re
marks about the dancers to American
Ideals and Institutions, from the immigra
tion of foreigners, mostly Jews and
Catholics, the Jewish Tribune offers a
body of pungent remarks, too long to be
reprinted entiru. yet permitting abridge
ment without loss of force and point. Wo
quote:
TheBe million, of Jews and Catholics com
ing trom Euioiw give no r-t to Hroughur.
They aro extremely bad, he complains, and
the only remedy for their becoming moral
Is to convert thorn to protectant ism. And so.
the Catholics are bud because they are not
Protestants, and the Jews because they are
not Christians and not of the Protestant
brand, and we have yet to learn which
brand of protestantism Hroucher refers to.
It seema that Urongher foiget. that the
Catholics possessed the New Testament be
fore there were any rrotestants. He lias
not learned that the Catholie -New Testa
ment contains the same moral teachings as
the Protestant Bible, and certainly. If
morality Is to be learned from l lie New
Testament. It ts not from the .tuest.on. as
to emersion, atoneinentT which lincers to
use for making the sisn of the cross, etc..
and to .ay that to become moral the Cat.io
11c. must be converted to Protestantism 1.
nonsense.
As to the Jews, It seems that Brougher
Is o Ignorant that he thinks that morality
commenced onjy with the advent of Jesus
who was Its tirst organizer and teacher.
Brougher has evidently not yet learned that
the New Testament writers have compiled
his Bible of moral teaching, pilfered from
the Jewish Bible and teaching. of the
Rabbis; and miracle!" from paganism. Cer
tainly, he has not yet heard of such person,
as Moses, Isaiah, Amos and others who nr.
known by the appelatlon of prophets, who
have taught humanity the subllmosi moral
ity, when Brougher's ancestors were mere
aavage.. He has not yet learned that these
prophet, preached In words of fire against
drunkenness, unchastity, and. In fact,
against everything Immoral. He is not yet
aware that even his Bible telLi us that hi.
divinity Jesus was n son of Jewisli parent
age and a disciple of Jewish teachers, that
all the virtues ascribed to him is the con
sequence of his Jewish life. lSrouglier re
minds us of Willlum Jennings Bryan, who
a few year, aso proclaimed to a lurce
audience In Galveston, Tex., that till toe
advent of Jesus no human belnst had tiniKht
the principle "Thou shalt love tliy nelKhhor
as thyself,' for which falsehood he wa.
called to account by Rubbl Henry Cohen, of
that city. However. Bran is not a clergy
man, he Is only a political runner, and as a
politician he ha. the privilege either to be
ignorant of the Bible or to tell falsehoods,
or both.
Such virtues a. Ignorance and falsifying
are the components of some clergymen of
the Brougher type.
Brougher should learn that the'samo Jew
ish immigrants from Europe who do not
possess such a knowledge of the lngllsh
language as he, use the languages they do
know for telling the truth, and al any time
he may sit at their feet as his divinity sal
at the feet of the Rabbis.
As a proof that Brougher Is Ignorant
even of his own Bible wo charge him to
show us any moral teaching in the New
Testament which is originnl and disprove
our statement that no moral law in the New
Testament 1. original, that those appearing
In the said Testament are pilfered from
one or another Bible of other nations, and
mostly from the Jewish Bible and the
teachings of the Rabbis. Brougher should
lose no sleep on account of the Jew.'
morality.
In concl-aston we must .ay. that Brouch
er". attack upon Catholics and Jews Is a
malicious libel; In his lecture to his au
dience he strove to sow the seed of strife
between the citizens of this country, and
proved that the spirit of Americanism la a
stranger to him.
. , I .. 4h(. ..,.
we are ioiwuiuing -..uy ...
to Brougher and await his apology to both
Catholics and Jew. for hi. maliclou. utter
ance, against them.
Ten Business Commandments.
London Tidbits.
Here ,1s a set which a well-known
Liverpool house has placed on the dk
of each of its clerks:
First Thou shalt not Walt for some
thing to turn up, but pull off thy coat
and set to work.
Second Thou shalt not go about thy
hninsa looklnir Ilka a "guy." for thy
personal appearance is thy best letter of
recommendation.
Third Thou shalt not try to make ex
cuses and rebuke those who chide thee.
Fourth Thou shalt not wait to be told
what to do.
Fifth Thou shalt rot fail to maintain
thine own Integrity, or do anything which
in .VitnA tn-n to r.rpunpn.
Sixth Thou shalt not cover another
fellow's job. nor his salary, nor the posi
tion which he has got through hard work.
Seventh Thou shalt not fail to live
within thine own Income.
Eighth Thou shalt 'not fail to blow
thine own trumpet on the proper occa
sion. Ninth Thou shalt not hesitate to say.
"No" when thou meanest "No."
Tenth Thou shalt give every man a
square deal. This is the last and greatest
commandment, and there is none like
unto It. Upon it hangs all the law and
the profits of business.
Opera by a Negro Composer.
Baltimore News.
Early next Spring Baltimore will be
visited by an organization that is well
known' in England Beacuam's Sympho
ny Orchestra. conducted by Thomas
Beacham. who will Rive a series of
operas at Her Majesty's Theater, Lon
don. In January. Among the novelUos
to be sung there w.ll be the. neero opera,
"Koanga." one of the few negro operas
ever composed. It is by Frederick
Dellus. tho English composer, who passed
a number of years In Florida wncn ho
was about 30 years old, on an orange
plantation far from any railway station.
It is said that it was here, amid the
silence, with no mutical distractluns but
the songs of those (to Bnglitilimen) un
familiar birds that cry in the swamps
of this region, and the melancholy music
of the negroes, .that he first conceived
those wonderful tonal effects that are
evident In his works. Germany was the
first country to take him up. and his
opera. "The Village Romeo," has lately
enjoyed a long and suceesisful run In
Berlin. "The Mass of Life," written for
four solo voices, chorus and orchestra,
is considered his best work.
China Beat Cook to It.
Washington Star.
It Is reported, on what authority can
not be vouched for. nor does it particu
larly matter, that Minister Wu Tins
Fang comes into the Polar controversy
with the statement that the North Pole
was discovered by a Chinaman more
than 6000 years ago.
This statement should cause no sur
prise. It was to be expected. It was
bound to come. It Mr. Wu had not said
It somebody else would. The state
ment might have come from a member
of the faculty of Chicago University.
CURRENT SMALL CHANGE.
"I de.palr of my hoy " "Has no narurnl
bent?" "Yes, that's the trouble. He a
born crooked." Cleveland Leader.
American at Oxford Say. driver, what's
that edifloe?" "Thaf. St. John s College,
m'm." "Oh. .o you have cahltges here!
Punch.
"I hear your girl has a good trade now."
"Don't .peak of It as a trade: It is a real
calling." "What I. It?" "he Is a. telephone
operator." Baltimore American.
I'm mighty sorry to hear of the death
of Bllllnstton Bondham." -ye.." replied tho
well-known lawyer. "I am too. Nobody
st.-ms to be dissatisfied with hi. will. i.hl
cago Record-Herald.
"From what I'va heard about Cuba." mid
Mrs. I.apslln. "they don't use the automobile
very much down there. A rich Cuban lines
arodnd In a sort of two-wheeled vocabulary.
Chicago Tribune.
Professor Suppose an irresistible force .en
countered an Immovable body, what would
be the result? student I don't know ex
actly, but I Imagine It would be something
like ths meeting of two rival . Arctic ex
plorers. Chicago Dally News.
"Allow me to congratulate you on jour
speech " "Don't do that." replied the
young member of the diplomatic service.
"If 1 have said anything calculated to at
tract notloe there Is no telling how much
trouble it may make me." Waahlngtua
Star, .