10
THE MORNING OREGONIAX, TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1999.
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Entered at Portland, Oregon, Postofflce a
Fecond-Class Matter.
Subscription R&tea .Invariably In adwioa.
(Br Mall )
Xally, Sunday Included, one year. ..... .$8.00
Daily, Sunday included, six months..... 4.25
Dally. Sunday Included, three months... 2.29
Tally, Sunday Included, one month..... .75
Dally, without Sunday one year 6.00
Xrally, without Sunday, six months 3.25
Dally, -without Sunday, three months... 1.75
Dally, without Sunday, one month. ..... .60
Weekly, one yar 1.50
Funday. one year 2.50
Gunday and weekly, one year. ......... 3.50
(By Carrier.)
Dally, Sunday included, one year .... 9.00
Daily, Sunday Included, one month.... .75
How to Remit Send postofflce money
order, express order or personal check on
your local bank. Stamp's, coin or currency
are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad
dress In full. Including county and state.
Postage Bates 10 to 14 pages, 1 cent; 16
to i!8 pages. 2 cents; 30 to 44 pages. 3 cents;
4-6 to tJO pages, 4 cents. Foreign postage
double rates.
Kastern Business Office The S. C Beck
wlth Special Anjency New York, rooms 48
0 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 510-512
Tribune building.
FORTXAja), TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1909.
SIGNS OF STTNRISE.
The vote of yesterday Indicates that
the people of Portland are tired of the
most excellent fopperies and fooleries
of the last few years; of the Initiative
system and the method of legislation it
has introduced; of the double double
toll and trouble of dealing in the elec
tion booth with the Irreconcilable dif
ferences between the vast number of
whimsical propositions submitted by
cranks and faddists of every degree; of
the annoyance of being called on to
consider and stand guard against irra
tional and tangled suggestions, involv
ing bosh and bosh, and then more
bosh, without end. Hence the thun
dering "No," all along the line.
The vote for Simon is a vote for re
turn to common sense. The plurality
perhaps a majority of all by which
he is elected marks the decline from
high-water mark of the crotchety pro
ceedings taken under a system of folly
that so fully sufficed for itself that it
rejected all knowledge and all experi
ence, as if this age could strike out
on the anvil a new s: stem at once, and
defy all its ancestry.
Abuse of Initiative has been rebuked.
Truth is that the people have learned,
by experience, that they do not want
the system; that it is not a rational
one; that it Is too liable to abuse; that
it Introduces the revels of a fool's
paradise.
Of sound and conservative senti
ment the Republican party of Oregon
5s the natural exponent. The troubles
that have beset it and the defeats it
has met have been due to factional
disorder, rather than to any lack of
principle. Possibly its factions may
have learned something by this time.
The vote of yesterday seems to point
that way.
Between Republicans of sound and
conservative Judgment, and Democrats
of like character, there is no difference
of any Important nature on the ques
tions or issues of the present time. The
tendency to socialistic fallacies is the
danger they must combat. It is be
coming as clear as the issue was be
tween nationalization and disintegra
tion, fifty years ago, or between the
fco-fcnd money standard and debased
monev. twenty years ago. Men will
have to toose their political company,
on this mQ issue. It will not be difficult,-
for the et of the main tide has
long been that ay.
We believe that, eccentric, fantastic
and delusive notions are tending
towards their nadir, in Oregon; and it
is high time. We have been making
a spectacle of ourselves before the
country. We have been Putting our
own affairs into confusion, and through
cross purposes of factions 4 pulling
down the pillars of the state, it is
time to quit It, and time to begin, to
upbuild. The election of yesterday la
a cheerful sign, pointing that way.
TRUST THE ITEN.
Why does the hen lose fewer eggs
In hatching than does the incubator?
This has been a deep mystery ever
since men have been trying to take
away from the henher maternal Job.
At the Oregon Agricultural College,
Professor E. F. Pernot, of the depart
ment of bacteriology, has been making
experiments which have afforded a lot
of information without solving the
mystery. Professor Pernot reaches the
conclusion that the sitting hen perhaps
'transmits to the egg an oily sub
stance that fills the pores of the shell,"
preventing entrance of destructive or
ganisms to the life content of the egg,
or that she conveys to the egg by con
tact a "certain magnetic force" that in
creases its vitality and strengthens it
to resist the preying germs which his
experiments show penetrate the egg
shell and kill the embryo. Of course,
these are but speculations on the part
of the Agricultural College professor;
he doesn't know why hen-hatched
eggs come through safer than those
hatched in the artificial foundling
asylum.
The microbes that do the deadly
work are described as "short bacilli,
with rounded ends, occurring singly
and in pairs," and with other char
acteristics that a farmer could under
Btand only by means of a scientific
lexicon. The single microbe is pro
visionally named by Professor Pernot
"bacillus No. 9," it being the only
deadly germ found among the several
varieties of microbes in the dead em
bryos. Whenever this germ gained ac
cess to the yolk of the unhatched egg
or the unabsorbed yolk of the newly
hatched chicken, the result was alwavs
fatal. The organism multiplied rap
Idly, producing deadly poisons, and the
chick succumbed to what is called tox
emia. The germ had no harmful ef
fect when Injected into the tissue of
chicks of any age.
How come the organisms into the
egg? The experiments show that they
pierce the shell, through the. pores,
and in growing in the yolk become
the specific cause of the death of the
embryo in the latter stages of de
velopment." They are transmitted to
the egg by the hands or from one egg
to another by contact. Fumigation of
incubators before the eggs are placed
in them was proved a good precaution.
Such is the scientific explanation of
the egg disease that breeds in incuba
tors. The hen possesses some un
known power, absent in the Incubator,
of holding this disease down to a mini
mum. After all, the hen knows her
Job pretty well. That Is why she pre
fers to hatch her eggs herself. Trust
the hen.
A San Francisco firm has purchased
the British ship Simla, which was
recently partially destroyed by fire at
Acsvpulco, The craft will be, Drought
to San Francisco for repairs and an
effort made to secure American regis
try. In view of the obstructions that
have been placed in the way of every
other foreign craft for which American
registry has been sought, it is not at
all probable that the new owners of
the Simla will have very plain sailing.
The Merchant Marine League, and all
other kindred organizations through
out the country, are very much in
favor of an American merchant
marine, but they have never yet failed
to oppose the natural, logical, easy
method by which every other promi
nent maritime nation on earth has
secured a merchant marine. There
has never been a better opportunity
for Americans to secure cheap ships
than during the present era of low
freights, while the list of European
dealers are crowded with rare bar
gains in shipping property. The Ameri
cans can buy these ships, but they are
denied American register for them.
OBSTRUCTION OR FACELITATION?
To all who know about and remem
ber "Old Oregon," it is an extraordi
nary thing to go from Portland and
Salem and back in three hours. Yet
that is Just what has come to pass,
through the work of the Oregon Elec
tric Railway Company. If the people
of Oregon will be reasonable in their
treatment the road of this company
will be extended from Salem still fur
ther up the valley, to Albany, Cor
vallis and Eugene; with laterals iwhere
business maw offer.
But if people are narrow and churl
ish; if they feel and fear that men
of enterprise, who have money to In
vest, will make something out of the
investment, and, therefore, should be
obstructed, they will direct the legis
lation and general policy of the state
to the end of preventing profitable or
possible returns for enterprise and in
vestment; and they who may wish to
go rapidly and quickly from one lo
cality or town to another In Oregon
can continue on in the old way. They
can foot it, mount the spavined cayuse
or yoke up the steers.
Men who come to Oregon to Invest
capital, and are willing to pay fair
and Just prices for what they get, who
wish to take away nobody's rights, but
are willing to serve communities in
a large way, if they are allowed to get
a prospect of fair returns for their
money, would better be welcomed than
repelled. That is, if Oregon wishes
to make progress. To go from Port
land and Salem and back in three
hours is a lesson. All over Oregon the
like may be done, if the people are
willing to have it done, and do not
obstruct it by initiative or other legis
lation. AS TO FOCKPO CET S.
There Is no rose without its thorn,
and no festival without its pickpockets.
The lesson of the misfortune which be
fell the young man at the door of the
Postofflce yesterday is pretty clear.
Don't carry money around with you in
a crowd. At any rate, don't carry very
much. Of course, one must not be
without the wherewithal to buy such
little nicknacks for the comfort of the
inner and the delectation of the outer
man, as he may see displayed here and
there, but J 160 is altogether too much
to expose to the deftness of the light
fingered brotherhood.
If one's money is in the bank, there
is the place to leave it until the crowd
has somewhat diminished. Oregon
crowds are proverbially virtuous, and
if we bad nobody here at the festival
but the pioneers and their descendants
and successors, it would be perfectly
safe to carry all you owned around
in a market basket and set it down on
the street corner while you fanned the
flies away from the baby's face. But,
alas, there are others here. The sin
ful East has poured forth its children,
some of whom are good, but not all,
and it is of the latter that the guileless
son of unsophisticated Oregon should
beware. For ways that are dark and
tricks that are vain, your Eastern
crook is peculiar. We are too innocent
to be up to his devious sinuosities, but
if we keep our money safely locked up
in the bank, we can sit on the Post
office steps, or anywhere else we like,
and let him rummage In our pockets
all day, if he so desires. He will be
not a whit better off for It.
SPOKANE'S COMMJCRCHX HISTORY.
Elsewhere In this paper an Olympla
correspondent askn nn. t j
questions which have a direct bearing
mo .vcicuratea sposane rate case.
The correspondent is correct in ..on
cally all of his assumptions, which are
u...,uaiimu in me closing query: "Has
not Spokane been favored at the ex
pense of the rest of the Northwest,
and is she not insistent and selfish, and
will not a further favoritism toward
Spokane result in more oppression to
the rest of the Northwest?" To this
query there can .bo hut
and that in the affirmative. This an
swer is a matter of record, in court
proceedings. In railroad tariff sheets,
and in complaints filed with the In-
- commerce Commission, and
"with the Washington nn,n.j -.
a vuw vuiu-
mlsslon.
With the evidence so plain of fav
oritism for Spokane at th.
the remainder of the Pacific North-
wo most pertinent questions are
invariably sucrerested to the t,,
the situation. One is. Why has Spo-
tnus iavored? The other is.
With the city already enjoying distinct
advantages over other cities in the Pa
cific Northwest, why has Spokane
tempted fate and an expose of her un
fair advantages by demanding more
than she already has in her favor' The
answer to the first is found in condi
tions existing more than a score of
years ago. The Northern Pacific
building westward in 1883, found Spo
kane a diminutive city with a wonder
ful water power, the largest city be
tween Helena and Portland. Develop
ment was already beginning in the
wheat fields lying west of the city, but
the chief traffic which made Spokane
a city in that early day came, not from
the east and west line of the railroad,
but rather from the mines lying north
and running up into British Columbia
and from the Coeur d'Alene Lake dis
trict and other portions of the Idaho
Panhandle.
Spokane was a convenient distribut
ing center for this north and south
business and naturally the coming of
the Northern Pacific made it the bene
ficiary of the new business that devel
oped east and west of the city. Pend
ing the building of the O. R. & N
from Portland and the coming of the
Great Northern from the East. Spo
kane enjoyed a monopoly of the field
in a much wider zone than the artifi
cially created field with which she was
afterwards favored. The Rocky Moun
tains kent Helena nut nf Yiaw fl.U
i- w. .iv 1 1 II I J HI
th east, and Portland and Puget
Sound cities "were too busy nearer
home to look after the trade of the
new field. With more railroads, how
ever, came more people and the Coast
ports with their unrivalled water
transportation soon made inroads on
what had been Spokane's exclusive
field.
While Spokane was even then en
Joying a temporary monopoly to which
she had no permanent right, the at
tempt to- remove the railroad teat from
her mouth provoked such a squeal
that, to stop the noise, the railroads
carved out that celebrated Jobbing
zone in which for 100 miles in any
direction,' Spokane enjoyed rates that,
except on a few commodities, could
not. be met by competing cities that
sought business in the same field.
This brings us to the second ques
tion as to why Spokane, in the full
enjoyment of rates that enabled her to
make greater proportionate gains than
any other jobbing city on the Pacific
Coast, should deliberately take the
risk of disturbing existing conditions
that had proved eo highly beneficial.
Here also the answer is plain. None of
the prime movers in the suit which
has resulted so disastrously for Spo
kane and has opened up the entire Pa
cific Northwest to the mail-order
houses of Chicago and other Middle
Western cities was heavily interested
In the jobbing trade, nor were they
familiar with the priceless advantages
which railroad discrimination had con
ferred on Spokane. The real whole
salers who had built up the enormous
trad enjoyed by Spokane were all
bitterly opposed to the suit, under
standing as they did that they were al
ready receiving favors to which they
were not entitled.
POWER AT SEA.
The Oregonian fully agrees with Ad
miral Sebree, who commands the Pa
cific Ocean fleet of the United States,
that we ought to have a strong Navy.
It is the only guarantee of security
and peace. But when he says that
since we build our battleships at home
and pay out our money to our own
people we lose nothing, we can't agree
with him; because this is an unnatural
process, and it dissipates capital, which
might otherwise toe accumulated for
support of permanent industry.
The waste of preparation for war is
a real waste. For when money is put
into undertakings or enterprises that
cannot reproduce anything, there is
inevitable loss. Yet defense is to be
considered. Without preparation for
defense there may be infinitely greater
loss.
This is an old subject, never dealt
with better than by Whately, in his
notes on Bacon's Essays. "What mis
leads not a few," he says, "as to the
costliness of war, or the preparation
for it, is that they see the expenditure
go to our own fellow-subjects. People
thus bring themselves to fancy that
the country does not sustain any loss at
all. The. fallacy consists in not per
ceiving that, though the labor of mak
ing arms and ships and paying sol
diers and sailors is not unproductive to
those thus employed, it is unproductive
to the whole of us, because it leaves no
valuable results."
This is a sound remark; and yet it
remains that the heavy expenditure
for armaments, when necessary for de
fense of our Just risrhts and i
is not to be accounted a waste, anv
more than the cost of bolts and locks
to keep out thieves. Cost of main
taining preparedness for war is the
same kind of waste incurred th
the necessity of maintaining a police
lorce. ii is necessary; but in one
sense it doesn't pay.- Tet in another
sense it does pay, and indeed is abso
lutely necessary.
But Admiral Sebree can't be expect
ed to look at the Question from alt
sides. Enough for him if he looks at
it from the side or from the stni-
point of a defender of his country.
.nere he is wholly riurht. Power nr
is absolutely necessary for a nation like
ours, whose territory extends ncT-naa a
continent and borders on two oceans.
THE ROSE FESTIVAL.
In all the panoply of Summer
beauty, bloom and fragrance, and with
proper display of civic pride, the third
annual Rose Festival was opened in
this city at noon yesterday. The
Queen of Flowers has here her king
dom the queen, in regal dress, de
signed, perfumed, colored and tinted
by the unerring hand of Nature her
self. No doorvard too nhRmira rt en
tertain her most gracious majesty
none too aristocratic for her train. If
any one entertained a doubt before of
Portland's right to ' the title of the
Rose City, that doubt will be dis
pelled by the gorgeous pageants of
which the rose is the ubiquitous queen.
"Even Solomon in all his glory was
not arrayed like one of these," and
there were and are literally millions
of them. Wrought into many a quaint
device In decoration, full bloom, half
bloom or in bud, upon thousands of
bushes; in all shades of red, all tints
of pink and all hues of yellow, and in
white, pure or etched with rozy pink
or delicate carmine sure no queen
could be more daintily or more gor
geously arrayed.
A sweet, precious, glorious ruler is
Queen Rose. Every loyal citizen of
Portland delights, upon this occa
sion, to do her homage, perfectly cer
tain that nowhere else ' outside of
Persian gardens is she so profuse in
her favors, so daintily fashioned or so
beautifully arrayed.
CANADA'S BOGIE MAS,
We think it was in the comic opera
"Pinafore" that Gilbert and Sullivan
provided the hero. Sir Joseph Porter
K. C. B., with an attendant whose duty
it was to sneeze whenever Sir Joseph
took snuff. Perhaps in dutiful Canada,
old England has a similar attendant
who is now carrying out royal orders
by sneezing as a result of the snuff that
England has taken. In no other man
ner can we account for the fear said to
have been expressed in Canada over
the presence on the Great Lakes of a
small fleet of American cruisers. It
has been known throughout the world
for many months, that Great Britain
has oeen "seeln' things" -with a vision
more sadly distorted than that of the
victims of delirium tremens. With her
decaying aristocracy, her increasing
horde of paupers and criminals, and
enormous drain on her resources for
war purposes, together with the In
creasing haughtiness of some of her
near neighbors, there may be some ex
cuse for the feeling of fear that reached
its culminating shiver with the appear
ance of "An Englishman's Home"
which might appropriately be termed
a British "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
But lusty, vigorous Canada, with the
bloom of youth on her brow and no
chips on her shoulder, has no more
t reason for being frightened or dis
turbed over the appearance of Ameri
can warships on the Great Lakes than
an American trust would have for fear
ing injury rrom tariff revision. If the
United States had any sinister designs
on Canada, it would be impossible to
carry them out without at the same
time engaging in war with Great
Britain. We could not steal the chick
until the old hen was out of the way.
Canada may, some day, become a por
tion of the United States, but the an
nexation will be accomplished without
wasting any coal in sending warships
into the lakes to fight for the prize.
We are already witnessing a more
peaceful and equally powerful method
for eliminating the boundary line.
Good American citizens by hundreds
and thousands have been rushing
across the Canadian border for many
years and are "Americanizing" the
country so rapidly that it is only
a question of time until the peaceful
ballot will accomplish the desired end
much more satisfactorily than the bul
lets or battleship broadsides. Not only
is there a large and rapidly increasing
American colony in Canada who will
laugh at the fears of the old Can
adians, but there is also a progressive
element that was born and bred in
Canada and that has never been par
ticularly fond of sneezing whenever
England took snuff.
The Breathitt " County, Kentucky,
feud is again to the front. When
Judge Hargis, king of the feudists,
was killed by his drunken son, and
the son was sent to the penitentiary, it
was hoped that white-winged peace
would have a chance to straighten out
her feathers. There is nothing doing
In the peace line in Breathitt County,
however, and Edward Callahan, who
was one of the chief killers under the
Hargis regime, was fatally shot from
ambush yesterday. The immediate
cause for the tragedy Is said to be a
dispute over the. management of a
church, which Callahan built and of
which he was a deacon. Most of the
killings with which Callahan has been
connected in the past have been the
result of political differences, but this
latest tragedy would Indicate that poli
tics and the church have something In
common in Kentucky as well as in
other parts of the country.
The Russian Douma has again
demonstrated that it has' full power
to secure any legislation that the
Council of the Empire regards as fa
vorable. And the Council of the Em
pire, Just to show the Douma how far
it can go in any matter of importance,
has restored to the naval budget an
appropriation of $1, 700, 000, which the
Douma rejected. The Council of the
Empire, which, in reality, is the aris
tocracy that pulls the strings moving
the puppet Czar, wants the money for
the purpose of beginning work on some
new battleships. Admiral Birlleff, ex
Minister of Marine, advocates the sale
of the old vessels of the navy which
are declared to have become useless.
The Douma might also be dispensed
with for the same reason.
The usual thing in the erotic tragedy
was reversed a fewdays ago in Auburn,
Cal., when a lovelorn young girl shot
and killed a young man who refused
to marry her. She did not carry out
the regular programme by turning the
gun upon herself, and further displayed
her ignorance of detail of th nitn aw-
of erotic murder by hiding herself, in
stead oi me Doay of the victim. Fur
ther evidence that she was "out of her
Bphere" was given when, upon being
discovered, she acknnvlniiroH thn nn
ing, told simply its cause and made
no iemi at insanity. .
Evangelist Dan Shannon, in his fare
well Sunday sermon at Hood River, Is
said to have scored soundly the peo
ple of the apple town, the press and
the Officials as trrn ft or a an A -maeno-
les. Since the collections taken up for
proclaiming salvation "free" had, dur
ing nm stay, aggregated $1000, he may
bo said to have committed that un
seemly breach of courtesy described as
"looking a gift horse in the mouth."
Now if M TCl 1 si V er-
uvu.u 1 1 3 JCt.
suaded Mr. Albee and Mr. Munly to
go into that justly celebrated scheme
of drawing straws to see who should be
the opposition Mayoralty candidate,
and then for the winner to nvw Dtranr.
with Mr. Simon to determine who
snouid be Mayor, results might have
been different. Or possibly they might
not have been.
The Portland hotel guest is now free
to exercise his historic prerogative of
going direct from the hotel lobby to
the bar-room, and he doesn't need to
climb over back fences or go through
subterranean passages to reach his
goal. This is the news that will go out
after defeat of the McKenna ordi
nance. ,
Portland has learned to say No. See
returns on the initiative measures.
Perhaps it would be well enough now
to submit the initiative itself again to
the popular will. For evidently there
Is a popular will and it doesn't always
express itself as the reformer and agi
tator desires or expects.
- There has been a real campaign of
education on the Gothenburg ordi
nance. Portland has learned how
they do it in Gothenburg, which seems
to be reason enough for not doing it
in Portland.
The Gothenburg ordinance has
hauled off to the political boneyard for
an indefinite stay. What great scheme
will MP, Crofton and Mr. McAllister,
reformet's, collaborate on next?
The vote yesterday was light; but
the result shows that neonle nr tiT-oi
of the bunco game. Had a full vote
oeen pouea tne expression would have
been more emphatic still.
Now Brother Albee and Brother
Nottingham and Brother Mcnnciror
will see what a wise gazabe Brother
Kellaher was when he withdrew.
. The high-water prophets are wrone-.
as usual. But it's no matter. Nobodv
has paid much attention to them this
year, or ever will again-
Now it will be observed that the
Scripture again is fulfilled. The scep
ter has not departed from Israel.
Four more weeks of Mamr t
Only four. But four weeks may seem
a long time to some people.
One Jack Matthews, it is understood,
is filled with extreme disgust.
The people rule, all right, all right.
Banzail -
MEDICAL EXPERTS IX DISREPUTE
Commercialization of Scientific Kaonl-
cdjee tke Bane of Our Courts.
Judge at Clearwater in North Ameri
can Review.
Both In England and America the
existing method Justly has been the
subject, of severe criticism by the
courts and the public, and attempts
have been made to remedy it by Par
liament and the Legislatures of some
of the states. 'As a rule, these have
failed because of the opposition of law
yers and physicians of secondary rank
in both professions. The evils of the
present system may thus be summar
ized: 1. There are no satisfactory stand
ards of expertness, and thus the tes
timony of the charlatans is invited.
2. The character of the evidence of
ten given by so-called experts is parti
san and unreliable;
3. Trials are prolonged and their ex
pense is Increased on account of the
number of witnesses;
4. The contradictory testimony of ex
perts of apparently equal standing,
having the same opportunities for ac
quiring knqwledge of the facts, has a
confusing effect upon juries;
5. Unprincipled self-styled experts
are sometimes unscrupulously hired to
support causes by specious and un
truthful testimony;
6. Some trial Judges are prone to
permit incompetent so-called experts
to testify to opinions predicated upon
widely unrelated facts, and to express
views which are but the speculative
vagaries of ill-informed minds,'
7. The expert must depend for com
pensation solely upon the litigant for
whom he testifies;
8. The litigant who has the longest
purse can produce the most imposing
array of experts;
9. The bench sometimes permits the
bar to treat the accomplished and mod
est expert with studied contempt;
10. Some trial judges are disposed
to convert important trials into spec
tacular dramas which not infrequently
descend to comedy and degenerate into
farce, with the result that the admin
istration of justice is degraded.
Theoretically, an expert is a scientist
solely interested in facts, who should
retain absolute freedom of judgment
and liberty of speech which it is al
most impossible to do where his emolu
ment entirely depends upon the good
graces of an employer. It Is evident
that the commercializing of scientific
knowledge, where the compensation
for its acquisition and expression de
pends entirely upon the extent to which
it contributes to the success of a liti
gant, lessens its accuracy and value.
The opening years of the 20th century
witness an enormous development of
and market for special knowledge. Con
troversy among experts thus becomes
almost inevitable, especially under con
ditions where they lease their opinions,
usually at a large price, to aggrieved
and aggressive parties who may profit,
either fairly or unfairly, by the doubts
which, they are deliberately employed
to inject into the case. The increase
In wealth, the multiplication of the
wants of modern civilization, the colos
sal character of the Interests daily
requiring the arbitrament of courts of
justice have resulted, therefore, in the
gravest abuses in the introduction of
expert, especially medical expert, tes
timony in testamentary and criminal
causes, until it has come commonly to
be believed that such witnesses are
so biased that hardly any weight should
be given to their opinions. As was
recently said by the court of last re
sort in a New England state: "If there
be any kind of testimony that not
only Is of no value at all, but even
worse than that, it is that of the med
ical expert;" and by the Supreme Court
of the United States: "Experience has
shown that opinions of persons pro
fessing to be medical experts may be
obtained to support any view."
The expert witness, to be free from
embarrassment of any personal rela
tions to or with the parties to an ac
tion, should have no client to serve
and no partisan interests or opinions to
vindicate. He should give his polnlon
as the advocate neither of another
nor of himself. When he speaks, he
should speak judicially, as the repre
sentative of the special branch of sci
ence which he professes, governed by
the opinions of the great body of au
thorities In that branch, and in ac
cord with the result of their most re
cent investigations. When this is done,
and not until it is done shall we have
expert testimony rescued from the dis
repute into which it has fallen. By
the adoption of some such system the
mature Judgment of the best minds
could be obtained, and the superficial
opinions of quacks and mountebanks
would not be thrust upon the jury to
their confusion and the hindrance of
justice.
OREGON SURVIVORS OF CIVIL, WAR
IVext Reunion in Convention With the
O. A. R. to Be Held at Aotorln.
TURNER,- Or., June 5. (To the Edi
tor.) Oregon enlisted one regiment
of cavalry and one of infantry, a total
of 1810 men, during the Civil War. It
Is supposed that 500 of these men are
yet living, but are scattered over the
world. A few of the survivors get to
gether annually and hold a reunion in
conjunction with the state encampment
of the O. A. R-
The First "Oregon Cavalry and In
fantry Veterans' Association held its
eighth annual reunion at Corvallls on
June 2. Among those present were:
H. C. McTimmonds, John J. Nye, Henry
Gurber, J. M. Shelley, A. T. Drisco,
Amos Klsor, William Howell, Titus
Ranney, T. J. Fryer, C. B- Starr, Will
iam Morgan, Thomas Crowley, J. E.
Henkle, of Company A, infantry; Cy
rus H. Walker, E. A. Jackson, B in
fantry; W. A. King, D. R. Hubbard, C
Infantry; A. W. Powers, D infantry;
George A. Harding, E infantry; W. H.
Klum, John Denny, D. E. Junkin, W.
M. Hilleary, A Cole, Norman L. Lee, T.
T. Roach, W. H. Averill, company F
infantry; S. E. Brlstow, H infantry; C.
B. Montague, D. M. Morris, company B
cavalry, J. R. K. Irvin, W. H. Byars,
A cavalry; J. T. Apperson, E cavalry;
W. Downing, C cavalry; B. M. Donacae,
C infantry.
Papers giving reminiscences of the
service were read by E. A. Jackson and
the secretary. Thirty letters from ab
sent members were read.
The next reunion will be held at As
toria in 1910, during the session of
State Encampment of G. A. R.
Officers for the ensuing year are: J.
T. Apperson, president. Park Place,
Or.; William Hilleary, secretary. Tur
ner, Or.; vice-president, C. H. Walker,
Albany, Or.; A. Q. M., J. M. Shelley,
Eugene, Or.
W. M. HILLEARY.
The Russian Tetrazztnl for Boston.
Paris Dispatch.
Henry Russell, the director of the Bos
ton opera company, announces that he
has Just engaged the Russian light so
prana, Mme. Lipkowska, known as the
Russian Tetrazzini, who made recently
her debut in Paris with a Russian com
pany at the Chatelet Theater. Mme.
Lipkowska will make her first appearance
in the United States at the Boston Opera
House November 15, singing later at the
Metropolitan in New York. Other singers
whom Mr. Russell has engaged in com
mon with the Metropolitan opera are
Mme. Alda, Mile. Alice Nielson, Mme.
Norla and Slgnor Plglcorsi.
Departmental Store Ha Is Dead.
Camden CN. J.) Dispatch.
The hen owned by Mrs. William Apple
gate of Red Bank, N. J., which has pro
duced 100 eggs a month, is dead. A week
ago the fowl stopped laying, and it ie
believed her failure to keep up her rec-
ord resulted in a broken heart.
STEADY INCREASE IN PENSION ROLLS
ZTJL BjJnl1::" 7"' Mark, While Surfvor. Tw.e,
Their Bencacinric. Incrce, Snccnlnttvo rMprnre. for the Next 30 Year.
New York Times.
REFERENCE is made on each recur
ring Memorial day to '"the dwindling
ranks of the veterans of the Civil War,"
and it is probably the belief of the aver
age citizen that the pension list is also
dwindling, but, as a matter of fact, it
maintained a pretty even keel for a
decade up to the last fiscal year, when
Jf fleures BU(Jdenly soared upward. All
this tine the number of survivors of the
war has been decreasing. That the pen sion
list has not yet reached "high-water"
mr 13 adrnitted by pension experts.
Tbe amount disbursed in pensions for
the fiscal year which ended on June 30
1908. was 1153,093.086, which was $16,000,000
more than the amount disbursed for the
preceding fiscal year. It was the largest
single amount ever disbursed within any
one year with the exception of the fiscal
year ended in 1893. when $156,906,637 was
paid out by the Government in pensions.
It is probable that the figures for the cur
rent fiscal year will exceed those for the
preceding year.
Exact figures as to the total number of
survivors of the Civil War are Impossible
to obtain. The pension rolls will not
show them, because there are thousands
of survivors entitled to pensions who are
not receiving them, and the membership
figures of the Grand Army of the Repub
lic are not a fair basis of computation,
because the Grand Army includes in its
membership, roughly speaking, only about
one-third of the survivors of the war.
The only basis for a reasonably accu
rate statement is a memorandum pre
pared with a great deal of care in 1S90
for the guidance of the House committee
on pensions under the direction of the
present Adjutant-General of the Army.
F. C. Alnsworth, who was at that time
engaged in the task of systematizing the
records in the Pension Office. Included
in this memorandum is a table, based on
the "expectation of life" tables used by
the Insurance companies, showing the
probable number of survivors on June 30
of each year until none shall remain.
The basic figures used in the prepara
tion of this table were the records of the
War Department, In so far as they had
been codified, showing the approximate
number of men who served in the Union
Army during the war. It would have re
quired years of labor to have ascertained,
from a iiearrh f th. i . i
- . ........ w . . , Liit uiuiiuer
or men of different agf.s who enlisted, so
a general average had to be struck
General Alnsworth's figures showed that
2.138,948 individual soldiers served in the
war. The probable number of individual
soldiers who were alive at the termina
tion of service he placed at 1,652,173. He
placed the number of seamen and
marines alive at thn
vice at 75.180.
The table showing the "probable" num
ber of survivors from 1890 to 1945, the
year In which they are expected to disap
pear entirely, is as follows:
Sur-
Sur
vivors. .858,002
.820,687
.782,72!
Year -rivors. v
1890 1,285.471
1891 -1 fi-l or
1904
1905
190R
189S 1,236,076
1893 1,209,963
1.182,889
1895 1.164.810
1898 1.125.725
1897 1.095,628
1898 .1,064.524
1907 .'744,196
1,908 JT05,197
1909 665,832
1910 626,231
1915 429,727
1920 251.727
DEATH PREDICTED FOR AERONAUT
Scientist Says tlfe Couldn't Exist 10
Mllesj Toward Mara.
New Torlc Herald.
Experienced aeronauts are discussing
with much interest the recently an
nounced plans of Professor David N.
Todd, of Amherst College, to make a
balloon ascension of 10 miles In his
project to establish communication
with the planet Mars. Professor Todd
expects to make the daring flight in
September, and Leo Stevens, of New
York:, Is now constructing a large bal
loon of special design to be used in the
scientific work. '
Men who have devoted their lives to
ballooning say it has always been re
garded as impossible for a man-carrying
balloon to reach anything like
an altitude of 10 miles, and even if the
balloon would rise to that point,
the atmosphere would not sustain hu
man life.
There are at present no authentic
records of the highest altitudes reached
by balloons, and It is hoped that Pro
fessor Todd's experiments, if they do
nothing more, will Inspire new interest
on both sides of the Atlantic and open
the way for important scientific dis
coveries. Aeronauts say that at a certain at
titude the air becomes so thin and light
that a hydrogen-filled balloon carrying
the necessary weight of a basket and
a man win no longer rise; therefore
to rise above that point becomes im
possible. The weight of the air on
the earth is one and two-tenth ounces
to the cubic foot. At three and one
half miles from the earth it weighs
only six-tenths of an ounce a cubic
foot, and it has been figured out that
at 10 miles the weight of the atmos
phere would be less than 15-100 of an
ounce to the cubic foot, and that a
balloon carrying more than the weight
of the gas envelope could never reach
that point.
"It'sj Different Now."
Baker Herald.
In his speech at the opening of the
Seattle fair, James J. Hill again ex
hibited the good common sense that
he was born with. He said we are an
extravagant 1 people, all of which is
true, and he called to mind the splendid
result that would follow if there was
more law-enforcement and less law
making, a fact that cannot be dis
puted. Just think for a moment what a lot
of statutes the state of Oregon has.
It is bewildering. A law for every
thing under the sun from inspecting
a barber shop to regulating the action
of the sun's rays, and how few of those
laws are enforced. To pass a law and
not enforce it is worse than to have
no law. It is. a bad example. Teach
the child that it is all right to break
one law and he will often feel that
there is little crime attached to break
ing another. Follow' the teaching of
James J. Hill and the Western states
will develop faster, there will be fewer
criminals and the enormous waste
in time and energy will in a measure
be curtailed.
But this generation will never fol
low the Hill idea. We have passed
that point. Living in boarding houses
and hotels, traveling in automobiles,
petting Spitz dogs and all that kind
of business is foreign to Jim Hill, who
believes in toil, honorable toll that
tires the body and rests the mind.
Chicken Snake Terror for Rats.
Mount Vernon Cor. Indianapolis News.
Rigdon Johnson, a farmer living near
New Harmony, has a rat exterminator
which he says beats a whole pack of
rat dogs. Mr. Johnson's rat extermi
nator is a chicken snake about six
feet long, and it has taken refuge in
the barn and granaries of the farm.
All the year it wages incessant war on
the rats and mice about the place, and
as a result of the .snake's strict atten
tion to business Mr. Johnson says he
hasn't a rat. or mouse on his 260 acres
of land. He says he never has any
corn eaten by . rata He has given in
structions to members of his family
.not to Injure or molest the snake in
any way, and intends to allow it to
make its home on his farm as long as
it cares' to remain. A chicken snake
is not a thing of beauty and appears
to be a vicious reptile. It is a black
Bnake with white spots covering the
back.
-t"
1S99 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1.032.41RI19I5 117S
999.33911930 S?033
965.313 1935 i-96
930.SS01940 340
894.5S51945 7 0
above figures are purely spefu-
but thev an h ...
The
latlve.
experts to come as near to the exact te
ures as it is possible to come in comptt
lng the number of survivors. Taking he
iur one nscal year, for instanei
that of 1907 and comparing them win
the Pension Office
numoer or survivors receiving pensions.it
is found that there Is
difference in M-
VOr of the "snrrnlnf!vi" twi... . ci e
This -would seem to represent those ii
,J,U13 wno, eitner Decause of prosperous
circumsta.nr.f-s nr fm nfimAn.i .
have never applied for pensions. I
n-n analysis or pension figures revet
the imDortant fot that t.n.. . 1 1
- ..... . J W UUi 1U1IUV
any regular progression from year to yeai
Their fluctuations are extremely irregulal
The total amount of disbursements up k
"uai year ended June 30. 1908, rl
malned at a comparatively even averan
each year from 1894. Figures showini
the detailed amounts paid to both survlvl
ors and widows are available at preserl
only up to the end of the fiscal year a
1906-7. The following table shows thi
disbursements from 1890 up to the present
time : I
Total Tis-
Burvlvors. Widows, bursementi
Year
1R90
1S91 ....
1893
1Z2.290 1106.093. 85H
. ..536.821
139.339 117.312.69S
172.826 139.394.141
206.306 156,906.631
215.162 139.986.72
219.068 139.812.294
222.164 13S.220.70i
228.522 139.949.711
235.203 144.651.871
237.415 13S.365.0sj
241.019 138.462. 1:D
249. 0S6 138.531.4-n
260. 00S 137.S04.2fir
267.189 137,759. 6f-8
27J.841 141.093.571
280.680 141.142.861
284,488 139.000.2SS
S93 759.706
1894 754.382
1S95 751,456
1896 748.614
1897 747.492
1898 758,611
1899 754.104
1900 762.510
1901 748.649
1902 739.443
ll3 729.35
1SU4 ..720,9
1
717
761
1906 . 7ni 11?
1907 679!937
287,434 138,165.412
The figures for the fiscal vinr nt) Tun
30, 1908. are not availnhle in rtotuii
but as has been
mentioned
before, the
total amount of disbursements
reached
tne nign mart or $163,093,086.
It will be noticed that there Is a slight
decrease in the number of actual surviv
ors on the pension lists, but that a steadv
general average has been maintained in
the disbursements which rave now taken
an upward trend, and which will prob
ably continue to do so for several years
to come.
The pension drain on the National poek
etbook will continue to be a heavy one for
another decade at least, regardless of the
"dwindling ranks" of the survivors of the
war. The total amounts paid out to date
by the United States Government since
its foundation are as follows:
War of the Revolution, .
(estimate) $ 70,000,000.00
War of 1812 (service pen-
, Ion) 45.694.665.24
Indian wars (service pen
sion) 9,355,711 03
War with Mexico (service
.pf.n"J'.on, 40,876,879.10
Civil Wat- $3,633.593. 025.95
War with Spain and insur
rection In the Philippine
Islands 22.563.635.41
Reg-ular establishment 12.630 947 38
Unclassed 16,393.945.35
Total ; ..3, 751,108, 809 96
WHY DOES SPOKA5B COMPtAHl "
Remarkable Case of a Railroad Pet
Turning- Against the Railroads.
OLTMPIA, Wash., June 6. (To the Ed
itor.) I am frankly puzzled about the
Interstate Commerce decision on the
Spokane rate case, and wish The Ore
gonian would set me right. I believe
I am correct in stating that, aside
from water power, the City of Spokane
has not one natural resource, and that,
until very recent yers when the val
ley cast of Spokane. was irrigated, the
territory for 30 miles or more about.
Spokane produced relatively nothing.
So situated that city haa grown ijr
leaps and bounds. Spokane papers an
nually report that every jobber in that
city has increased his year's business
10, 15, 0, 40 per cent; an average per
centage of Increase probably equaled
by no other jobbing center in the world.
Against this we are told Spokane for
years has been victimized and robbed
by discriminatory freight rates exacted
against that city by the railroads. Spo
kane Is an inland city, remote from
navigable water, whose sole means of
transportation are these "discrimina
tory" roads.
Spokane's early industries were flur
mills. This flour was manufactured
from wheat grown in the Palouse
country, grown 40, 50 or 60 miles south.
How was it that wheat could be hauled
this distance to Spokane and then over
the mountains to the Coast to sell at
the seaport in competition with wheat
that took the shorter water-haul route
down the O. R. & N. to Portland mills?
Was the "mllling-in-translt" rate given
Spokane one of the discriminations
against that city? What product of tbe
vast Inland Empire would today natur
ally move through Spokane en route to
market, did that city not exist? Is It
not a fact that the growth of that city
has followed an unnatural diversion of
the route of freight from its cheaper
and natural course of travel? Why
should not the men who built and oper
ated railroads share relatively in the
prosperity of their patrons? If one
puts his money in railroads, why is hs
not equally entitled to profit as ha
who bought business realty in Portland
or engaged in jobbing trade at Spo
kane? The consumer pays the freight. Spo
kane papers frequently report whera
this or that purchaser of an orchard
or wheat farm in one crop alone pays
for his entire investment. What rail
road ever makes a tithe of such re
turn? Freight rates are relative. The
only basis fair alike to road and patron
is one where each shares proportion
ately in the prosperity of the district
served. Where, in cases like that of
Spokane, the railroad really makes the
city, how can it be rates are oppres
sively high where there is such pros
perity of patrons and when the rates
are admittedly lower, for instance, than
at Pullman, which is the immediate
center of a territory rich in natural
resources, or of Yakima and other
points.
Why does Spokane ask lower rates
from the East because of shorter haul,
yet oppose lower rates than ' she gets
from Eastern points to points farther
east, such as Kallspell, Montana, where
the haul Is much shorter? Actu
ally has not Spokane been favored at
the expense of the rest of the North
west, aud is she not inconsistent and
selfish, and will not a further favorit
ism toward Spokane result in more op
pression to the rest of the Northwest?
. IWANTONO.
"Bwank Tombo."
Josh Wink, in Baltimore Americas
Hurrah for Bwana Tumbo!
The greatest hunter known.
For e'en the fame of Nimrod
As hunter is o'erthrown.
As Big Chief in the White HouM,
He potted trusts so slick.
Caug-ht fakes and mollycoddles
And such, with his Bis Stick.
He chased prevaricators, 0
And brought them down In xlocfcw
And to Club Ananias
He sent them with hard knocks.
He hunted down rebaters.
And never on them lagged, -
While Congressmen and small game
He by the bushel bagged.
And now he's shooting lions.
So speaking, on the wing.
And rhinos fierce and hippos.
Yea. e'en an unknown thins;.
Oh, he's a mighty Nimrod,
Forever feeling fit:
Hurrah for Bwana Tumbo!
He's most distinctly "1X1