10 THE MORNING OREGONIAX, TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1999. PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland, Oregon, Postofflce a Fecond-Class Matter. Subscription R&tea .Invariably In adwioa. (Br Mall ) Xally, Sunday Included, one year. ..... .$8.00 Daily, Sunday included, six months..... 4.25 Dally. Sunday Included, three months... 2.29 Tally, Sunday Included, one month..... .75 Dally, without Sunday one year 6.00 Xrally, without Sunday, six months 3.25 Dally, -without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Dally, without Sunday, one month. ..... .60 Weekly, one yar 1.50 Funday. one year 2.50 Gunday and weekly, one year. ......... 3.50 (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday included, one year .... 9.00 Daily, Sunday Included, one month.... .75 How to Remit Send postofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamp's, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad dress In full. Including county and state. Postage Bates 10 to 14 pages, 1 cent; 16 to i!8 pages. 2 cents; 30 to 44 pages. 3 cents; 4-6 to tJO pages, 4 cents. Foreign postage double rates. Kastern Business Office The S. C Beck wlth Special Anjency New York, rooms 48 0 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 510-512 Tribune building. FORTXAja), TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1909. SIGNS OF STTNRISE. The vote of yesterday Indicates that the people of Portland are tired of the most excellent fopperies and fooleries of the last few years; of the Initiative system and the method of legislation it has introduced; of the double double toll and trouble of dealing in the elec tion booth with the Irreconcilable dif ferences between the vast number of whimsical propositions submitted by cranks and faddists of every degree; of the annoyance of being called on to consider and stand guard against irra tional and tangled suggestions, involv ing bosh and bosh, and then more bosh, without end. Hence the thun dering "No," all along the line. The vote for Simon is a vote for re turn to common sense. The plurality perhaps a majority of all by which he is elected marks the decline from high-water mark of the crotchety pro ceedings taken under a system of folly that so fully sufficed for itself that it rejected all knowledge and all experi ence, as if this age could strike out on the anvil a new s: stem at once, and defy all its ancestry. Abuse of Initiative has been rebuked. Truth is that the people have learned, by experience, that they do not want the system; that it is not a rational one; that it Is too liable to abuse; that it Introduces the revels of a fool's paradise. Of sound and conservative senti ment the Republican party of Oregon 5s the natural exponent. The troubles that have beset it and the defeats it has met have been due to factional disorder, rather than to any lack of principle. Possibly its factions may have learned something by this time. The vote of yesterday seems to point that way. Between Republicans of sound and conservative Judgment, and Democrats of like character, there is no difference of any Important nature on the ques tions or issues of the present time. The tendency to socialistic fallacies is the danger they must combat. It is be coming as clear as the issue was be tween nationalization and disintegra tion, fifty years ago, or between the fco-fcnd money standard and debased monev. twenty years ago. Men will have to toose their political company, on this mQ issue. It will not be difficult,- for the et of the main tide has long been that ay. We believe that, eccentric, fantastic and delusive notions are tending towards their nadir, in Oregon; and it is high time. We have been making a spectacle of ourselves before the country. We have been Putting our own affairs into confusion, and through cross purposes of factions 4 pulling down the pillars of the state, it is time to quit It, and time to begin, to upbuild. The election of yesterday la a cheerful sign, pointing that way. TRUST THE ITEN. Why does the hen lose fewer eggs In hatching than does the incubator? This has been a deep mystery ever since men have been trying to take away from the henher maternal Job. At the Oregon Agricultural College, Professor E. F. Pernot, of the depart ment of bacteriology, has been making experiments which have afforded a lot of information without solving the mystery. Professor Pernot reaches the conclusion that the sitting hen perhaps 'transmits to the egg an oily sub stance that fills the pores of the shell," preventing entrance of destructive or ganisms to the life content of the egg, or that she conveys to the egg by con tact a "certain magnetic force" that in creases its vitality and strengthens it to resist the preying germs which his experiments show penetrate the egg shell and kill the embryo. Of course, these are but speculations on the part of the Agricultural College professor; he doesn't know why hen-hatched eggs come through safer than those hatched in the artificial foundling asylum. The microbes that do the deadly work are described as "short bacilli, with rounded ends, occurring singly and in pairs," and with other char acteristics that a farmer could under Btand only by means of a scientific lexicon. The single microbe is pro visionally named by Professor Pernot "bacillus No. 9," it being the only deadly germ found among the several varieties of microbes in the dead em bryos. Whenever this germ gained ac cess to the yolk of the unhatched egg or the unabsorbed yolk of the newly hatched chicken, the result was alwavs fatal. The organism multiplied rap Idly, producing deadly poisons, and the chick succumbed to what is called tox emia. The germ had no harmful ef fect when Injected into the tissue of chicks of any age. How come the organisms into the egg? The experiments show that they pierce the shell, through the. pores, and in growing in the yolk become the specific cause of the death of the embryo in the latter stages of de velopment." They are transmitted to the egg by the hands or from one egg to another by contact. Fumigation of incubators before the eggs are placed in them was proved a good precaution. Such is the scientific explanation of the egg disease that breeds in incuba tors. The hen possesses some un known power, absent in the Incubator, of holding this disease down to a mini mum. After all, the hen knows her Job pretty well. That Is why she pre fers to hatch her eggs herself. Trust the hen. A San Francisco firm has purchased the British ship Simla, which was recently partially destroyed by fire at Acsvpulco, The craft will be, Drought to San Francisco for repairs and an effort made to secure American regis try. In view of the obstructions that have been placed in the way of every other foreign craft for which American registry has been sought, it is not at all probable that the new owners of the Simla will have very plain sailing. The Merchant Marine League, and all other kindred organizations through out the country, are very much in favor of an American merchant marine, but they have never yet failed to oppose the natural, logical, easy method by which every other promi nent maritime nation on earth has secured a merchant marine. There has never been a better opportunity for Americans to secure cheap ships than during the present era of low freights, while the list of European dealers are crowded with rare bar gains in shipping property. The Ameri cans can buy these ships, but they are denied American register for them. OBSTRUCTION OR FACELITATION? To all who know about and remem ber "Old Oregon," it is an extraordi nary thing to go from Portland and Salem and back in three hours. Yet that is Just what has come to pass, through the work of the Oregon Elec tric Railway Company. If the people of Oregon will be reasonable in their treatment the road of this company will be extended from Salem still fur ther up the valley, to Albany, Cor vallis and Eugene; with laterals iwhere business maw offer. But if people are narrow and churl ish; if they feel and fear that men of enterprise, who have money to In vest, will make something out of the investment, and, therefore, should be obstructed, they will direct the legis lation and general policy of the state to the end of preventing profitable or possible returns for enterprise and in vestment; and they who may wish to go rapidly and quickly from one lo cality or town to another In Oregon can continue on in the old way. They can foot it, mount the spavined cayuse or yoke up the steers. Men who come to Oregon to Invest capital, and are willing to pay fair and Just prices for what they get, who wish to take away nobody's rights, but are willing to serve communities in a large way, if they are allowed to get a prospect of fair returns for their money, would better be welcomed than repelled. That is, if Oregon wishes to make progress. To go from Port land and Salem and back in three hours is a lesson. All over Oregon the like may be done, if the people are willing to have it done, and do not obstruct it by initiative or other legis lation. AS TO FOCKPO CET S. There Is no rose without its thorn, and no festival without its pickpockets. The lesson of the misfortune which be fell the young man at the door of the Postofflce yesterday is pretty clear. Don't carry money around with you in a crowd. At any rate, don't carry very much. Of course, one must not be without the wherewithal to buy such little nicknacks for the comfort of the inner and the delectation of the outer man, as he may see displayed here and there, but J 160 is altogether too much to expose to the deftness of the light fingered brotherhood. If one's money is in the bank, there is the place to leave it until the crowd has somewhat diminished. Oregon crowds are proverbially virtuous, and if we bad nobody here at the festival but the pioneers and their descendants and successors, it would be perfectly safe to carry all you owned around in a market basket and set it down on the street corner while you fanned the flies away from the baby's face. But, alas, there are others here. The sin ful East has poured forth its children, some of whom are good, but not all, and it is of the latter that the guileless son of unsophisticated Oregon should beware. For ways that are dark and tricks that are vain, your Eastern crook is peculiar. We are too innocent to be up to his devious sinuosities, but if we keep our money safely locked up in the bank, we can sit on the Post office steps, or anywhere else we like, and let him rummage In our pockets all day, if he so desires. He will be not a whit better off for It. SPOKANE'S COMMJCRCHX HISTORY. Elsewhere In this paper an Olympla correspondent askn nn. t j questions which have a direct bearing mo .vcicuratea sposane rate case. The correspondent is correct in ..on cally all of his assumptions, which are u...,uaiimu in me closing query: "Has not Spokane been favored at the ex pense of the rest of the Northwest, and is she not insistent and selfish, and will not a further favoritism toward Spokane result in more oppression to the rest of the Northwest?" To this query there can .bo hut and that in the affirmative. This an swer is a matter of record, in court proceedings. In railroad tariff sheets, and in complaints filed with the In- - commerce Commission, and "with the Washington nn,n.j -. a vuw vuiu- mlsslon. With the evidence so plain of fav oritism for Spokane at th. the remainder of the Pacific North- wo most pertinent questions are invariably sucrerested to the t,, the situation. One is. Why has Spo- tnus iavored? The other is. With the city already enjoying distinct advantages over other cities in the Pa cific Northwest, why has Spokane tempted fate and an expose of her un fair advantages by demanding more than she already has in her favor' The answer to the first is found in condi tions existing more than a score of years ago. The Northern Pacific building westward in 1883, found Spo kane a diminutive city with a wonder ful water power, the largest city be tween Helena and Portland. Develop ment was already beginning in the wheat fields lying west of the city, but the chief traffic which made Spokane a city in that early day came, not from the east and west line of the railroad, but rather from the mines lying north and running up into British Columbia and from the Coeur d'Alene Lake dis trict and other portions of the Idaho Panhandle. Spokane was a convenient distribut ing center for this north and south business and naturally the coming of the Northern Pacific made it the bene ficiary of the new business that devel oped east and west of the city. Pend ing the building of the O. R. & N from Portland and the coming of the Great Northern from the East. Spo kane enjoyed a monopoly of the field in a much wider zone than the artifi cially created field with which she was afterwards favored. The Rocky Moun tains kent Helena nut nf Yiaw fl.U i- w. .iv 1 1 II I J HI th east, and Portland and Puget Sound cities "were too busy nearer home to look after the trade of the new field. With more railroads, how ever, came more people and the Coast ports with their unrivalled water transportation soon made inroads on what had been Spokane's exclusive field. While Spokane was even then en Joying a temporary monopoly to which she had no permanent right, the at tempt to- remove the railroad teat from her mouth provoked such a squeal that, to stop the noise, the railroads carved out that celebrated Jobbing zone in which for 100 miles in any direction,' Spokane enjoyed rates that, except on a few commodities, could not. be met by competing cities that sought business in the same field. This brings us to the second ques tion as to why Spokane, in the full enjoyment of rates that enabled her to make greater proportionate gains than any other jobbing city on the Pacific Coast, should deliberately take the risk of disturbing existing conditions that had proved eo highly beneficial. Here also the answer is plain. None of the prime movers in the suit which has resulted so disastrously for Spo kane and has opened up the entire Pa cific Northwest to the mail-order houses of Chicago and other Middle Western cities was heavily interested In the jobbing trade, nor were they familiar with the priceless advantages which railroad discrimination had con ferred on Spokane. The real whole salers who had built up the enormous trad enjoyed by Spokane were all bitterly opposed to the suit, under standing as they did that they were al ready receiving favors to which they were not entitled. POWER AT SEA. The Oregonian fully agrees with Ad miral Sebree, who commands the Pa cific Ocean fleet of the United States, that we ought to have a strong Navy. It is the only guarantee of security and peace. But when he says that since we build our battleships at home and pay out our money to our own people we lose nothing, we can't agree with him; because this is an unnatural process, and it dissipates capital, which might otherwise toe accumulated for support of permanent industry. The waste of preparation for war is a real waste. For when money is put into undertakings or enterprises that cannot reproduce anything, there is inevitable loss. Yet defense is to be considered. Without preparation for defense there may be infinitely greater loss. This is an old subject, never dealt with better than by Whately, in his notes on Bacon's Essays. "What mis leads not a few," he says, "as to the costliness of war, or the preparation for it, is that they see the expenditure go to our own fellow-subjects. People thus bring themselves to fancy that the country does not sustain any loss at all. The. fallacy consists in not per ceiving that, though the labor of mak ing arms and ships and paying sol diers and sailors is not unproductive to those thus employed, it is unproductive to the whole of us, because it leaves no valuable results." This is a sound remark; and yet it remains that the heavy expenditure for armaments, when necessary for de fense of our Just risrhts and i is not to be accounted a waste, anv more than the cost of bolts and locks to keep out thieves. Cost of main taining preparedness for war is the same kind of waste incurred th the necessity of maintaining a police lorce. ii is necessary; but in one sense it doesn't pay.- Tet in another sense it does pay, and indeed is abso lutely necessary. But Admiral Sebree can't be expect ed to look at the Question from alt sides. Enough for him if he looks at it from the side or from the stni- point of a defender of his country. .nere he is wholly riurht. Power nr is absolutely necessary for a nation like ours, whose territory extends ncT-naa a continent and borders on two oceans. THE ROSE FESTIVAL. In all the panoply of Summer beauty, bloom and fragrance, and with proper display of civic pride, the third annual Rose Festival was opened in this city at noon yesterday. The Queen of Flowers has here her king dom the queen, in regal dress, de signed, perfumed, colored and tinted by the unerring hand of Nature her self. No doorvard too nhRmira rt en tertain her most gracious majesty none too aristocratic for her train. If any one entertained a doubt before of Portland's right to ' the title of the Rose City, that doubt will be dis pelled by the gorgeous pageants of which the rose is the ubiquitous queen. "Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these," and there were and are literally millions of them. Wrought into many a quaint device In decoration, full bloom, half bloom or in bud, upon thousands of bushes; in all shades of red, all tints of pink and all hues of yellow, and in white, pure or etched with rozy pink or delicate carmine sure no queen could be more daintily or more gor geously arrayed. A sweet, precious, glorious ruler is Queen Rose. Every loyal citizen of Portland delights, upon this occa sion, to do her homage, perfectly cer tain that nowhere else ' outside of Persian gardens is she so profuse in her favors, so daintily fashioned or so beautifully arrayed. CANADA'S BOGIE MAS, We think it was in the comic opera "Pinafore" that Gilbert and Sullivan provided the hero. Sir Joseph Porter K. C. B., with an attendant whose duty it was to sneeze whenever Sir Joseph took snuff. Perhaps in dutiful Canada, old England has a similar attendant who is now carrying out royal orders by sneezing as a result of the snuff that England has taken. In no other man ner can we account for the fear said to have been expressed in Canada over the presence on the Great Lakes of a small fleet of American cruisers. It has been known throughout the world for many months, that Great Britain has oeen "seeln' things" -with a vision more sadly distorted than that of the victims of delirium tremens. With her decaying aristocracy, her increasing horde of paupers and criminals, and enormous drain on her resources for war purposes, together with the In creasing haughtiness of some of her near neighbors, there may be some ex cuse for the feeling of fear that reached its culminating shiver with the appear ance of "An Englishman's Home" which might appropriately be termed a British "Uncle Tom's Cabin." But lusty, vigorous Canada, with the bloom of youth on her brow and no chips on her shoulder, has no more t reason for being frightened or dis turbed over the appearance of Ameri can warships on the Great Lakes than an American trust would have for fear ing injury rrom tariff revision. If the United States had any sinister designs on Canada, it would be impossible to carry them out without at the same time engaging in war with Great Britain. We could not steal the chick until the old hen was out of the way. Canada may, some day, become a por tion of the United States, but the an nexation will be accomplished without wasting any coal in sending warships into the lakes to fight for the prize. We are already witnessing a more peaceful and equally powerful method for eliminating the boundary line. Good American citizens by hundreds and thousands have been rushing across the Canadian border for many years and are "Americanizing" the country so rapidly that it is only a question of time until the peaceful ballot will accomplish the desired end much more satisfactorily than the bul lets or battleship broadsides. Not only is there a large and rapidly increasing American colony in Canada who will laugh at the fears of the old Can adians, but there is also a progressive element that was born and bred in Canada and that has never been par ticularly fond of sneezing whenever England took snuff. The Breathitt " County, Kentucky, feud is again to the front. When Judge Hargis, king of the feudists, was killed by his drunken son, and the son was sent to the penitentiary, it was hoped that white-winged peace would have a chance to straighten out her feathers. There is nothing doing In the peace line in Breathitt County, however, and Edward Callahan, who was one of the chief killers under the Hargis regime, was fatally shot from ambush yesterday. The immediate cause for the tragedy Is said to be a dispute over the. management of a church, which Callahan built and of which he was a deacon. Most of the killings with which Callahan has been connected in the past have been the result of political differences, but this latest tragedy would Indicate that poli tics and the church have something In common in Kentucky as well as in other parts of the country. The Russian Douma has again demonstrated that it has' full power to secure any legislation that the Council of the Empire regards as fa vorable. And the Council of the Em pire, Just to show the Douma how far it can go in any matter of importance, has restored to the naval budget an appropriation of $1, 700, 000, which the Douma rejected. The Council of the Empire, which, in reality, is the aris tocracy that pulls the strings moving the puppet Czar, wants the money for the purpose of beginning work on some new battleships. Admiral Birlleff, ex Minister of Marine, advocates the sale of the old vessels of the navy which are declared to have become useless. The Douma might also be dispensed with for the same reason. The usual thing in the erotic tragedy was reversed a fewdays ago in Auburn, Cal., when a lovelorn young girl shot and killed a young man who refused to marry her. She did not carry out the regular programme by turning the gun upon herself, and further displayed her ignorance of detail of th nitn aw- of erotic murder by hiding herself, in stead oi me Doay of the victim. Fur ther evidence that she was "out of her Bphere" was given when, upon being discovered, she acknnvlniiroH thn nn ing, told simply its cause and made no iemi at insanity. . Evangelist Dan Shannon, in his fare well Sunday sermon at Hood River, Is said to have scored soundly the peo ple of the apple town, the press and the Officials as trrn ft or a an A -maeno- les. Since the collections taken up for proclaiming salvation "free" had, dur ing nm stay, aggregated $1000, he may bo said to have committed that un seemly breach of courtesy described as "looking a gift horse in the mouth." Now if M TCl 1 si V er- uvu.u 1 1 3 JCt. suaded Mr. Albee and Mr. Munly to go into that justly celebrated scheme of drawing straws to see who should be the opposition Mayoralty candidate, and then for the winner to nvw Dtranr. with Mr. Simon to determine who snouid be Mayor, results might have been different. Or possibly they might not have been. The Portland hotel guest is now free to exercise his historic prerogative of going direct from the hotel lobby to the bar-room, and he doesn't need to climb over back fences or go through subterranean passages to reach his goal. This is the news that will go out after defeat of the McKenna ordi nance. , Portland has learned to say No. See returns on the initiative measures. Perhaps it would be well enough now to submit the initiative itself again to the popular will. For evidently there Is a popular will and it doesn't always express itself as the reformer and agi tator desires or expects. - There has been a real campaign of education on the Gothenburg ordi nance. Portland has learned how they do it in Gothenburg, which seems to be reason enough for not doing it in Portland. The Gothenburg ordinance has hauled off to the political boneyard for an indefinite stay. What great scheme will MP, Crofton and Mr. McAllister, reformet's, collaborate on next? The vote yesterday was light; but the result shows that neonle nr tiT-oi of the bunco game. Had a full vote oeen pouea tne expression would have been more emphatic still. Now Brother Albee and Brother Nottingham and Brother Mcnnciror will see what a wise gazabe Brother Kellaher was when he withdrew. . The high-water prophets are wrone-. as usual. But it's no matter. Nobodv has paid much attention to them this year, or ever will again- Now it will be observed that the Scripture again is fulfilled. The scep ter has not departed from Israel. Four more weeks of Mamr t Only four. But four weeks may seem a long time to some people. One Jack Matthews, it is understood, is filled with extreme disgust. The people rule, all right, all right. Banzail - MEDICAL EXPERTS IX DISREPUTE Commercialization of Scientific Kaonl- cdjee tke Bane of Our Courts. Judge at Clearwater in North Ameri can Review. Both In England and America the existing method Justly has been the subject, of severe criticism by the courts and the public, and attempts have been made to remedy it by Par liament and the Legislatures of some of the states. 'As a rule, these have failed because of the opposition of law yers and physicians of secondary rank in both professions. The evils of the present system may thus be summar ized: 1. There are no satisfactory stand ards of expertness, and thus the tes timony of the charlatans is invited. 2. The character of the evidence of ten given by so-called experts is parti san and unreliable; 3. Trials are prolonged and their ex pense is Increased on account of the number of witnesses; 4. The contradictory testimony of ex perts of apparently equal standing, having the same opportunities for ac quiring knqwledge of the facts, has a confusing effect upon juries; 5. Unprincipled self-styled experts are sometimes unscrupulously hired to support causes by specious and un truthful testimony; 6. Some trial Judges are prone to permit incompetent so-called experts to testify to opinions predicated upon widely unrelated facts, and to express views which are but the speculative vagaries of ill-informed minds,' 7. The expert must depend for com pensation solely upon the litigant for whom he testifies; 8. The litigant who has the longest purse can produce the most imposing array of experts; 9. The bench sometimes permits the bar to treat the accomplished and mod est expert with studied contempt; 10. Some trial judges are disposed to convert important trials into spec tacular dramas which not infrequently descend to comedy and degenerate into farce, with the result that the admin istration of justice is degraded. Theoretically, an expert is a scientist solely interested in facts, who should retain absolute freedom of judgment and liberty of speech which it is al most impossible to do where his emolu ment entirely depends upon the good graces of an employer. It Is evident that the commercializing of scientific knowledge, where the compensation for its acquisition and expression de pends entirely upon the extent to which it contributes to the success of a liti gant, lessens its accuracy and value. The opening years of the 20th century witness an enormous development of and market for special knowledge. Con troversy among experts thus becomes almost inevitable, especially under con ditions where they lease their opinions, usually at a large price, to aggrieved and aggressive parties who may profit, either fairly or unfairly, by the doubts which, they are deliberately employed to inject into the case. The increase In wealth, the multiplication of the wants of modern civilization, the colos sal character of the Interests daily requiring the arbitrament of courts of justice have resulted, therefore, in the gravest abuses in the introduction of expert, especially medical expert, tes timony in testamentary and criminal causes, until it has come commonly to be believed that such witnesses are so biased that hardly any weight should be given to their opinions. As was recently said by the court of last re sort in a New England state: "If there be any kind of testimony that not only Is of no value at all, but even worse than that, it is that of the med ical expert;" and by the Supreme Court of the United States: "Experience has shown that opinions of persons pro fessing to be medical experts may be obtained to support any view." The expert witness, to be free from embarrassment of any personal rela tions to or with the parties to an ac tion, should have no client to serve and no partisan interests or opinions to vindicate. He should give his polnlon as the advocate neither of another nor of himself. When he speaks, he should speak judicially, as the repre sentative of the special branch of sci ence which he professes, governed by the opinions of the great body of au thorities In that branch, and in ac cord with the result of their most re cent investigations. When this is done, and not until it is done shall we have expert testimony rescued from the dis repute into which it has fallen. By the adoption of some such system the mature Judgment of the best minds could be obtained, and the superficial opinions of quacks and mountebanks would not be thrust upon the jury to their confusion and the hindrance of justice. OREGON SURVIVORS OF CIVIL, WAR IVext Reunion in Convention With the O. A. R. to Be Held at Aotorln. TURNER,- Or., June 5. (To the Edi tor.) Oregon enlisted one regiment of cavalry and one of infantry, a total of 1810 men, during the Civil War. It Is supposed that 500 of these men are yet living, but are scattered over the world. A few of the survivors get to gether annually and hold a reunion in conjunction with the state encampment of the O. A. R- The First "Oregon Cavalry and In fantry Veterans' Association held its eighth annual reunion at Corvallls on June 2. Among those present were: H. C. McTimmonds, John J. Nye, Henry Gurber, J. M. Shelley, A. T. Drisco, Amos Klsor, William Howell, Titus Ranney, T. J. Fryer, C. B- Starr, Will iam Morgan, Thomas Crowley, J. E. Henkle, of Company A, infantry; Cy rus H. Walker, E. A. Jackson, B in fantry; W. A. King, D. R. Hubbard, C Infantry; A. W. Powers, D infantry; George A. Harding, E infantry; W. H. Klum, John Denny, D. E. Junkin, W. M. Hilleary, A Cole, Norman L. Lee, T. T. Roach, W. H. Averill, company F infantry; S. E. Brlstow, H infantry; C. B. Montague, D. M. Morris, company B cavalry, J. R. K. Irvin, W. H. Byars, A cavalry; J. T. Apperson, E cavalry; W. Downing, C cavalry; B. M. Donacae, C infantry. Papers giving reminiscences of the service were read by E. A. Jackson and the secretary. Thirty letters from ab sent members were read. The next reunion will be held at As toria in 1910, during the session of State Encampment of G. A. R. Officers for the ensuing year are: J. T. Apperson, president. Park Place, Or.; William Hilleary, secretary. Tur ner, Or.; vice-president, C. H. Walker, Albany, Or.; A. Q. M., J. M. Shelley, Eugene, Or. W. M. HILLEARY. The Russian Tetrazztnl for Boston. Paris Dispatch. Henry Russell, the director of the Bos ton opera company, announces that he has Just engaged the Russian light so prana, Mme. Lipkowska, known as the Russian Tetrazzini, who made recently her debut in Paris with a Russian com pany at the Chatelet Theater. Mme. Lipkowska will make her first appearance in the United States at the Boston Opera House November 15, singing later at the Metropolitan in New York. Other singers whom Mr. Russell has engaged in com mon with the Metropolitan opera are Mme. Alda, Mile. Alice Nielson, Mme. Norla and Slgnor Plglcorsi. Departmental Store Ha Is Dead. Camden CN. J.) Dispatch. The hen owned by Mrs. William Apple gate of Red Bank, N. J., which has pro duced 100 eggs a month, is dead. A week ago the fowl stopped laying, and it ie believed her failure to keep up her rec- ord resulted in a broken heart. STEADY INCREASE IN PENSION ROLLS ZTJL BjJnl1::" 7"' Mark, While Surfvor. Tw.e, Their Bencacinric. Incrce, Snccnlnttvo rMprnre. for the Next 30 Year. New York Times. REFERENCE is made on each recur ring Memorial day to '"the dwindling ranks of the veterans of the Civil War," and it is probably the belief of the aver age citizen that the pension list is also dwindling, but, as a matter of fact, it maintained a pretty even keel for a decade up to the last fiscal year, when Jf fleures BU(Jdenly soared upward. All this tine the number of survivors of the war has been decreasing. That the pen sion list has not yet reached "high-water" mr 13 adrnitted by pension experts. Tbe amount disbursed in pensions for the fiscal year which ended on June 30 1908. was 1153,093.086, which was $16,000,000 more than the amount disbursed for the preceding fiscal year. It was the largest single amount ever disbursed within any one year with the exception of the fiscal year ended in 1893. when $156,906,637 was paid out by the Government in pensions. It is probable that the figures for the cur rent fiscal year will exceed those for the preceding year. Exact figures as to the total number of survivors of the Civil War are Impossible to obtain. The pension rolls will not show them, because there are thousands of survivors entitled to pensions who are not receiving them, and the membership figures of the Grand Army of the Repub lic are not a fair basis of computation, because the Grand Army includes in its membership, roughly speaking, only about one-third of the survivors of the war. The only basis for a reasonably accu rate statement is a memorandum pre pared with a great deal of care in 1S90 for the guidance of the House committee on pensions under the direction of the present Adjutant-General of the Army. F. C. Alnsworth, who was at that time engaged in the task of systematizing the records in the Pension Office. Included in this memorandum is a table, based on the "expectation of life" tables used by the Insurance companies, showing the probable number of survivors on June 30 of each year until none shall remain. The basic figures used in the prepara tion of this table were the records of the War Department, In so far as they had been codified, showing the approximate number of men who served in the Union Army during the war. It would have re quired years of labor to have ascertained, from a iiearrh f th. i . i - . ........ w . . , Liit uiuiiuer or men of different agf.s who enlisted, so a general average had to be struck General Alnsworth's figures showed that 2.138,948 individual soldiers served in the war. The probable number of individual soldiers who were alive at the termina tion of service he placed at 1,652,173. He placed the number of seamen and marines alive at thn vice at 75.180. The table showing the "probable" num ber of survivors from 1890 to 1945, the year In which they are expected to disap pear entirely, is as follows: Sur- Sur vivors. .858,002 .820,687 .782,72! Year -rivors. v 1890 1,285.471 1891 -1 fi-l or 1904 1905 190R 189S 1,236,076 1893 1,209,963 1.182,889 1895 1.164.810 1898 1.125.725 1897 1.095,628 1898 .1,064.524 1907 .'744,196 1,908 JT05,197 1909 665,832 1910 626,231 1915 429,727 1920 251.727 DEATH PREDICTED FOR AERONAUT Scientist Says tlfe Couldn't Exist 10 Mllesj Toward Mara. New Torlc Herald. Experienced aeronauts are discussing with much interest the recently an nounced plans of Professor David N. Todd, of Amherst College, to make a balloon ascension of 10 miles In his project to establish communication with the planet Mars. Professor Todd expects to make the daring flight in September, and Leo Stevens, of New York:, Is now constructing a large bal loon of special design to be used in the scientific work. ' Men who have devoted their lives to ballooning say it has always been re garded as impossible for a man-carrying balloon to reach anything like an altitude of 10 miles, and even if the balloon would rise to that point, the atmosphere would not sustain hu man life. There are at present no authentic records of the highest altitudes reached by balloons, and It is hoped that Pro fessor Todd's experiments, if they do nothing more, will Inspire new interest on both sides of the Atlantic and open the way for important scientific dis coveries. Aeronauts say that at a certain at titude the air becomes so thin and light that a hydrogen-filled balloon carrying the necessary weight of a basket and a man win no longer rise; therefore to rise above that point becomes im possible. The weight of the air on the earth is one and two-tenth ounces to the cubic foot. At three and one half miles from the earth it weighs only six-tenths of an ounce a cubic foot, and it has been figured out that at 10 miles the weight of the atmos phere would be less than 15-100 of an ounce to the cubic foot, and that a balloon carrying more than the weight of the gas envelope could never reach that point. "It'sj Different Now." Baker Herald. In his speech at the opening of the Seattle fair, James J. Hill again ex hibited the good common sense that he was born with. He said we are an extravagant 1 people, all of which is true, and he called to mind the splendid result that would follow if there was more law-enforcement and less law making, a fact that cannot be dis puted. Just think for a moment what a lot of statutes the state of Oregon has. It is bewildering. A law for every thing under the sun from inspecting a barber shop to regulating the action of the sun's rays, and how few of those laws are enforced. To pass a law and not enforce it is worse than to have no law. It is. a bad example. Teach the child that it is all right to break one law and he will often feel that there is little crime attached to break ing another. Follow' the teaching of James J. Hill and the Western states will develop faster, there will be fewer criminals and the enormous waste in time and energy will in a measure be curtailed. But this generation will never fol low the Hill idea. We have passed that point. Living in boarding houses and hotels, traveling in automobiles, petting Spitz dogs and all that kind of business is foreign to Jim Hill, who believes in toil, honorable toll that tires the body and rests the mind. Chicken Snake Terror for Rats. Mount Vernon Cor. Indianapolis News. Rigdon Johnson, a farmer living near New Harmony, has a rat exterminator which he says beats a whole pack of rat dogs. Mr. Johnson's rat extermi nator is a chicken snake about six feet long, and it has taken refuge in the barn and granaries of the farm. All the year it wages incessant war on the rats and mice about the place, and as a result of the .snake's strict atten tion to business Mr. Johnson says he hasn't a rat. or mouse on his 260 acres of land. He says he never has any corn eaten by . rata He has given in structions to members of his family .not to Injure or molest the snake in any way, and intends to allow it to make its home on his farm as long as it cares' to remain. A chicken snake is not a thing of beauty and appears to be a vicious reptile. It is a black Bnake with white spots covering the back. -t" 1S99 . 1900 . 1901 . 1902 . 1903 . 1.032.41RI19I5 117S 999.33911930 S?033 965.313 1935 i-96 930.SS01940 340 894.5S51945 7 0 above figures are purely spefu- but thev an h ... The latlve. experts to come as near to the exact te ures as it is possible to come in comptt lng the number of survivors. Taking he iur one nscal year, for instanei that of 1907 and comparing them win the Pension Office numoer or survivors receiving pensions.it is found that there Is difference in M- VOr of the "snrrnlnf!vi" twi... . ci e This -would seem to represent those ii ,J,U13 wno, eitner Decause of prosperous circumsta.nr.f-s nr fm nfimAn.i . have never applied for pensions. I n-n analysis or pension figures revet the imDortant fot that t.n.. . 1 1 - ..... . J W UUi 1U1IUV any regular progression from year to yeai Their fluctuations are extremely irregulal The total amount of disbursements up k "uai year ended June 30. 1908, rl malned at a comparatively even averan each year from 1894. Figures showini the detailed amounts paid to both survlvl ors and widows are available at preserl only up to the end of the fiscal year a 1906-7. The following table shows thi disbursements from 1890 up to the present time : I Total Tis- Burvlvors. Widows, bursementi Year 1R90 1S91 .... 1893 1Z2.290 1106.093. 85H . ..536.821 139.339 117.312.69S 172.826 139.394.141 206.306 156,906.631 215.162 139.986.72 219.068 139.812.294 222.164 13S.220.70i 228.522 139.949.711 235.203 144.651.871 237.415 13S.365.0sj 241.019 138.462. 1:D 249. 0S6 138.531.4-n 260. 00S 137.S04.2fir 267.189 137,759. 6f-8 27J.841 141.093.571 280.680 141.142.861 284,488 139.000.2SS S93 759.706 1894 754.382 1S95 751,456 1896 748.614 1897 747.492 1898 758,611 1899 754.104 1900 762.510 1901 748.649 1902 739.443 ll3 729.35 1SU4 ..720,9 1 717 761 1906 . 7ni 11? 1907 679!937 287,434 138,165.412 The figures for the fiscal vinr nt) Tun 30, 1908. are not availnhle in rtotuii but as has been mentioned before, the total amount of disbursements reached tne nign mart or $163,093,086. It will be noticed that there Is a slight decrease in the number of actual surviv ors on the pension lists, but that a steadv general average has been maintained in the disbursements which rave now taken an upward trend, and which will prob ably continue to do so for several years to come. The pension drain on the National poek etbook will continue to be a heavy one for another decade at least, regardless of the "dwindling ranks" of the survivors of the war. The total amounts paid out to date by the United States Government since its foundation are as follows: War of the Revolution, . (estimate) $ 70,000,000.00 War of 1812 (service pen- , Ion) 45.694.665.24 Indian wars (service pen sion) 9,355,711 03 War with Mexico (service .pf.n"J'.on, 40,876,879.10 Civil Wat- $3,633.593. 025.95 War with Spain and insur rection In the Philippine Islands 22.563.635.41 Reg-ular establishment 12.630 947 38 Unclassed 16,393.945.35 Total ; ..3, 751,108, 809 96 WHY DOES SPOKA5B COMPtAHl " Remarkable Case of a Railroad Pet Turning- Against the Railroads. OLTMPIA, Wash., June 6. (To the Ed itor.) I am frankly puzzled about the Interstate Commerce decision on the Spokane rate case, and wish The Ore gonian would set me right. I believe I am correct in stating that, aside from water power, the City of Spokane has not one natural resource, and that, until very recent yers when the val ley cast of Spokane. was irrigated, the territory for 30 miles or more about. Spokane produced relatively nothing. So situated that city haa grown ijr leaps and bounds. Spokane papers an nually report that every jobber in that city has increased his year's business 10, 15, 0, 40 per cent; an average per centage of Increase probably equaled by no other jobbing center in the world. Against this we are told Spokane for years has been victimized and robbed by discriminatory freight rates exacted against that city by the railroads. Spo kane Is an inland city, remote from navigable water, whose sole means of transportation are these "discrimina tory" roads. Spokane's early industries were flur mills. This flour was manufactured from wheat grown in the Palouse country, grown 40, 50 or 60 miles south. How was it that wheat could be hauled this distance to Spokane and then over the mountains to the Coast to sell at the seaport in competition with wheat that took the shorter water-haul route down the O. R. & N. to Portland mills? Was the "mllling-in-translt" rate given Spokane one of the discriminations against that city? What product of tbe vast Inland Empire would today natur ally move through Spokane en route to market, did that city not exist? Is It not a fact that the growth of that city has followed an unnatural diversion of the route of freight from its cheaper and natural course of travel? Why should not the men who built and oper ated railroads share relatively in the prosperity of their patrons? If one puts his money in railroads, why is hs not equally entitled to profit as ha who bought business realty in Portland or engaged in jobbing trade at Spo kane? The consumer pays the freight. Spo kane papers frequently report whera this or that purchaser of an orchard or wheat farm in one crop alone pays for his entire investment. What rail road ever makes a tithe of such re turn? Freight rates are relative. The only basis fair alike to road and patron is one where each shares proportion ately in the prosperity of the district served. Where, in cases like that of Spokane, the railroad really makes the city, how can it be rates are oppres sively high where there is such pros perity of patrons and when the rates are admittedly lower, for instance, than at Pullman, which is the immediate center of a territory rich in natural resources, or of Yakima and other points. Why does Spokane ask lower rates from the East because of shorter haul, yet oppose lower rates than ' she gets from Eastern points to points farther east, such as Kallspell, Montana, where the haul Is much shorter? Actu ally has not Spokane been favored at the expense of the rest of the North west, aud is she not inconsistent and selfish, and will not a further favorit ism toward Spokane result in more op pression to the rest of the Northwest? . IWANTONO. "Bwank Tombo." Josh Wink, in Baltimore Americas Hurrah for Bwana Tumbo! The greatest hunter known. For e'en the fame of Nimrod As hunter is o'erthrown. As Big Chief in the White HouM, He potted trusts so slick. Caug-ht fakes and mollycoddles And such, with his Bis Stick. He chased prevaricators, 0 And brought them down In xlocfcw And to Club Ananias He sent them with hard knocks. He hunted down rebaters. And never on them lagged, - While Congressmen and small game He by the bushel bagged. And now he's shooting lions. So speaking, on the wing. And rhinos fierce and hippos. Yea. e'en an unknown thins;. Oh, he's a mighty Nimrod, Forever feeling fit: Hurrah for Bwana Tumbo! He's most distinctly "1X1