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PORTLAXD, MONDAY. MARCH 89. 1009.
KROM EAST TO WEST.
New York will take note of her
third centenary in September next,
yet will not employ the common ex
pedient of an Exposition, or World's
Fair. But there will be a celebration,
under literary . and historical aus
pices, rwhlch will fix for a day the at
tention of the world.
To one now viewing New York it
appears Incredible that it is but three
centuries since Henry Hudson, the
English explorer, on his third voyage
under the patronage of Dutch mer
chants, entered the harbor of New
York and dropped anchor not far
from the spot where the Goddess of
Liberty stands today. Such changes
have been wrought nowhere else -in
the world within any three centuries
since the appearance of man upon the
earth. Moreover, the greater part of
this stupendous change has taken
place In much less than one hundred
years. The next marvel in compari
son with it has been the rise of the
City of Chicago.
Now York needs no Exposition. She
is an Exposition herself, the year
round, and from year to year, and
would be in fact belittled by any for
mal attempt to celebrate her great
ness. .
The original meaning of the word
celebrate" is a close signification and
description of her daily existence. It
means (of people) to assemble in a
crowd, to. press together in great
numbers. o'r multitudes, to frequent
a place in crowds for a purpose, etc.
Everybody goes to New York.
Upon his fourth voyage in the year
following the discovery of the river
that bears his name, and his vKea-
tlon of the site of the present Glty of
New York that is, in the year 1610
this time under, direction of pro
moters and traders of his own coun
try (Englishmen), Hudson, making the
first serious effort of the long search
by a northwestern passage for the
Great Western Ocean, entered the
vast inland sea that will forever carry
his name Hudson's Bay. Sure he
was that he had reached the Pacific;
but his crew could neither be per
suaded nqr commanded to make fur
ther effort, so he was set adrift in an
open boat, with a few others, upon an
icy sea. Of this boat or its. occu
pants no relics ever were found. Two
only of the mnMium , .j
wen ictu;nea
England, where, somehow, they es
caped hanging. But their tale was
told, and other voyagers sailed at in
tervals of years into Hudson's Bay
without actual results, however, till
In 168S an- expedition was promoted
that led to the foundation of the Hud
son's Bay Company, which so long
controlled the fortunes and finally
directed the destinies of the northern
half of the continent of North Amer
ica, and has left its Influence stamped
Indelibly upon our Northwest states
of the great "Oregon Country."
The charter was granted In 1670 by
CJiarles II, to a. company described as
"Gentlemen Adventurers Trading to
Hudson's Bay." It gave them not only
a monopoly of trade and profits for
all time, but territorial jurisdiction
and practical sovereignty over a vast
northern empire, stretching indefinite
ly from Hudson's Bay to the west. It
became an Immense feudatory estate
the greatest, with perhaps the excep
tion of India, ever known in the his
tory of the world. The French, in
deed, were on the St. Lawrence, and
New France was held by them for
yearly a century longer; and the con
flict between the English and French
over territorial and trading rights
continued, till the final absorption of
French interests by the Hudson's Bay
Company, many years later still.
English explorers were much ahead
of the French in pushing on to the
Far West. Alexander Mackenzie was
the first man to reach the Pacific
Ocean, overland, north of the country
claimed by Spain. This was in the
year 1792. Simon Fraser. David
Thompson and others, soon followed;
but before Mackenzie had reached
the const. Captain Gray had entered
the Columbia River and laid the foun
dation of our country's claim to the
territory of the great western river.
It -was not "Mackenzie's fortune to see
the Columbia KiVer, or any tributary
of It. He passed to the north of its
drainage basin and supposed the
stream afterwards named for Fraser
to be the Columbia. But he did not
follow the Fraser to tta mouth, so
remained undeceived. Lewis and
Clark came in 1805; Astor-s expedition
In 1 SI 0-1 1; so the Americans by good
fortune were in the country when the
Kngllsh, coming ovexland, reached the
Columbia River. Thompson came
down the river from the Rockv Moun
tains, reaching Astoria In July, 1811,
two months after the arrival of As
tor's people. The war of 1812 fol
lowed; Astor was treacherously sold
out to his rivals in the 4ur trade, and
Astoria was captured by a British
war vessel. It was nearly twenty
years later that American mission
aries, pioneers, traders, and other ad
venturers, began to pour in overland.
Till their coming, the Hudson's Bay
Company, having absorbed the North
west Fur Company, its rival, was su
preme in the country, and not a few
of the effects of its presence and
domination are visible to this day. in
Oregon, Washington and Idaho.
This sketch started with the dis
covery of the harbor of New York by
Henry Hudson, three, centuries ago;
and through his later explorations, in
the search northward for the Great
Western Sea, the story Is connected
with the Pacific Coast and with our
own Northwest States. Thus, through
out all the lives of men and of na
tions, "one event," as an ancient sage
remarked, "in the eon of another"
, Our people would to here now, in-
deed, had the English and French ex-
plorers and fur tradere never come;
but their coming, and the rivalry that
resulted from It, make up the most
interesting of the episodes of our
early history, and the consequences
remain with us in influences exerted
by the rival parties on the develop
ment, the life and the character of
the country.
We believe it most probable that the
name of Oregon' arose out of some
circumstance connected with these
western explorations, under direction
of the French. Earlier than the
English the French had pressed on
westward from the Great" Lakes to the
Red River, to the Saskatchewan and
to the foot of the Rocky Mountains.
They were ranging the country of the
Upper Mississippi in search of. furs
and for trade with the natives; they
were full of curiosity and active in
inquiry about the great distant West
and the unknown Western Sea. Of
this sea they possessed Spanish charts
and probably used among the natives
the word "Aragon" as a homonym of
Spain. When Jonathan Carver, of
Connecticut, was on his expedition to
the Upper Mississippi country, in
1767-68, he made all possible inquiries,
he tells us, about the country towards
the west, the western river and the
sea; and the word "Oregon," and the
name was written for the first time,
so far as we now know, or possibly can
ever know. In Carver's book, published
In London in 1778. It is a book of
little Importance or value, except for
the fact that it gives to the world the
name of Oregon, which Carver says
ho got from natives In the country of
the. Upper Mississippi. Recent writers
have 'shown that much of Carver's
book is made up of unacknowledged
extracts from French explorers before
him, particularly from Hennepin,
Lahontan and Charlevoix; and as
Carver had no scholarship it is be
lieved the book was compiled in Lon
don, partly from Carver's own story
and partly from the records of French
and English exploration. It is sig
nificant, further, that In Carver's book,
tribes of Indians and vw-rlrn-n. nhit.
I are often designated by French names
I or terms. '
This, for the present, is sufficient
digression from celebration of the dis
covery of New York harbor and Hud
son River by the navigator, three cen
turies, ago. And yet the narrative of
the life and work of Henry Hudson,
with .the results of his work down to
our day, including our' own distant
connection here on the Pacific with
the stream of the history starting
from him, makes a. series of episodes
of highest interest to our people and Is
worth exposition to the young by the
teachers in our schools.
ALL, BROEI1N IT.
A few Democratic members of Con
gress and some . Democratic newspa
pers continue to talk in high tone
against protective tariff. But as a
rule the members from each district
and the newspapers of each district
yield to the persuasion that their local
interests, in the readjustment of the
tariff, should have "protection." In
other words, the Democratic party has
practically given up its-fight agalhat
protective tariff. There are as many
Democratic protectionists as Republi
can free-traders; perhaps more. The
tariff no longer is a real line of party
division. Cannon owes his continued
ascendency in the House to Demo
cratic members who were unwilling to
trust the organization of that body to
the '"tariff reformers" of their own
party.
There is bitter retort that ' protec
tion offers a bribe to every district,
but such exclamation or sneer effects
nothing. The Charleston (S. C.) News
and Courier is one newspaper that
still tries to hold the fort. It de
nounces as "unblushing mendicancy"
the action of the cotton manufacturers
of Atlanta, who have addressed the
ways and means committee . in an
earnest appeal for "maintenance of
protective tariff, and asserts that "un
less Southern Democrats in Congress
shall stand to their guns, in spite of
the clamor of some of their constitu
ents, the Democratic party in the
South will break up in disorder long
before President Taft's benign South
ern policy of common sense and con
ciliation shall threaten to effect that
result."
Amid such striking changes of polit
ical conditions as now are In prog
ress it Is impossible to forecast with
any certainty the coming political
situation. It is universal that when
one political- party relaxes or dis
solves the other will follow the exam
ple. There will not be two protective
parties in the country, but only one;
yet tariff for revenue, which embodies
a sound principle, has now the clamor
of every variety of local interest
against It.
THE PEACEFUL RAILROADERS.
"There has been no real fight be
tween the Hill -and Harriman forces
within the last nine years." said Louis
W. Hill, in discussing the reported
truce between the two great railroad
forces. "The talk of scraps between
them," continued Mr. Hill, "has been
mostly among outsiders and people
who did not know." This seems to be
reliable information, right "off the
bat," and it can hardly fail to create
a sensation; not necessarily over any
thing that has passed, but over some
thing that we may expect in the fu
ture. Now that we know positively
that these differences which have
arisen in the past between the two
forces have been insignificant, we have
an inkling of what awaits us when a
"real fight" may occur. Our reason
for expecting something Interesting
when a "real fight" takes place is
based on some of the trivial incidents
which the public has mistaken for ac
tual fighting.
There was that little affair in Wall
street, a few years ago, in which Mr
Harriman made Uncle Jimmv pay
J1000 per share for Northern Pacific
stock. The misguided public thought
that was. a real fight. That at least
was the impression gained bv several
hundred bankers and brokers who
got so close to the center of the
maelstrom that their fortunes were
swept away like thistles caught in the
fringe of a Kansas cyclone. The pub
lic was also deceived again when Mr
Hill piled so many obstacles in the
way of Harriman's entering Seattle
that Edward Henry was obliged to
pay several millions of real good
money for a few thousand dollars'
worth of Seattle tide flats.
Another place where the public got
off wrong in believing that there was
a "real fight" In progress was when
Mr. Harriman's lieutenants were or
dering a lacge force of men to dvna
mite their way through Cape Horn
at a time when Mr. Hill's hired met!
were working in feverish, haste to do
THE MORSKG
exactly the same work In exactly the
same place. Snm rt T
. nuiivuKSIl
even were deceived in this matter, for
they playfully threw sticks of dyna
mite at each other and by other stren
uous means sought to give the public
the Impression that It was a "real
fight."
Coming nearer home, we have not
yet forgotten how Michael Joseph
Buckley, General Superintendent of
the Harriman forces in the Pacific
Northwest, with a big "gang of "red
necks," worked all night over at
Maegley, Junction to remove a-large
area of piling which Mr. Hill's men
had spent several days and much
money in getting in place. Now that
Mr. Hill has made it clear that there
has. been no "real fighting," that
Maegley Junction bonfire of Mr. Hill's
brand-new trestle work must have
been only one of Mr. Buckley's Justly
celebrated jokes.
There are a number of other inci
dents like the Clearwater matter, the
Portland terminal dispute and the
Portland gateway trouble ' that were,
of course, of less importance than the
matters mentioned, but that we now
understand could not have meant any
thing. The public will await witn
much interest some "real fighting" be
'tween the two great forces. In view
of what we have mistaken for It, we
should like very much to see what
"real fighting" is.
GENTLEMEN'S .AGREEMENTS.
If the Hlll-Harrtman agreement,
reached at that pleasant San Fran
cisco conference, means one great
union station for Portland and com
mon terminal facilities, well and good.
It will be a great thing for Portland.
But If it means that Hill and Harri
man have achieved another . "gentle
man's agreement," by which the man
gled remains of Oregon shall be di
vided between them, or by which all
that is left of Oregon shall be turned
over to Mr. Harriman, there is no oc
casion for rejoicing. Everybody now
Is sure that Mr. Harriman is going to
build into Central Oregon if he can.
But everybody would not be so certain
that Mr. Harriman would fight his
way over all obstacles into the great
undeveloped interior of Oregon if he
were easy In his mind about the plans
of his friend Mr. Hill.
Oregon is no railroad king's
demesne or should not be. That
means stagnation and neglect, for the
country at large. It would prefer to
see Hilt and Harriman in their natural
position as competitors. It would
have "gentleman's agreements" con
fined to common terminals and union
stations, since thereby the public in
terest Is best served; but It would not
have them when such agreements
mean no railroads at all. g .
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT.
Man, like vine and tree, needs to be
transplanted to produce best results.
Life in the nursery is necessary for
propagation; the larger field is needed
for fruitbearlng, for expansion, for
profit. So these colonists, who are
coming to this North Coast by the half
dozen trainloads daily are following a
law of Nature. It will be observed
they are mostly young people not
youth, but in the vigor of the second
and third decades. Their grandfath
ers crossed the Alleghanies to settle
in the buckeye and black walnut re
gions. They were transplanted in a
virgin soil, with its elements that con
duced to larger growth. After the
Civil War. their fathers, the grown
sons of the previous migration, fol
lowed the thermal line to the prairies
of Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas, and
under the homestead law made settle
ment and acquired abiding places In
yet a new soil, where they took root
and flourished. So it comes to pass
that their sons, grown to virile man
hood and imbued with the spirit born
in them, are following the natural line
in " coming to the Oregon Country,
where all Nature awaits them with a
welcome, to. reward their efforts with
a lavish hand.
Like vine and tree, they need to be
transplanted, for the fuller develop
ment that comes from removal from
Indigenous soil.
GOVERNOR COSGROVE'S DEATH.
There was something almost pa
thetic in the entire political career of
the late Governor Cosgrove, of Wash
ington. As his life drew to a close,
it was so strongly tinged with tragedy
that the most bitter opposing parti
san felt only sympathy for him. After
a long life spent in striving for po
litical recognition. Governor Cos
grove, at the last moment, gained the
prize, only to have it "crumble to dust
and ashes at his touch." While the
plaudits willingly given 'to the victor
still rang In his ears he passed on to
the land where political' tragedies
have no place. Governor Cosgrove's
death, with the fruits of his long
sought victory still untasted, was not
only a striking illustration of the
evanescent nature of all things earth
ly, but it exposed the hollowness of
all or any of the political rewards
which people perish to win.
The late Governor Cosgrove was an
honest man and a good citizen, -and
his lifelong quest of the office which
he finally secured was at all times
strictly honorable and" "above board.
His .fidelity to the Republican party
was proverbial throughout the State
of Washington, andthere is a possibil
ity that this admirable partisan trait
may have been one of the reasons
why his progress toward the goal
finally reached was less rapid than it
otherwise . might have been. There
have been a considerable number of
unscrupulous and a still greater num
ber ' of ungrateful politicians in the
Evergreen State, and to these politi
cians the party loyalty of "Old Sam
Cosgrove" was an asset which it was
considered unnecessary to foster -or
cultivate. It was so sure and certain
that the political favors to -which Mr.
Cosgrove was perhaps entitled were
used to placate some more obstreper
ous members of the party.
. Endowed with a genial personality
and being plain and outspoken, and
yet not offensively aggressive, Mr. Cos
grove made many friends. Not all of
these friends were impressed with the
belief that the Cosgrove statesman
ship was of -a high, order, but they
were all impressed with the rugged
and unswerving loyalty of Mr. Cos
grove. This feeling was reflected In
the "second-choice" vote by which he
secured the nomination for'Governor.
The "first-choice" vote revealed the
fact that the voters were hopelessly at
sea, and could not possibly center on
any one man to lead the ticket: Their
"second choice," however, showed
quite emphatically the high regard
they had for Mr. Cosgrove.
Mr. Cosgrove was long past middle
age, and the disease with whi-vi h
was troubled might eventually have
OREGOmy, MOXDAY,
killed him. even had h nHni
- - AAVUl
the whirl of politics and led a quiet
life. For all that, his end" was unques
tionably hastened by the nerve-wracking"
turmoil to which he was subjected
during the closing weeks .of his cam
paign. "Dead Sea. apples" certainly
grew on the political tree from which
Mr. Cosgrove sought so long to gather
fruit, but the pathetic circumstances
of his death and long and upright ca
reer in public and private life will give
him a prominent place in the political
history of Washington. .
An Astoria dispatch brings the
pleasant information that the Puget
Sound Tugboat Company will place
an opposition tug and pilot service on
the Columbia River bar. As the Port
of Portland has, taken over the service
for the purpose of handling it at cost
in order to attract shipping, it will
of course, be quite satisfactory to have
the Puget Sound philanthropists as
sist in the good Work. This welcome
is naturally contingent on the work'
being placed in charge of some one be
sides "Captain Kidd" Bailey, whose
work with the Tatoosh was largely re
sponsible for the change which the
Port of Portland was obliged to make
In the service. The possibility of hav
ing Bailey on a job where there was
no profit Is so remote, however, that it
is perhaps needless to indulge in spec
ulation. 'He stole the livery of the court of
heaven to serve the devil In." is the
one expression of a. solemn Scottish
poet, Robert ; Pollok whose1 long
poem, "The Course of Time," Is now
never read which Is likely to last as
long as proverbs in English last. Yet
one single thing like this is mighty
great. It is Immortality. Pollok's
long poem, though suggested by By
ron's "Darkness." is an elaborate es
say in blank verse in the manner of
Milton. Its theme Is the destiny of
man. It seems to be preserved from
oblivion by a- single passage, as Bai
ley's "Festus" Is.
Three thousand bushels of bluestem
wheat sold in Pendleton Saturday at
11.16 per bushel, said to be the high
est price ever paid for wheat at that
point. With the king of cereals sell
ing so far above $1 per bushel, there
will undoubtedly be a record acreage
harvested this season. This Increased
acreage, with a good yield and con
tinued high prices, will add a good,
thick layer of prosperity over the
wheat belt, which even now is far
from being on short rations.
Astronomers have discovered two
hitherto unknown planets beyond the
orbit of Neptune. Better call the peo
ple's referendum on these planets, to
ascertain whether they exist or not
Which, incidentally, will discover
whether the astronomers know what
"they are talking about or not. ;Prob
ably some conspiracy against the
rights of the people.
Prince Alexander of Servta declines
to accept the right to the crown which
has been conferred on him by the res
ignation of Prince George. Perhaps
the growing discontent of the Servian
people, together with the recollection
of what happened to the immediate
predecessor of King Peter, may have
had something to do with Inducing
the young man to thrust the crown
aside. .... .
Now of course, since Oregon at last
has adequate representation in the
Senate, and "the people," through
Bourne and Chamberlain, have their
perfect representation, Oregon never
more will want or lack anything from
the Government at Washington. Oh,
"the people" can do it when they try!
While, of course, those lawyers de
sire to have Supreme Judge Bean
named to the new Federal judgeship
they wish to assure President Taft
that they will be ready with a fine
large indorsement for the successful
candidate.
Mr. Heney and Mr. Burns have un
earthed another gigantic conspiracy
on the part of certain malefactors to
defeat the ends of long-suffering jus
tice. You can depend on Heney and
Burns to come through in grand style
before the curtain falls.
The Kentucky Klick is preparing to
put a straight Democratic ticket in
the field, not necessarily for any one's
vote, but merely as art evidence of
good faith. . Or is it an evidence of
good faith ?
There was nothing small about that
Danish poet and dramatist who left a
large estate to be divided among four
wives. The cable fails' to state wheth
er he had them hooked up abreast or
tandem.
How would the persons who declare
the match between the Jap Aokl and
the Emery girl nobody's business but
their own like to go through the world
as half-breeds? Isn't the world hard
enough when one is bbrn right ?
Those "unknown" assailants , who
bound and gagged Dottle Houck on
the East Side will forever remain un
known to all except DotUe. And Dot
tie just dreamed about them.
California has enacted, a primary
law. but has left out Statement One.
Other states leave out Statement One
They call Oregon the "fool of the fam-
If Whitla and that Boyle woman
knew what distress they are making
a lot of expectant people, they would
not be so slow with that promised
SCclTslCI9. 1 y
Probably we would better annex
Africa, too, thus solving the great
question of what to do with our ex
Presidents. .,?Lnce a coPerasre company has paid"
700.000 for a tract in the Nehalem
Valley, there will soon be something
doing in hoop poles in that township.
Henry Hudson, who discovered 300
years ago the place where Broadway's
bright lights shine, doubtless also dis
covered the Manhattan cocktail -
Another brief, is to be filed in the
State Supreme Court In the case of
Banker; Ross. There's no telling why
a brief is called by that name.
Each of the candidates for Portland
Mayor seems confident that nobody
like Mrs. Waymire could reach him.
Theyvknow best.
Rain knows when to come,
was filling the eyes.
Dust
MARCH
29, 1900.
THEIR RELATIVE IMPORTATHCE.
Reclamation Service on the Ok Basel
and Railroad on the. Other.
Bend Bulletin.,
In determining whether or not a
railroad should be permitted to build
up the Deschutes Canyon into Central
Oregon, just one consideration should
be borne In mind, and that is: Which
will be of more value to the state and
Which will benefit th.
.railroad into this section or a power
m tne lower river? Which will
return the greatest good to the great
est number, a railroad or a power
proposition?
The reclamation service expects, by
velop electric power, convey'
l me proposed dam, to de-
it over
to '.the TJmattlln . -
vjjcui soa pump
water for the reclamation of 200.000
acres. An average valuation for that
land would not exceed 150 per acre
under a high state of cultivation.
Thus the reclamation, project would
Increase the taxable property of the
state something like I30.000.QOO. Now
let's, see how a railroad through the
Deschutes Canyon into Central Oregon
5e,Ul1t?feCt the taabl Property of
r - ' ln other words, affect
the property valuation.
80,000.000 acres of land in the section
h h?n,etlted by the proposed rail
road, it is a conservative estimate to
figure that a railroad into Central Ore
gon would Increase the value of this
land on an average 5 an acre. A
?L?r Cre V1C6. would lnorease
able property olt the state 1160.
000,000. There it stands. 150.000.000
ln favor of the railroad as ajralnst
,30.000.000 for the reclamati or
power project; an even five to one.
'
There are still other ways to show
the great difference in importance be
tween the two undertakings. The
Madras Chamber of Commerce states
in a letter to the Portland Chamber
that there are 600,000 acres of wheat
land in the Madras section awaiting
the coming of a railroad. This land
would easily be worth 30 an acre
with transportation provided. That
would mean a valuation in the Madras
section alone of 115,000,000. The Des
chutes Irrigation & " Power Company
has contracted to reclaim nearly 300
000 acres in the vicinity of Bend. A
railroad would make the development
of this land certain and rapid. It is
generally conceded here that at a
very conservative estimate this land
will then 'be worth at the lowest 8100
an acre- That would mean a taxable
valuation 'in just a small portion of
Central Oregon of 130.000,000. These
are only "drops ln the bucket" as com
pared with the whole of Central Ore
F.?n7lh! Prtlon that would be bene
fited by the Deschutes railroad. There
are the millions of acres of timber
and mile after mile of land that some
day will be cultivated either under
irrigation or by dry farming. There
is no comparison between the reclama
tion service's power project and the
railroad as far as the benefit to be de
rived from each is concerned. The
power project would make possible the
reclamation of a paltry 200.000 acres.
The railroad would open up an empire.
Furthermore, competent enrT.
state that sufficient power can be de
veloped to reclaim the Umatilla lands
and still allow the railroad to build
over its pcesent surveys. If. this Is
possible there should be no question
whatever about, approving the rail
road's right-of-way maps.
The reclamation service men are in
clined to argue that there are other
routes for -a railroad into this section.
There max be, but Harriman's engi
neers, who have spent thousands of
dollars in investigating that very ques
tion, say there are no other practical
routes. It is admitted by all that the
Deschutes Canyon - furnishes the best
grades and provides a water-grade
downhill haul from this vast inland
empire to tide water at Portland. In
these days of keen competition freight
rates play a most important part in trie
prosperity of a country, and rates over
a water-grade road would of course
be lower than over a . road of heavy
grades. That is another ' reason why
the Deschutes Canyon should be left
open to a railroad.
Look at it in whatever light one
may, there can be but one conclusion
namely, that a railroad up the Des
chutes is of far greater importance to
the state as' a whole and. of course,
to this section, than the power project
contemplated by the reclamation serv
ice. Measure the two propositions by
the only true test, that of the greatest
good to the greatest number, and the
railroad - stands out pre-eminently
above the other.
What, then, is the logical conclusion'
Judged by their relative importance
should not the railroad be given first
consideration? If there are to be any
changes in plans 'the power project is
the one that should give way.
VERTICAL VS. LATERAL TRAVEL
Twice as Many People Ride in Elevat
ora aa on Streetcars.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
A striking illustration of the growth
of business population housed in the
big office buildings is furnished by an
assertion in New York that nearly
twice as many people are carried up
and down in the elevators of those
buildings as are carried horizontally
on the transit routes of that city. A
calculation of the work of the 8000
passenger elevators in New York esti
mates their total transport at 6.500 000
passenger per day, while the Public
Service Commission's figures put the
total passengers per day on the sur
face, elevated and subway cars at
3,500,000. " x
These figures show that the compari
son is not betweep the number of per
sons carried each way, but the number
if trips made by all persons. This
makes the showing a little misleading
as to the actual extent of each meth
od's clientele. The average patron of
the streetcar rides on them from two to
four times a day. The average inmate
of an office building will go up and
down in the elevators from 6 to 20 times
a day. Supposing the average trips of
each transit passenger to be two a
day, that would make 1.750.000 daily
patrons of those lines. Supposing the
average elevator trips to each person
is but eight a day; that, makes 812,500
or a little less than halt the horizontal
passengers. j
Frank I)aveya, Teeter-Board.
Harney County News.
The Oregonian evidently cannot under
stand how a newspaper can feel warm
friendship for a man and recognize his
great ability and general worthiness, while
at the same time holding Itself in readi
ness to criticise those acts of his which,
are calculated to weaken him in the esti
mation if his acquaintances. The News
worships no man sufficiently to bow
down to all his moods and tenses, nor
hates it any man sufficiently to ignore hia
really good qualities.. The Oregonlan
however, rarely finds any good in those
it opposes or any evil in Its satellites.
Theae Remarkable Discoveries.
Washington Star.
The "greater than Washington"
statesman is admirably discovered al
most as frequently as the "greater than
Shakespeare" playwright. j
INTERESTING STORY. OF
How the Associated
For a plain tale of achievement in the
face of extensive difficulties The Ore
gonlan commends to its readers the story
of what Salvatore Cortesi, manager at
Rome for the Associated Press, did at
Messina. That Cortesi got up from a
sick bed and "beat the world" In telling
the news of the greatest earthquake dis
aster in history was something more
than a newspaper triumph. It meant
relief from suffering for thousands up
on thousands of homeless people, for it
Instantly stirred the sympathy of the
great republic over-seas. IrT thanking this
country for its generous aid the Italian
government should thank most Cortesi
and the Associated Press.
One can understand how It came about
that the United States was far advanced
In inform atiop aa to the recent Sicilian
earthquake, when Italy' and the rest of
Europe were groping dimly for mere
facta about the disaster, after reading
the Associated Presa atory of how its
report, were gathered and forwarded to
this country.
The Associated Press "beat" the world
on the thrilling story, enabling the
United States, to lead in the relief sub
scriptions, because Salvatore Cortesi. in
change of the big news organization's of
fice in Rome, got up out of the bed in
which he bad been confined by scarlet
fever and took personal charge of the
situation.
Barely a convalescent, thin, yellow
ekinned. and bearded like the pard, he
"aL.uP.nl8:ht and day' giving a masterly
exhibition of the quintessence of news
sense, and succeeded in getting his copy
onto the wires for the United States
while the correspondents ot the world
raged helplessly In Naples or clutched
columns of copy while confined on vessels
anchored far out of reach of the madly
desired news.
Cortesi was told that he couldn't get
out of bed for three weeks. His as
sistants, fearing information of the im
portant news event would shock him into
a dangerous relapse, made every effort
to keep word of it from him. The sixth
sense, that old-time newspaper men have,
told him that something important was
transpiring. . He eluded his physicians,
got to the office, frightening the start
by his startling physical appearance, and
went to work.
He already had some Important news
triumphs to his credit, not the least of
which was - his announcement to the
tnited States that Pope Leo -XIII was
dead before Europe and Italy had heard
about It. He also had distinguished him
self at the Algeclras convention and The
Hague. ;.
The sick chief rolled hia sleeves up
over his thin, fever-ecarred arms, and
organized his campaign. An emergency
corps was perfected and sent out, and
the windrows of messages that piled in
from the South during the succeeding
days were done into English, corrected,
edited and tossed .to the cable trans
mitters. This getting oft the messages
was not easy. The government had re
served all of the wires for its own use.
with a diplomacy that would have dis
tinguished an Ambassador at the Court
of St. James he impressed upon those in
authority the advantage of getting the
details of desolation to those points from
which . succor might be expected. He
found an able assistant in this connec
tion in American Ambassador Griscom
who realized the important part the press
was playing. The needed wires were ob
tained. " '
As a result, the Associated' Press, be
ginning on December 28. was able to
give a connected running story of the
great disaster which robbed the globe of
200.000 inhabitants. The first word of
trouble was from Monteleone, Calabria,
followed shortly by cablegrams from
Cantanzaro and other places In Calabria.
None of these gave an Inkling of the
immensity of the disaster, but pieced to
together they indicated that there had
been another earthquake in or about
the "heel of the boot."
The dispatch that first hinted at the
size of-the disaster was from Catania,
and told of a tidal wave which hadin
jured three vessels. Reference to the
shipping registers showed that the ves
sels were of large tonnage. To the
trained minds in the cable-room the wave
spelled death and destruction on shore.
Cortesi at Rome took hold of a situ
PRIMARY LAW I?T CALIFORNIA
Bat Still California Will Have No
"Statement One."
The Argonaut, Ban Francisco.
California is to have a direct primary
system. The people, have willed it and
the Legislature has provided it. Just
what the law means in the form in which
it has finally passed the legislative body,
nobody, hot even the Legislature, really
knows. No direct primary law has ever
yet been adopted anywhere about which
anybody has had any real knowledge. -
Now, without pretending to have ana
lyzed adeauatelv the meaaiira which ho.
Just passed the Legislature, the Argonaut
ventures to predict that the law in its
operation will be full of surprises, marred
by. inconsistencies, and that it will result
in failure and chagrin. Instead of de
stroying personal initiative In political af
fairs it will transfer it to less capable and
less honest hands. Furthermore, It will
tend to eliminate men of high character
and capability from official life and to
put in their places mere self-seekers and
public exploiters. It will increase the un
certainties of politics, multiply rts cor
ruptions, and assure its deteriomtinn
a hundred points.
We are to try this experiment because
there are those among us who seek to
destroy personal Initiative in politics.
What they really want is to. substitute
their own initiative for that of Boraebody
else; but in this, as ln bther matters, it
suits the policy of hypocrisy and men
dacity to proceed by misrepresentation
and fraud. Those who have brought this
thing about will find no advantage in it,
for they will quickly learn how slight Is
the hold which they have upon the pub
lic esteem.
No system of politics will work itself
No system will serve to sustain the po
litical responsibilities of any community
unless somebody takes a- sufficient Inter
est in it to provide direction and lead
ership. Stopped the Pwrcratlon,
Chicago Post.
"Your orchestras do not play 'Dixie
any more, I notice," says the visitor
in Alabama, as he and his host, the
Lionel, stroll out betweeh acts.
"No. suh." responds the colonel de
cisively. "We used to have that grand
old melody played, suh. at every oppor
tunity, but so many blanked Yankees
from South Bend. Ind., and South
Haven, Mich, and South Charleston,
O, got to risin' in their seats an' cheer
in' tt, suh. that we decided it was high
time to stop this desecration of ouh
National alh." 't
"He's a Good jMan Bnt.
" Exchange.
It is always. said of the bast of them
"He is a gopd man, .but And he'
has to die in order to get that word
"but" cut off.- " ,'
A BIG NEWS STORY.
!IIa.fd the New. of the Sicilian
ation as follows: His correspondent
at Messina wa. dead ln the ruinr;bf
his house. - Communication by tefB
graph. cable, rail and sea with- the zone
not "vft" WaVit off" Reea nad
Towns His "rf the "OunUn
JtV; w . fly,n squadron" was on
xry- bUt 8t,U far from the stor
UJV? was nothlnS to do but to trrck
up the disconnected bits of rumored
horror and deduct the facts Mr Cor-
heurriW,lhrNeW.Yrk BVer ln M.
.Kry "fter stor- to the cables
sowing the seed from which grew the
organized American relief whlchatne
"tQUlSkiy that the 011 World Cts
astounded. Washington and the Red
Cross- promptly responded and funds
fnhe'VrrT '"J0 Americans
In the earthquake zone were detrr
mlned. and the Scorpion at Constantl
wfB, Seated as the nearest
aster State" war vessel to the dls-
1 . V:
Howard Thompson, chief of the
Paris bureau, was ordered to Cortci s
assistance, but meanwhile the latter
had had a great stroke of luck. Kel
logg Durland, an American newspaper
man. happened to be ln Rome at the
time. Cortesi promptly engaged him
and sent him to Messina. , .
Durland started out with - Guido
rardo. an ItaUan correspondent with
whom he had worked and bunked -in
wlrH .1"' the Russian-Japanese
war and the Russian revolution. Pardo
was to act as colleague and Interpreter.
RotiT tha firBt train out from
Rome to Naples. The cars were occu
pied exclusively by army officers and
surmfsPes"dentS' chatter'ns out their
tri,m the train "topped at Naples
there was a mad dash for cabs car
riages and conveyances to the water.
the front of a tidal wave
the officers and newspaper men swept
across the city. Arrived at the dock.
Durland learned that no one could get
on the Italian ships, all of which had
been commissioned by the government,
without a passport. He was stumped
... ?' by chanc. heard someone in
the street say that there was a Ger
man ship in the harbor about to sail
for Messina. They hastily rowed out
t?-11,6 nly ship bearing a German
flag Was the captain about to sail
for Messina? He wa. Would he take
tne American correspondent and -his
friend? He would. In 40 minutes thev
were off. while a mob of Italian and
French correspondents, all with their
passports carefully buttoned in their
coats, bit their lips and hoped the gov
ernment would soon move a ship.
Durland and Pardo reached Messina
24 hours before any other correspond
ents. They stumbled about in the
ruins of the city under. the cloud of
dark volcanic dusk and learned for the
first time the extent of the disaster
and then engaged ln a wild hunt for a
wire. They found one a mile from the
city on the railway to Palermo. Here
the first news dispatch from -the
vicinity of Messina was filed
The telegraph wire was simple a
tapped wire run down into a freight
car. But the first message that
reached Rome was filed by Durland
the next morning at Catania, which he
reached after an 11-hour train ride- in
a car filled with wounded and dvlog
During the day he hastened back-, to '
Messina. ,ta
The journalists from Naples arrived
the next morning. They all decided to
return to Naples at once to write their
"impressions." Their vessel was still
in the harbor at nightfall. They were
still there at breakfast time the next
day. Pardo had forwarded a report
from Catania 24 hours before; so that
Xmrland did not share the frenzy- of
the picked European journalists. Pardo
gained passage on a French torpedo
boat and forwarded another bundle of '
telegrams from a point. outside of Rg--
The two Associated Press men-lre-malned
ln Messina a fortnight, with
the exception of a day or two spent
in a trip to Naples and Rome, tramp
ing miles over the ruins, now sleeping
In wet clothing on the quay, getunic
an occasional night on a German
French or English war vessel, but con
stantly sending out the precious mes
sages which enabled the organization
to triumph continually over the flower
of Old World Journalism.
NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA."
One of the Storlra of Hia Contact with
Sir Hudson Lowe.
In a violent and possibly undignified
altercation one day between England's
jailer. Sir Hudson Lowe, and the Em
peror, Napoleon, the latter complained
because "a book of Hobhoase, the emi
nent philosopher, forwarded to him- by
a friend, had been withheld by Lowe.
"I detained the ' book because it was
addressed to the Emperor," said Lowe.
"And who gave you the right to dis
pute the title?" cried Napoleon, in
dignantly. "In a few years your Lord
Castlereagh and all the others, and
you yourself, will be buried in the dust
of oblivion; or. if your names be re
membered at all, it will be onlvlon
account of the indignity with which
you have treated me; but the Emperor
Napoleon will continue forever the,
subject of history and the star of civ
ilized nations. Your libels are of . no
avail against me. You have expended
millions on them; what have they pro
duced? Truth pierces through the
clouds; It shines like the sun. and like
the sun it cannot perish!"
To which Sir Hudson Lowe replied.
Tfou make me smile, sir."
In a few years and what mattered
it all then to that immortal soul no
longer in bondage . to an earthly
jailer m a few years on returning to
Europe, it is recorded that "Sir Hud
son Lowe dropped into a contempt
which was so deep and so universal
that even Wellington, in effect, turned
his back upon the creature he had
used, having no further need for just
such a. man." and Castlereagh, aban
doned by his following, "cut his own
throat and was followed to his tomb
by the hoots of an English mob!"
"In a few 'years you and all the
others will be buried in the dust of '
oblivion or, if your names be remem
bered at all, it will be only on account
of the Indignity with which you have
treated me" for said Napoleon, "Truth
pierces through the clouds; It shines
like the sun, and like the sun it can
not perish."
The African Reporter.
. New York San.
xne editors were wading through
A brand new Jungle tale.
When Mable with hia pencil poised
Set up a doleful wall.
Quoth he: "Thl metaphor is mixed;
It has ten Ions words, too,"
JFnd that brought on a warm debate
On what was beat to do."
And 'when they found a paragraph
That really made no sense.
Trie arrument broke out again. v
The Interest was intense;
And thoueh the scared minority
Was very deeply shocked.
The ruling of the council was
That he be prorrfptly docked.
Each word put to Improper use
Coat one crisp dollar hill;
And many were the passages
They were obliced to kill.
And when they reckoned what waa ana
The writer for his stuff.
They found that a rejection slip
Waa Juat about enough.
A