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BKk pecla Agency New York, rooms 48 Kih.ri 1 ,b"lld'n- Chicago, rooms 510-513 J rinune building. PORTLAXD, MONDAY. MARCH 89. 1009. KROM EAST TO WEST. New York will take note of her third centenary in September next, yet will not employ the common ex pedient of an Exposition, or World's Fair. But there will be a celebration, under literary . and historical aus pices, rwhlch will fix for a day the at tention of the world. To one now viewing New York it appears Incredible that it is but three centuries since Henry Hudson, the English explorer, on his third voyage under the patronage of Dutch mer chants, entered the harbor of New York and dropped anchor not far from the spot where the Goddess of Liberty stands today. Such changes have been wrought nowhere else -in the world within any three centuries since the appearance of man upon the earth. Moreover, the greater part of this stupendous change has taken place In much less than one hundred years. The next marvel in compari son with it has been the rise of the City of Chicago. Now York needs no Exposition. She is an Exposition herself, the year round, and from year to year, and would be in fact belittled by any for mal attempt to celebrate her great ness. . The original meaning of the word celebrate" is a close signification and description of her daily existence. It means (of people) to assemble in a crowd, to. press together in great numbers. o'r multitudes, to frequent a place in crowds for a purpose, etc. Everybody goes to New York. Upon his fourth voyage in the year following the discovery of the river that bears his name, and his vKea- tlon of the site of the present Glty of New York that is, in the year 1610 this time under, direction of pro moters and traders of his own coun try (Englishmen), Hudson, making the first serious effort of the long search by a northwestern passage for the Great Western Ocean, entered the vast inland sea that will forever carry his name Hudson's Bay. Sure he was that he had reached the Pacific; but his crew could neither be per suaded nqr commanded to make fur ther effort, so he was set adrift in an open boat, with a few others, upon an icy sea. Of this boat or its. occu pants no relics ever were found. Two only of the mnMium , .j wen ictu;nea England, where, somehow, they es caped hanging. But their tale was told, and other voyagers sailed at in tervals of years into Hudson's Bay without actual results, however, till In 168S an- expedition was promoted that led to the foundation of the Hud son's Bay Company, which so long controlled the fortunes and finally directed the destinies of the northern half of the continent of North Amer ica, and has left its Influence stamped Indelibly upon our Northwest states of the great "Oregon Country." The charter was granted In 1670 by CJiarles II, to a. company described as "Gentlemen Adventurers Trading to Hudson's Bay." It gave them not only a monopoly of trade and profits for all time, but territorial jurisdiction and practical sovereignty over a vast northern empire, stretching indefinite ly from Hudson's Bay to the west. It became an Immense feudatory estate the greatest, with perhaps the excep tion of India, ever known in the his tory of the world. The French, in deed, were on the St. Lawrence, and New France was held by them for yearly a century longer; and the con flict between the English and French over territorial and trading rights continued, till the final absorption of French interests by the Hudson's Bay Company, many years later still. English explorers were much ahead of the French in pushing on to the Far West. Alexander Mackenzie was the first man to reach the Pacific Ocean, overland, north of the country claimed by Spain. This was in the year 1792. Simon Fraser. David Thompson and others, soon followed; but before Mackenzie had reached the const. Captain Gray had entered the Columbia River and laid the foun dation of our country's claim to the territory of the great western river. It -was not "Mackenzie's fortune to see the Columbia KiVer, or any tributary of It. He passed to the north of its drainage basin and supposed the stream afterwards named for Fraser to be the Columbia. But he did not follow the Fraser to tta mouth, so remained undeceived. Lewis and Clark came in 1805; Astor-s expedition In 1 SI 0-1 1; so the Americans by good fortune were in the country when the Kngllsh, coming ovexland, reached the Columbia River. Thompson came down the river from the Rockv Moun tains, reaching Astoria In July, 1811, two months after the arrival of As tor's people. The war of 1812 fol lowed; Astor was treacherously sold out to his rivals in the 4ur trade, and Astoria was captured by a British war vessel. It was nearly twenty years later that American mission aries, pioneers, traders, and other ad venturers, began to pour in overland. Till their coming, the Hudson's Bay Company, having absorbed the North west Fur Company, its rival, was su preme in the country, and not a few of the effects of its presence and domination are visible to this day. in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. This sketch started with the dis covery of the harbor of New York by Henry Hudson, three, centuries ago; and through his later explorations, in the search northward for the Great Western Sea, the story Is connected with the Pacific Coast and with our own Northwest States. Thus, through out all the lives of men and of na tions, "one event," as an ancient sage remarked, "in the eon of another" , Our people would to here now, in- deed, had the English and French ex- plorers and fur tradere never come; but their coming, and the rivalry that resulted from It, make up the most interesting of the episodes of our early history, and the consequences remain with us in influences exerted by the rival parties on the develop ment, the life and the character of the country. We believe it most probable that the name of Oregon' arose out of some circumstance connected with these western explorations, under direction of the French. Earlier than the English the French had pressed on westward from the Great" Lakes to the Red River, to the Saskatchewan and to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. They were ranging the country of the Upper Mississippi in search of. furs and for trade with the natives; they were full of curiosity and active in inquiry about the great distant West and the unknown Western Sea. Of this sea they possessed Spanish charts and probably used among the natives the word "Aragon" as a homonym of Spain. When Jonathan Carver, of Connecticut, was on his expedition to the Upper Mississippi country, in 1767-68, he made all possible inquiries, he tells us, about the country towards the west, the western river and the sea; and the word "Oregon," and the name was written for the first time, so far as we now know, or possibly can ever know. In Carver's book, published In London in 1778. It is a book of little Importance or value, except for the fact that it gives to the world the name of Oregon, which Carver says ho got from natives In the country of the. Upper Mississippi. Recent writers have 'shown that much of Carver's book is made up of unacknowledged extracts from French explorers before him, particularly from Hennepin, Lahontan and Charlevoix; and as Carver had no scholarship it is be lieved the book was compiled in Lon don, partly from Carver's own story and partly from the records of French and English exploration. It is sig nificant, further, that In Carver's book, tribes of Indians and vw-rlrn-n. nhit. I are often designated by French names I or terms. ' This, for the present, is sufficient digression from celebration of the dis covery of New York harbor and Hud son River by the navigator, three cen turies, ago. And yet the narrative of the life and work of Henry Hudson, with .the results of his work down to our day, including our' own distant connection here on the Pacific with the stream of the history starting from him, makes a. series of episodes of highest interest to our people and Is worth exposition to the young by the teachers in our schools. ALL, BROEI1N IT. A few Democratic members of Con gress and some . Democratic newspa pers continue to talk in high tone against protective tariff. But as a rule the members from each district and the newspapers of each district yield to the persuasion that their local interests, in the readjustment of the tariff, should have "protection." In other words, the Democratic party has practically given up its-fight agalhat protective tariff. There are as many Democratic protectionists as Republi can free-traders; perhaps more. The tariff no longer is a real line of party division. Cannon owes his continued ascendency in the House to Demo cratic members who were unwilling to trust the organization of that body to the '"tariff reformers" of their own party. There is bitter retort that ' protec tion offers a bribe to every district, but such exclamation or sneer effects nothing. The Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier is one newspaper that still tries to hold the fort. It de nounces as "unblushing mendicancy" the action of the cotton manufacturers of Atlanta, who have addressed the ways and means committee . in an earnest appeal for "maintenance of protective tariff, and asserts that "un less Southern Democrats in Congress shall stand to their guns, in spite of the clamor of some of their constitu ents, the Democratic party in the South will break up in disorder long before President Taft's benign South ern policy of common sense and con ciliation shall threaten to effect that result." Amid such striking changes of polit ical conditions as now are In prog ress it Is impossible to forecast with any certainty the coming political situation. It is universal that when one political- party relaxes or dis solves the other will follow the exam ple. There will not be two protective parties in the country, but only one; yet tariff for revenue, which embodies a sound principle, has now the clamor of every variety of local interest against It. THE PEACEFUL RAILROADERS. "There has been no real fight be tween the Hill -and Harriman forces within the last nine years." said Louis W. Hill, in discussing the reported truce between the two great railroad forces. "The talk of scraps between them," continued Mr. Hill, "has been mostly among outsiders and people who did not know." This seems to be reliable information, right "off the bat," and it can hardly fail to create a sensation; not necessarily over any thing that has passed, but over some thing that we may expect in the fu ture. Now that we know positively that these differences which have arisen in the past between the two forces have been insignificant, we have an inkling of what awaits us when a "real fight" may occur. Our reason for expecting something Interesting when a "real fight" takes place is based on some of the trivial incidents which the public has mistaken for ac tual fighting. There was that little affair in Wall street, a few years ago, in which Mr Harriman made Uncle Jimmv pay J1000 per share for Northern Pacific stock. The misguided public thought that was. a real fight. That at least was the impression gained bv several hundred bankers and brokers who got so close to the center of the maelstrom that their fortunes were swept away like thistles caught in the fringe of a Kansas cyclone. The pub lic was also deceived again when Mr Hill piled so many obstacles in the way of Harriman's entering Seattle that Edward Henry was obliged to pay several millions of real good money for a few thousand dollars' worth of Seattle tide flats. Another place where the public got off wrong in believing that there was a "real fight" In progress was when Mr. Harriman's lieutenants were or dering a lacge force of men to dvna mite their way through Cape Horn at a time when Mr. Hill's hired met! were working in feverish, haste to do THE MORSKG exactly the same work In exactly the same place. Snm rt T . nuiivuKSIl even were deceived in this matter, for they playfully threw sticks of dyna mite at each other and by other stren uous means sought to give the public the Impression that It was a "real fight." Coming nearer home, we have not yet forgotten how Michael Joseph Buckley, General Superintendent of the Harriman forces in the Pacific Northwest, with a big "gang of "red necks," worked all night over at Maegley, Junction to remove a-large area of piling which Mr. Hill's men had spent several days and much money in getting in place. Now that Mr. Hill has made it clear that there has. been no "real fighting," that Maegley Junction bonfire of Mr. Hill's brand-new trestle work must have been only one of Mr. Buckley's Justly celebrated jokes. There are a number of other inci dents like the Clearwater matter, the Portland terminal dispute and the Portland gateway trouble ' that were, of course, of less importance than the matters mentioned, but that we now understand could not have meant any thing. The public will await witn much interest some "real fighting" be 'tween the two great forces. In view of what we have mistaken for It, we should like very much to see what "real fighting" is. GENTLEMEN'S .AGREEMENTS. If the Hlll-Harrtman agreement, reached at that pleasant San Fran cisco conference, means one great union station for Portland and com mon terminal facilities, well and good. It will be a great thing for Portland. But If it means that Hill and Harri man have achieved another . "gentle man's agreement," by which the man gled remains of Oregon shall be di vided between them, or by which all that is left of Oregon shall be turned over to Mr. Harriman, there is no oc casion for rejoicing. Everybody now Is sure that Mr. Harriman is going to build into Central Oregon if he can. But everybody would not be so certain that Mr. Harriman would fight his way over all obstacles into the great undeveloped interior of Oregon if he were easy In his mind about the plans of his friend Mr. Hill. Oregon is no railroad king's demesne or should not be. That means stagnation and neglect, for the country at large. It would prefer to see Hilt and Harriman in their natural position as competitors. It would have "gentleman's agreements" con fined to common terminals and union stations, since thereby the public in terest Is best served; but It would not have them when such agreements mean no railroads at all. g . THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT. Man, like vine and tree, needs to be transplanted to produce best results. Life in the nursery is necessary for propagation; the larger field is needed for fruitbearlng, for expansion, for profit. So these colonists, who are coming to this North Coast by the half dozen trainloads daily are following a law of Nature. It will be observed they are mostly young people not youth, but in the vigor of the second and third decades. Their grandfath ers crossed the Alleghanies to settle in the buckeye and black walnut re gions. They were transplanted in a virgin soil, with its elements that con duced to larger growth. After the Civil War. their fathers, the grown sons of the previous migration, fol lowed the thermal line to the prairies of Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas, and under the homestead law made settle ment and acquired abiding places In yet a new soil, where they took root and flourished. So it comes to pass that their sons, grown to virile man hood and imbued with the spirit born in them, are following the natural line in " coming to the Oregon Country, where all Nature awaits them with a welcome, to. reward their efforts with a lavish hand. Like vine and tree, they need to be transplanted, for the fuller develop ment that comes from removal from Indigenous soil. GOVERNOR COSGROVE'S DEATH. There was something almost pa thetic in the entire political career of the late Governor Cosgrove, of Wash ington. As his life drew to a close, it was so strongly tinged with tragedy that the most bitter opposing parti san felt only sympathy for him. After a long life spent in striving for po litical recognition. Governor Cos grove, at the last moment, gained the prize, only to have it "crumble to dust and ashes at his touch." While the plaudits willingly given 'to the victor still rang In his ears he passed on to the land where political' tragedies have no place. Governor Cosgrove's death, with the fruits of his long sought victory still untasted, was not only a striking illustration of the evanescent nature of all things earth ly, but it exposed the hollowness of all or any of the political rewards which people perish to win. The late Governor Cosgrove was an honest man and a good citizen, -and his lifelong quest of the office which he finally secured was at all times strictly honorable and" "above board. His .fidelity to the Republican party was proverbial throughout the State of Washington, andthere is a possibil ity that this admirable partisan trait may have been one of the reasons why his progress toward the goal finally reached was less rapid than it otherwise . might have been. There have been a considerable number of unscrupulous and a still greater num ber ' of ungrateful politicians in the Evergreen State, and to these politi cians the party loyalty of "Old Sam Cosgrove" was an asset which it was considered unnecessary to foster -or cultivate. It was so sure and certain that the political favors to -which Mr. Cosgrove was perhaps entitled were used to placate some more obstreper ous members of the party. . Endowed with a genial personality and being plain and outspoken, and yet not offensively aggressive, Mr. Cos grove made many friends. Not all of these friends were impressed with the belief that the Cosgrove statesman ship was of -a high, order, but they were all impressed with the rugged and unswerving loyalty of Mr. Cos grove. This feeling was reflected In the "second-choice" vote by which he secured the nomination for'Governor. The "first-choice" vote revealed the fact that the voters were hopelessly at sea, and could not possibly center on any one man to lead the ticket: Their "second choice," however, showed quite emphatically the high regard they had for Mr. Cosgrove. Mr. Cosgrove was long past middle age, and the disease with whi-vi h was troubled might eventually have OREGOmy, MOXDAY, killed him. even had h nHni - - AAVUl the whirl of politics and led a quiet life. For all that, his end" was unques tionably hastened by the nerve-wracking" turmoil to which he was subjected during the closing weeks .of his cam paign. "Dead Sea. apples" certainly grew on the political tree from which Mr. Cosgrove sought so long to gather fruit, but the pathetic circumstances of his death and long and upright ca reer in public and private life will give him a prominent place in the political history of Washington. . An Astoria dispatch brings the pleasant information that the Puget Sound Tugboat Company will place an opposition tug and pilot service on the Columbia River bar. As the Port of Portland has, taken over the service for the purpose of handling it at cost in order to attract shipping, it will of course, be quite satisfactory to have the Puget Sound philanthropists as sist in the good Work. This welcome is naturally contingent on the work' being placed in charge of some one be sides "Captain Kidd" Bailey, whose work with the Tatoosh was largely re sponsible for the change which the Port of Portland was obliged to make In the service. The possibility of hav ing Bailey on a job where there was no profit Is so remote, however, that it is perhaps needless to indulge in spec ulation. 'He stole the livery of the court of heaven to serve the devil In." is the one expression of a. solemn Scottish poet, Robert ; Pollok whose1 long poem, "The Course of Time," Is now never read which Is likely to last as long as proverbs in English last. Yet one single thing like this is mighty great. It is Immortality. Pollok's long poem, though suggested by By ron's "Darkness." is an elaborate es say in blank verse in the manner of Milton. Its theme Is the destiny of man. It seems to be preserved from oblivion by a- single passage, as Bai ley's "Festus" Is. Three thousand bushels of bluestem wheat sold in Pendleton Saturday at 11.16 per bushel, said to be the high est price ever paid for wheat at that point. With the king of cereals sell ing so far above $1 per bushel, there will undoubtedly be a record acreage harvested this season. This Increased acreage, with a good yield and con tinued high prices, will add a good, thick layer of prosperity over the wheat belt, which even now is far from being on short rations. Astronomers have discovered two hitherto unknown planets beyond the orbit of Neptune. Better call the peo ple's referendum on these planets, to ascertain whether they exist or not Which, incidentally, will discover whether the astronomers know what "they are talking about or not. ;Prob ably some conspiracy against the rights of the people. Prince Alexander of Servta declines to accept the right to the crown which has been conferred on him by the res ignation of Prince George. Perhaps the growing discontent of the Servian people, together with the recollection of what happened to the immediate predecessor of King Peter, may have had something to do with Inducing the young man to thrust the crown aside. .... . Now of course, since Oregon at last has adequate representation in the Senate, and "the people," through Bourne and Chamberlain, have their perfect representation, Oregon never more will want or lack anything from the Government at Washington. Oh, "the people" can do it when they try! While, of course, those lawyers de sire to have Supreme Judge Bean named to the new Federal judgeship they wish to assure President Taft that they will be ready with a fine large indorsement for the successful candidate. Mr. Heney and Mr. Burns have un earthed another gigantic conspiracy on the part of certain malefactors to defeat the ends of long-suffering jus tice. You can depend on Heney and Burns to come through in grand style before the curtain falls. The Kentucky Klick is preparing to put a straight Democratic ticket in the field, not necessarily for any one's vote, but merely as art evidence of good faith. . Or is it an evidence of good faith ? There was nothing small about that Danish poet and dramatist who left a large estate to be divided among four wives. The cable fails' to state wheth er he had them hooked up abreast or tandem. How would the persons who declare the match between the Jap Aokl and the Emery girl nobody's business but their own like to go through the world as half-breeds? Isn't the world hard enough when one is bbrn right ? Those "unknown" assailants , who bound and gagged Dottle Houck on the East Side will forever remain un known to all except DotUe. And Dot tie just dreamed about them. California has enacted, a primary law. but has left out Statement One. Other states leave out Statement One They call Oregon the "fool of the fam- If Whitla and that Boyle woman knew what distress they are making a lot of expectant people, they would not be so slow with that promised SCclTslCI9. 1 y Probably we would better annex Africa, too, thus solving the great question of what to do with our ex Presidents. .,?Lnce a coPerasre company has paid" 700.000 for a tract in the Nehalem Valley, there will soon be something doing in hoop poles in that township. Henry Hudson, who discovered 300 years ago the place where Broadway's bright lights shine, doubtless also dis covered the Manhattan cocktail - Another brief, is to be filed in the State Supreme Court In the case of Banker; Ross. There's no telling why a brief is called by that name. Each of the candidates for Portland Mayor seems confident that nobody like Mrs. Waymire could reach him. Theyvknow best. Rain knows when to come, was filling the eyes. Dust MARCH 29, 1900. THEIR RELATIVE IMPORTATHCE. Reclamation Service on the Ok Basel and Railroad on the. Other. Bend Bulletin., In determining whether or not a railroad should be permitted to build up the Deschutes Canyon into Central Oregon, just one consideration should be borne In mind, and that is: Which will be of more value to the state and Which will benefit th. .railroad into this section or a power m tne lower river? Which will return the greatest good to the great est number, a railroad or a power proposition? The reclamation service expects, by velop electric power, convey' l me proposed dam, to de- it over to '.the TJmattlln . - vjjcui soa pump water for the reclamation of 200.000 acres. An average valuation for that land would not exceed 150 per acre under a high state of cultivation. Thus the reclamation, project would Increase the taxable property of the state something like I30.000.QOO. Now let's, see how a railroad through the Deschutes Canyon into Central Oregon 5e,Ul1t?feCt the taabl Property of r - ' ln other words, affect the property valuation. 80,000.000 acres of land in the section h h?n,etlted by the proposed rail road, it is a conservative estimate to figure that a railroad into Central Ore gon would Increase the value of this land on an average 5 an acre. A ?L?r Cre V1C6. would lnorease able property olt the state 1160. 000,000. There it stands. 150.000.000 ln favor of the railroad as ajralnst ,30.000.000 for the reclamati or power project; an even five to one. ' There are still other ways to show the great difference in importance be tween the two undertakings. The Madras Chamber of Commerce states in a letter to the Portland Chamber that there are 600,000 acres of wheat land in the Madras section awaiting the coming of a railroad. This land would easily be worth 30 an acre with transportation provided. That would mean a valuation in the Madras section alone of 115,000,000. The Des chutes Irrigation & " Power Company has contracted to reclaim nearly 300 000 acres in the vicinity of Bend. A railroad would make the development of this land certain and rapid. It is generally conceded here that at a very conservative estimate this land will then 'be worth at the lowest 8100 an acre- That would mean a taxable valuation 'in just a small portion of Central Oregon of 130.000,000. These are only "drops ln the bucket" as com pared with the whole of Central Ore F.?n7lh! Prtlon that would be bene fited by the Deschutes railroad. There are the millions of acres of timber and mile after mile of land that some day will be cultivated either under irrigation or by dry farming. There is no comparison between the reclama tion service's power project and the railroad as far as the benefit to be de rived from each is concerned. The power project would make possible the reclamation of a paltry 200.000 acres. The railroad would open up an empire. Furthermore, competent enrT. state that sufficient power can be de veloped to reclaim the Umatilla lands and still allow the railroad to build over its pcesent surveys. If. this Is possible there should be no question whatever about, approving the rail road's right-of-way maps. The reclamation service men are in clined to argue that there are other routes for -a railroad into this section. There max be, but Harriman's engi neers, who have spent thousands of dollars in investigating that very ques tion, say there are no other practical routes. It is admitted by all that the Deschutes Canyon - furnishes the best grades and provides a water-grade downhill haul from this vast inland empire to tide water at Portland. In these days of keen competition freight rates play a most important part in trie prosperity of a country, and rates over a water-grade road would of course be lower than over a . road of heavy grades. That is another ' reason why the Deschutes Canyon should be left open to a railroad. Look at it in whatever light one may, there can be but one conclusion namely, that a railroad up the Des chutes is of far greater importance to the state as' a whole and. of course, to this section, than the power project contemplated by the reclamation serv ice. Measure the two propositions by the only true test, that of the greatest good to the greatest number, and the railroad - stands out pre-eminently above the other. What, then, is the logical conclusion' Judged by their relative importance should not the railroad be given first consideration? If there are to be any changes in plans 'the power project is the one that should give way. VERTICAL VS. LATERAL TRAVEL Twice as Many People Ride in Elevat ora aa on Streetcars. Pittsburg Dispatch. A striking illustration of the growth of business population housed in the big office buildings is furnished by an assertion in New York that nearly twice as many people are carried up and down in the elevators of those buildings as are carried horizontally on the transit routes of that city. A calculation of the work of the 8000 passenger elevators in New York esti mates their total transport at 6.500 000 passenger per day, while the Public Service Commission's figures put the total passengers per day on the sur face, elevated and subway cars at 3,500,000. " x These figures show that the compari son is not betweep the number of per sons carried each way, but the number if trips made by all persons. This makes the showing a little misleading as to the actual extent of each meth od's clientele. The average patron of the streetcar rides on them from two to four times a day. The average inmate of an office building will go up and down in the elevators from 6 to 20 times a day. Supposing the average trips of each transit passenger to be two a day, that would make 1.750.000 daily patrons of those lines. Supposing the average elevator trips to each person is but eight a day; that, makes 812,500 or a little less than halt the horizontal passengers. j Frank I)aveya, Teeter-Board. Harney County News. The Oregonian evidently cannot under stand how a newspaper can feel warm friendship for a man and recognize his great ability and general worthiness, while at the same time holding Itself in readi ness to criticise those acts of his which, are calculated to weaken him in the esti mation if his acquaintances. The News worships no man sufficiently to bow down to all his moods and tenses, nor hates it any man sufficiently to ignore hia really good qualities.. The Oregonlan however, rarely finds any good in those it opposes or any evil in Its satellites. Theae Remarkable Discoveries. Washington Star. The "greater than Washington" statesman is admirably discovered al most as frequently as the "greater than Shakespeare" playwright. j INTERESTING STORY. OF How the Associated For a plain tale of achievement in the face of extensive difficulties The Ore gonlan commends to its readers the story of what Salvatore Cortesi, manager at Rome for the Associated Press, did at Messina. That Cortesi got up from a sick bed and "beat the world" In telling the news of the greatest earthquake dis aster in history was something more than a newspaper triumph. It meant relief from suffering for thousands up on thousands of homeless people, for it Instantly stirred the sympathy of the great republic over-seas. IrT thanking this country for its generous aid the Italian government should thank most Cortesi and the Associated Press. One can understand how It came about that the United States was far advanced In inform atiop aa to the recent Sicilian earthquake, when Italy' and the rest of Europe were groping dimly for mere facta about the disaster, after reading the Associated Presa atory of how its report, were gathered and forwarded to this country. The Associated Press "beat" the world on the thrilling story, enabling the United States, to lead in the relief sub scriptions, because Salvatore Cortesi. in change of the big news organization's of fice in Rome, got up out of the bed in which he bad been confined by scarlet fever and took personal charge of the situation. Barely a convalescent, thin, yellow ekinned. and bearded like the pard, he "aL.uP.nl8:ht and day' giving a masterly exhibition of the quintessence of news sense, and succeeded in getting his copy onto the wires for the United States while the correspondents ot the world raged helplessly In Naples or clutched columns of copy while confined on vessels anchored far out of reach of the madly desired news. Cortesi was told that he couldn't get out of bed for three weeks. His as sistants, fearing information of the im portant news event would shock him into a dangerous relapse, made every effort to keep word of it from him. The sixth sense, that old-time newspaper men have, told him that something important was transpiring. . He eluded his physicians, got to the office, frightening the start by his startling physical appearance, and went to work. He already had some Important news triumphs to his credit, not the least of which was - his announcement to the tnited States that Pope Leo -XIII was dead before Europe and Italy had heard about It. He also had distinguished him self at the Algeclras convention and The Hague. ;. The sick chief rolled hia sleeves up over his thin, fever-ecarred arms, and organized his campaign. An emergency corps was perfected and sent out, and the windrows of messages that piled in from the South during the succeeding days were done into English, corrected, edited and tossed .to the cable trans mitters. This getting oft the messages was not easy. The government had re served all of the wires for its own use. with a diplomacy that would have dis tinguished an Ambassador at the Court of St. James he impressed upon those in authority the advantage of getting the details of desolation to those points from which . succor might be expected. He found an able assistant in this connec tion in American Ambassador Griscom who realized the important part the press was playing. The needed wires were ob tained. " ' As a result, the Associated' Press, be ginning on December 28. was able to give a connected running story of the great disaster which robbed the globe of 200.000 inhabitants. The first word of trouble was from Monteleone, Calabria, followed shortly by cablegrams from Cantanzaro and other places In Calabria. None of these gave an Inkling of the immensity of the disaster, but pieced to together they indicated that there had been another earthquake in or about the "heel of the boot." The dispatch that first hinted at the size of-the disaster was from Catania, and told of a tidal wave which hadin jured three vessels. Reference to the shipping registers showed that the ves sels were of large tonnage. To the trained minds in the cable-room the wave spelled death and destruction on shore. Cortesi at Rome took hold of a situ PRIMARY LAW I?T CALIFORNIA Bat Still California Will Have No "Statement One." The Argonaut, Ban Francisco. California is to have a direct primary system. The people, have willed it and the Legislature has provided it. Just what the law means in the form in which it has finally passed the legislative body, nobody, hot even the Legislature, really knows. No direct primary law has ever yet been adopted anywhere about which anybody has had any real knowledge. - Now, without pretending to have ana lyzed adeauatelv the meaaiira which ho. Just passed the Legislature, the Argonaut ventures to predict that the law in its operation will be full of surprises, marred by. inconsistencies, and that it will result in failure and chagrin. Instead of de stroying personal initiative In political af fairs it will transfer it to less capable and less honest hands. Furthermore, It will tend to eliminate men of high character and capability from official life and to put in their places mere self-seekers and public exploiters. It will increase the un certainties of politics, multiply rts cor ruptions, and assure its deteriomtinn a hundred points. We are to try this experiment because there are those among us who seek to destroy personal Initiative in politics. What they really want is to. substitute their own initiative for that of Boraebody else; but in this, as ln bther matters, it suits the policy of hypocrisy and men dacity to proceed by misrepresentation and fraud. Those who have brought this thing about will find no advantage in it, for they will quickly learn how slight Is the hold which they have upon the pub lic esteem. No system of politics will work itself No system will serve to sustain the po litical responsibilities of any community unless somebody takes a- sufficient Inter est in it to provide direction and lead ership. Stopped the Pwrcratlon, Chicago Post. "Your orchestras do not play 'Dixie any more, I notice," says the visitor in Alabama, as he and his host, the Lionel, stroll out betweeh acts. "No. suh." responds the colonel de cisively. "We used to have that grand old melody played, suh. at every oppor tunity, but so many blanked Yankees from South Bend. Ind., and South Haven, Mich, and South Charleston, O, got to risin' in their seats an' cheer in' tt, suh. that we decided it was high time to stop this desecration of ouh National alh." 't "He's a Good jMan Bnt. " Exchange. It is always. said of the bast of them "He is a gopd man, .but And he' has to die in order to get that word "but" cut off.- " ,' A BIG NEWS STORY. !IIa.fd the New. of the Sicilian ation as follows: His correspondent at Messina wa. dead ln the ruinr;bf his house. - Communication by tefB graph. cable, rail and sea with- the zone not "vft" WaVit off" Reea nad Towns His "rf the "OunUn JtV; w . fly,n squadron" was on xry- bUt 8t,U far from the stor UJV? was nothlnS to do but to trrck up the disconnected bits of rumored horror and deduct the facts Mr Cor- heurriW,lhrNeW.Yrk BVer ln M. .Kry "fter stor- to the cables sowing the seed from which grew the organized American relief whlchatne "tQUlSkiy that the 011 World Cts astounded. Washington and the Red Cross- promptly responded and funds fnhe'VrrT '"J0 Americans In the earthquake zone were detrr mlned. and the Scorpion at Constantl wfB, Seated as the nearest aster State" war vessel to the dls- 1 . V: Howard Thompson, chief of the Paris bureau, was ordered to Cortci s assistance, but meanwhile the latter had had a great stroke of luck. Kel logg Durland, an American newspaper man. happened to be ln Rome at the time. Cortesi promptly engaged him and sent him to Messina. , . Durland started out with - Guido rardo. an ItaUan correspondent with whom he had worked and bunked -in wlrH .1"' the Russian-Japanese war and the Russian revolution. Pardo was to act as colleague and Interpreter. RotiT tha firBt train out from Rome to Naples. The cars were occu pied exclusively by army officers and surmfsPes"dentS' chatter'ns out their tri,m the train "topped at Naples there was a mad dash for cabs car riages and conveyances to the water. the front of a tidal wave the officers and newspaper men swept across the city. Arrived at the dock. Durland learned that no one could get on the Italian ships, all of which had been commissioned by the government, without a passport. He was stumped ... ?' by chanc. heard someone in the street say that there was a Ger man ship in the harbor about to sail for Messina. They hastily rowed out t?-11,6 nly ship bearing a German flag Was the captain about to sail for Messina? He wa. Would he take tne American correspondent and -his friend? He would. In 40 minutes thev were off. while a mob of Italian and French correspondents, all with their passports carefully buttoned in their coats, bit their lips and hoped the gov ernment would soon move a ship. Durland and Pardo reached Messina 24 hours before any other correspond ents. They stumbled about in the ruins of the city under. the cloud of dark volcanic dusk and learned for the first time the extent of the disaster and then engaged ln a wild hunt for a wire. They found one a mile from the city on the railway to Palermo. Here the first news dispatch from -the vicinity of Messina was filed The telegraph wire was simple a tapped wire run down into a freight car. But the first message that reached Rome was filed by Durland the next morning at Catania, which he reached after an 11-hour train ride- in a car filled with wounded and dvlog During the day he hastened back-, to ' Messina. ,ta The journalists from Naples arrived the next morning. They all decided to return to Naples at once to write their "impressions." Their vessel was still in the harbor at nightfall. They were still there at breakfast time the next day. Pardo had forwarded a report from Catania 24 hours before; so that Xmrland did not share the frenzy- of the picked European journalists. Pardo gained passage on a French torpedo boat and forwarded another bundle of ' telegrams from a point. outside of Rg-- The two Associated Press men-lre-malned ln Messina a fortnight, with the exception of a day or two spent in a trip to Naples and Rome, tramp ing miles over the ruins, now sleeping In wet clothing on the quay, getunic an occasional night on a German French or English war vessel, but con stantly sending out the precious mes sages which enabled the organization to triumph continually over the flower of Old World Journalism. NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA." One of the Storlra of Hia Contact with Sir Hudson Lowe. In a violent and possibly undignified altercation one day between England's jailer. Sir Hudson Lowe, and the Em peror, Napoleon, the latter complained because "a book of Hobhoase, the emi nent philosopher, forwarded to him- by a friend, had been withheld by Lowe. "I detained the ' book because it was addressed to the Emperor," said Lowe. "And who gave you the right to dis pute the title?" cried Napoleon, in dignantly. "In a few years your Lord Castlereagh and all the others, and you yourself, will be buried in the dust of oblivion; or. if your names be re membered at all, it will be onlvlon account of the indignity with which you have treated me; but the Emperor Napoleon will continue forever the, subject of history and the star of civ ilized nations. Your libels are of . no avail against me. You have expended millions on them; what have they pro duced? Truth pierces through the clouds; It shines like the sun. and like the sun it cannot perish!" To which Sir Hudson Lowe replied. Tfou make me smile, sir." In a few years and what mattered it all then to that immortal soul no longer in bondage . to an earthly jailer m a few years on returning to Europe, it is recorded that "Sir Hud son Lowe dropped into a contempt which was so deep and so universal that even Wellington, in effect, turned his back upon the creature he had used, having no further need for just such a. man." and Castlereagh, aban doned by his following, "cut his own throat and was followed to his tomb by the hoots of an English mob!" "In a few 'years you and all the others will be buried in the dust of ' oblivion or, if your names be remem bered at all, it will be only on account of the Indignity with which you have treated me" for said Napoleon, "Truth pierces through the clouds; It shines like the sun, and like the sun it can not perish." The African Reporter. . New York San. xne editors were wading through A brand new Jungle tale. When Mable with hia pencil poised Set up a doleful wall. Quoth he: "Thl metaphor is mixed; It has ten Ions words, too," JFnd that brought on a warm debate On what was beat to do." And 'when they found a paragraph That really made no sense. Trie arrument broke out again. v The Interest was intense; And thoueh the scared minority Was very deeply shocked. The ruling of the council was That he be prorrfptly docked. Each word put to Improper use Coat one crisp dollar hill; And many were the passages They were obliced to kill. And when they reckoned what waa ana The writer for his stuff. They found that a rejection slip Waa Juat about enough. A