Morning Oregonian., January 01, 1909, SECTION THREE, Page 9, Image 37

TITE MORNING OREGONIAX, FRIDAY, JANUARY
lt 1000.
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RAILROADS LAY NEW TRACKS
Haniman Lines in Oregon Build to Undeveloped Sections of State Besides Improving Present Roads.
Br C. VT. Boarhke. Chlrf Kujrlnc Harrl
bum Liar In Pacifte NorUiweat.
TIIH Riparia-Lewlston Lin, which Is
72 mile In length and which fol
lows tha north bank of the Snake
River from Riparla to Lewlston. a dis
tance of 71 miles, waa completed and put
In operation m July. 1908. Thera was ex
pended during tha year 1908 on tola con
struction J3 000. The total coat of tha
line. excIusKa of equipment, ballasted
and ready for operation, waa $3,063,963.
Itaximum grades oa tha Una are two
t en tha of 1 per cent, and uaxlmum curva
la 2 degrees, and from an operating
standpoint la practically as good aa
though It were straight and level track.
Tha Iiwaco extension waa completed
during the year 19u8 and put In opera
tion on tha 1st day of June. Tha total
length of this extension, which Is 14
miles, was constructed at a cost oC
t""a 009. There was expended during the
year year 1908 J172.0UO. This line was
constructed to accommodate the beach
travel and waa made necessary on ac
count of tha shoal water at the original
eld landing point, llwaco. which pre
vented steamers from making landing
except between half and full tide. At
the new dock, which was constructed
at Mcglers, It Is possible to land at any
1 eta so of the tide, therefore allowing the
water lines to make dose connections
rlth the train at Meglers. which reduces
'the time between Portland and North
! Pach points about two hours and 30
'anrnutoa.
The Sigln extension, which Is 63 miles
in length, was practically completed to
the end of the line at Joseph, on No
vember 21. 1908. at a total cost of 81.-
174.S39. There was expended during the
year 190S on tills construction 1S56.9S5.
'The new line that was constructed, be
ginning at Elgin. 21 milea east of La
Grande, follows down the north bank of
the Grande Ronde River to the Junction
f the Grand Rondo and Wallowa Riv
ers: thence up the north bank of the
Wallowa River to the Junction of the
Minam and Wallowa Rivera, thence on
tha aonth bank of the Wallowa River to
where It enters the very fertile Wallowa
Valley. The scenery along the line be
tween Elgin and Joseph Is exceptionally
picturesque. One mile from the station
at Joseph U located Wallowa Lake, a
beautiful body of water five miles long
nd a mile and a half wide, varying In
epth from 100 to 800 feet. The aurfaoe
f this lake Is at an elevation of 4o00
leet above sea level and tha shores are
heavily wooded and will no doubt be
come a very popular Summer resort.
Line changes between Troutdale and
Bonneville were completed In 1908 at a
total coat of 19:8.50$. There was ex
pended during the year 1908 J16C.000.
This line change has cut out all of the
adverse grade between these two polnta
and taken out 1170 degrees of curvature.
The track has been laid with new
pound steel and ballasted throughout
The maximum curves have been reduced
from 10 degrees to 2 degrees.
The Beaverton & Willsburg Railroad
Company Is to connect Beaverton with
the main line of the Southern Pacific
Company lines In Oregon at Willsburg.
Work was started on this line In 1907.
but owing to the financial flurry work
was stopped in November. 1107. and
was started again on November 1. 1908.
Total expended to rtate on this line,
8233 000. of which 93.000 haa been ex
pended In 190S. All the ateel for tha
high bridge crossing the Willamette
River at Elk Rock is on hand, and It
Is the Intention to push this along to
completion as rapidly as the water con
ditions In the river will allow.
The Oregon & Washington Railroad
Company has constructed 1.13 miles from
gatlon Company's line at McKenna June- i
tlon to Swift Sc Company's packing
plant. Total expended to data, $194,763.
Expended during 1908, S3.0uO.
There were fifteen ateel bridges on
concrete masonry abutments constructed
on tha Oregon Railroad & Navigation
tracks remodeled at a total cost of $40.
800. At Albany a concrete block de
pot, together with remodeling tracks and
filling around station grounds, was com
pleted at a cost of $29,000.
At La Grande a coal storage plant
KALE FURNISHES GREEN FEED FOR STOCK? THROUGHOUT
ENTIRE TEAR.
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The accompanying Illustration shows a field of kale near Eugene. Al
though a comparatively new crop In the Willamette Valley, kale la being
extensively cultivated aa dairy feed. It growa outdoors all the year, and
leaves can be taken from the main stalk to furnish green feed for cattle
throughout the Winter. .
Company's line, replacing wooden bridges
during the year 1908 at a total cost
of $4-8.000. These bridges were all con
atructed on the main line between Port
land and Huntington.
Total miles of automatic signals on tha
Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company
and Southern Pacific Company, lines In
Oregon. BS6 miles. Total cost for this
6S6 miles of automatic block signals was
$384,000. Expended during 1908. $82,000.
A new freight and passenger depot
was constructed at Winona at a cost of
$7000. At Eugene a buff brick passenger
station was constructed and the yard
with a capacity oX 25.000 tons waa erected
during 190S at a cost of $39,000.
136 miles of 75-pound ateel, with tie
platea and laying, at a cost of $816,000.
Eleven miles of 90-pound steel, with tie
plates and laying, at a cost of $92,000.
Total expended during 1908 for new
rail, $908,000. Total new line put In
operation durlnx 190S. 160.12 miles; total
change of line, 23 miles; total amount
expended during 1908, J3.6S8.6S5. most of
which was spent during the last six:
months, very little work having been
done during the first six months on
account of financial trouble.
LOGGING IS BIG INDUSTRY
Billion Feet of Timber Annual Output of Country Tributary to Portland Baft3 Floated to California
tST Joha Went, nt Beaton I-ocxlnc Lom-
ber t ompMW.
IT been said that flgrurea are
uninteresting to newspaper readers;
and It haa been further said that
the general public Is little concerned
In the presentation of stupendous fig
ures, no matter what subject the fig
ures nay be used to illustrate.
Rut to comply with your request to
furnUb a brief article pertaining to
tha logging industry In tha Pacific
Northwest It will be neceaaary to use
figures not only to convey an Idea of
the vastueas of that Industry, but to
xpresa even the most abbreviated de
eription of the Pacific Northwest's
greatest asset.
An l.lea of the Importance of the
Jogging Induatry may be gained from
the fact that tha output of only that
territory directly tributary to the Co
lumbia River, and particularly to Port
land, averages 1.000.000.000 feet, board
measure, annually. An approximate
value f this Immense output Is $8,500.
K)0. Between 6000 and 7000 men are
employed In connection with the In
dustry, whose wages range from $3
to $6 per day.
To cstaM.rh a modern logging camp,
with proper equipment, requires an in
vestment of between $300,000 and $500.
tOO. dependent, of course, upon local
conditions. The annual pay roll of such
a camp will average from $75,000 to
$150,000. The average cost of putting
logs in the river In rafts, ready for
towing. Is from $3 to $6 per thousand.
Btumpiga commands prices according
to quality and availability, usually from
tl.bO to $3 pur thousand.
Strange as It may aound. until 15
years ago. the methods employed in tha
forests of the world, so far as the
logging Industry was concerned, were
aa primitive aa when King Solomon
aent forth his choppers Into the forests
f Lebanon to hew cedars for his tem
ple. The crudest of medieval methods
prevailed until that time as to the
manner and means of felling trees and
hauling them to a convenient place,
where they could be transported to
market.
The motive power was the sturdy and
reliable ox the same old ox that came
down through the ceuturies from the
most remote times. And a personage
of no mean importance was the driver
of thli ox. fr his stentorian "gee" and
"haw" have sounded through the for
ests of every nation and of him poets
have sun tlirojgh all ngi;s.
But his method was sl'-w, expensive
and unsatisfactory. Mr. S. Benson, of
the Bonson Logging Company, who has
spent the .r'Hter part of his life in
the logging Industry, determined to try
to b:iter conditions and facilities for
ham! ling the output of his camps on
the Cnlur.ibia River. lie decided to try
the efficacy of the donkey engine. The
loggers themselves were quite dubious
regarding the experiment, but Mr. Ben
son persisted, with the result that the
rntirc system of logging has been revo
lutionised and the Implements and de
vices used by him have been adopted
Jn every camp on the Coast.
With the Intention of opening new
mark, ts for the company's output and
enlarging Its field of operations. Mr.
Benson secured a site at San tlego.
CaU for the purpose of erecting asaw
miH and box factory and other build
ings necessary for a complete plant
for the manufacture of commercial
lumber. H also carried out the Idea
f constructing cigar-shaped log rafts
In the Columbia River, near the Ben
aon Company'a plant at the mouth of
the Clatskanie River, and then towing
them to San Ilego. Again he waa
characterized as a visionary, and pre
dictloua were numerous that the schema
would end disastrously, as most all at
tempts to tow rafts on the ocean ht.d
been unsuccessful. None had ever been
built stanch enough to withstand the
strain of wind and waves of the eea.
The late Captain Robertson was tha
first person to embark in the hazard
ous enterprise of building and towing
piling rafts, but unfortunately he was
unsuccessful, several of his rafts going
to pieces while being towed to San
Francisco. Ills successors, the Oregon
Rafting Company, however, landed sev
eral rafta of piling successfully In San
Kranclsco.
Mr. Benson, however, was convinced
that the plan was feasible and, profit
ing by the mistakes of the past, pro
ceeded to build a raft on Improved
lines. For this purpose a cradle 720
feet long. 62 feet wide and 34 feet
deep, pointed at the ends to preserve
the contour of the Intended raft, was
built. As the raft was building It was
bound securely by huge chains, spe
cially ordered and manufactured for
the purpose. One hundred and twenty
tons of chain alone was used In this
way.
The first of these rafts contained
3.000.000 feet of logs, board measure,
besides 400,000 feet of sawed lumber to
HUNDREDS OF ACRES BECOME PROFITABLE THROUGH
YOUNG ORCHARDS.
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Hundreds of acres of land In the WUlamette Valley, Hood River Val
ley and other parts of the state are beginning to pay big dividends through
their young orchards. The accompanying Illustration shows a young prune
orchard Just coming Into bearing. Prunes are one of Oregon's staple
products, and the output is becoming larger and more valuable each year.
Much care Is given not only to cultivation, but also to picking and pack
ing tha product.
be used In the construction of a saw
mill and other buildings at San Diego.'
The raft reached its destination with
out mishap, and the following year
three more were built.
Last year five were built, making a
total of nine and averaging 4.000.001
feet each, and reaching tha company'a
plant at San Diego without accident.
Striving for Btill greater results,
plans have been completed, in fact, the
cradle is already being laid, for the
biggest log raft ever constructed. The
dimensions of this giam craft will be
1000 feet in length, 62 feet in width.' 37
feet In depth, and It will contain 7,000,
000 feet of logs. To properly harness
this floating monster it will be neces
sary to use 160 tons of chain, which will
coat $17,000. Three months will be con
sumed in its construction.
The logs ara brought out of the forest
and the rafts built during both Winter
and Summer months, in order that they
may be ready for towing in Summer.
In addition to the cost of getting out
the logs, the cost of building the raft
is about $1.25 per thousand. The cost
of towing will in addition average
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STREET WORK IX PORTLAND.
Street improvements Jn Port
land during the past year haye
1 n vo lv e d an expenditure of
$1,751,253. or nearly twice that of
1907, when the total outlay was
$897,485. Two hundred and
thirty-one streets were improved
during 1908, betterments cover
ing 62 miles. During the same
time 63 sewers, with aggregate
length of 14 miles, were con
structed. Involving an expendi
ture of about $300,000, .including
the Brooklyn district sewer, now
almost completed. Excavation
work for street improvements
amounted to 646,022 cubio yards,
and cement sidewalk was laid
covering 1,408.645 square feet.
All of these improvements were
made under ordinance and are
exclusive of pavements and side
walks laid under special permits.
$1.60 per thousand. The distance be
tween the Columbia River and San Di
ego is 1200 miles and the time con
sumed In towing the raft that distance
is about 23 days.
Local Guild Ends
Year's Work
Portland Branch of National Charity
la Doing- Useful Service.
By Lilian Tingle.
THE Portland branch of the Needle
work Guild of America publishes
an official report showing that con
siderable progress has been made dur
ing the past year, not only in regard
to the number of garments contrib
uted, the number of institutions and
private cases assisted, but also In the
formation of new sections. At the an
nual tea, 1929 garments, given by Guild
members and others, were displayed.
Parcels of clothing and household linen
were distributed among 16 of tha char
itable Institutions in the city, accord
ing to the special needs of each; 23
private cases received donations, and
186 garments were kept in reserve for
emergencies. Already, however, the re
serve supply haa been exhausted. In
deed, four or five times the number of
garments would not have been too
many for the needs which the Guild
Investigates and endeavors to supply.
In most Instances this Is the only
source of new garments and linen for
those institutions that receive help
from' the Guild. The private cases,
however, have always the first claim,
and the assistance given is kept private
in fact as well as in name, for those
most deserving of help are usually
most sensitive In receiving lt.
It la hard to overestimate the value
of the work done by the Needlework
Guild and lt is hoped that during tha
coming year many new sections will
be formed in the outlying districts
of the city. Anyone interested in the
organization of a new section should
write to any of the officers whose
names are given below, who will gladly
supply Information and help.
This is emphatically an organization
a
i lie
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d of
portunity
The Reddest Apples
The Most Perfect Climate
The Most Scenic Environment
NO IRRIGATION
Required for Fruit
to Be Found Anywhere in the Northwest
-IN-
oseourg ana iiie
p qua Valley
1
Do you want a 10-acre orchard tract in the finest
fruit belt in the. world? Yes? Very well then. Write
for full particulars to the Land Company that has
made the "Umpqua Valley" famous the people who
are right now planting one of the largest commercial
apple orchards in the Northwest, near Roseburg
1000 acres to Spitzenberg and Newtown Pippins.
In our judgment each one of these 1 0-acre tracts will
find a ready sale, within five years, at one thousand dollars an
acre. For full particulars address
W. C. Harding Land Co., Inc.
ROSEBURG - - OREGON
for busy people and is one that en
ables the poorer as well aa the richer
members of society to give aid to those
less fortunate than themselves. Many
merchants, too. realize that, while
they benefit indirectly by the purchase
of the garments, they are also offered
on opportunity, inrougu mo uu..".
benefiting the city Institutions and les
sening the amount of general begging
by donations of goods Instead of
money. Merchants who contribute
have the right, if they wish, of desig
nating the institution to which their
things are to be sent; they are also in
vited to name a director to attend the
meetings of the Guild. The following
are the names of the officers and sec
tion presidents of this kindly and yet
eminently business-like charity:
TTonnrahle nrestdent. Mrs. m. w.
Corbett; president. Mrs. J. 8- Reed: sec
retary. Miss Anna M. Cremen; treas
urer, Mrs. Alexander Bernstein; board
of directors, Mrs. W. C. Alvord, Mrs.
H. Robertson, Mrs. Alexander Bern
stein, Mrs. William Brewster, Mrs. James
Laidlaw, Mrs. J. Meek, Mrs. a E. Hamil
ton; section presidents, Mrs. 'William
Jones. Mrs. Failing, Mrs. Thrall, Miss
K. Gile. Miss De Fries, Mrs. W. C.
Alvord. Miss A. Cremen, Mrs. John;
Meek, Mrs. Clara Garnett, Mrs. George
E. Chamberlain, Mrs. Herbert Holman,
Mrs. John Klosterman, Mrs. William
Woodward.
HOME OF RED STRAWBERRY
Luscious Fruit Keaches Perfection in This State Methods of Cul
ture That Bring About Best Results.
By El H. Shrpard. Editor of Better Fruit.
THE Hood River method of grow
ing atrawberrles Is somewhat dif
ferent from the methods generally
used throughout the Bast. The ground
in Hood River Is put In a perfect state
of tilth. Before starting the physical
condition of the aoll must be good. The
ground is first plowed, then karrowed
and In soils where there Is considerable
clay If the ground comes up lumpy a
clod-masher Is run over the field to
pulverize the soil and to level it after.
Next a marker, which can be made of
wood, is run. across the field to lay
off the ground so the plants can be
set in straight rows. A marker is
made after the principle of a Bled with
runners. These runners are 80 inches
apart and usually have from four to
six runners so as to lay off four to six
rows at a time. Before setting the
plants lt Is customary to trim the
roots.
Planting Is usually done by two men.
One man drops and the other uses an
ordinary hoe, the handle being cut off
to about 10 or 12 inches In length.
The hoe Is used for the purpose of dig
ging the hole. Great care should be
used In setting plants so that the crown
should be level. The plants should
be set in the soil at about the same
depth as they were before being taken
up from the plant patch. The hills
are usually from 12 to 16 inches apart.
The plants are usually set out In the
Spring or early in the Fall. There 'Is
no special preference. Growers usual
ly set In the Fall if the ground is ready
and convenient, if not, in the Spring.
It Is not advisable to set in the Fail
unless very early. The ground has to
be in order to get the required amount
of moisture In the soil to set the plants
growing,' which is somewhat difficult.
The cultivation of the berry plants
Is simple. Growers usually cultivate
with a five-tooth Implement during the
Fall season, running through the field
afterwards with a 13-tooth in order to
level off the roughness, following with
a good hoeing. This is done every
two or three weeks during the Fall.
After every cultivation the berries are
hoed. The object of the grower is to
keep the patch clean and keep the soli
level around the berry plants. In the
Spring the cultivation is different from
the Fall. Instead of cultivating deep,
the' grower aims to cultivate as light
ly as possible, usually a 13-tooth culti
vator is used which is pulled through
the rows with one horse. The lighter
the hoeing tha better the result. The
reason for this is that the roots of
the berry plants are near the surface
and deep cultivation in the Spring will
destroy a great many of these roots
consequently cutting short the crop.
In the Fall of the year after the berry
plants have finished bearing, the tops
are mowed off. In small patches the
tops are cut off with a boo. but In
large patches where the ground Is
level a mowing machine la used. A
mowing machine can be used without
Injury to the plants if the ground is
level, otherwise the hoe ts preferable.
The berries are picked by white fam
ilies and a great many Indians also
engage in this work. The berries
should be red or pink in color when
picked. If they are white or green,
they are not sufficiently ripe. The car
rier used is a small box with handles.
The sides of the box are about three
inches la height and the box Is large
enough to hold six quart hallicks. The
picker carries these to the packing
house. The price paid for picking is
1 cent per quart, and the quart oups
as they come from the field to the
packing house are poured on a tray.
This traV is about 14 inches square
with sides about two inches high. It
is covered with cheese cloth, the cloth
being soft, the berries are not bruised.
By pouring them on this tray the
packer is enabled to sort out the ber
ries and pack the berries that are In
shipping condition and perfect.
Berries that are too ripe or too green
are thrown In the cull pile as well as
the deformed berries, which are called
nubbins. The packer fills the quart
cup within about two layers of the
top and then levels lt off with another
layer on which to place the top layer.
The top layer is placed much in the
same 'manner as apples are packed,
that is In rows straight across. The
berries are faced up on top with four
rows of four berries making lfi ber
ries on the top layer. If the berries
run smaller the packer will put five
by five making 25 berries on the top
layer. Smaller berries than this are
not shipped. The berries are then
packed In a crate. The crate contains
24 quarts. The grower's name with
his postoffice address Is stamped on
the box, they are then hauled to the
union where they are loaded in car
load lots and shipped to Eastern cities.
There is only one variety of berry
grown In Hood River Valley, that Is
the Clark Seedling. It ships better
than any berry grown, and the Clark
Seedling grown In Hood River ships
better than any other berry or the
same berry grown in any other dis
trict of the world.
This season the berries netted the
growers from $2 to $3.26 per crate, net.
tn fact durinsr the last three years.
berry growers have netted from $2.25
to 12.50 average. The industry in
Hood River is quite a large one,
amounting to about 100 carloads per
year. The berry fields bring annually
to Hood 'River about 3150,000. The
climate and soil of Hood River seem
to be ideal for perfecting the Clark
Seedling. Strawberry growers are very
pains-taking in their work and the
union has been very, successful in get
ting good prices for the Hood River
strawberries, consequently the business
Is looked upon by growers In this val
ley as a very profitable business.
HOOD
RIVER-MOSIER
ORCHARD LANDS
UPON THE PAYMENT OF
$400.00
You can get a WARRANTY DEED
to 10 acres of the best apple land in
the famous Hood River-Mosier dis
trict, only 7 miles from Hood River
and 1 mile southeast from the town
of Mosier. Just think, one mile
from the depot, 6 trips a day when
marketing your apples. The FAM
OUS Davenport farm has been platted
in 10-acre tracts and is being sold at
EXTREMELY LOW PRICES.
Very easy method of payment can
be arranged for the balance of the
purchase price. These tracts are
selling rapidly and if you are interest
ed in orchard lands you should call
at once and investigate this offer be
fore they are all sold.
DO IT NOW
time to buy before
Apples grown on
this farm on exhibition in our office.
NOW is the
nrices advance
DEVLIN &
FIREBAUGH
FIFTH FLOOR SWETLAND BUILDING
5TH AND WASHINGTON PORTLAND. OREGON