Morning Oregonian., December 01, 1908, Page 8, Image 8

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TOKTLAM). TIKMJAY, DEC. 1.
l'CBUC BENEFACTIONS.
Mr. John Cloudesley clips the fol
lowing paragraph from The Orego
Iiian of recent date, and asks us to
print It again, -with his comment and
reply:
It la mighty hard for a man to whom
weaUh ha come through the movements or
hi day and time to arrange for the dispo
sition of his wealth so that It may con
tinue to exist, operate tor efficient and
'worthy ends, and be a possession forever.
Heirs most likely will dissipate It, and the
process of dissipation will be a curse to
them. How then to dispose of groat prop
erty, so that It may continue to be a J",Ty
lng force for the good of humanity, la the
question for men and women of wealth, who
are practical people of the world, yet still
arc philanthropists.
"I do not think It a difficult mat
ter." Mr. Cloudesley writes, "to make
suggestions whereby the disposition of
groat properties may be made a
working force for the good of hu
manity and bring honor to the bene
factors." He proceeds:
The Humane Society has lately Installed
number of drinking fountains for man and
beast in different parte of the city and it la
considered, a beneli. ent act. Next to the air.
I presume water is considered one of the
most essential natural elements needed.
As the growth of the city ts expanding
ery rapld'.y the city finds It necessary to
iTer for sale many millions in bonds to
supply the needs thereof for the present and
future population. Why does not some rich
man of Portland come forward and not
only supply this amount but also pay off
present bonded Indebtedness of existing
water plant, thereby conferring a blessing
upon every living thing In the confines of
the city limits?
This philanthropy would act In two ways.
'-1rst it would reduce the taxation of every
resident Second. It would enable the Water
Hoard to reduce the cost of water to such
an extent that every family could be al
lowed water for kitchen and toilet purposes
nearly free.
Another philanthropist might make the
el'y a present rf a lighting plant; another
of a streetcar system, thereby supplying the
absolute needs of a. larger proportionate
number of persons than any benefaction to
libraries, schools and colleges, which benefl
cencies reach a much smaller number of
persons'.
Would this be philanthropy? The
Orcgonian doubts It very much. Gifts
of putflie water fountains are proper
and useful; but in this direction phil
anthropy cannot go very far. The
limit is Easily reached. But It would
not be a wise exercise of philanthropy
to pay a city's debts or to supply It
with water, or with streetcar lines.
That is. the city should supply Itself
with necessaries, and not be dandled
Into indolence and Inefficiency. Pay
ment of the. debt of a city In this way
would only cause It to run into debt
a?atn; to supply the chief needs of life
to Its people would pauperize them.
The great fortunes that might be de
voted to such purposes would soon be
dissipated and the last state of the
city -would be worse than the first.
A sufficient further reason why
"some rich man of Portland" decs
not come forward and do these great
things, or some of them. Is that there
are no very rich Individuals in Port
land, and every person In such a city
h is need in his business for most of
his resources. Such gifts would ruin
the active businvs of the city on the
.one hand, and pauperize the people
'on the other.
Philanthropists desire to make their
gifts helpful and lasting. It Is a prob
lem. Men and women of Portland
hive given much money for philan
thropic purposes, and will give more. I
There have been some large benefac
tions; Instance that of Mr. and Mrs.
S. G. Reed, and that of Miss Ella
Smith, whose fortune went Into the
Portland Library grounds and build
ing. The old pioneers of Portland,
w ho made money here, were all gener
ous, and gave generously to public
objects. But they couldn't give away
their estates entire, because they had
obligations to the community and to
posterity. They knew that though
they were passiner away business must
be continued, and they could not for
get their duty to those who were to
e icceed them.
There are some who 'can give much,
and yet have much remaining. Oth
ers, not so many, closing business and
tfving without potsterity, must leave
or give all. Yet whether the wealth
of one description or of the other be
mall, moderate or great, it Is a prob
lem how to dispose of it so it shall
imt.be consumed or wasted, may con
tinue to operate for worthy and effi
cient ends, and remain a possession
forever. We should think it not the
best way to reach 'these results, to
pay a 'ity's debts or give it water
works or streetcar lines. One might
as well "blow it In" for a pyramidal
monument like that of Cheops, and
better: for the labor employed In
building it would be paid for, and the
monument would stand for ages, for
the admiration of the world, after
your water works and streetcar lines
have been replaced by others, or are
rust and dust. A school sufficiently
endowed for instruction and for per
manence, or a great public park, or
memorials to historic characters
seems wisest; for whatever Is devoted
to the interests and wants of today
will surely be consumed, and in the
consumption it will enfeeble effort In
those that follow. Th-n even the
memory of it will perish, and that
right early. The problem therefore
remains. Xothing can be perpetu
ated under the sun; but philanthro
py's puzzle Is to do the best It can.
Men and women do not so much de
sire and fx poet that their names shall
live as that their bequests shall do
good and he a continuous benefaction.
Waste Is so easy. A property be
queathed, to do good, should not be
dWaipated In current expense, but
should be so arranged as to be perma
nent, and If possible productive. Only
so can a legacy be good for anything.
Vsed up, or wasted, it Is nothing.
Names of but few of all of us will
liv). "The iniquity of oblivion." says
?!r Thomas Browno. "blindly scatter
th her poppy, and deals with the
memory of men without distinction to
merit of perpetuity. The greater part
C"1
st be content to be as though, they
had not been, and to be found In the
register of God, not In the record of
man." Again, "The Egyptian mum
mies, which time or Cambyses hath
spared, avarice now consumeth.
Mummy is become merchandise, Miz
raim cures wounds, and Pharaohs are
sold for balsams."
Such things all observant and re
flective persons know. But they
want what they leave to the world to
be a help to it. and a force in it, as
long as possible. Money left to the
public may be a curse to It, as wen as
money left to the testator's posterity.
Tet the rational person cannot forget
his descendants. The problem is dif
ficult and advice la ready. But since
permanence for every benefaction Is
an object of desire, the study of what
Is best will always be a trouble to
philanthropists.
MANY MTTBDERSj FEW HANGINGS.
Multnomah County has a dozen
murderers In Jail, but It has had no
execution for many months or years.
Ask any one when the last hanging
occurred In Portland or at Salem
of a Portland murderer and ho
cannot tell you. But murders are
Just as frequent as hangings are in
frequent, and largely ror tnat ree.
son. Now we have a lawyer who
murders another lawyer in oold blood
because the victim had done his
duty sternly and fearlessly. The mur
derer, being a lawyer and used to the
ways of the law and of Juries, of
course thought he never would reach
the gallows. Why should he have
thought he would be hanged? No
murderer with money, or friends, or
Influence, or family, ever has been
hanged here.
It is useless to Inquire now how
much the law or the courts are to
blame for this dreadful condition.
There would be hangings enough if
public sentiment demanded it; and
we should hear less about "emotional
Insanity" and "temporary mental
aberration" if the public should
make up Hs mind to tolerate no
longer that common fashion of legal
buncombe. Any man may suffer from
hallucinations or aberrations; but If
he Is sane enough or cunning enough
to form a plot to kill another, and
does it, he is sane enough to be
hanged for It; and society makes a
horrible mistake when it fails to re
quire that he be hanged. If he is
sane, he should pay the full penalty,
because justice requires it; if he is
insane "temporarily" he should be
exterminated, because society must
protect itself.
Let us hang a few of our murder
ers who axe afflicted with "emotional
insanity" or "temporary aberration"
and then we shall have fewer mur
ders and greater protection and
safety for society. It twill be well to
begin with Finch.
MR. BRI STOWS ERROR.
If Senator-elect Bristow, of Kansas,
really said, as he is reported, that
more than half the Federal Judges
are controlled by the railroads, he
spoke without warrant. The number
is much larger than It ought to be,
but It falls far short of half the whole
body of the Judiciary. When a judge
Is "controlled" by anybody or any
thing except a sense of Justice and a
knowlegde of the law, he Is unlit for
his position, and it Is incredible that
any large proportion of the Federal
Judges are either timid or dishonest.
Undoubtedly their appointment hith
erto has depended too much upon In
fluences Indifferent to the public good.
Senators virtually elected by corpora
tions have named Judges to decide
corporation suits. This may not be
evil, but It has that appearance of
evil which the Scriptures warn us to
shun. The people of the various dis
tricts ought to have a voice in the se
lection of Federal Judges, and they
might have a powerful one If they
would send In petitions to the Presi
dent at the proper time. For the Ills
we have to endure In this particular
Senatorial secrecy and our own neg
lect are greatly to blame.
POUTICAX. COWARDICE.
Carl Schurz, In his memoirs, has
many Impressive passages; among
them this one, viz:
I have had an active part In a great
many political campaigns and prcbably ad
dressed as many popular meuttngs as any
man now living: and I have always: found
that whenever any publio queatlon under
publto discussion had in It any moral ele
ment, an appeal to the moral sense of the
people proved uniformly the most powerful
argument. ... With the majority of
the people, notably the "plain people"
using the term In the sense In which Abra
ham Lincoln was wont to use it I found
the Question. "Is this morally right?" to
have ultimately more weight than the ques
tion. "Will this be profitable T"
We have, indeed, sometime witnessed
so-called "craxee" In favor of financial poll
cleg that were essentially t nmorsj, such as
the "Inflation craze" and the "silver craze,"
gaining an apparently almost IrresUtlble
momentum among the people. But that
was not owing to a real and widespread
demoralization of the popular conscience,
but rather eso an artful presentation of the
question which covered up and disguised
the moral element in It. and so deceived
the unsophisticated understanding, and also
to the cowardice of politicians of high as
well as low rank. who. instead of courage
ously calling things by their right names,
would, against their better convictions, yield
to what they considered a strong current of
opinion, for fear of jeopardizing their per
sonal popularity. I have seen men of great
ability and high, standing in the official
world do the most astonishing things tn
this respect when they might, as far as their
voloes could be heard, have easily arrested
the vicious heresies by a bold uttenmce of
their trne opinions. The moral cowardice
of the politicians la one of the most danger
ous ailments of democracies.
One of our historians, writing of
the convention that framed the Fed
eral Constitution, says:
At the very outset eome of the delegates
began to exhibit symptoms of that peculiar
kind of moral cowardice which Is wont to
afflict fret governments, and of whtch
American history furnishes so many Instruc
tive examples. Tt w-as suggested that palli
atives and half measures would be far
more likely to find favor with the people
than any thorough-going reform, when
Washington suddenly interposed with a brlof
but Immortal speech, which ought to be
blazoned In letters of gold, and posted on
the wait of every American assembly that
shall meet to nominate a candidate, or de
clare a policy, or pass a law, so long as the
weakness of human nature shall endure.
Rising from his Presidential chair, his tall
figure drawn up to Its full height, he ex
claimed In tones unwontedly solemn with
oppressed emotlont "It Is too probable
that no plan we propose will be adopted.
Perhaps another dreadful .onfllct is to be
sustained. If. to please the people, we
offer what we ourselves disapprove, how
can we afterward defend our work? Let
us raise a standard to which the wise and
the honest can repair; the event Is tn the
hand ol God."
That Is Impressive, too. The cow
ardice of politicians is the bane of
popular government. Speaking of
the peculiar "pledge" as to election of
Senator In Kansas, and the absurdly
cross purposes It has brought about,
the Kansas City Journal says:
The legislator who. has the courage to
obey the Constitution and vote for that
oaadldate who to him seems worthy of the
office win be commended by the people.
The legislator who vctes for a candidate
who to him seems unworthy will hsve noth
ing to plead In extenuation of his act but
party tyranny acting upon "that peculiar
kind .or moral cowardice wntca is wont to
afflict free governments."
WORLD'S GREATEST ENTERPRISE.
Next to Mr. Harriman's rehabili
tation of the Pacific railroads, the
Panama Canal Is the greatest indus
trial undertaking of reecnt years.
Some of the figures In the annual re
ports are almost bewildering in their
immensity. With 300 locomotives
4000 cars and 100 steain shovels, and
men and other equipment In keeping
with the main part of the plant, the
project is certainly of sufficient mag-
nitudo to attract the attention of the
world.
The cost, as shown by the annual
report. Just filed, has already reached
a total of $84,572,998, exclusive of the
50,000,000 paid the French and Co
lombian governments, or a grand total
of something more than 112 8,000,000
which Is quite a tidy sum for even
the greatest government on earth to
be expending as a starter on an enter
prise that promises to change the
trade routes of the world. As the in
terest charges on this Investment are
now nearly $20,000 per day, the rapid
progress being made la of exceptional
value. The sum is great enough to
warrant the paying of a bonus for
still more rapid work.
THE IMPARTIAL GALES.
November gales are strictly impar
tial In their handling of ships.
whether the latter are encountered off
the Columbia River or off Cape
Flattery. For that reason, whenever
a poorly ballasted ship is caught on
either port, she Is liable to be buffet
ed around as long as the gales rage,
or until a tugboat can get hold of
her. These conditions are pretty well
understood In old shipping communi
ties like Portland, but in the past,
whenever one of these economically
ballasted craft was blown away from
the Columbia and experienced diffi
culty In beating back into position,
our loving friends on Puget Sound
became needlessly horrified over the
dangers of the Columbia Bar, and
swung their hammers with great
vigor. In this questionable proceed
ing, they have at times been Joined
by a number of shipowners whose
partiality for the etorm-haunted en
trance to the straits of Fuca might
In part be explained by the fact that
the underwriters have paid them for
many a fine ship, which during sea
sons of poor freights was worth more
to the owners as a wreck on the iwest
coast of Vancouver Island than sail
ing round the world at a loss.
As an illustration of the Impartial
ity of these November gales the fol
lowing special dispatch from Port
Townsend to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer
is interesting:
The British ship Craigmore, which reached
port -this morning, reports an experience tn
attempting to gain an entrance to the
Straits of Fuca that Is unparalleled in the
memory of local mariners. For 31- days the
master tried ineffectually to make a posi
tlon near or Inside .Cape Flattery, where
a towboat could be sighted. Storms arose
and the vessel has been buffeted off the
Washington and Vancouver Island coasts.
Despite this alleged "unparalleled"
experience, the. memory of the local
mariners on Puget Sound must be
failing, for It Is but little more than
two years since a loaded French bark,
the Bidart, was held off Flattery for
more than a month, and seldoVn a
season passes unless some of the
ballast fleet are detained from a
month to six weeks before they get
Into the straits, or pile up on tho
west coast of Vancouver Island,
w'hich is most appropriately termed
the graveyard of the Pacific. The
Craigmore reached port with food and
water running low, and her master
is probably duly thankful that he
reached port at all.
The experience of the Craigmore is
not unusual for the Winter season,
either at Puget Sound or at Portland.
It is an experience that in recent
years of low freights, has become not
infrequenL The responsibility lies
In part with the wintry gales, but
the owner who sends a poorly-ballasted
ship to sea must also bear a
portion of the blame when the ship
is delayed, or when she piles up on
that terrible north coast, sacrificing
the lives of the crew to the greed for
profits.
INVITING TRAIB TROUBLE.
Speaking on the topic "Industrial
Future of Canada" at thd annual
dinner of the New York Chamber of
Commerce, President B. E. Walker,
of the Canadian Bank of Commerce,
last week presented some very inter
esting facts bearing on our trade re
lations with our Northern neighbor.
The speaker showed that In ten years
the Unitad States had made pur
chases from Canada to the extent of
$747,246,000, while for the same pe
riod the Canadians had bought from
the United States to the amount of
$1,430,852,000. These figures might
not have seemed so unfair and out of
proportion had not Mr. Walker sup
plemented them with a statement
showing that for the same period
Great Britain had bought from Can
ada to the amount of $1,174,385,000,
and in turn Canada had purchased
from Oreat Britain to the amount of
only $599,047,000.
This disparity In relation between
exports and. Imports naturally makes
It very expensive for Canada to do
business with us, for it moans that
that heavy balance of trade must
stand the cost of double exchange.
In other words, instead of our Can
adian commerce being a natural Inter
change of commodities, we force the
Canadians to sell so much of their
product to Kngland that they must
pay exchange on the balance due
them over and above the amount
purchased from Kngland. Then In
turn they must pay additional ex
change on another balance of trade
against them In their dealings with
the United States. The argument of
our eminent standpatters of course
Is that the Canadians do not buy
anything from us that they are not
forced to have. This may be true,
but they bought rt with a poor gijace,
and the feeling that they have to
wards us and the possible result of
this attempt to get all and give noth
ing Is reflected in si serious predic
tion by Mr. Walker.
"Beyond a peradventure," said he,
"If you do not open your doors a
little more liberally to us, so that we
can more nearly pay you In goods In
stead of always drawing on London
for the purchase price of what she
hHs bought from us,' in order to pay
you, you will leave us no alternative
but to keep up our tariff walls, until
we can create at home, almost every
manufactured thing you sell us on
the one hand, while on the other we
will seek trade preferably with any
nation, which takes payment in goods
so as to lessen our payment of actual
money to you."
Another very interesyrig point on
the barrier we have built against
Canada was pointed out by Mr. Clif
ton Sifton, of Ottawa, who stated that
the natural route for traffic for a
great portion of the Dominion should
have been southward through the sea
ports of the United States. He as
serted that there were no natural ob
stacles in the way of this movement
of commerce, but that the tariff bar
rier had effectually shut them out of
the use of these American ports ex
cept at great expense and trouble,
and had forced them to build east
and west, to ports much less favorably
situated. The force of these argu
ments will probably appeal to this
country after the threatened reprisal
becomes an actuality.
Washington dispatches, reporting
progress of the tariff revision discus
sion now occupying the attention of
the ways and means committee at
Washington, say that the question of
classification of beaded curtains has
given rise to a great many disputes.
This will be glad news to the average
wage-earner who has, suffered from
the burden placed on him by an ex
cessive tariff. So long as the "re
visionists" are engaged in "disputes"
over .beaded curtains, we can rest
assured that the Interests of the com
mon people are being closely guard
ed. It is, of course, matter of small
concern to some of us whether
beaded curtains are admitted free or
with a Carnegie duty attached, but
the ways and means committee Is
not supposed to be looking after the
.welfare of any particular branch of
the people, and perhaps, if there are
enough "disputes" started over bead
ed curtains, we may hope for at
least a mild discussion over some of
the necessities of life which are now
available to the dwellers of other
countries at less price than we are
compelled to pay.
The record-breaking pace estab
lished by Portland' and Puget Sound
in September and October wheat
shipments was too fast to be main
tained, even with a large crop to draw
on. As a result there is a marked de
crease in November exports from
both ports. Portland contiunes to
make the best showing, wheat ship
ments for the month decreasing but
400,000 bushels as compared with No
vember, 1907, while from the Puget
Sound ports there was a decrease for
the month of more than 1,000,000
bushels. In flour shipments Portland
showed an increase over last year, the
foreign flour shipments from this port
being more than double the amount
shipped from all Puget Sound ports.
The rapidity with which the crop
moved early this season Is shown In
aggregate shipments from Portland
and Puget Sound (flour Included) of
more than 14,000,000 bushels, while
last season, with a crop 16,000,000
bushels larger than that now going to
market, the shipments to December 1
were less than 17,000,000 bushels.
The immediate Interest of the pub
lic in the meeting of the Oregon State
Horticultural Society and Northwest
Fruitgrowers' Association, beginning
in Portland today, is in the display of
apples, pears and other fruits that
have made Oregon famous. It is an
nounced that a most wonderful collec
tion of the state's pomological mar
vels has been made, showing that the
fruitgrowers of Oregon improve
somehow from year to year on their
perfect product. Of course I .ere will
be much of profit and Instruction in
the meetings of the societies, where
many valuable papers will be read
and discussed; but the show feature Is
nevertheless for the world at large,
which knows but little how the fruit
is produced, and cares but little
more; but it cares mightily about the
result. The display begins at 2 P. M.
today at Woodcraft Hail, on Elev
enth street, and will continue for the
three following daj's.
Studens of sociology, reformers.
legislators and the general reader
will find a mass of well compressed
official information on the subject of
marriage and divorce In the United
States, furnished by the Census
Bureau, In this issue of The Orego
nlan. Its accuracy need not be ques
tioned. Our neighboring state of
Washington heads the list of divorces
In proportion to population, the per
centage being almost double that of
South Dakota, of unenviable notor
iety. Oregon, too, outdoes Middle
Western states, where divorce laws
are abominably lax. However It is
probably not true that there Is more
marital lnflellcjty to the square Inch
in the Pacific Northwest states than
east- of the Rockies. Most of the
marriages that terminated In divorce
proceedings within Oregon and
Washington were not contracted in
these states.
Councilman Kellaher, talking oh
light for the streets and for tho pub
lic buildings of the city says:
The lighting of the city for the ensuing
year will cost the taxpayers not less than
$12o,Chh. or 4 per cent on an Investment of
e't.000.000. It Is a notorious tact that the
city even at that expense la not lighted
as It should be. For an Investment of
$3,000,000 on which the city is now paying
practically e per cent Interest, Portland
could have a municipal plant and an Im
proved lighting service.
It seems to be assumed, in this
statement, that the cost of operating
the plant would be nothing, nor cost
or loss through depreciation anything.
It is believed, however, that accept
ance of this reasoning would lead the
city into error. Depreciation cer
tainly would be something and cost
of operation as surely would be some
thing. We should guess a large share
of another $125,000 per annum. If
not Indeed the whole of that addition
al sum or even more.
If the Garden of Eden had been
more populous at the time, there is
no doubt an attorney would have of
fered to defend the serpent In the
case of the Government vs. Adam
and Eve et al.
How can a member of the Legis
lature make a "choice" for United
States Senator when he Is required by
an unconstitutional pledge to "choose"
some pne he doesn't want?
Why cannot the police, who are so
helpless before a murder occurs, and
generally after, go to the root of the
evil by making war on the carrying of
concealed weapons?
Mr. Root will be Senator from New
York, largely because Roosevelt
wishes it. That African trip hasn't
begun yet.
Some persons can never appreciate
this kind of line weather until they
see an Imitation of it in some other
country.
Finch "cannot remember" anything
about that murder. Will the public
so readily forget?
FATHER O'HARA'S SHARP REPLY
1VW (in ralhnllc Church Is Not
Enemy of freedom.
PORTLAND. Nov. 30. (To the Edi
tor.) It appears from the report of
Dr. Heppe's Sunday eermon in this
morning's Oregonian that tho doctor
thoua-ht It well to break the monotony
of a drowsy half-hour by a fling at
the "Romish Church wltn its anti
quated ritualism and ecclesiastical
tyranny," which he thinks would have
been fatal to the growth of freedom
in Ameroca. The doctor Is to be con
rrrntulRted on revivinsr a hprase whtch
had been consigned to oblivion with
the bigotry by which it was engen
dered. "Antiauated ritualism and ec
clesiastical tyranny." That sounds
well. And "Romish"! That's immense.
But les the phrase pass. I shall not
dream of expostulating with a man
who sees no impropriety in referring
to the Catholic Church as the "Romish
Church." and that before a cultured
audience In the 20th century.
It Is nothing short of presumption
to question the historical accuracy of
one who is so intimately acquainted
with the designs of the Deity as to be
able to declare that we have witnessed
"God's last and supreme effort in be
half of the race." But I would can
tion the doctor to speak softly about
"ecclesiastical tyranny when he men
tlons .the name of England. He may
never heard of the "Catholic Disabili
ties" which disgraced that country
for three centuries almost to the time
within the. memory of men still living;
but surely he has heard of Ireland
with its "woes and its wrongs for 300
long years."
But the doctor's excursion Into his
tory has been particularly unfortunate,
The fact is that it wsa not the Puri
tans who introduced the principles of
religious toleration into the colonies.
It remained for Lord Baltimore to ex
empllfy in the Catholic colony of
Maryland the .principle of toleration
for Protestant and Catholic alike. Cecil
Calvert instructed his brother on set
ting sail "to be very careful to pre
serve unity and peace, and to suffer
no scandal nor offense to be given to
be given to any of the Protestants.
Lord Baltimore invited the oppressed
of all lands to Join his colony, and In
answer to his invitation, says Ban
croft, "from France came Hugenots,
from Germany, from Holland, from
Sweden, from England, I believe from
Piedmont, the children of misfortune
sought protection under the tolerant
scepter of the Roman Catholic.
More could be eaid on this subject
It may, however, suffice to suggest.
by way of conclusion, that. In view of
the record of Catholio loyalty to our
great country, a minister of the gospel
might be better engaged than in in
sinuatlng that the Catholic Church is
un-American.
LIFT IN THB OREGON COUNTRY
osm Dark Habitat.
Hillsboro Independent.
"Now, Mr. Tambo, can you tell me,
sah, where Moses wag when the light
went out?" "Why, Mr. Bones, dal's easy
In Hillsboro, of "course." The entire
company will now Join in that good old
song, "Get a Candle at the Corner
Grocery Store." . .
Ills Thanksgiving; "Turkey."
Philomath Review.
The editor and family were gener
ously remembered Thanksgiving with
about 20 pounds of fresn pork by our
esteemed friend, A. M. Gray, of Pleas
ant Valley. Several of Mr. Gray's fat
hogs had died the day previous and we
readily accepted the invitation to help
him eat them.
One Useful Dog.
Moro Observer.
Jack, the minister's dog, was put to
use as a messenger Wednesday of last
week to bring in the delinquents at the
Dorcas Society. A note was pinned to
his collar and he was told where to go
and he didn't stand on the order of
his going, and the note was effective.
Appendix Out, He Can Ent.
Drain Nonpareil.
Among the numerous blessings the
editor of this paper had to be thank
ful for yesterday was a basketful of
nearly everything that Is good to eat,
which was presented by Mrs. Merrlam.
It Is needless to add that the good
lady has our sincere thanks for this
nice treat. It almost makes a fellow
wish his neck was as long as a rake
handie while eating such good things,
in order to enjoy the taste as long as
possible, ,
Society Man Takes Trolley Line Job.
Philadelphia (Pa.) Dispatch.
In blue overalls and a jumper, E. W.
Clark, son of Clarence M. Clark, banker,
and himself prominent socially, has
been making tests of electric current on
the East Side electric system in St.
Louis.
For ten days young Mr. Clark was
one of "the workmen" on the St. Louis
system, of which his father is presi
dent, and during his stay there he ate
in cheap eating-houses and slept In a
modest-priced lodging-house. His fel
low workers learned to know him as an
affable, Industrious young man, but at
no time was there the least suspicion
that he was other than one of thousands
of young men who are just "making a
living."
At home. In Philadelphia, young Mr.
Clark is known In the younger Ger
m an town set, and he is a member of
the Germantown Cricket Club. He had
left St. Louis before bis fellow workers
learned his identity.
Certainly In the Swim,
Irrlgon Irrigator.
It Is wonderful how Portland Is
growing. We were down there last
week and could hardly believe the
number of buildings under way, until
we actually saw them. We remember
the time, and not many years ago, when
the Portland people made a great hur
rah when a four or fie-story build
in? was begun. Now they do not think
such buildings worth mentioning, for
there are dozens of structures of from
ten to thirteen stories under way.
And vet one can hardly find an empty
office room In the whole town. Surely
the Rose City Is In the swim or pros
perity. Costs Chanler 9730.1 to Be Defeated.
New York Dispatch.
i...,Annnt.r:nvArnnp ClmnlAr'S linRlin-
cessful Gubernatorial campaign cost
him $7305.27, according to his certifi
cate of election expenses just filed with
the Secretary of State. Of this $5000
was paid to Chairman William J. Con
ners as a contribution to the Democrat
ic State Committee, Governor Hughes,
who defeated Chanler, spent $369.65.
Clarence J. Shearn, Independence
League candidate for Governor, spent
935, of which $500 went to the In
lependence League campaign fund.
Warnloor to Antl-Bryanlte.
Washington Star.
This much is certain: Anti-Bryan
Democrats have full and fair warning.
The peerless leader Is still a-leading,
and still hopeful of success. He will
tr to control the next Democratic Na
tional convention, and if for his poli
cies why not also for another nomi
nation for himself?
American Football Slaughter List.
Philadelphia Record.
The. football season Is over. Thug far
the casualties foot up 13 dead, 129 seri
ously injured. Considering the num
ber of combatants engaged, the game
is proportionately more strenuous and
deadly than actual war.
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE FOR PAST 40 YEARS
Ccnp.ni. Bureau Tabulntes the Official Record; Divorce Two and a Half Time.
" common n Forty Year. Ago, One Marriage In Twelve Terminated by
Divorce) Average Duration of Marriage Ten Veitra.
Last week the Census Bureau completed
the compilation of statistics of marriage
and divorce for the period of 18S7 to 1906,
Inclusive. This work was done under the
supervision of Carroll D. Wright, acting
as expert special agent of the Bureau.
The total number of rqarringcfl recorded
during the 20 years was 12.S32.014. The
number annually reported Increased from
4S3.0S9 In the year 1W7 to S63.290 In the
year 1906. The Increase year hy year was
by no means uniform. The marriage
rate Is quickly responsive to changes in
economic conditions. A small increase
shown for 1S93 and an actual decrease in
the succeeding year reflect the influence
of the panic of 1S92. and normal condi
tions do not appear to have been re
stored in the matrimonial market until
the year 1S99. It is computed that if the
average annual increase in marriages dur
ing the five years ending with 1S92 had
continued for the next six years, the ag
gregate number of marriages contracted
during the latter period would have been
greater than it was by 259,813. It is to be
presumed that a considerable number of
persons in this large total never con
tracted marriage. This suggests a loss
to the community heretofore little con
sidered In connection with periods of
financial depression.
Marrtrure Rate.
The marriage rate in the United
States In the year 1900 was 93 per 10,
000 population. Based upon the adult
unmarled (single, widowed or divorced)
population, the rate becomes 321 per
10,000, indicating that in each year
something over 3 per cent of the un
married adult population marry. The
marriage rate based on the total popu
lation Is higher in the United States
than in any other country for which
reliable statistics are available. But
taking the marriageable population as
the basis that Is, the population
Which is of marriageable age but not
married the rate in the United States
is not as high as it is in Hungary, is
about the same as it is in Saxony, but
is still higher than In any of the other
countries included in the comparison.
Kenrly One Million Marital Fall-urea.
The total number of divorces report
ed for the 20 years, 1887 to 1906, in
clusive, was 945,625. For the earlier
investigation, covering the 20 years,
1867 to 1886, inclusive, the (lumber re
ported was 32S.716, or hardly more than
one-third of the number recorded in the
second 20 years. At the beginning of
the 40-year period, covered by the two
Investigations, divorces occurred at the
rate of 10,000 a year; at the end of that
period the annual number was about
66,000. This increase, howeyer, must
be considered in connection with in
crease in population.
An increase of 30 per cent in popu
lation between the years 1870 to 1880
was accompanied by an Increase of 79
per cent In the number of divorces
granted. In the next decade. 18S0 to
1890, the population Increased 25 per
cent and divorces 70 per cent, and in
the following decade, 1893 to 1900, au
increase of 21 per cent in population
was accompanied by an Increase of 66
per cent in the number of divorces.
In the six years from 1900 to 1906, popu
lation, as estimated, increased 10 and
five-tenths per cent and divorces 29
and three-tenths per cent.
It thus appears that at the end of
the 40-year period divorces were in
creasing about three times as fast as
population, while in the first decade
(1870 to 1880) they increased only about
two and two-thirds as fast.
The divorce rate per 100.000 popula
tion increased from 29 in 1870 to 82 In
1905. In the former year there was
one divorce for every 3441 persons and
in the latter year one for every 1218.
Since it Is only married people who can
become divorced, a more significant di
vorce rate Is that which is based, not
upon total population, but upon tho
total married population. The rate per
100,000 married population was 81 in
the year 1870 and 200 In the year 1900.
This comparison iu3icates that divorce
is at present two and one-half times
as common, compared with married
population, as it was 40 years ago.
The available data indicate that not
less than one marriage in twelve Is
ultimately terminated by divorce.
Divorce rates appear to be much
higher in the United States than In any
of the foreign countries for which sta
tistics relating to this subject have been
obtained.' . -
The number of divorces reported for
each state In each 20-year period ana tne
divorce rate in 1880 and 1900, based on a
five-year average, were as follows:
4
3
ts2
Is!
85
2:
as
STATS OR
TERRITORY.
S3
: f
3
5 B
C o ntinental
u. s.
945,623328,71
73
83
N". Atl. division..
142,20( 73.593
Maine
N. Hampehlra..
Vermont
Ma&achusetts . .
R, Island
Connecticut ....
New York ....
w Jersey .
Pennsylvania. . .
14.M4
8, SI 7
4.740!
8,412
4.97!)
9.8.-..1
4,4il'
8.542
11
78
85
47
30
93
61
16
13
21
112'
7fi
22.9401
6,951
47
llfl
f.i
9,24
29.12,-.
7.441
J5.3.VS
2-1
2.1
35
2,612
39,6)
1(J,020
6. AXI. division. .
BS.603I
16.357
Delaware
Maryiantl .....
Diet, of Col..
Virginia
TV. Virgllla ..
87!
7.92c
2.R2.Y
2l
10
12
Si
11
25
a
1
14
63
2,18.'.
1.1H5
12,li
2.635!
10.3HM
T.W7
ib'ioi
2,5.;
N".
Carol! Vi
1.838
S. Carolina ..
Georirla
Florida
I
163!
3.050!
2,128
7.5S0
N. CMit. atvision
484,476,
Ohio I 63,S2
Indiana I 60,721
36
91
J!l
'J 42
Jllinnlj)
072
IOO
104
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
42.371
22,!M7I
433
(123
65!
55
15.646
34,874
S4.7
4,317
7,108
16,711
28,904
5tv4
1.)
103'
Missouri
N. Dakota ..
S. Dakota ..
Nebraska
Kaneaa .........
S. Cent, division. .
Kentucky ......
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi ....
ijoulslana .....
Arkans-a
Indian Ty.
Oklahoma
Texas-
I
vTeatern division .
Montana .......
Idaho
Wyoming ......
27H1
21V
7SO
95 !
0.14
191
220. 2SO
49,327
95
30.641
30.447
22.8.:7
19.993!
9.7S5!
29.541
10.24SI
84
80!
611
8.625
5.2"4
6.040!
74j
ISti
113
120;
131 !
1.607
6,041
6,7511
7.6K9!
62.6551 11.472
Colorado . . . . .
New Mexico. .
Arizona
IHah
Nflvftrtu
Washington ..
Oregon
California
Based on the annual average of dlvorcrt
for the five-year period of -which the census
year is the median year.
A11 laws permitting divorce were repealed
'".Organised from part of Dakota Territory
November 2. 1889. Divorces granted In the
counties then comprising Dakota Territory
are distributed between Norrh Dakota and
South Dakota according as the counties are
now located In one or the other of these
states.
Wlvea Obtain Twice as Many Divorces
as Husbands.
Two-thirds of the total number of dl
voroes granted In the 20-year period
41
89.3371 26.699 129 89
fl.454' 822 167 1 125
3,2061 3KN 1201 r.8
1 7721 4(1 II"1 'in
,K njii i7l 15KI 13
i 2.4371 '255 731 12
2 3801 237 120 47
4'67f 4.07r! 92 114
1.045 1.128 111 1"
16 215 000! 1841 7
I 10,145 2.6il 1841 92
ok 17ft 12 1181 ll.g b4
covered by this investigation were granted
to the wife.
Without any reference to tho question of
which party is the more frequently re
sponsible for the marital unhappiness that
leads to divorce, it may be said that tlv
wife has a legal ground for divorce mom
frequently than the husband: that is to
say, there are certain well-recognized and
comparatively common grounds that are
more readily applicable as against the hus
band than as against the wile. Notably
there is "neglect to provide" or non-support,
which, for the husband seeking di
vorce, is hardly an available ground, al
though the present Investigation found six
cases in the State of Utah, in which the
husband obtained a divorce upon that
ground. Cruelty, although not Infrequent
ly the ground for divorces granted to hus
Tjands, is more generally existent as a
cause for the wife's seeking a divorce.
Five divorces for cruelty are granted to
the wife for every one granted to the hus
band. C'ooNes of Divorce.
The most common single ground for di
vorce is desertion. This accounts for 38
and nine-tenths per cent of all diyorces
(period 1SS7 to 1906); 49 and four-tenths
per cent, or almost one-half of those
granted to the husband, and 33 and five
tenths per cent, or one-third of those
granted to the wife.
The next most important ground for di
vorce is, for husbands, adultery, and for
wives, cruelty. Of tho tivorces granted to
husbands (1SS7 to 1906) 23 and eight-tenths
per cent were for adultery; and of thos
granted to wives 27 and five-tenths per
cent were for cruelty. Only 10 per cent
of the divorces granted to wives were for
adultery of the husband, and 10 and five
tenths per cent of divorces granted to hus
bands were for cruelty on the part of the
wife.
Drunkenness was the ground for divorce
in 5 and three-tenths per cent of tho
cases in which the wife brought suit,
and in 1 and one-tenth per cent of tho
cases in which the suit was brought by
the husband.
The above percentage represents those
cases In which the specified cause was
the sole ground on which the divorce was
granted. Very frequently, however, di
vorces are granted, not upon one ground
only, but upon two or more in combi
nation. In many cases in which drunkenness
or Intemperance was not recognized in
the decree of the court as a ground for
the divorce it appears to have been
present as a contributory influence.
Intemperance was. In fact, reported as
an indirect or contributory cause of di
vorce In 5 per cent of the divorces
granted to the husband and In 18 per
cent of the divorces granted to the
wife, and appeared as a direct or In
direct cause in 19 and five-tenths per
cent of all divorces, and 26 and three
tenths per cent of those granted to
wives and 6 and one-tenth per cent of
those granted to husbands.
Fevr Dlvon, Cases Contested.
Only 15 per cent of the divorces wera
returned as contested, and probably In
many of these cases the contesting was
hardly more than a formality. Of chose
divorces in which notice upon the de
fendant was serveij personally 20 per
cent were contested, while in those
cases In which notice was served by
publication In newspapers only 3 per
cent were contested. Tho latter form
of notice Is commonly employed where
tho residence of the defendant is out
side the state In which the suit is
brought, or is unknown. In about one
divorce case out of three the residence
of the defendant is either outside tho
state or is unknown, the percentage,
residing outside tho state being 20 and
six-tenths per cent, and the percent
age for which the residence la un
known being 12 and six-tenths per
cent.
Duration of Divorced 9lnrrlan;en.
The average duration of marriages
terminated, by divorce is about ten
years. Sixty per cent, or three-fifths,
last less than ten years and 40 per
cent last longer.
The number of divorces occurring in
the first year of married life during
the ' entire period, 1887 to 1906, was
18,876; the number increases to 27.
764 in the second year of married life,
and reaches its maximum in the fifth
year, when It becomes 68.770. From
that point on the number diminishes
year by year, but does not fall below
the number granted In the first year
of married life until the 18th year 13
reached.
The rapidity with which matters
oome to a crisis in the married car
reers of divorce couples Is more clear
ly Indicated by the number of years
which elapse between marriage and
separation. Usually separation pre
cedes divorce by a considerable length
of time; and a certain period must
necessarily elapse before a divorce can
be obtained aTter the occasion for It
arises. The number of years from mar
riage to separation was ascertained in
case of 770,929 divorced couples. Of
these 98,460, or 12 and eight-tenths per
cent, separated In the first year of
married life, and 109. 6N9, or 14 and two
tenths per cent. In the second year: in
the third year the number falls off to
76,102; at the end of the fifth one-half
of the total number of separations have
taken place. But it is a somewhat sur
prising fact that 24,143 married couples,
or 3 and one-tenth per cent of the to
tal number, separated and became di
vorced after the completion of 25 years
of married life.
Children In Divorce Cases.
Children were reported in 39 and
eight-tenths per cent of the total num
ber of divorced cases. The proportion
Is much larger for divorces granted to
the wife than for divorces granted to
the husband; children being present
In 46 and eight-tenths per cent of the
former class of divorces and 26 per
cent of the latter. A reason suggested
for this is that the children are usual
ly assigned by the court to the mother,
and to her. therefore, divorce dues not
Imply separation from ner cnuctieii,
while to the husband it involves a sev
erance of the parental as well as the
marital relation.
150 Blossoms on One Plant.
New York Herald.
Twelve feet in tilameter. with 1500
fully expanded blossoms, a chrysan
themum plant, owned by Samuel fnter
myer and now being exhibited in tho
show In the Museum of Natural HIs
torv is said to be the finest of its
kind in the world. The plant was
grown at Mr. TTntermyer'a country
place at Greystone, In Yonkers. wh-ri
he has the largest private greenhouses
in this country.
The plant is only three feet In
height, and thousands of buds had to
be taken off recently to allow the other
flowers to expand. F.aeh of the blos
soms is more than eight inches In di
ameter. RJns FncroKl, lie Continues Came.
Winsted (Conn.) Dispatch to the New
Work World.
Burton Miller, right guard on the
Norfolk football team. Is the pluckiest
man playing the game in the state
this season.
One week ago Miller suffered the
fracture of four ribs, but played the
game out before seeing a doctor. Sev
eral days later, when Norfolk met
Torrington, Miller surprised the play
ers and, rooters of the Norfolk eleven
by appearing in togs for the fray. He
played right guard In both halves.
Norfolk lost by a soore of 6 to 0. but It
was not Miller's fault.
t