THE 3I0RXIXG- OREGOXIAX. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1903.
PORTLAND. OREGON.
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ruRTUN'D. ATIRDAV. NOT.
IT IS A LOCAL O.IEST10N.
The "hearings" on the tariff are
practicallv useless. They shed no light
on the subject. Only those things that
were well known before are developed.
Everybody concedes that the tariff
ought to be revised, but everybody
wants "protection" for himself, or for
the Industry which he pursues.
ThLs fact has no relation to political
parties. It is not possible to divide
political parties on the tariff. Tour
Democrat, in the wool or sugar or
lumber district, in the coal or iron or
cotton manufacture district. Is Just as
anxious for protection as the Repub
lican All want protection for them
s.lves, but think free trade would be
.xcellent for others. - Districts that
send Democrats to Congress by
enormous majorities practically by
unanimous vote are Insistent on con
tinuance of protection for their own
specialties. Their members In Con
gress will combine for support of the
general system of protection, in order
to a-"ure continuation of protection
for the products of their own districts.
Parties, therefore, do not divide on
the tariff. Where, therefore. Is their
main line of division? It is on the
preat constilutional questions which
have racked the country from the be
ginning of lis history; the fermenta
tion of which produced the Civil War.
Hut they are gradually fading out.
Still, they were the controlling forces
In the recent political content. If not.
how are you to account for the still
Solid South?
But it is passing away. Everything
passes away except human interest
in the industrial life of the present
lime. This is continually changing,
too. Some districts that now are for
protection will change to free trade,
oihers that now are for free trade will
change to protection, as development
of various Interests within their bor
ders may point the way or demand.
Democrats In Oregon have become
Republicans, because they want to
continue protection of their Interest
in wool, or. in certain situations, of
lumber. This, doubtless, Is a very mer
cenary and unworthy motive. But
was it not the mercenary motive of
our slave states their devotion to
their Industrial and economic system
that led them to set up their own
svstem and government, and to fight
for It with the ferocity of a mad-dog?
Yet now the South, reduced to reason.
Is the steadiest frur.-e in our country.
Adjusting itself to new conditions. It
Ifi becoming an advocate of protection,
'h".i t t Hve-iy e" .oted, passionately,
- i" Ir-e t -Hil.
s-ie - .r: "f ihe United States, al-
- t:-s:ri'i. has some special
interest for which It desires protec
tion. Combination of 'these Interests
is now more probable, even more cer
tain. thin ever before. Consolidation
of the Union has removed all thought,
all possibility, of sectional division on
Industriiil and fiscal questions. Local
sentiment tends to combination of all
interests for mutual advantage, in
stead of to hostility of one section of
the country against another, to acquire
the advantage by force. Therefore,
the tariff, though a National question,
h is. more than "ever, become a local
question. For the parties to fight
over It. in National platforms, has be
come nseless and absurd. Bryan
preaches for free trade, or tariff re
duction: and the states that give him
his electoral votes are among those
most devoted to the policy of protec
tion. There will he some tariff changes,
but nope of significance. The general
policy of protection will be main
tained. Yet the theoretical and aca
demical argument against It will re
main as strong as ever. It Is an argu
ment which, however, never will move
those who look at the subject from
their own practical view of self-Interest.
Everybody hn produces any
thing, whether in Louisiana, the Caro
lina., Pennsylvania. Maine or Oregon,
will vote for protection for It, against
all sentimental Ideas or argument to
the contrary. Against any attack ther-e
protectionists will always combine to
gether whether they call themselves
Republicans or Democrats, Socialists
or Prohibitionists. Trinitarians or Uni
tarians. Even Swift's Big-endians or
Little-endians, irreconcilable on the
question whether the egg should be
broken at one end or the other, will
harmonize" on protection of their mu
tual Interests, by he tariff.
THE LAW-ABiniNG TTHl'SKTH.
Andrew Kuruseth. the nv"st danger
ous of the political Jutvsmiths who
have hampered the cause of labor on
the Pacific Coast, has been taking a
prominent part In the American
Federation of I-abor meeting at Den
ver. lr will surprise no one who has
followed the career of this "friend" of
labor to tind him denouncing the
courts, the Judges and all other forms
of organized tiociety which of course
he Is always "agin." A Denver ac
count of the proceedings says that
"Mj. Kuruseth said the union man
was a law-abiding citi7.cn, and would
not tolerate the breaking of the law
on the part of the judiciary." So far
as a large part of the union men are
concerned. Mr. Kuruseth Is right in
regard to their being law-abiding.
The better element of labor does not
approve of Mr. Kuruseth and his
methods, and has become weary of his
anarchistic hurangues against law and
order.
Some of Mr. Furuseth's "law-abid-
ii.g" followers are even now in trouble
In this city, for breaking the law by
inducing a number of seamen t t desert
from the schooner W. II. Talbot, now
in this port. In the opinion of Mr.
Kuruseth. the threatened arrest of his
.followers will be another outrage and
abridgment of utie rights of labor.
Mr. Kuruseth is the great friend of
labor, who visited both Salem ana
Olympla, two years ago, and used
I what Influence he could command to
I secure repeal of the anti-crimping
law in order mat nis -uw-aumuu
friends could steal sailors with impu
nity, and yet be immune from prose
cution. Fortunately for the good name of
the port Kuruseth was turned down
hard, and the fear of arrest or "in
junction" has since produced fairly
good bahavlor on the part of the men
who aneexe when Andrew takes snuff.
Some day, when respectable organized
labor becomes tired of bearing such a
burden as Furuseth and the law
breaking hoodlums of the Coast Sea
man's Union, they will be deprived of
the right to appear in the councils of,,
labor, and .misrepresent it before the
people. It is needless to state that all
classes of society will be gainer by
such a che"-
CONTRAST, NOT PARALLEL.
Two men. of Multnomah County,
elected in 1894. under promise to vote
for Senator Dolph, refused to vote for
him. Dolph was the choice of his
party. He was a man of National
r " r.rvhnHr knew why these
two. with certain other members of the
Legislature, refused to vote for him.
They "set their particular above the
general weal." They disappointed the
intent and purpose of the state. The
Oregonian spoke with severity of the
conduct of these members. They de
served it. But opponents of Dolph.
now supporting Chamberlain, who
wanted a weak man and their own
man in .the Senate, approved them.
But none of the Republicans, who.
It Is now said, are pledged to Cham
berlain, are pledged to him in fact.
Such pledge as is alleged to have been
made was not to Chamberlain. These
men supposed they were promising to
vote for a member of their own party.
They never intended anything -else;
nor did the members of their own
party who voted for them expect any
thing else.
The members who refused to vote
for Dolph still voted for a man of their
own party. Open and Justly liable as
they were to criticism, still their
action did not go to the extent of
party betrayal. They didn't elect a
man of the opposite party.
But what's the use of multiplying
words about the present Juggle?
Everybody understands it; everybody
sees through the whole scheme of In
direction and deception. The mass of
Republican voters who joined in sev
eral counties in election of Statement
One candidates never expected nor in
tended that the members should vote
for a Democratic Senator. The great
Republican majority of Oregon has no
more Intended nor desired that Cham
berlain should be Senator than that
Bryan should be President.
PORTLAND NEAR TICK HEAD.
The October bulletin of the De
partment of Commerce and Labor.
Ehowing the exports of domestic prod
ucts for the month of October and for
the ten months ending October 31.
presents some very interesting figures
which account In a considerable de
gree for the rapid return of prosper
ity. The value of the October domes
tic exports, which Include bread-stuffs,
meat and dairy products, food
animals, cotton and mineral oils,
was J101.322.246, compared with
$!9. 977.210 for the isame month
last year. For the ten months, the
exports of these products have reached
the enormous figure of t699.7S4.671,
an amount that has been exceeded but
once since records of the business
were kept, and even in that record
breaking year of 1907 the amount was
hut J18.000.000 In excess of the same
period this year.
The report is of special Interest to
Portland, for it shows that practically
one-seventh of all the wheat shipped
from American ports was cleared from
this city. No otfrr port in the coun
try made such heavy proportionate
gains over last season as have been
made by Portland. In October ship
ments, this city advanced from sixth
place a year ago to second place this
year. New Tork leading, with Phila
delphia third. Baltimore fourth and
Puget Sound fifth. For the ten
months, Portland is also in second
place, with shipments of 11.387,606
bushels compared with 5,380,050 for
the same period In 1907. New York
leads for the ten months, with 15,524,
695 bushels, and Puget Sound by a
scant margin beats Philadelphia for
third plane. In the total value of all
breadstuffs, Portland is In fourth place.
but shows a greater proportionate gain
than any of the other ports.
An interesting feature of the report
is the, figures showing the heavy de
cline in flour shipments and increase
in wheat shipments for the ten months.
Wheat shipments are 80.000.000 bush
els compared with 68.000.000 bushels
for the corresponding ten months last
year. Klour shipments are 2.000.000
barrels less than last year. With flour
Included on a wheat basis, the total
shipments for the ten months were
127,167.395 bushels compared with
114,706,057 bushels Inst year.
THE NEEDFUL PARTY.
In a thoughtful editorial article the
New York Tribune has clearly stated
the reasons why Mr. Bryan was de
feated and estimated the value of a
frankly radical party. The Tribune
expresses in other words What The
Oregonian has said more than once
that the trouble with Bryanism 1s its
lack of candid purpose. It is neither
fish nor flesh, neither conservative
nor radical. . The much-defeated
leader tried In the late campaign to
pose, as an adherent of old economic
Ideas, while at the same time he
fought for radical innovations upon
them. Of course he was unconscious
of this contradiction, but the people
felt it clearly enough.
One of the best results that could
flow from Mr. Bryan's defeat would
be the virtual dissolution of his hetero
geneous and Ineffective party which,
as It exists, has no purpose and can
never attain one. has no power and
does not deserve any. The vanguard
of the Democrats, marching boldly
Into the fleid. would attract multitudes
of unflinching radicals. The rear
guard might profitably commit suicide.
The new party, active, purposeful, dar
ing, might criticise the Republicans
to excellent purpose and with a sin
cerity which the current opposition
sadly lacks. Such a party would pre
vent any relapse into Bourbonsim.
and even if.it did not come Into power
for many years It would hold the dom
inant party strictly to its duties. What
we need more than anything else in
our politics Is a virile and courageous
party of ideas and experiment to offset
the party of conservatism. Both are
needed to keep public life wholesome,
and when either Is lacking the country
suffers.
Considerable complaint is being
made by masters and pilots of ocean
steamers coming to Portland regard
ing lack of proper lights along the
river channel, la the old days, whea
the light and buoy problem was much
more difficult than now, the old
steamer Shubrick, slow and difficult to"
handle, covered the district from Alas
ka to Coos Bay in a manner quite sat
isfactory to navigators who made use
of the channels that were buoyed and
lighted. Since then the district has
been provided with three tenders, and
better channels have made it much
easier to keep the service in good
shape. With deep-draft ships such as
are now coming to the port at all
hours of the night, the best possible
light and buoy service should be sup
plied, and there is no apparent reason
why it is not in evidence.
RIVER AND RAIL POLICY.
I The Oregonian's policy regarding
j Improvement of the Columbia River
I is as old and as thoroughly established
i as The Oregonian itself. This paper
! was urging improvement of the Co
! lumbla River fifty-six years ago. when
j St. Helens Bar was such a troublesome
'barrier to our commerce that for a
Wime most of the vessels entering the
, Columbia .River refused to ascend the
i river above St. Helens. It was urging
Columbia River improvement half a
dozen years later, when the barken
; tine Jane A. Kalkenberg broke all
records by reaching Portland with an
enormous cargo of 530 tons." It was
advocating further improvements
along in the "seventies," when the
foreign shipowners reduced from 20
shillings per ton to 10 shillings the
differential against this port in favor
of San Francisco. It was still de
manding river improvements when
nearly one-half of the wheat of the
Inland Empire that went foreign, had
to be lightered to Astoria at an ex
pense t)f from $1.50 to $2 per ton,
which, added to the 10 shillings differ
ential, placed the Inland Empire
farmer at a disadvantage of about $4
per ton as compared with his Cali
fornia competitor.
In its advocacy of river improve
ments. The Oregonian was at all times
supported and encouraged by the peo
ple of Portland, -by C. H. Lewis, Ladd,
Reed. Corbctt, Eailing and other fa
mous builders who laid well the foun
dation for Portland's present great
ness. Later, when this Improvement
began showing results and It was pos
sible for medium-sized carriers to
reach Portland without lightering, de
mand was made for upper river im
provements, rail rates at that time
being more thi.ii double those now in
force. The Cascade Locks Is an im
portant and useful improvement,
which The Oregonian supported: and
yet It was notorious that this work
held back for years the more impor
tant work on the bar and lower river.
Before these locks were completed,
the Increasing size of vessels which
could reach rival ports, but-could not
safely enter the Columbia River, com
pelled The Oregonian and the people
of Portland to center their efforts at
the entrance of the Columbia, and as
a result the jetty was built.
The Oregonian. without regard to
the criticism of biased rainbow
chasers, proposes to continue Its old
policy regarding river Improvements.
That policy always has demanded and
always will demand that precedence in
these improvements be given the Co
lumbia bar. Fifty feet of water from
Astoria to Portland, and an unob
structed river through to Lewlston will
be of no avail, if large carriers can
not enter the river. Next in impor
tance Is a deep channel from Portland
to Astoria, for no, other carrier in
existence can move freight over that
hundred-mile stretch of water at as
low a cost as It is moved in the large
ocean freighters. Having thus made
it possible for the products of the In
land Empire to pass on to the high
seas at a minimum cost, it will be tne
duty of Portland to center her ener
gies on improvement of the upper
river, although the benefits resulting
from upper river improvement can
never equal those which have followed
and will continue to follow improve
ment of the channel from Portland to
the sea.
The Port of Portland is spending
about $200,000 per year in dredging
a channel between Portland and the
sea. The money for this work is
raised -by taxing the people of Port
land and of a small strip of Multno
mah County outside the city limits.
The work has been so successful that
the average carrying capacity of ves
sels now coming to Portland is more
than 2000 tons greater than it was be
fore the improvement began. Big car
goes mean eheajp freights, and the
producers throughout- the Columbia
Basin have profited by the deepening
of the channel that was accomplished
with Portland money. But, while
Portland has for many years been
spending money to improve a channel
through which floats the products of
that vast territory known as the In
land Empire, there has been no assist
ance from other parts of the state,
and only a trifling amount from the
Government.
' It was perhaps unjust that Portland
should carry this burden alone, but
It was necessary that somebody should
carry it, and the responsibility was
assumed by the Portland taxpayers.
The difficulty in securing sufficient
money from year to year to make the
work of a permanent nature has re
sulted In much dredging having to
be done over and over again year after
vyoar. Permanent revetments or bulk
heads will eventually be necofesary in
order to escape this annual expense.
There was general expectation that
these permanent Improvements would
be provided for In the next river and
harbor bill. We find, however, in the
Chief Engineer's recommendations for
the Columbia River appropriation,
that it is "deemed inadvisable" to ask
for any appropriation for the needed
permanent improvements "while ex
pensive work Is In progress at the
mouth of the Columbia and at Celilo."
There Is no questioning the imme
diate necessity for the -$450,000 asked
for the mouth of the Columbia, and
there is not a taxpayer in Portland
who would protest against the $1,000,
000 for the Celilo Canal, if the vastly
more important work between Port
land and the sea Were taken up. As
matters now stand. Portland taxpay
ers must continue to put up money to
maintain a channel for the products
of the entire Columbia Basin, because
so much of the Government money is
required for the Celilo Canal. This is
not a good business policy either for
Portland or for the Inland Empire.
That vast region lying east of the
Cascade Mountains is as much inter
ested in cheap ocean freights as is
Portland, and the canal even when
completed will be useless if we fail to
keep the channel from Portland to the
sea deepened to meet the requirements
of shipping In which the average size
of the vessels is steadily increasing.
The completion of '.he North-Bank
road gives the products of the Inland
Empire access to tidewater markets
over a water-level line on both sides
of the Columbia. If these roads
charge excessive or unreasonable rates
the offense is easily proven and the
remedy not difficult to apply. This in
sures a good service to and from the
territory lying east of the Cascade
Mountains; but until the work of im
proving the Columbia River is com
pleted, so that the largest freighters
afloat can enter it in safety, the Co
lumbia River will be handicapped.
The question of distributive rates
out of Portland has very little in com
mon with this matter. Whether these
rates are reasonable or umreasonable
can never be determined by operating,
at a loss, a portage railroad and a
steamboat line established by popular
subscriptions, but in, no way attractive
as a business proposition for any one
well versed in transportation. It Is
well for people who have the inter
ests of the city and state at heart to
view these matters from a strictly
busfness standpoint and not be misled
by the blind, unreasoning prejudice
which has brought on the present
squabble that is about to deprive Port
land of trade to which she is legiti
mately entitled and which can be done
at Portland with more advantage to
the country than at any other point.
Weird, ancient and strictly Oriental
was the barbarous exhibition of for
mal etiquette which surrounded the
rulers of China as, clothed in their
official robes, they awaited the coming
of death. The pagan scenes depicted
in the cable accounts of the last
hours of Tsi An and the Emperor
seem strange and unreal In these days
of twentieth-century civilization; but
one chord was struck in the story rom
Pekin which appeared in yesterday's
Oregonian that shows that human na
ture is still the same, no matter where
we find it. That chord was sounded
In the paragraph which said that "Pu
Yi,' the baby Emperor, has been
taken from his family and is cared for
within the palace precincts. He is
popularly reported crying day and
night for his old nurse." And that
cry of poor little Pu Yi, which is the
same in all languages and among all
peoples, brings with it all of the woo
that is suffered by any 3-year-old de
prived of his nurse, guardian or par
ent, whether the separation takes
place in hovel or palace. Under the
skin and beneath the shadow of cen
turies of tradition the Chinese are tol
erably human, after all.
"Railroad regulation run riot" would
seem to fit the case of the New York
Commission ruling which prohibits the
railroads from running -demonstration
trains in the interest of the farmers of
the state. The practice Is the same as
that so successfully conducted by the
O. R. & N. Co. and the Southern Pa
cific in the Pacific Northwest, and the
resultant benefits are of great value to
the farmers, and of course incidental
ly to all others who share in the farm
er's prosperity. The Erie Railroad,
which Mr. Harriman isslowly awaken
ing from Its slumber, had planned to
run a special train through the central
and southern part of New York, carry
ing w ith it a corps of instructors from
the Cornell Agricultural College. The
Public Utilities Commission, however,
decided that this would be violation of
the law which prohibits Issuance of
passes, and the traXn has accordingly
been canceled. There is much idiocy
displayed by some of the Western
Railroad Commissions in their ralli
road regulation orders, bat none of
them have yet reached the degree at
tained by the New York Commission.
A Chinese loan of $10,000,000 was
heavily oversubscribed in London
Thursday, and the same day a $20,
000,000 subscription to Philippine
Railway Company bonds was closed In
London and Amsterdam, at 4 per cent.
This loan also was heavily oversub
scribed. These transactions prove
quite conclusively that there Is plenty
of money available for Investment
whenever foreigners are satisfied that
they will be protected. The swing of the
big stick, in which good and bad alike
suffered last year, has for a time
frightened foreign capital away from
American investments, but confidence
is gradually being restored and it will
be but a short time before some of
this cheap money will again be flowing
in this direction. The opportunities
for capital are better in America than
anywhere else. This fact has been
recognized in they past, and it will
again be recognized In the near future.
In 1905 the people of the United
States med more than 3.000,000 tons
of paper in the form of magazines,
newspapers, books, boxes and other
products of the paper mills. This is at
the rate of 10,000 tons every working
day. Farmers of the great corn belt
are watching anxiously the efforts of
Government chemists who are work
ing on the problem of making paper
from corn stalks. The success of this
experiment would add several million
dollars a year to the income of the
farmers of the great corn states, espe
cially of Kansas, Missouri, and Okla
homa, where nearly 20,000,000 acres
of corn are now ready for gathering. -
"If Chamberlain now should be de
feated, let the Republican party be as
sured there will be something doing
hereafter." So a Statement One organ.
Why, certainly. But what can you do
more than you are doing now, under
Statement One? You are getting the
whole business. Do you expect more
than the whole?
' It ought not to disgrace a legislator
to do at Salem what the state's and
the Nation's best interests at Wash
ington need, and there should be no
higher duty than honorably to serve
those Interests in the way . every true
Republican knows ought to be done.
Persons who growl af the overdue
wet, weather do not know that farm
ers have needed every raindrop to
soften the hard ground for their
plows; also that for five month3. there
was steady dry weather, except for a
shower or two.
The Southern Pacific called the
Mayor's and the Council's bluff on
Fourth street. The city officials would
better have stayed out, hey?
They say that the promoters of a
new city tract on the Peninsula will
immortalize one of its streets by call
ing it Waymire Lane.-
The Yamhill County apple show will
be held at McMinnville Friday and
Saturday of next week. "Yamhill
agin the world."
There are at least 40 streets in East
Portland that could form improve
ment clubs to ask for as many river
bridges.
Every drop of rain brings a unit of
heat from the south. That's why we
and the grass are so comfortable.
The politicians 'still have something
left; they can organize the Legislature.
SENATORIAL PLEDGE IS VOID
Learlalaror Cannot Thai IJtveat Himielt
of Rl Proper Function.
PORTLAND, Nov. 20. (To the Editor.)
I have been requested to give my opinion
as to the applicability to and the effect
of the decision of the Supreme Court of
North Dakota upon the so-called State
ment No. 1 contained in our primary elec
tion law. I will comply briefly with the
request. Assuming! that the North Da
kota decision is FMod law. which seems!
to be generally conceded.. It must De ad
mitted, for that is the substance and ef
fect of the decision, that an act of legis
lation which exacts from a candidate for
the Legislature a pledge that he will vote
in a particular way in the election of a
Senator in Congress is unconstitutional
and void, and If the law is void it fol
lows as a matter of course that the pledge
imposed upon the candidate by such law
is also void. It is argued that the North
Dakota decision does not apply to Ore
gon because here the candidate has an
.option to take or not to take the pledge;
but the objection does not touch the
question Involved. The precise question
is, w:hat is the legal effect of the pledge
after it is taken? Is the pledge then
legally binding or not? If the pledge ex
acted by the Legislature is void, why Is
not a pledge voluntarily taken by the
candidate void? Both, if valid, produce
precisely the same results; both equally
deprive the member of the Legislature of
his right to exercise his judgment in the
election of Senator.
A candidate elected to the Legislature
tied hand and foot by an ante-election
promise that he will vote in a particular
way in the election of Senator is nothing
more nor less than an automaton as to
such election, and a wooden man with
machinery in him compelling him to vote
in a particular way would fill the bill.
When the voters of a county say to a
candidate for the Legislature, we will not
vote for you unless you take Statement
No. 1, they exact a pledge which Is as
obnoxious to the law as a similar pledge
would be exacted by the Legislature.
I hold, with due deferene to the opin
ion of others, that a candidate for the
Legislature has no legal right to make a
pledge before his election that he will
vote for any particular man for United
States Senator, or in any particular way
upon that subject, because the Consti
tution of the United States providing for
the election of Senators In Congress in
vests him with a quasi-judicial function
of w hich he cannot divest himself by .an
ante-electlon pledge, any more than a
candidate for the Supreme Court can di
vest himself of his judicial functions by
promising if he Is elected to decide some
case of public importance in a particular
way.
I venture to say that every Republican
member of the Legislature, if he was
free to exercise his judgment, would vote
to elect a Republican to the United States
Senate; yet he is not free with Statement
No. 1, but goes into the Legislature man
acled and bound to vote contrary to his
own political principles for a Democrat.
The Constitution of the United States
provides that the Senate "shall be com
posed of two Senators chosen by the
LeKlNlatare thereof." In defining the
word "choose,'" the Century Dictionary
says that it "always represents an act
of the will. It is the taking of one or
some where all are not wanted or cannot
be had." Bo the members of the Legis
lature "choose" a Senator when they go
into the Legislature bound hand and foot
and can do nothing but ratify the choice
of a Senator made by persons outside of
the legislature?
I do not question the right of the peo
ple to express at the polls their prefer
ence for a United States Senatort nor do
I question the right of a member of the
Legislature to act in accordance with this
expressed preference, if it meets with hie
Judgment; but under no circumstances
can such expressed preference be other
wise than advisory. The point I make is
thet an ante-election pledge made by
a candidate for the Legislature to vote
in a particular way in the election of
Senator is unconstitutional and void,
because it divests him of a power ex
pressly conferred, upon him by the
Constitution of the United States,j
which cannot be delegated or exer
cised by any other person or persons.
One word as to the policy of the
primary election law providing for
these pledges: In these days, when can
didates for office nominate them
selves and it Is just as easy for the big
gest loafer as it is for the best man
in the community to become a candi
date in the primary election, and when
nobody can tell in the scramble for
office who will come out on top, these
pledges are fraught with danger. To
take them is to take a leap into the
dark. They ought to be abolished.
GEORGE H. WILLIAMS.
NEW YORK'S TJ. S. SENATORS
Of the Lnat 13, No Leaa Than 10 Have
Been Republicans, Since 1861.
Rochester (N. Y.) Post-Express.
The following table shows the Senators
from New York State since, the inaugu
ration of the first Republican President:
Senators. Elected. To succeed.
Ira Harris alSiU Seward
Edwin L. Morgan 3 S:t King
Roscoe Conkling 3sn7 Harr'a
Reuben E. Fenton IS'ill Morgan
Roscoe Conkling. , Himself
Francis Kernan Fenton
Roscoe Conkling IHGfl Himself
Thomas C. Hlatt 1SS1 Kernan
Warner Miller 1SS1 Piatt
E. G. 1-ar.man 1SS1 Conkling
William it. Evarts lR Lapham
rrank Hlseock 1"7 Miller
David B. Hill Jsftl Evarta
Edward Murphy, Jr 1SH3 Hiscock
Thomas C. Piatt 1H9T Hill
Chauncey M. Depew: lst9 Murphy
Thomas C. Piatt 103 Himself
Chauncey M. Depew 1905 Himself
Of these 13 Senators no less than ten
were Republicans, the only Democrats
that have been in the Senate of the
United States from New York in nearly
half a century being Kernan, Hill and
Murphy. Neither was re-elected. Mr.
Conkling and Mr. Piatt were the only
Senators elected three times; Depew has
been elected twice; no other Senator
more than once. Of the 13 Senators
nearly half are still living Piatt, Miller,
Hiscock. Hill, Murphy and Depew.
A FEW SENTENTIOUS RE-MARKS.
v Calling a man a four-flusher la far easier
than making up your mind to call a man
when you think he's four-flushing. Detroit
Frae Presa.
"Beware when God lets loose a thinker."
says Emerson. Beware, also, when he lets
loose' a talker who doesn't think. Baltimore
Sun.
The Emperor of China Is dead, but It will
be a long time before about 300,000.000 of
the people of that natioi find it out. Loa
Angeles Times.
Mr Taft wanted to be the biggest Judge
In the land; Mrs. Taft insisted that he
would accept a position which would make
her the first lady in the land. He gave way
and she is a winner. Husbands, obey your
wives- Buffalo Express.
"What a splendid device the camera la
for the convenience of tourists." "yes,"
answered Mr. Cumrox, the next time I go
abroad I'm going to anchor in Paris or
Vienna and send a hired man around the
continent to take snap shots." Washington
Star.
ALL. THE SOITTH WEARY OF" BRYAN j
II any Democrats Did Not Vote V lr-
ajlnla and the Plurality Primary.
SAVANNAH. Ga., Nov. 11. (To the Ed
itor.) I have been very much surprised at
the feeling which exists in the South with
regard to Hon, William Jennings Bryan.
You meet Democrats every day who de
clare that they didn't go to the polls, as
they wouldn't vote for Bryan and were
not ready to became Republicans, al
though they wanted Taft elected. Strange
to say, this feeling Is not confined to the
business element, although it as stronger
there. I And it among laborers in saw
mills, draymen, and even farmers. As
showing this feeling. I inclose you two
clippings from the News-Leader of No
vember 10, a Democratic paper of Rich
mond, Va., which is similar to many ar
ticles which appear in Southern Demo
cratic papers and which may have es
caped your attention, and yet these men
seem to be of the opinion that-Mr. Bryan
will be the candidate in 1912 and seem to
regard it as one of the evils that they
niust submit to. If Mr. Taft gives the
country a euccesful administration, as h
believe he will, and Mr. Bryan is again
the candidate against him, you may look
for a break in the South that will sur
prise the natives.
S. B. HUSTON.
Danger' in Vlrsrlnia.
Richmond (Va.) News-Leader.
In a very strong editorial article the
Norfolk Virginian-Pilot assails "the of
ficials and committees having in charge
the machinery of the Democratic party"
tn Virginia. It excepts the Richmond
city committee, which it says did good
work, but continues:
The stata -committee Inaugurated a per
functory canvass in the closing days of th-a
campaign, but only a handfull of speakers
present office-holders and aspirants for
future honors were -called Into aervlce.
If there was any of the solicitous auper
vlsion of local conditions formerly exer
cised from headquarters no signs of It wera
manifest. Mot even the usual exhortation
to loyalty and activity of effort was
sounded. It migh be Instructive to Inquire
how many members of the state executive
committee, as last announced, gave their
votes to the National ticket, and whether
thse chosen lieutenants of the state chair
man were ever called together after the
Denver convention put forth Its nominees
and platform. Outside of the Xinth and
Fifth the district committees appear to
have exhausted their functions when they
had arranged for the party primaries,
while in the Second the committee de
liberately relaxed the primary rulea to fit
the declaration of one of Its members that
"Hundreda of true and loyal Democrats
would not vote for Bryan." If the city
committee of Norfolk took any steps to
awaken the Interest of the voters or brine
them to the polls, their action was taken
with a secrecy which escaped public at
tention. Really there was no need for the State
Committee to exert itself or to undertake
the expense and exertion of a long and
warm campaign. It would have been a
waste of ammunition. Outside the Fifth
and Ninth Districts the Republicans made
no serious 'fight and the marked defection
was confined to a few of the larger cities.
It was most evident in Richmond and here
the local forces of the party were able to
handle the situation. No power could
drive to the polls men who did not want
to go or prevent Democrats in every
county and at almost every precinct in
the Elate from cutting Mr. Bryan. Prob
ably the State Committee had no money.
Really the enthusiasm for Mr. Bryan
was all on the surface and expended itself
in talk. When contributions were called
for the people gave reluctantly, the total
remittances from this state to the Na
tional Executive Committee being less
than $4000, we believe, of which nearly
SL'OOO was raised In Richmond. Most of the
men on whom the Demooratic party of the
state heretofore have depended for funds
were against Mr. Bryan and unwilling to
contribute a dollar for his election. It Is
all very well to rail against commercial
ism and wealth, but when we freeze out
of the party all the rich men and the
plain people decline to come across, cam
paign committees are paralyzed.
. Bryan's Self-GIorlflentlon.
t- M.-anf flirmhor nf the Commoner.
Mr. Bryan's weekly, issued two days after
the election, we get a vivm niiei
the Rrvan point of view. The leading
article has ten lines telling of the Demo
cratic disaster In the country, and 38 lines
describing the Bryan triumphs in Ne
braska, the city of Lincoln and the vot
ing precinct of Normal, Mr. William Jen
nings Bryan's home precinct. Nothing by
way of regret to sympathy for the mil
.i innnnintH nrl defeated Dem-
ocratic voters and workers; glory and
glorification because -vir. jsrjsii. ioi .j
first time, carried his own precinct and
his own city.
There is some suggestion of consolation,
however, in the Commoner's cartoon.
Over the word "Onward:" it represents
four depressed and emaciated soldiers
marching past a mile stone bearing the
Azures "1901?." We are relieved to see that
iit-ui.ro iQir,- them, carrv-
the lnianiry mii"i -
ing a flag in his right hand and a cavalry
sabre In his jeit, is nut m.. "'",
a slim man with a moustache. If Mr.
Brvan has to present to us In 1912 as a
Presidential candidate a s m man with a
moustache the change will be welcome.
We are a little weary of a fat man with
a smooth face and an impressive mouth.
SECRET OF JEWISH LONGEVITY
Soberness of LIvInTnd Inheritance of
Wise Hyidenlc Rule.
Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette.
Superficial scrutiny of the vital sta
tistics yields the Jew a prominent po
sition in thj sanitary world if lon
gevity serves as an index of hygienic
living. With the average length of
life for all Christian people placed at
56 years, 11 months (1900) the Jew may
hope to reach 48 years nine months.
Neufville (1S55). inquiring into the
comparative duration of life and causes
of death of Jews and Christians in
Frankfort, learned that one-fourth of
the Jewish population was living be
yond 71 years, while only one-fourth
of their neighbors was living beyond
the age of 59 years, 10 months. Ab
bott claims that "they (i. e., Jews) are
much less frequently the subjects of
tubercular and acute epidemic diseases
than any other race of mankind."
Why should this seeming vital su
periority exist? According to Richard
son "the causes are simply summed up
In the term 'soberness of life.' The
Jew drinks less than his 'even Chris
tian;' he takes as a rule better food,
he marries earlier; he rears the chil
dren he has. brought into the world
with greater personal care; he tends the
aged more thoughtfully; he takes bet
ter care of his poir and he takes better
care of himself." To this might have
been added that through religious
customs hygienic tendencies became an
inheritance. -
Jersey Gnder Says "nres" and "No."
New York Press.
A gander that can say "yes" and
"no," march to command, kiss his 'own
er when ordered to do so, and many
other amusing and remarkable tricks,
is the pet of Miss Marguerite Van
Duyne 14 years old. daughter of Frank
Van Duyne, of Fassaic Valley farm,
Montville. N. J. The girl herself trained
the gander.
Dandy is the gander's name, and he
follows the girl all about the farm.
When she is in school he goes about
with the farmhands and acts lonesome.
The greatest trick Dandy has mastered
is to distinguish between "yes and
"no."v He gives two quacks in one key
for " yes," and two in an entirely dif
ferent key for "no." At the girls
command he will march "to'ely with
wings furled, or spread them as though
ready to do battle.
Dandv's mother was a tamed Cana
dian wild goose, and he was sired by a
Toulouse gander. He was the only off
spring from a setting of 12 eggs. The
mother was shot by Van Duyne on a
hunting trip on the Passaic River sev
eral years Pago. but the bullet only
broke the bird s wing. He brought the
goose home, and, after recovering from
her hurt, she became domesticated. At
Dandy's birtn im i . I
interest in him and made a pet of him. J
IGNORANCES OF THE BIBLE
Moses Becoming; a Shadowy Personage
and Hoses Is Forarotten.
New York Evening Post.
T-V. a Rhl. l KMtiit fnrirnttATi. A SUn-
day-school youth describes the prod
igal son as tne one wnicn rises i ma
West and sets In the East. Moses has
become as shadowy a personage as
the most destructive critic makes him
out to be. Hosea is the man hiding
under a robe In the Boston puDiic Li-
Virnrv rrllew mtn hunt for the books
of Hexekiah. anl call Corinthians
a form of architecture. Therefore, wo
are assured by many lovers of the
great book, the world is waxing un-
o-nrflv on,1 from i, n p-nd 1 i n eSS Will SOOn
fall into moral decay unless the Bible
is restored to the family reaui
tarda and the schoolmaster's desk. The
warning sounds plausible. For cen
turies the central pillar in our mui.n
edifice, the Scriptures, cannot be sud
denly removed without bringing down
.1 11 m a it mltrht seem. And
yet is not something awry In the Bible
champions ineoryt
Before inferrins too much from our
inability to stumble through the Deca
logue,' it would be well to look about
for parallel cases of gross Ignorance.
We are advised that it is "an anticli
max of culture to be sent forth into
life well informed with regard to
Shakespeare and Milton, but unac
quainted with Isaiah and Jesus Very
true- bat where is the anticlimax to
be found in real life? The average,
schoolboy or college graduate "
fully as much about the religious
classics as he does about the secular
ones, to wit. a few great names, a so
norous phrase or two, et Praeterea ni
hil. Th prodigal son is. as a Biblical
character, about equal in interest and
dramatic position to, let us say. tne
rugged Pvrrhus;'" but the latter s
friends are a handful against the small
regiment that knows the former. Rut a
looms no larger In the Old Testament
than Miranda in Stratford Scriptures,
yet who dares say the Moabltess is
the more forgotten? Oblivion has
claimed Habakkuk and Amos not a
whic more victorious than the fair
Dulcinea del Toboso and Cacus -but
of the multiplying of instances there
is no end. In truth, literary intima
cies have gona out of vogue; yes, even
fallen into disrepute.
To move resistlessly in polite society
one must not know too much or too.
little of anything that .would hinder
conversation. Anl to rhine in the
haunts of higher culture one T?"
know too much about some one thing
and nothing about everything else; for
that Is true scholarship. Between
skimming and grubbing there is no
middle way. down which any self-respecting
member of contemporary so
ciety may trudge.
As for the ungodliness which tne
decline of Bible reading is supposed to
indicate, it is on parity with the bar
barism that some would see in preva
lent literary ignorance
AMERICAN PETROLEUM.
One ot the Greatest Assets of the
Country.
According to Dr. David T. Day of
the United States Geological Survey, In
a report just issued, the production of
American petroleum in 1907 calendar
vear was 168.095.335 barrels, valued at
J120 106 749. Since 1859 the United
States has produced 1.806,608.463 bar
rels, worth $1,654,877,685. This year
will bring the production for 39 years
up to 2 000.000,000 barrels, with a more
than proportionate Increase in the to
tal value, as oil is not getting cheaper,
but the contrary, owing to the large
and rapidly increasing demand for
crude petroleum, for manufacturing,
railway and ship-fuel purposes.
Since the discovery of petroleum in
various states the total productions
have been:
States. rk Barre,S-
Pennsylvania and New York 49
since 1S50 - -- 3:i6.-'.M).loj
Ohio, since l"'"--"l o,,iirt-, s '5
California, since 1'J " tsVovi'71S
West Virginia since 18.6....... If;
Texas, since 18S9-. . 90 127.511
Indiana, since Ixko. v,v,.l
Kansas, since iw w .". 85.SS1.278
Illinois, since 1SS9-...
Louisiana, since 1902
j ts:s7
"S7.413if.lt
8.S74.2S5
Kentucky and Tennessee, sines B ,76
OkShom.7 Vro'm l't ttoi; I '. l.f
Wyoming, since 1SK4 ;; o.'o
Missourif since 1SS0 (Including n
Michigan) "l-v , .,,7-
The oil states got for their oil in
Oklahotna and Kansas i7S7il-ii
Pennsylvania . (i'4'i-''i47
Illinois i's-,'4"S
West Virginia uTrtS'ssS
Ohio . i4'oii'..".6
California jJt
Texas 4',--,:l0.9.U
Indiana, 4 .M,o:i3
Louisiana - l-7 74S
New York . . . . - 's,v-'-Vi
Kentucky and Tennessee ; . S-fjjIs'ia
Colorado - i
Vtah. Wyoming. Michigan and
Missouri '
Winston Churchill's Jest.
London Opinion.
A Joke of Mr. Winston Churchill s at
the expense of a self-opinionated army of
ficer has just been recalled. The incident
occurred during a dinner in South Africa,
and Mr. Churchill and the officer were
seated side by side. Throughout the meal
the latter was airing his views, until at
last Churchill could stand it no longer.
"Do you know." he said quietly, I met
a man today who would gladly forfeit f0
for the pleasure of being able to kick
y "To kick me, sir!" exclaimed the aston
ished soldier. "I must ask you to tell
me his name at once!"
"Oh." replied Winston, "it was a poor
young fellow In the hospital who had
lost both his legs by the bursting of a
shell." ' ,
BITS OF PLEASANTRY.
THP-TH DIFFERENT SPELLING Now.
giri? I want you all to take pencil and
nauer and to write down the names of your
favorite hymns. Pause. Interrupted by a
DiDlng voice, "Please, teacher, is It their
shames or their Christian name, we ar.
to write?" London News.
MARTS ACCOMPLISHMENTS Mra. B-
I suppose you find your daughter very
much improved by her two years" stay at
CMr1eproudmnther La! y- Mary Eliza
beth Is a carnivorous reader now. and sho
frequently Impoverishes music. But sl.o
ain't a bit stuck up she's unanimous to
everybody, an' she never keeps a caller
waitfn' for her to dress; she just run. m
nom de plume, an' you know that makes
one feel so comfortable. Tit Bits.
DEMOCRATS AT A DISCOUNT Charles
Allen an Arkansas planter, who enjoys the
distinction of being the only white Repub
lican In his section of the slate, has in his
employ an aged negro known as Uncle
Reuben, who -fit fur de Union endurln' do
"Vor some time the old man had been en
deavoring to secure a pension-from the Gov
ernment for this service. A few days ago.
as Mr. Allen was riding by a field where he
was plowing. Uncle Reuben hailed him witn
the words: , T
"Marse. I'se done got my pension, an I
wants to swear to It befoh you."
"Glad to hear that. Uncle Reuben, but
you must do your swearing before a magis
trate. 'Squire McCabe I. the man for yoa
t0"Now. marse, quit . tryin' to fool ole
Reub My 111 gal. who goes to school an
kin read writln'. done read me from dose
papahs dat I mus' swar to dem befoh a
notorious Republican, an" dem what you
Is kase ever" one knows dat .Squire Mc
Cabe am a Democrat St. Louis Republic
HIGH-CLASS WATCHDOG Gentleman
(to dog dealer) I gave you a high prVe
for this dog last week because you war
ranted It to be a good housedog My houao
was broken Into last night, and the dog
never even barked.
Doe Dealer No. sir: I quite believes yer.
He was too busy lookln" at the burglars,
so as to be able to Identify "em. to even
think of barkln'. If you was out with this
"ere dog and was to meet them burglars,
he'd know "em In a minute. He ain't nj
common barkln" dog; he's a reiTler 'tectlc.
an" worth his weight in gold, he la. TUBUS.