8
THE BIOKMJfG OREGONIAN. TTJESDAT, SEPTEMBER 1, 10O8.
)t B?$omm
PORTLAND, OKEGON.
Daring the month of August, 19418. the
tirnci paid circulation of The Oregonian
wua:
handays '. - 48,801
Utck Urn 84,77
fworn statement of circulation of The
Oregonian for every day during the month
of August. 1908: '
August 1 34.950
Auguat 2....4,Si3
August 3 S4,6j
August 4 34.7.W
August 5 SS.SOO
August S4.SJO
August 7 84.800
August 8 34.SM
August 9....4S.71S
August 10 34.910
August 11 34.710
August 12 84.81X1
August 13 S4 J0
August 14 84,550
August 15 84,750
August 31
August 1 43.820
August 17.... 34.650
August 18 84.600
August ID. .. .85.100
August 20 84,600
August 21 84.650
August 22 34.850
August 21 43.840
August 24 84.900
August 25 34.700
August 2J 84.350
August 27 34.650
August 28 34.550
August 2 34.600
. Auguat 30 44.UIO
f 34,450
Total circulation. 1,121398.
Countr nf Multnomah. State of Oregon-
This Is to certify that the actual net cir
culation of The Oregonian for the month of
August was as above set rortn. '
A. K. sloci;m. circulation Manager.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this
31st day of August. 1D0S.
W. E. HARTMUS. Notary Public for Oregon.
Entered at Portland, Oregon. Pojtofflca as
Eecond-Class Matter.
bubecrlptton b&tca Invariably In Advance.
(By MalL)
Dally. Sunday Included, one year $8.00
ualiy. bunday Included, aia montna....
Ualiy. Sunday Included, three months. 2.23
lially. Sunday Included, one month.... -75
Iai!y without Sunday, one year 8-00
Dally, without 8uaday. six months S 25
Dally, without Sunday, three months.. 1.75
Daily, without Sunday, one month. .... .60
Weekly, one year.... ISO
Sunday, one year..... 2.50
Sunday and Weekly, one year.... 60
(By Carrier.)
Dally. Sunday Included, one year 9 00
Dally. Sunday Included, one month 75
How to Remit Send poetofnea money
order, express order or peraonal check on
your local bank. Stampa. coin or currency
re at me aenacra riaic tive poatornce aa
dress In full, Including county and state.
Postage Rates 10 to 14 pagea. 1 cent; 18
10 23 pagea. -i eenta; 80 to 4 pagea
rente: 46 to 60 pagea, 4 centa Foreign post'
age ao-jDie ratea.
Eastern Baslnesa Office The 8. C. Beck
with special Agency New York, rooma 48
50 Tribune building. Chicago, rooma 510-612
rioune ouiiaing.
PORTLAND, TUESDAY, SEPT 1, 1908.
"ENOUGH TO GO ROOD."
"The wealth and productive power
of the country are so great," says a
Socialist politician, "that there ought
to be enough to go round." This also
is hinted at in Bryan's speeches, and
may be called the Bryan Idea. It is
vague, misleading, useless. There
never has been, never will be,
"wealth enough, to go round."
Some will always have more than oth
ers, or there will be neither wealth
nor civilized society nor government.
Some will have less and others still
less, and finally some none at all.
Upon any division or distribution there
never would be "enough to go round."
For one thing, property would perish
under such a scheme; since smaller
properties can only be preserved by
maintenance of the larger. Only go,
indeed, can property be preserved at
all. The notion that there is or ought
to be -"enough to go round" predicates
equality of property, through spolia
tion. So matter how much prosperity
there is in a country or how great its
aggregate wealth, some will always be
poor, and there perhaps will be
many of them, though poverty will
always be merely a relative term.
Equality of fortune never is possible;
nor. even equality of opportunity, for
many a man goes through the world
without opportunity to develop the
very, best that Is in him. There is no
help for this. But active and earnest
persons find opportunity where the in
dolent and shiftless do not.
There is not "enough for all" any
where In this world,- never has
been, never will be; but in a
country like ours, new and yet J
full of unappropriated resources, there
is opportunity for enterprising talents,
if tact goes with them. Persons SO
endowed, and using their powers to-
best advantage, will commonly get
"enough." Others will get little;
some next to nothing. These are the
conditions of life in the world; neces
sary because of the very constitution
and order of things; which no Uto
pian theory ever will change, and
which would not be changed even in
smallest degree by election of the
prophet of the Platte bottoms.
NORTHWEST RAILROAD BUILDING.
Prior to completion of the North
Bank Railroad, construction of new
rail lines in the Big Bend country, in
Northern Idaho and in many other in
terior localities, would have meant
but little for Portland. This city has
not yet felt any direct benefit from
the opening of the Northern Idaho
grain districts' by the Northern Pa
cific, nor from the building of the ex
tensive electric line system out of Spo
kane. The Central Washington, which
developed a wonderfully rich wheat
country in the western part of the Big
Bend, made nothing accessible to
Portland. But the North Bank road
will make some striking changes on
the trade map of the Pacific North
west. This new road and the O. R. &
N., which it parallels, with the Co
lumbia River between, are the main
trunks into which a most elaborate
system of feeders will pour traffic
from all over the Pacific Northwest.
Our country is developing so much
more rapidly than ever before that the
extent of the railroad projects actual
ly under way, as well as those in a
preliminary stage. Is far greater than
is generally realized. The JLewiston
Riparia line, which Is now receiving
the finishing touches, is an Important
connecting link, not only for the O. R.
& N., but for the Hill lines, for the
North Bank road Is rushing construc
tion on a line from Rlparla to connect
with the Portland road at a point near
Kennewick. Completion of this line
will give this city direct access to the
rich Idaho country. In which Puget
Sound has had full sway for nearly
ten years. In October this field will
be still, further enlarged y the com
pletion of the line to Grangeville,
Idaho.
A Hill project of almost equal Im
portance Is the proposed line north
and south through the Big Bend coun
try. Eight crews of engineers are now
in the field on this line, and it will tap
the best wheat region in the State of
Washington, avoiding the expensive
haul over the mountains, by delivering
the grain to the North Bank line at a
point near Snake River. The Ore
gon Short Line has Its Huntington
Lewtston cut-off so far past the pros
pective stage that more than tOO men
are at work, and more are being
rushed to the front as fast as they can
be secured. The grading and rock
work for sixty miles north of Hunt
ington is well along, and it is almost a
certainty that the Harriman water
level line will be in operation all the
way from Portland to Huntington
within the next two years at the latest.
Meanwhile the Spokane & Inland,
which is collecting freight in a big
territory, has nearly reached Moscow,
Idaho, on Its way to Lewiston, and all
of the traffic in the rich field which
It traverses can be turned over to the
water-level roads which reach tide
water by way of the Columbia River
gorge. In addlltlon to these roads
mentioned, for which the North Bank
road and the O. R. & N. offer prac
tically the only route to tidewater, the
Milwaukee & St. Paul and the mys
terious North Coast road are still
pushing construction, some of it in
new territory and some In that already
reached by the old lines, but all of
It for economic reasons is more di
rectly accessible to and from Portland
than any other port.
TUB SERIOUSNESS OF IT.
The gambling Instinct cannot be
eradicated from the human soul. Nor
the instinct that produces "the social
evil." The latter is far more diffi
cult to deal with than the former.
But when wexpect to eradicate, or
very much to restrain either of them,
we come in conflict at once with the
controlling instincts Of mankind.
It is useless to inquire why man was
made such a contemptible creature as
he is. God no doubt has his reasons.
But he doesn't disclose them.
When Judge Williams was Mayor of
Portland these evils existed. He was
defeated for re-election because he
frankly admitted that they were in
eradicable. It Is several years since
the "reform" was decreed; yet the
complaint now Is that the evils persist;
and the Mayor and the Common Coun
cil at this time are laying responsi
bility for the evils on each other.
If the Mayor of Portland and the
Governor of the state were known to
be strictly "virtuous" and on all occa
sions to eschew "cakes and ale," and
other delights, there might perhaps
be a better tone; but it Is doubtful.
In politics, in public morals and in
religion, society continually acts a
farce, because subject to control of
human instincts and desires.
. When Frederick of Prussia was told
that he ought to do certain things for
the good of his people, he exclaimed:
'What! For that damned worthless
race? Here were cynicism and pes
simism, hardened by experience.
In old times we used to say that
the good Indian was a dead Indian.
The phrase might be amended and en
larged. The good human race will be
the dead human race. Meantime the
public authorities of Portland will
continue to profess desire to do what
they can't do, know they can't do, and
in fact have no real desire to do; and
the farce will go on without end.
Society in France is old. It will be
getting old here, after a couple of
thousand years. After centuries of
experience the French government
now directs its attention to supervision
of gambling operations, and also
makes them contribute to the support
of the poor. Figures Just published
show that the tax of 15 per cent which
the state imposes on the gross receipts
of casinos and other establishments
where gambling is permitted at sea
side, mountain and mineral spring re
sorts has produced in the last nine
months between 3,000,000 and 4,000,
000 francs (1800,000). This sum is
divided among national charitable in
stitutions. The government, in fact.
realizes that the gambling habit can
not be cured, so "what cannot be
cured must be endured," and it en
deavors to make the habit of some use
to the state.
The Oregonian is not recommending
this system for imitation in America.
It simply offers an intimation of what
may be doing here, after another one
hundred or one thousand years.
But for history and Its lessons one
might be hopeful. But human nature
persists, and its vices therefore will
persist. Scarcely can you expect the
Mayor of Portland to keep clear of in
triguing females, or the Governor of
Oregon to set an absolute example in
sobriety. But don't get discouraged,
nor be unhappy. There is a golden
age, that the poets sing. " However,
the age they sing Is behind us. If the
world is more wicked than it used to
be it is only because it is oldef. But,
as a very great writer says, "He cen
sures God who quarrels with the im
perfections of man."
FOREST FIRE PROTECTION.
The soaking rain which fell
throughout the entire timber belt of
the Pacific Northwest last week has
apparently eliminated the greater part
of the risk of further damage by for
est fires this season. Oregon has been
exceptionally fortunate this year in
escaping with but a nominal loss by
forest fires, especially when it is con
sidered that the dry season was quite
protracted. For this immunity from
loss, no small part of the credit is due
the big timber syndicates, which have
secured possession of large areas of
land in this state. The business saga
city displayed by the representatives
of these syndicates in securing these
valuable holdings that did not appeal
to Oregonians who were here first is
equally plain in their efforts to protect
their property.
Insurance against fire has long been
recognized as one of the absolutely
necessary fixed charges against all real
property to which there was any risk
attached, but as yet no satisfactory
system of fire insurance for timber
has been devised, and It has accord
ingly been necessary for the owners
to carry their own insurance in the
form of extra precaution against fires.
So long as the timber remained in pos
session of the Government, or of small
Individual owners, little or no precau
tion was taken against fire, and every
year, from early August until late Sep
tember, the air was filled with the
smoke of forest fires, all of which
could have 'been prevented, by the ex
ercise of a little care.
The campers were mildly indifferent
as to whether they extinguished their
fires on breaking camp, or left them
to kindle a conflagration which would
destroy thousands of acres of good
timber. Even the farmer who had a
"slashing" to burn was careless as to
how far It might run beyond the con
fines of his clearings, and, as there was
no one to check this almost criminal
carelessness, the annual loss reached
immense figures. Under the new re
gime, all this has been changed, and
during the current season the loss In
this region has been much lighter than
usual. The big syndicates and lumber
companies holding large bodies of tim
ber In Oregoa have perfected an ad-
f mirable system of fire patrol by which
wardens specially trained in woodcraft
are employed to guard their posses
sions. All campers, and settlers as
well, are under direct surveillance of
these wardens, and are compelled to
give their names and addresses and to
take Instructions from the wardens,
who have official powers conferred on
them by the state law, although their
salaries are paid by their employers.
As yet there has been no systematic
organization of the timber-owners, and
there are accordingly some breaks in
the patrol system, but the results at
tained have been so satisfactory that
In the near future we will undoubtedly
have a compact, efficient organization
working in such a manner that forest
fires of serious extent will not occur
again. Forest wealth of almost Incal
culable value has been destroyed In
the past, and on account of the rapid
ly , Increasing value of the timber, that
which is still In need of protection is
vastly more valuable, proportionately,
than any that has been, destroyed in
the past.
HOW TO "BEAT THE GAME."
Yesterday Mr. Bryan said at St.
Paul: "Taxes on consumption always
overburden those of moderate means
and underburden the rich." There Is
truth in this, but only because the rich
are very few, compared with persons
of moderate means.
Of the taxes on consumption the
largest single amounts come from
liquors and tobacco. Two hundred
million dollars a year are derived
from these sources. The revenue
taxes on beer make an enormous
amount. Most of such taxes of course
are paid by persons of moderate
means. But suppose those who feel
oppressed by the tax should quit the
use of spirits, beer and tobacco. Shall
we expect Mr. Bryan to urge this
policy as method of delivering persons
of moderate means from this oppres
sion? It is the one sure and available
way.
Mightn't people who use this class
of "luxuries" Just as well pay the tax?
Or will ' Mr. Bryan, when President,
urge removal of these taxes, for re
lief of persons of moderate means?
UNCLE JOE AND HIS DISTRICT.
Efforts will be made, are making
now, by all sorts of people, to beat
Speaker Cannon for re-election in. his
district. Every faction of opposition
Is especially active. The Socialists for
one reason, the Prohibitionists for an
other; the labor organizations for an
other; the free-traders for another. If
they could all combine on the Demo
cratic candidate, they might give him
a close run. But' probably they can't.
He had over 10,000 plurality two years
ago, and 8000 majority over the vote
for all the opposition candidates.
Cannon may be supposed to repre
sent his district or it wouldn't stand by
him as it does. To say that he is a
political fossil, non-progressive, ultra
conservative, devoted to privilege in
trenched in "the system," is only to
say the same thing of his constitu
ents, who refuse to turn him down,
and especially of his Republican con
stituents, who refuse to nominate a
younger man with newer ideas in his
stead. Cannon knows his people
thoroughly aiyd they know him; he Is 1
a man of quaint speech and agree
able personality. Is liked for his ec
centricities, and his district takes pride
in him, because he keeps it before
the attention of the country and gives
it fame. The district feels that it
would be forgotten if it sent an un
known man. As Speaker of the
House, Cannon's position is next in
power and influence to that of the
President of the United States. He
has given the office he holds much of
the Importance that has distinguished
it during recent years, and the Dan
ville district stands by him because it
feels that he makes it a power In the
land.
But though he will certainly beat all
his combined opponents In his district,
and obtain re-election to the House,
it cannot be thought probable that he
will be Speaker again. Either Demo
crats will control the House or Repub
lican insurrectos will defeat him.
PROPER CONDUCT FOR LAWYERS.
Many of the rules of conduct laid
down by the American Bar Associa
tion forbid acts which are so plainly
improper that no organization should
find It necessary expressly to forbid
them. A number of the rules in the
new code of ethics prohibit conduct
which should not be permitted by a
court, however willing the attorneys
themselves may be to engage in it.
For example,: It ought to be deemed
superfluous to declare that attorneys
should promptly account for and turn
over moneys collected by them, and
that they should not engage in per
sonalities, or mistreat witnesses or
parties. It would seem unnecessary
to declare such an elementary prin
ciple as that a lawyer should be faith
ful to Ills' client and should not accept
employment from both sides of a
case. These rules apply to acts so
clearly Improper that it would seem
unnecessary even to mention them.
Moreover, some of the acts prohibited
are of such a nature that no Judge
who has respect for his position would
permit them for a moment. After
saying that a lawyer should not mis
treat a witness the rule might very
appropriately te laid down that he
should not beat his wife. The one
act is improper like the -other, and It
should be no more necessary to pro
hibit one than the other.
A trial Judge who ' will permit at
torneys to engage' In personalities or
to browbeat witnesses or to misstate
the evidence to the jury has no con
ception of his duty and no courage to
perform it. A witness is not a crim
inal and, even if he were, an at
torney is not vested with authority
to administer punishment. Mis
statement of the evidence is an of
fense so flagrant as to call for a re
buke pointed enough to discourage
any lawyer from repeating it. The
code of ethics might well have con
tained an arraignment of Judges who
permit these things to be done.
In one of the early precepts, the
attorneys show their utter miscon
ception of our form of government,
by declaring that attorneys should
maintain a respectful attitude toward
a court, not for the sake of the par
ticular individual who happens to be
occupying the bench at the time, but
to "maintain its supreme importance."
There is no "supreme importance" In
our form of government. We have
three departments of government, the
executive, legislative and judicial,
eaclTco-ordinate with the others, and
there is no reason why an' attitude'
should be maintained toward one dlf-
ferent from that which is maintained
toward another. A legislature is Just
as "supremely important" as a court,
and it should be just as great a
moral wrong to bribe or deceive a leg
islature as a court. The people alone
are supremely important In this coun
try, and executives, legislatures and
courts are their servants. It is the
duty of a lawyer and everyone else
to maintain an attitude of respect to
ward every man who conducts himself
honorably, and whatever particular
respect Is entertained for the court
should be due to the fact that the
court Is the agent of the people. Su
premacy does -not exist even In the
Constitution, for that is subject to
change by the people. The people
have the power to abolish Governors,
legislatures and courts.
The Bar Association disclosed its
misconception of propriety when It put
an unqualified ban upon advertising.
There is no more reason why a law
yer should be forbidden to advertise
than why any other business or pro
fessional man should be forbidden to
do so. Of course, a man should exer
cise good Judgment and good taste
in a matter of that kind, as in every
thing else. A man should not boast
of his achievements in an advertise
ment any more than he would in
private or public conversation. One
act Is as unseemly as the other. But
if a lawyer is making a specialty of
real estate law, or marine law, or col
lections, or any other branch of legal
practice, there Is no reason why he
should not let the public know that
fact. There is no reason why a law
yer should be forbidden to advertise
the location of his office, for It is
better that he should do so than that
persons in need of the services of a
lawyer should go hunting blindly for
some man who has been admitted to
the bar. Elaborate advertising is
proper for a merchant because he is
telling about his goods, not of him
self. So long as a lawyer or a doctor
is becomingly modest in his announce
ments there Is no reason why he
should not advertise.
The rules of ethics established by
the Bar Association will serve as a
general standard by which the public
will measure the conduct of attor
neys. But the public will not tie
limited to these rules In forming its
judgments. It will not think less of
a lawyer because he advertises his
place of business and his specialty,
nor will it have higher respect for the
lawyer who ' does not advertise. It
will not hold In high esteem a lawyer
who bows submissively before a court
which perverts Justice, nor will it
condemn a man who fights openly,
fearlessly and vigorously for what Is
right, even If he must oppose a court
In doing so. Right and wrong, de
cency and boorlshness, honor and dis
honor are determined by essentially
the same principles in court as out
of it,
Mr. Taft need not have denied that
he made the assertion that a dollar a
day is enough for any laboring man,
for no man of sense ever believed that
he said so, and there is no use making
denials to men without sense. No man
in his right mind would make such a
statement. A dollar a day is too much
for some men who pretend to be labor
ers, and It Is not nearly enough for
others. An employe who shirks, not
only neglecting his own work, but
retarding others who are willing to
earn their wages, is worth less than
nothing, for he is a detriment to his
employer. A man who performs
work requiring skill may be worth
three, four or five dollars a day, or
even more. And everybody knows it.
Then who, except some stupid novice
in politics, could ever have started
the story that Taft said a dollar a day
is enough for any laborer.
Originality Is one of the valuable
features of an advertisement an'd It Is
essential In advertising a community
as In advertising a private business.
Ability to devise new Ideas In adver
tising enables some men to command
high salaries as advertising managers.
When one or two commercial organ
izations furnish all the new ideas and
all the rest become mere imitators,
there is evidence of need of more men
of ability at the head of organization
of this kind. An imitator is an ex
ceedingly poor advertiser.
Official publication of the statistics
of population of the Chinese Empire,
ascertained by the census taken at the
close of the year 1907 is announced.
The total number of inhabitants is
438,214,000. It exceeds, rather than
falls below, former estimates. A sin
gle province, that of Sechuan, contains
79,500,000 nearly as many as the
whole United States. Such numbers
tell in the book of arithmetic, but
count for little in the lists of human
ity.
It has always been the practice to
punish the bribetaker and let the
bribegiver go free. A certain class
of women engage In unlawful occupa
tion merely because they are paid for
doing so. They violate law because a
bribe is paid. It has always been the
custom to punish' them and let the
bribegivers go unpunished, but public
sentiment is changing and perhaps we
shall soo'n see the law enforced equally
against each party to the crime.
A Marion County apple-grower as
serts his confidence in the efficiency
of Summer spraying and says he will
pay a dollar apiece for all the wormy
apples that can be found' on his trees.
He has evidently done a better job of
spraying than most orchardlsts do, for
the best claims that have been made
in behalf of spraying are that 95 per
cent of the apples will be kept free
from worms by use of arsenate of
lead.
An argument by Debs against
Bryan is this: "From free silver in
1896 Bryan's party has turned to gold
bricks in 1908, and this Is the only
change It has undergone." But Bryan
Is as "sound" for silver as he ever
was; only he thinks it convenient Just
now to "pass" the subject.
Henry Watterson always was doing
picturesque things. A true son of the
South, he is now rounding up the "nig
gers" of the North for Bryan. The
niggers of the South give no trouble.
They can't vote.
VThy not Invite Mr. Harriman to
participate in the North Bank open
ing? Now comes the pleasure of paying
the last of the Summer vacation bills.
RULE
OF
THE
PEOPLE
Some Observation That Elucidate at
Recent Flapdoodle Utterance.
New York Evening Sun.
Shall the people rule? Not if Mr.
Bryan knows his arithmetic There are
figures to prove this, not sentiment;
facts, not flapdoodle.
The second time the Nebraskan ran
for President, In 1900 that is, he had a
total of 155 votes in the electoral col
lege and a total popular vote of 6.358,
133. To these totals 11 states made the
following contributions:
Popular Electoral
vote.
vote,
Alabama
Arkansas
ST. 1.71
81.142
Florida
28.007
Georgla 81.700
Louisiana
113.671
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
TVxaa
Virginia
. B1.7H6
. 157,752
. 47.236
. 144.7.M
. 267.337
. 148.0SO
.1.156,813
Total : 1.158,813 112
In the same contest McKinley re
ceived a total popular vote of 7,207,923
and a total electoral vote of 292. Com
pare now the following exhibit of pop
ular and electoral votes for McKinley
with the foregoing:
Popular
vote.
Electoral
vote.
6
IS
3
23
32
Connecticut .
Massachusetts
New York ...
102.5B7
238.8H6
S21.P92
643.918
Ohio
Pennsylvania 712,6t
Total 2,420,008 112
The 112 electoral votes which the
11 tabulated states gave Bryan in 1900
constituted more than 72 per cent of
his total electoral vote, 155. They
amounted also to exactly half of the
number of votes needed to give him
a majority in the electoral college. Yet
the popular. vote which gave him this
solid contribution of electoral votes
was but a little more than 18 per cent
of his total popular vote. That is, less
than one-fifth of the electors who voted
for him were able to give him half of
the votes which he needed in the elec
toral college to be declared President
and almost three-fourths of the elec
toral votes which he actually had.
Moreover, the voters in the 11 states
which make up the solid South, who
thus controlled almost one-third of the
votes In the electoral college, were only
one-twelfth of the aggregate of 13.
566,056 voters who cast their . ballots
for McKinley or Bryan.
The five tabulated states which gave
112 electoral votes to McKinley cast
popular vote for him which was more
than one-sixth of the country s aggre
srate vote for the two candidates. It
was more than 33 per cent of the total
popular vote which McKinley received,
The 112 electoral votes which wen
with it constituted only S8 per cent o
McKinley's vote in the electoral col
lege. 292.
Mr. Bryan cannot point out any of
the elements of popular rule in the con
ditlons which start any Democratic
candidate for President with the tre
mendous advantage indicated by thi
comparison. In all his hocus-pocus o
Interrogations about the people ruling
he is not for a moment oblivious of
the fact that unless something un
toward happens the same 11 states
which made such a showing for him in
the electoral college in the 1900 elec
tlon will make a similar demonstration
this year on a popular vote Just as pre
posterously disproportionate. He knows
moreover, that this contribution of
electoral votes will not represent.
will the electoral votes cast by all the
other states, any real opinion on the
Issues of the campaign, any real choice
between the leading candidates, any
declaration of the popular will with
respect to Governmental policies. He
expects a relatively small number of
votes In 11 states to give blm a rela
tively large number of votes in the
electoral college without any regard
whatever to the interests of the Nation
He knows that these state have 120
electoral votes this year, and that he
has only to endeavor to carry enough
other states where the people do have
opinions on National matters to give
him 122 votes more to be elected Presi
dent, and he knows that Mr. Taft has,
in order to be elected, to obtain 242
electoral votes from states where pub
lic questions are weighed by the voters
Shall the people rule? Not as Mr,
Bryan hopes to be elected. Popular
rule implies the expression of popular
will guided by popular opinion.
"Always Relative Servitude."
Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier.
As the years pass, reflective people
in the North and elsewhere in the
world will aknowledge that when
Abraham Lincoln and his friends "lib
erated" the negroes they left a task
half finished. By violence and in defi
ance of law they released the negro
slaves from their bondage to enter
what is. after all, only another bond
age. No semi-civilized race of people,
inferior as fighting men, can live in
the same territory with another race
incomparably superior in masterful
qualities, as well as numbers, and be
free men. No race can be free that is
Incapable of maintaining Its freedom
atralnst all comers. Right or wrong.
the white people of these United States
Intend to hold the American negroes in
a state of relative servitude. That Is
the cold, hard lesson of the atrocities
in Springfield, 111., the home of Lincoln,
"the great emancipator." Possibly the
problem will take on new phases when
centuries have gone, but we speak of
the years. The day is not open to the
vision of this generation when In truth
the nesrro will have the rights and
orivllesres of an American citizen, how
ever they may be assured to him by the
Jargon of the law.
Surely, Surely.
Boston Advertiser.
The election of William J. Bryan to
be President of the United States would
mean the solemn declaration of a mi-
iority of the electorate in favor of a
very radical and unsafe National pro
gramme. That programme could not
be carried out at once, but every In
vestor, every bank, would recognize
that the Nation had been committed to
it.
Bet to Chop Five Cords of Wood.
Boston Dispatch.
A wager has been made of $15,000 that
a Vermont man can chop five cords of
wood in a day. and the contest win re
decided on September 26 at Amsden, Vt
a
A new pick-ups.
"Walter, one of these oysters is bad."
Well. sir. you'll see I've given you two
extra." Tha Tatler.
I hope, driver, you will not run away
with me!" "Blesa yer. no. mum! I've got
a wife and six kids at home already!"
London Opinion.
"Have you ever loved and lost?" sighed
tne swain. "Nope." responded the maiden,
promptly. "I've won every breach of prom
ise suit I ever brought." Cleveland
Leader.
"By the way," queried Miss Blowitx. who
had recently entertained a duke, "have yen
ever had any foreign noblemen as guests?"
"No." answered Mrs. Uppscn, "only as ser
vants." Chicago. Daily News.
Convalescing victim of auto accident
"I woke up and found the hot Welsh rab
bit. I recognized It as my wife's cooking,
but it was better seasoned than the aver
age." Nurse "Merciful faints! we couldn't
Imagine what had become of that other
mustard plaater." Judge.
Mr. Cad "Can I see tlat burglar who
was arrested for breaking Into my house
last night?" Inspector (hesitatingly)
"Well. I don't know. What do you went
to see hlrn for?" Mr. Cad "Oh. there's
nothing secret about It. I Just wanted to
find out how he managed to get Into the
house without waking my wife." illus
trated Bits. j
the;
I JEFFERSON ON UNITARIA.MSM.
i A Letter In Which Some of Hta Ideaa
Were Developed.
Jefferson, who was always called an
"infidel" by the "orthodox," seems to
have been a Unitarian, or in close sym
pathy with that form of belief. In
Schmucker's Life of Jefferson, pp.
294-297, may be found a long letter
written by him of which the following
is an extract:
I have to thank you for your pamphlets
on the subject of Unltarianism. and to ex
press my gratification with ycur efforta for
'the revival of primitive Christianity In your
11 quarter. . No historical fact Is better es
tablished than that the doctrine of one God.
pure and uncompounded. was that of the
early aires of Christianity; and was among
the efficacious doctrines which gave it tri
umph over Polytheism of the ancients,
sickened with the absurdities of their own
theology. Nor was the unity of the Su
preme Being wrested from the Christian
creed by the force of reaaon but by the
aword of civil government, wielded at the
will of the fanatic Athanaslua. The hocus
p'ocus phantom of a God. like another Cer
berus, with the one body and three head,
had Its birth and growth In th'i blood of
thousands and thouFanda of martyrs. And
a strong proof of the solidity of the prtml
tlve faith. Is its restoration, aa soon as a
nation arises which vindicates to itself the
freedom of religious opinion, and Its ex
ternal divorce from the civil authority. The
pure and almple unity of the Creator of the
universe la now all but ascendant In the
Eastern states; If la dawning in the West,
and advancing toward the South, and I
confidently expect that the present genera
tion will see Unttarlanism become the gen
eral religion, of the United States. The
Eaetern presses are giving us many excel
lent pieces on the subject; and Priestley's
learned writings on it are, or should be. In
every hand. ... 1 rejoice that In thia
blessed country of free Inquiry and belief,
which has surrendered Its creed and con
science to neither Kings nor Priests, the
genuine doctrine of one only God la re
viving and I trust that there is not a young
man now living In the United States who
will not die a Unitarian.
THE PROHIBITION VOTE.
General
Impression It Will
Show
Strength Thin Year.
Boston Globe.
In American politics none of the
minor parties has enjoyed so long life
as the Prohibition party. For more
than 35 years a Prohilbtlon National
ticket has been in the field at every
Presidential election.
Although In 1872 the Prohibition can
didate for President polled only about
5600 votes, the party made Its nomina
tions again four years later, and Its
candidate received in round numbers
9B00 votes. In 1880, however, even Neal
Dow, celebrated leader In the success
ful Prohibition movement in his own
State of Maine, obtained as the candi
date for President only 10.305 votes.
Nothing daunted by this apparent
want of progress In a period of four
years, the Prohibitionists, In 1884. put
forward ex-Governor John P. St. John,
of Kansas, a Prohibition state, as their
standard-bearer, who polled the aston
ishing vote of 151,809. Four years later
the Prohibition candidate received
nearly 250,000 votes, but the vote in
1892 showed only the slight Increase
represented by a total of 264,133.
In 1896 the vote showed a falling off
of almost exactly one-half, and it has
not since reached the figures of 16
years ago.
There has been an impression that
the Prohibition vote in the National
election this year will show surprising
strength. The leaders of the party ap
pear to be confident that the Prohibi
tion candidate will draw large numbers
of votes from both of the major parties
because of the unsettled state of parti
san lines.
The Prohibition party made its first
great gain In 1884, when party lin.es
were considerably broken, and suffered
its most notable loss in 1896, when the
Presidential contest was . the fiercest
between the Republican and Demo
cratic candidates.
THE CURSE OF NEEDLESS NOISES
New York's Important Step to Make
Air Free From Injurious Sounds.
North American.
A new proof comes that it is always
the crank who starts the reforms of
the world. A New York woman be
came the Joy of cartoonists and comic
paragraphers, two or three years ago,
Dy inaugurating an "anti-noise " cru
Bade. The whole country laughed at
her, much as If she was a freak of the
Carrie Nation type,
But this woman was possessed of
force of character, as well as of wealth
and refinement. And, best of all. she
had grasped a hygienic and civic truth
which nan come -to no one else so
vividly as to her, when one she loved
was killed by a city's needless noise.
So she formed in New York, the
Society for the Prevention of Un
necessary Noise. The whole country
ridiculed her. But the society has
lived down the laughter. And general
order 47, of Police Commissioner Blng
ham, has just been Issued placing the
whole police force of New York at the
service of the society.
It Is not in many things that we
find reason to choose New York for
a model. But when that or any other
city takes a long step forward toward
complete civilization It is a pleasure,
as well as a duty, to recognize the ad
vance with praise, and to bespeak
emulation for the example shown to
us.
Sancho Panza spoke for all human
ity when he blessed "the man who
first invented sleep." The curse is
doubled upon him who, without reason
or excuse, destroys the best of healers
and most potent of all life-savers.
None can reckon how much of our
awful death rate among children, in
the Summer, Is due to the Jarring out
of the feeble flame of life by some
street noise Just when nature was
coaxing it by sleep Into stronger
burninK.
And who can count the waste of
nervous energy, of health ana mental
and manual productiveness by the in
terruption of rest of even the healthi
est workers in the sweltering, de
pressing days that test vitality to the
utmost?
New York has set a sensible stand
ard for every other American city by
the use of its whole police power to
suppress these nuisances:
Unnecessary shouting of street hawkers
of all kinds.
Unnererearv shouting and yelling
Unnecessary blowing of eteamboat or fac
tory whistle.
Roller ekatlng In the etreeta or on the
sidewalks, to the Interruption of traffic.
Unnecessary blowing of whistles or horns
on motorcycle or automoDlies.
Lett ni the exhaust escape irom motor
cvclee and automobiles without being prop
erly muffled.
Blowing horns or bugles or ringing bells by
aclesors-grinders.
Telling of the "oid-cio" men.
Kicking tin cans on sidewalks.
Flat wheels on streetcars.
Barking dogs.
And for comment on this good, new
reform, we need none better than these
words of a physician of experience
and intelligence: "It is as much the
duty of the public authorities to keep
the air free from disagreeable and
I
, , , ,
njurtous sounds as It is to keep the '
.1- rrr Karl ndnr. All nnfee I
lr free from bad odors. All noise
cannot be stopped, neither can all bad
odors be prevented, but that Is no ex
cuse for not making reasonable effort
to stop disagreeable and injurious
sounds,
as . well as to prevent bad
odors.'
Harding David' Cane Aids Thought.
Boston (Mass.) Dispatch.
Richard Harding Davis, the author.
playwright and small politician, in
variably carries a very thin ferrule
cane, which he nervously bends and
twists in his hands and which he de
clares Is a great aid to rapidity and
accuracy of thought.
AUSTRALIA'S INDUSTRIAL FITTBB
Development Dwarfed Due to Radteal
Experiments la State Socialism.
From Report to U. S. Department of
Commerce and Labor.
The arrival of the fleet in Australian
waters, will call the attention of the
American people to a country with
whoso social and political conditions
they are better acquainted than they
are with its commercial conditions.
Reporting to the Department of Com
merce and Labor in August, 1907, Spe
cial Agent Burrill states that "with a
population but little in excess of that
of New York (city) and an area near
ly as great In extent as that of the
United States, it is Inevitable that the
Industrial and commercial progress of
the Commonwealth of Australia should
still be in Its Infancy and that the
development of her splendid resources
should be somewhat retarded." The
"Statesman's Year Book" for 1907 re
ports Australia as having an area of
3,063,113 square miles and a popula- .
tlon (1906) of 4.406,761.
There can be no doubt that what
ever the ultimate result may be, the
immediate development of the country
has been greatly restricted by radical
experiments in state socialism. Capital
has been frightened away and It Is re
ported that even business profits of
Australian business men are sent else
where for Investment. These experi
ments have been described in general
terms as "an assertion of tire right of
the state to intervene between em
ployer and employed for the purpose of
regulating and defining the duration
and general conditions of certain kinds
of human labor, as well as In some
Instances the wages Justly payable for
the work done." The efforts to im
prove the social condition of wage
earners and to discover a political
panacea for economic evils have been
most interesting, but they have not as
yet been sufficiently successful to lead
to their universal adoption.
In spite of this drawback the com
merce of the country shows a consid
erable expansion. Imports have In
creased from $167,407,600 in 1890 to
$195,633,300 in 1900, and to $245,336,900
in 1907. Increase in exports has been
from $117,769,300 in 1890 to $163,294,
750 in 19u0, and to $301,754,209 in 1907.
These figures are for merchandise
only. Including gold in the form of
ore, bullion and specie, the record
stands thus:
1SB0. 1900. 19I1T.
Imp. $170,81 1,150 $201,473,100 $2."2.4,'U20
Exp. 142,573,450 2:13,859,000 354.784.5IU
The exact figures of American com
merce with Australia are not avail
able. Merchandise of American origin
goes in some quantity by the 'way
of British and Continental trading
houses. Until a few years ago Aus
tralian Imports were credited to the
port of shipment Irrespective of the
country of their origin. Until 1905
American statistics of export to Aus
tralia were reported In combination
with exports to all the rest of British
Australasia, Including New Zealand.
Even now the Tasmanlan account Is
combined with the Australian. The
separate account would probably show
a variation in the last four years of
between $25,000,000 and $28,000,000, or
about 10 per cent of Australia's pres
ent imports.
Our exports are decidedly miscel
laneous, with kerosene, rough lumber
and agricultural implements as the
leading Items. They Include many of
the articles of common use in civilized
communities and a large percentage of
the trade consists of manufactured
goods. Whiie Australia is a producer
of not from from $100,000,000 worth of
minerals annually, largely gold and
copper, and is an exporter of metals
to the extent of about one-half that
sum, its principal business is agricul
ture, and wool Is its leading product.
Its export sales of that commodity in
1907 amounted to $140,000,000. Wheat,
frozen meats, butter and such animal
products as leather, hides and tallow
are export Items of Importance. Ex
ports to the United States amounting
to about $12,000,000 a year are limited
by our domestic production of the
same articles.
In such matters as area, population,
race type, natural resources, commer
cial needs, commercial opportunities
and assured future, Australia is fairly
comparable with Canada, and the Im
ports of the Commonwealth are not
far behind those of the Dominion. Yet
we sold to Canada last year $167,000,
000 and to Australia less than $30,000,.
000.
WHISKY-DRINKING FALLING
OFF
for
Yet the Average la 1M Gallons
Every Peraon In the Country.
New York Times.
From the preliminary report ofthe
Commissioner of Internal Revenue it
appears that there was a considerable
reduction in the amount of spirits dis
tilled In the fiscal year ending June 30.
The loss In revenue to the Treasury
was $15,767,038, representing a falling
off In production of 14,333,673 gallons
during the year, and leaving the total
for the year at 119,808,402. The per
capita consumption last year was 1.63;
for the year closing with June it would
be about 1.46 gallons:
The falling off is roundly 11 per
cent. This le noteworthy, but it Is by
no means unprecedented. It Is still a
slightly higher per capita rate than for
1905, and the same as for 1904. Pre
vious to that time there had been a
steady advance In the per capita con
sumption since 1896, when It had sunk
to the remarkably low level of 1.01.
This again had been the lowest point
of a decline for four years, the rate
In 1892 being 1.62. to which It had risen
uninterruptedly from 1887. So far as
these figures admit of a general expla
nation, it would seem that the con
sumption of whisky, or distilled spirits
all other kinds are practically negli
gible depends more on the prevalence
of prosperity In business than upon any
other conditions. How far this Infer
ence Is to be modified by the advance
in the Prohibition movement through
out the country remains to be seen. It
l estimated by the candidate of the
Prohibition party for the Presidency
that one-half of all our population Is
now living in Prohibition territory.
This is a tremendous change within tr
20 years covered by the figures we hsve"
cited, and In all reason ought to save
an appreciable Influence. The most
skeptical as to the benefits of Prohi
bition will concede that nearly gallon
and .a half for every man. woman and
child per annum Is a somewhat exces
sive allowance. The millions who do
no contribute a gill a year to that aver
age will have their own severe but
sober view of the amount that must
be drunk by others. k
a
Parable of a Newspaper Steward. '
Philadelphia Dispatch.
Adolph S. Ochs. publisher of the New
York Times, Philadelphia Public Ledger
and Chattanooga Times, started in
Chattanooga as a newsboy. He says
the secret of his success is the knowl
edge that "It requires no more effort
to 1 ' 1 K iiiiiiK limn it mvo fcv, w .
" . .. "
Small thing.
Hea Hatches Young Blacluaakes.
Baltimore News.
John Shields, a farmer near Dallas,
Texas, set a hen on snake eggs by way
of experiment, and now has a fine
hatching of blacksnakes. The hen
mother refuses to recognize her strange
brood.
Women Must Cheek Hats In Theater.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
In her new theater in New York,
Maxine Elliott, the actress, will require
all women patrons, before taking seats,
to check their hats in a dressing-room.