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PORTLAND, TUESDAY. JUNE 9, 1908.
"MINGLE, MINGLE, MINGLE."
Multnomah County (Portland),
which, by a tremendous majority,
saves the State University from stran
gulation by the rural districts, comes
near giving a majority for single land
tax; which, however, la overwhelm
ingly beaten by the vote of the rural
counties. Do we realize what these
contradictions mean?
Throughout the country there Is a
movement based on the socialistic in
stinct, which doesn't know fully its
own intent, but acts more or less
blindly, on any present Impulse. The
ends of all these are the same, but
they -who are In the current don't
know how to reach them.
Portland upholds the University, by
a tremendous vote, yet almost de
clares for the single land tax. The
rural districts vote overwhelmingly
against the single land tax, yet refuse
to uphold the University. The com
mon object is dictated by the social
istic Instinct; but the city has one view
of the problem, the country another.
The country rejects the University
because it doesn't want to be taxed;
the city declares for the University
because there are two classes of voters
In the city, one of whom stands for
the appropriation on broad principles
of state policy and educational ne
cessity; the other, on the ground that
all taxation is good for the commune,
which pays little or nothing.
But when you come to the land
tax a multitude in the city that has
voted for the University appropriation
votes for the land tax also. The rural
districts, however, don't want the land
tax. Their , notion of socialism is a
different one.
After all, however, what is It but a
phase of the everlasting controversy
between the Haves and the Have-Nots,
so powerfully set forth In the discourse
of Sancho Panza, three centuries ago
and more?
It all teaches that there are no new
problems. Many of our people act as
if they supposed or believed there
were. Various interests those of city
and of country suppose themselves
in antagonism. Their votes are cast
in accord with that idea; which, in
deed, has something behind it, or ap
pears to have; but there is no real
correspondence of motive or action;
and the result is what neither of the
parties has foreseen; just as the Re
publican factions of Oregon have been
buncoed, have buncoed themselves and
each other, have merely played into
the hands of opponents, and lost the
whole business. Of course all these
things tend to some good account at
last; for it is mostly through their
follies, that men are taught wisdom.
You may make all the stir In politi
cal and social problems you will, but
none of you will get out of it the result
you expect; and each and all of you
will be disappointed and disgusted, in
turn.
BRYAN AND JOHNSON.
Mr. Bryan believes he will be nomi
nated; and certainly there is every
probability he will be. Tet Mr. John
son, of Minnesota, is not out of the ring,
and Mr. Bryan is reported to be an
noyed by the course 6f Mr. Johnson
and of those who are backing him.
Several times Mr. Johnson. has spoken
slightingly of Mr. Bryan; and Mr.
Bryan feels that Mr. Johnson at this
time has no right to "butt in."
The Xew York Sun has a story
about it. This story te.lls us that Mr.
Bryan bitterly resents the action of the
backers of Mr. Johnson. "Looking
back to 1904, Mr. Bryan recalls the
nomination of Alton B. Parker, of New
York, brought about by a coterie of
conservatives who demanded that rad-
lcalism should be relegated to the po
litical scrap pile. Mr. Bryan wit
nessed the Waterloo of Judge Parker
with great rejoicing. The Peerless
Leader is said to feel it in his bones
that, despite protestations to the con
trary, the same men who forced the
nomination of Judge Parker at St.
Louis four years ago are backing the
candidacy of Governor Johnson."
All the literature issued in behalf of
Mr. Johnson bristles with hostility to
Mr. Bryan, and it nettles Mr. Bryan
very much.. It is given out that if Mr.
Bryan should fail to land the nomina
tion hi3 devoted adherents are to
throw their support to Senator Charles
A. Culberson, of Texas. Yet it does
not appear probable that Mr. Bryan's
enemies will be able to deprive him of
the nomination. His supporters will
be strong enough to set aside the
two-thirds rule, In order to prevent it,
but will not be willing to do that un
less it shall be the last resource.
THE RUSH IS OVER.
There will be very little rush in
Oregon, henceforth, to get Republican
nominations. Mighty little banking
will there be hereafter on that imag
inary "thirty or forty thousand Re
publican majority." The (so-called)
Republican voter will have to pursue
men to get them to take Republican
nominations, and make a contract be
sides to pay their campaign expenses.
There will not be four or live candi
dates, as heretofore, struggling to get
the nomination for the office of Gover
nor, nor a similar number trying to
obtain the nomination for Senator, nor
a lot of good and earnest men press
ing for the nomination for the May
oralty of Portland. .
No, brethren, no. The coyness and
hesitancy will strike those who have
been accustomed to effort to get nomi
nations for Congress, next; because
they, too, will be in deadly peril after
this; and there will be no chance to
get men to stand as Republican candi
dates for the Legislature, unless the
hat is passed to raise a fund to hire
them. A big bunch of patriots,
wishing to go to the Legislature this
year, but finding no chance unless
they would shout for Statement One,
seized the opportunity and . took the
pledge, expecting Cake to be elected
and glory and preferment to ensue.
They now are tied up to a Democrat
for Senator, and will be compelled to
elect him. But he can do nothing for
them in return. If Bryan shall be
elected he will not want to, for the
Senator will have his own party
friends to serve. If Taft shall be
elected he can't help them; and there
will be lots of fun.
But the standard-bearers of the Re
publican party will be mighty few
from this time. The rush to get Re
publican nominations is over.
THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM.
It is safe to wager that both - the
great parties will make their platforms
with unusual care this Summer. The
voters are indocile. Their mood is
critical. Partisan boasting will be
scouted with satirical scorn. Exces
sive promises will excite incredulity.
Declarations of policy will be scanned
for evidence of sincerity, and if it is
absent they were better not made.
Substantially the Republican platform
is finished. It Is said to have been
composed by Mr. Wade Ellis, of Ohio,
the same lawyer who wrote the plat
form lately adopted by the Republic
ans of his own state. That was a very
good one, clear, sincere and forceful.
This ought to be better, for Mr. Roose
velt has had a hand in making It, and
so have Mr. Taft and other men of
notable skill in the business.
The convention will probably adopt
the document much as it is submitted.
Some minor changes may be voted,
some trifling additions, but nothing of
consequence. The main purpose of
the convention will be to commend
Mr. Roosevelt's policies, promise to
continue them and nominate Mr.
Roosevelt's candidate. It stands to
reason, therefore, that the President
ought to have a voice, a dominant
voice, in composing the platform, since
he knows better than anybody else
what his policies are and how they
should be developed. It is idle to
think of a great convention formulat
ing a statement of principles upon its
own initiative. Such huge bodies are
too much like mobs to do flhelr own
thinking. Somebody has to take time
by the forelock and do It for them.
Most readers will be curious to
know what the platform says about the
tariff after all the popular cry for
lower duties since last Fall. It pro
nounces for revision, which is some
thing, gained, though the revision is a
good deal hedged about and explained
away. Still it is a long step forward
from blank standpatlsm to confess
that any duty ought to be lowered a
particle. The bad old habit of ador
ing the Dingley tariff is broken, and
since small changes naturally lead to
great ones, it is not unreasonable to
expect steady Republican progress
toward a system of import duties
which shall neither encourage mo
nopoly nor wrong the consumer. That
element in both parties which fattens
upon the present monstrous tariff and
luxuriates in the privileges which it
creates may be expected to make re
duction as difficult a3 they can, but
it is now fairly on the way in spite of
them. Tariff reduction is no longer a
"heresy" in the Republican party. It
has become orthodox. The standpat
ters are now the heretics.
Concerning natural resources and
inland waterways, the convention is
likely to stand with the President. It
will declare that the resources ought
to be conserved and the waterways
made navigable. These principles im
ply many restrictions upon the ram
pant individualism which has hitherto
ruled and ruined In the United States.
They set the good or the public above
the privilege of the few and concede
that the future has rights which the
present Is bound to respect. The con
servation of natural resources re
quires the Government to undertake
duties which are unfamiliar to many
Americans and sometimes dreaded;
but the problem must be solved If
the next generation is to have a coun
try fit to live in, and the Republican
party faces the task courageously.
Now as formerly. It is the party of
patriotism. Once the Republicans
saved the country by fighting; today
they are ready to save it by taking
care of our natural resources. Which
task shows greater devotion It were
hard to say.
To both the railroads and the labor
unions the convention will make con
cessions; to the railroads the pooling
privilege as Mr. Roosevelt has recom
mended; to the unions the less em
phatic favor of a hearing previous to
the issuance of a labor injunction.
In speaking of labor, the platform, as
proposed, seems to fall suddenly into
verbosity. It Is no longer pointedly
clear, whereas it is Just here that
clearness is especially needed. The
unions have none too much confidence
in Mr. Taft at best. Putting them off
with verbal platitudes will not make
matters better. Whatever the plat
form has to say about labor should be
stated tersely, definitely and sincerely.
Any other course will prove a woful
mistake. Those who care to look for
it will find in the platform the usual
ornamental paragraph about "the civil
rights of the negroes." It means
nothing, but it looks very swell and
has hitherto served to hold the colored
vote. The managers should see to re
gliding it this Summer or its attract
iveness may fall at a critical moment.
THE BEEF FAMINE.
The beef famine in the East has
sent prices skyward and the supply
has fallen so far short of the demand
that shipments previously started for
Europe are being returned. Other
packers having space engagements on
the steamers are paying for the space
and holding the beef for sale in this
country. This is a condition of af
fairs that can hardly fail to encourage
the cattle Industry in this country, and
is of particular interest to Oregon
stockmen at this time. The supply of
cattle In the United States is greater
than ever before, but the demand is
also greater, and the growers are tak
ing advantage of the increased de
mand. The principal factor, however,
in the scarcity of cattle in the markets
Is the prosperity or the farmers in
the greater part of the United States.
With the passing of the big cattle
ranges of the West, the business has
undergone a change.
Formerly one stockman would have
herds of from 5000 to 15,000 cattle,
and when these cattle were ready to
turn off they were rushed to market
with all possible speed. With such
vast herds dependent on public lands
for pasturage, there was but little op
portunity to hold them back for a bet
ter market, and each year practically
everything that was worth selling
found Its way to market, regardless of
prices. Now, instead of comparatively
few men raising herds numbering
thousands, there are thousands of
small farmers annually turning off
from one to ten or twenty head of
cattle. It is from these small farm
ers, and not from the big cattle-growers,
that the beef supply of the United
States is secured, and, as they have
been enjoying great prosperity for a
number of years, they are not obliged
to sell their stock at low prices. The
beef famine, with its attendant high
prices, will prove highly beneficial to
the agricultural classes, but It will
hardly be hailed with delight by the
poor people who are obliged to buy
meat.
Establishment at Portland of the big
packing plants of Swift and the S. & S.
people will make this city a great mar
ket for cattle, as well as other live
stock, and as the Eastern demand for
the packing-house products is greater
than ever before, there is unusual in
centive for the farmers of the Pacific
Northwest to engage in the business of
cattle-raising. More fat cattle can be
turned off a small number of acres
in Oregon than in any other state in
the Union, and, with prices soaring
and a packing-house right at the farm,
there are great possibilities in store for
the small as well as the large stock
men in this region.
HISTORICAL FICTION.
Eastern magazine contributors who
write on Western historical topics,
with only a smattering of knowledge
of the subject they attempt to discuss,
generally drift far away from the
facts. No recent effort of this kind
contains more inaccuracies and mis
statements than are found in kn arti
cle on the "First Pacific Steamer,"
contributed to the June Outing Maga
zine by Agnes Deans Cameron. About
the only accurate statements made in
the article are the dimensions of the
vessel and the place where she was
built. "Working up the Pacific was
a slow process and a chastening one,"
says Outing, "and we may fairly as
sume that, when the deep -throated
whistle from the dirty smokestack an
nounced, her arrival at the fort of As
toria on the Columbia on the morning
of April 4 of the next year, the Beaver
had fully found herself."
The Beaver came out from Europe
under sail, and, according to the cap
tain's log, which is still in possession
of a citizen of Victoria, on March 19
"at 10:50 shortened sail and came to
anchor in Baker's Bay in five "fathoms
of water." Before comingt to anchor
the vessel was boarded by the "Gov
ernor of Fort George (Astoria) and
by the chief officer of a ship anchored
at Astoria." The Beaver proceeded
on up the river and the work of fit
ting her up as a steamer occupied sev
eral weeks, the first steam going
through her "deep-throated whistle"
at 4 P. M., May 16. The Outing
writer says that "almost immediately
upon making Vancouver Captain W.
H. McNeill assumed command of the
Beaver," and It was under him that
"the great rivers of the west, the Intri
cate inlets and inland waterways were
explored." McNeill did not assume
command of the Beaver on arrival, for
Captain David Howe, who brought the
vessel out, took her on her first voy
ages from Vancouver, remaining with
her for some time afterwards.
McNeill, who was an American, was
master of the vessel at Intervals for
several years, but the honor of ex
ploring the "intricate inlets and Inland
waterways" belongs equally to Cap
tains Dodd, Brotchie, Scarborough,
Sangster, Swanson, Lewis, Pender and
a number of other pioneer navigators.
Outing also has the Beaver engaging
in the Fraser River gold rush, al
though she was entirely too deep draft
to ascend the river. Perhaps the most
grotesque feature of the article is the
statement that "when the interna
tional dispute arose over .the owner
ship of the Island of San Juan, the
little 'black seal fire-devil' (Beaver)
protected the interests of John Bull
until the Emperor of Germany kindly
decided that he no longer had any
interests to preserve." -
There are very few school children
in the country who do not know that
the San Juan dispute was strictly an
American-British affair. .The "inter
ests of John Bull," instead of being
protected by the diminutive Beaver,
were fairly well attended to by the
warships Plumper, Ganges, Tribune
and Satellite. As a sample of the
great "protection" which the Beaver
could have afforded, it might be men
tioned that there was. present, ready
for pombat, an American fleet consist
ing of the Active, Jeff Davis, Massa
chusetts and Shubrick. The Outing
story ends with an account, of the
wreck, the Beaver being swept from
the rocks at the entrance of Vancou
ver harbor bj "the sidewheel steamer
Yosemite (long since herself a bone
yard corpse)." This statement brings
the , inaccuracies of the story right
through to the close, for the Yosemite
is now an excursion steamer plying out
of Seattle. A tinge of fiction some-
times adds to the interest of historical
subjects, but Outing's story of the
Beaver seems to have been treated to
an overdose.
The Government crop report yester
day made an unusually favorable
showing for a big crop of wheat, oats
and barley. The effect of the report
was apparent in the markets, in a
sharp decline in prices. Big crops, of
course, cannot be marketed at such
high prices as prevail when there is a
smaller amount available, but, even at
low prices, they are mor.e welcome
than small crops. To handle them
requires more labor, and more cars,
and cheap wheat means cheap bread,
so that if we proceed on the theory of
"the greatest good for the greatest
number," the big crop, even with Its
low prices, is more valuable than the
small one. Fortunately for the Pa
cific Northwest, where crop failures
are seldom known, we usually harvest
a big crop when there Is a small crop
in the rest of the country, thus en
joying the advantages of a big crop
and big prices.
Will Taft pledge himself to the sup
port of Oregon's Holy Statement or
Sacred Pledge? If not, how can he
expect to carry Oregon? We expect
to hear along towards Fall many , a
powerful appeal in Oregon for Bryan,
on the ground that he is "more loyal"
to Statement No. 1 than Taft is.
The analogy between the pledge of
Presidential Electors to cast their
votes in a certain way for President,
and the pledge of members of the
Legislature to do tire like thing in the
election of United States Senators,
would be quite proper if there were
any analogy in it. But there isn't. The
Presidential Electors will cast their
votes for their party's candidate; the
members ofwur Legislature who have
taken the pledge are to cast their votes
for the opposition party's candidate.
Hence a Legislature, five-sixths of
whose members have been elected as
Republicans, are to elect a Democratic
Senator. Please excuse men of sense
and purpose from further relations
with a party that "fixes' Itself in this
manner. The Democratic party at
least or worst has more sense than
that.
In Clackamas and many other coun
ties whisky now will be taken, as in
the olden time, straight from the Jug.
It was altogether proper for Dis
trict Attorney Manning to dismiss the
charges against George H. Hill, in the
matter of the Title Guarantee & Trust
Company. Close examination of the
records of the defunct concern shows
that Mr. Hill was in no wise to blame
for the "plunging" that launched it
into failure, or for the receipt of de
posits after it was insolvent, or for
conversion of the state's school funds.
His position in the bank was only a
nominal one. He had nothing to do
with direction of its policy.
Governor Chamberlain will stand
aside and let some other "nonparti
san" go to Denver in his place. This
is a good time for every Democrat to
lie low who has aspirations to be
elected Senator by a Republican Leg
islature. Disastrous floods in Montana, and
death-dealing tornadoes in Iowa, Kan
sas and Nebraska, have taken up con
siderable newspaper space in the past
few days, but in Oregon, sunshine and
roses and a good boating stage of
water in the river are about the only
features of the climate that attract at
tention. The Hood River strawberry
growers have special reasons for sym
pathizing with, the Northern Pacific
Railroad, for the demoralization of the
railroads has prevented the shipment
of berries to a number of Montana
points. This is hard on the growers
and also hard on the Montana people,
who are deprived of the Oregon straw
berries, the finest to be found any
where in the world.
Imports of the Philippine -Islands
for the year 1907 amounted in value
to $30,453,810; exports, $33,097,857.
Largest part of the exports consisted
of hemp valued at $19,689,493; sugar,
value $4,195,671; copra (dried kernel
of the cocoanut), $4,784,151. Nearly
all sugar known in Oregon In early
times was from Manila. It was dark
and even black sugar, in mats. Rice
was from the same quarter.
There are now on the way to Port
land 231 carloads of machinery for the
new Swift packing-house plant. Of
course this machinery will be dumped
off at Portland to He around and rust
until Swift & Co. get ready to move it
up to the enormous plant which they
"might" build at Seattle. This, at
least, is the inference that one would
gain by reading some of the Seattle
papers, which have not yet discovered
that big enterprises Jnvolving such an
enormous investment as that of the
Swift plant always locate at the most
advantageous point.
The fans are threatened with a re
turn of that old 1905 feeling, when
they had a ball team that got to the
top and stayed there. '
They call ..the ."allies" who want to
beat Taft the Wilkins Mlcawbe'r Club.
Waiting for something to turn up.
Anything to beat Taft.
The city belonged to the young and
the gay last week; this week the old
and the sedate will be its honored
guests. Beginning with the reception
and banquet to the Indian War Vet
erans today and ending with the after
noon banquet and evening campfire,
tales of the pioneers Thursday, the
past and the present will be brought
in closest touch through the gentle
magic of memory and the tender grace
of hospitality. The week's entertain
ment will be less hilarious than that
of last week, but in its way, and to
those to whom it makes special ap
peal, it will be quite as enjoyable.
The new rate of postage between the
United States and the United King
dom will be 2 cents: now 6 cents. It
will go into effect October 1
OREGON'S VOTE FOR U. S. SENATOR
People's Course Commented on by
Varlous Newspapers.
Washington (D. C.) Star (Ind.)
Governor Chamberlain's victory is
personal. It cannot be otherwise ex
plained. Republicans voted for him
knowing his politics and that as Sena
tor he would act with the Democratic
party. Those who took this stand put
his personality above party considera
tions. There could have been no under
standing to the contrary, for Governor
Chamberlain's character and popularity
repel the bare suggestion.
Should these instructions be obeyed?
Undoubtedly. Illogical as the result is,
It represents the popular will, and ours
Is a government by the majority.
Immediately, however, it is suggested
that the instructions voted should be
disiegarded, and a Republican sent to
the Senate. If this should be done, the
injury to the Republican party of Ore
gon will be far greater than any com
putable from the loss of a Senatorship.
Bad faith is always in the end pun
ished severely, In politics as In other
things.
The vote on the Senatorship In Ore
gon is close, and this may lend itself
to the schemes of Governor Chamber
lain's opponents. But it would be as
unwise to count him out on the popu
lar vote as to reject him In the Legislature.
Not for Oregon, but United State.
Washington (D. C.) Post (Ind.).
Is the election of a United States
Senator by the people of Oregon wholly
"their own business?" We do not
think so. A Senator Is a lawmaker for
the whole United States. No Senator
pretends that he is bound to comply
with the instructions of his Legisla
ture, or even the will of the people of
his state. He has a higher duty to
perform, and he must perform it If he
is conscientiously acting in behalf of
the people of the country. Oregon can
not live to itself alone In the matter of
United States Senators. The Constitu
tion guards against such an evil, and
the Senate itself, in pursuance of the
provisions of the Constitution. Is likely
to exclude persons who present creden
tials of election held in a manner not
authorized by the Constitution.
A Drsiocrat With Southern Sympathies.
New York Sun.
There is no doubt that a Republican
Legislature has been elected in Oregon
and early returns from the primary for
United States indicated that Governor
Geofge Earle Chamberlain, a Democrat,
was the choice of the people of the
state. If the official count shows this
to be the case, the Legislature, no mat
ter how large the Republican major
ity may be, will have to respect the
will of the people and send to Wash
ington a Senator who is a Democrat
with Southern sympathies, for Mr.
Chamberlain was born in Mississippi
and educated in Virginia. Oregon, when
Chamberlain is not a candidate for of
fice, is temperamentally as Republican
as Vermont. His election would be a
handsome personal compliment, but It
would not be a convincing argument
for the primary system of choosing
Senators.
Rather a Strain on Party Loyalty.
New York Evenings Post (Ind.-Dem.)
Of course, a Republican Legislature
is under no legal compulsion to elect
the Senator who is the proved choice
of the people of the . state, but it Is
morally bound to do so. Indeed, Re
publican candidates for the Legislature
expressly pledged themselves to abide
by the popular vote on the Senatorship.
If they do not, they will repudiate thu
direct primary law of which Oregon
has been so proud, and under which
they themselves have their political be
ing. But fancy the strain on party
loyalty!
Will Statement No. 1 Men Flopf
Boston Transcript (Ind-Rep.)
If It turns out that George K. Cham
berlain, a Democrat, Is the choice of
the popular primaries of Oregon for
the United States Senatorship, a place
which must be filled by an overwhelm
ingly Republican Legislature, it will
give the Oregon system the severest
test to which It has yet been subjected.
Oregon has an arrangement for pledg
ing the members to vote for the man
who stands first in the popular polling,
and it now remains to be seen how well
the agreement has been riveted.
Wholly a Question of Good Faith.
Indianapolis News (Ind.)
The Oregon law, following that of so
many states, seeks to bring the control
of the Senatorial choice directly within
the power of the people Instead of dele
gating it to the people's representa
tives in the Legislature, as is the case
in Indiana and in most states the old
way. Now the point Is whether legis
lators will respect their pledge and
elect the people's choice or whether
they will repudiate this and vote ac
cording to party. It Is wholly a ques
tion of good faith.
Tends to Befuddlement of Voters.
Kansas City Star (Ind.)
One interesting feature of the Oregon
election the primary vote for Senator
already has been commented on. An
other matter of significance Is the fact
that the state has been conducting an
experiment In governmental supervi
sion of the arguments of the campaign.
Certainly the plan in general use of
permitting each side to go out and say
what it pleases tends to the befuddle
ment of voters and falls somewhat
short of clearing political situations.
Bar Intrlgne In dominations.
San Francisco Chronicle.
In the opportunity, which the direct
primary affords to enable the people to
choose their own Senators lies one of
the strongest arguments in its favor.
Election or virtual election of Sena
tors by the people under conditions
which effectually bar Intrigue In mak
ing nominations, will eliminate from
our political system one of the most
widespread and prolific sources of cor
ruption. Recall rian a Wholesale Test.
Boston Herald (Ind.-Dem.)
One issue is the "recall" plan of dis
charging public officials. This whole
sale test, which Oregon Is making, will
be carefully watched by citizens every
where, especially by those who are not
satisfied with the results of lawmak
ing by representatives selected under
conditions that give so much power to
party machines.
Legislative Intrigue and Corruption.
Springfield (Mass.) Republican.
The founders of the Government
sought to lift the election of members
of one branch of the Government
above popular clamor and contention,
with the result of bringing- it too often
under the sway of the more sinister
Influence of legislative intrigue and
corruption.
Never Satisfactory.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Shifts and ingenious devices to cir
cumvent an antiquated provision can
never give entire satisfaction.
Third-Term Men Oppose Mr. Taft.
Sacramento. Cal.. Union.
Who is booming Roosevelt for a third
term? From what source comes the
money for the headquarters, the litera
ture, and the fight, The President says
he will not have another term, and that
the agitation is an insult. It is evident
that those now agitating a third term
for Roosevelt are opposing Taft.
WHAT GLORIOUS FOURTH COSTS
In Five Years 115$ People Were Killed
and 22,520 Injured.
Mrs. Isaac I Rice's "Our Barbarous
Fourth," in the Century.
The fitting celebration of Independ
ence day Is a question on which pa
triotic Americans are separated Into
two widely divergent parties, one claim
ing that it ought to be observed as nois
ily as possible, the other believing that
our National birthday is too glorious an
occasion to be marred by din and dis
order. Of course, we know that even
among those who favor a boisterous ob
servance there are many who cannot
tolerate it themselves, and escape to the
country in order to avoid the tortures
of the "awful Fourth;" Just as we know
that a large proportion of the noise-makers,
including the small boy and the
big boy, too. is heedless. If not ignor
ant, of all that our holiday stands for.
and thinks of it only as a time when
uamor may reign unrestrained.
The figures which indicate the price
that we pay for each of our yearly
celebrations are so appalling that one
would suppose that a knowledge of
them would be the most powerful de
terrent to our annual massacre. This,
unfortunately, is not the case. For the
past five years the Journal of the Amer
ican Medical Association has endeav
ored to collect statistics setting forth
what the celebration of the Fourth
costs in life and human usefulness; and
although these are admittedly incom
plete compiled, as they are. almost en
tirely from newspaper reports instead
of from records from hospitals, dis
pensaries and physicians they form
the gravest possible arraignment of
the recklessness which is willing to
pay such a price for a "jolly day." They
snow that during the celebration of five
National birthdays, from 3903 to 1907.
Inclusive. 1153 persons were killed and
2-.520 were Injured! Of the injured. SO
suffered total, and 389 partial, blind
ness: 380 persons lost arms, legs or
hands, and 1670 lost one or more fin
gers. But these figures, startling as
they are. convey only a faint idea of
the suffering, both physical and mental,
which went to swell the total cost of
these five holidays; in this we must
also include the weeks and often
months of anguish of the injured, the
suspense of entire families while the
fate of some loved one hung in the bal
ance, the horror of a future of sight
less years, the pinching poverty now
the lot of many because of the death
or maiming of the breadwinner.
A VOICE FROM KENTUCKY.
Mr. Wattersou's Vehement and Klery
Protest Against Prohibition.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
There are undoubtedly Prohibitionists
who call themselves Democrats, as there
are Democrats who think themselves Pro
hibitionists. But the Idea of Prohibition
Is at variance with all the ideas and ten
ets of Democracy. No man can be a Pro
hibitionist and remain a Democrat.
Prohibition is of the very essence of
Puritanism. Federalism and Republican
ism. It is laid in the belief that the Gov
ernment may regulate the personal life
and private affairs of the citizen. It
claims that through sumptuary edicts and
a protective tariff men may be legislated,
at the will of the party in power, into
millionaires and angels, church and state
being interchangeable and serving as con
vertible terms.
Democracy meets this theory not mere
ly with proof of its fallacy drawn from
history and human nature, but with an
alternative theory of free will requiring
the complete separation of church and
state.
The whole Prohibition movement is a
scheme to revive the prescriptive and
ruinous doctrine of chureh and state. In
the South Its animating purpose has been
to keep whisky from the nigger. Else
where in Democratic communities It Is a
scheme to promote Federalism. Puritan
Ism and Republicanism. Democracy
meets It with these plain proposals:
First Prohibition does not It never
has and It never will prohibit: on the
contrary, it degrades both the people and
the law; It promotes smuggling, extortion
and adulteration; It breeds both hypo
crites and lawbreakers; and. therefore,
that which may not be effectively re
pressed, may be wisely regulated and re
strained. Second Local option, each community
to be the judge of its own wants and
needs the doctrine of home rule has
been effectual wherever it has been tried,
and is as near a restriction of the drink
evil as legislation can provide.
Third All schemes of legislation based
on religious agitation and hysterical up
risings make not only for bad govern
ment, but have for their ultimate object
the abasement of Individual liberty and
the ascendancy of a union of tyrannous
clericalism and corrupt demagogy, which
in all ages and countries has draxged re
ligion, morals and patriotism through In
calculable wrong to certain ruin.
The Smile of a Good Harvest.
Washington (D. C.) Star.
Here is an anti-panic bulletin from To
peka: Free Employment Asent Gerow today called
for 21,5f0 men and 1IW5 teams to help with
the Kansas whoat harvest. It is thought
that the harvest will begin on the southern
e.i(?e of the state about June lit to Ifi, depend-In-
on the weather. The Central Kansas har
vt will be bet'-veten the liith and 'Juth. and
the northern harvest will begin about July I.
There Is an unusual demand f-ir teams this
year and farmers will pay $4 or $5 a day
for a man and a team.
Annually of late something like this has
appeared. Harvest time shows Kansas
swamped with prosperity and calling al
most piteously for help. Field hands by
the thousands are imported from a dis
tance, and even college boys are tempted
to take a little sunburn at a fancy figure
per day. The barns are too few in num
ber and all too small in size. Nature
has smiled until the farmer frowns.
And what is true of Kansas is true of
many other states. The fields are rich
beyond calculation. Everywhere is the
promise of wealth in quantities, awaiting
the gathering and the stowing away.
Brass Giving Way to Platt-lnum.
Hartford Courant.
New York once sent to the Senate
such men as Rufus King, Philip Schuy
ler, Gouverneur Alorris. DeWitt Clin
ton, Martin Van Buren and Silas
Wright as Daniel S. Dickinson, John
A. Dix. William H. Seward. Hamilton
Fish, Preston King and Edwin D. Mor
gan. At present her commissioned
spokesmen in the Senate are Thomas C.
Piatt ' and Chauncey M. Depew. We
have today the news of a finding In a
New York courtroom, and in an excep
tionally malodorous litigation, that It's
the woman in the case and not New
York's senior Senator who has been
committing perjury upon the witness
stand about an alleged marriage cere
mony of Sorts on the premises of a ho
tel. But what shred of dignity is left
to the aged Senator by his own testi
mony in the case?
New York Evening Post.
Brass as a symbol for effrontery
might now give way. to Platt-inum.
Denver As a Versatile City.
Washington (D. C.) Star.
The general assembly of the Pres
byterian Church has chosen Denver as
its next meeting place. Denver must
be a versatile city if it can attract
both Democrats and Presbyterians.
Snake Hunted For Five Years.
Pittsburg (Pa.) Dispatch.
A blacksnake 11 feet 8'4 inches long,
which has been hunted for five years,
was shot to death near Allentown, Pa.
Perhapst But He Didn't Mean It.
Roseburg News.
Did somebody say the state was Republican'
CHANGES IN GERMANY.
In a Moral Sense Not for the Better.
Sydney Brooks, in Harper's Weekly.
There is perhaps no nation that has
altered within a single generation In
so many essential qualities as Ger
many. Material prosperity suddenly
descending upon a country devoted to
plain living and high thinking has
brought the spirit of materialism in its
train. The Idealism and the love of
science and knowledge for their own
sakes that distinguished the antebel
lum generation, and constituted Ger
many's high, austere and distinctive
claim to honor, have been replaced by
a bald and repcllant utilitarianism. The
Germans are no longer the greatest
readers In the world. Thoy soem. Indeed,
to be In some danger of developing
for bonks and book-learning an almost
English contempt. That intellectual
cosmopolitanism which used to be one
of the most admirable and seductive of
Get man traits has vanished along with
the dazzling succession of authors, sci
entists and philosophers who were its
embodiment, and the unworldly profes
sors who fostered and perpetuated it.
A new luxury, restlessness, discontent
and chauvinism have invaded all
classes. The Germany of today, pursu
ing wealth with a more than American
ardor, has cultivated with assiduity,
and not without success, the amenities
and what Burke called "the solemn
plausibilities'" of life, has become more
polished, more ceremonious, more pre
occupied with the small niceties and
embellishments of social intercourse;
but has lost, or is rapidly losing, the
old simplicity and purity of manners.
Crimes against property and morality
have multiplied in Germany in the last
30 years with an appalling rapidity.
Financial juggleries have kept pace
with them. Berlin is the most cos
mopolitan and the most corrupt of Eu
ropean cities, and flaunts a coarseness
of depravity that is not. 1 think,
equaled anywhere. The Germans have
rushed into city life just at a time
when they are losing their spiritual
faith in theories of moral restraint.
The influence of the Socialist temper
is not to he sought In politics alone: it
has Indoctrinated at least a third part
of the German nation with the religion
of the crudest materialism. The great
city on the Spree, which a generation
ago was little more than a placid vil
lage, shows in its style of life, its
rents, it6 exuberant architecture, its
restaurants and hotels, its strident
round of gaiety, the vastness of the
distance which Germany lias traveled
In the last generation. I'nity, pros
perity and imperialism have wrought
a deep and visible change in the char
acter and social outlook of the German
people. Pornographic literature of the
most revolting and debasing quality is
becoming a greater evil in Germany
than it ever was in France. The mar
riage age among the higher classes
grows later and later. The number of
unmarried women at a marriageable
age estimated at considerable- over
2.000.000 and the great increase in
divorces emphasize a growing social
and moral unsoundness; and the many
scandals of recent years among the
aristocracy, which is always and In all
countries the first class to show the
taint of corruption, point to an unmis
takable lowering of the standards of
national morals.
LIVING IN NEW YOltlv
IS HIGH
Awful Conditions Where Economy Is
Nothing but Poverty by Contrast.
Harper's Weekly.
Economy is nothing but povertv in
New York, by contrast with tho abnormal
demands that living Involves. Spending
60 cents for breakfast, going without
luncheon, and paying a dollar for dinner
Is economy for a single man. A break
fast that costs 30 cents and a dinner GO
cents is poverty. The boarding-house
life is poverty; the lodging-house life ia
something worse; and the ordinary life
In a flat is voluntary servitude.
Sociologists claim that the lowest pos
sible yearly expense for a wnrklneman
with a wife and three children, embody
ing a normal standard of living, is f'.i.SO.
The statement was made recently by the
New York department of charities that
the average laborer's family in New
York Is existing on about $700 a year.
The minimum rate of rent on the Hast
Side for the barest decencies is $1 a
month. Coal costs from 10 to 15 cents a
pail, a fabulous price when estimated by
the ton.
Yet between this poverty and the
"economy" of the small-salaried employe
who Is compelled to adjust his earnings
to the demands or his occupation there is
small difference. We live in New York
by the cost rather than value of things.
An apple purchased on Fifth avenue costa
twice us much as the same apple bought
on Fourteenth street. The dollar Bowery
shirt costs twice as much on Hrnmlwav.
This is the city where thev "pay the
price."
The self-indulgent man who spends
$:i00 a day has not saved bis money nut
of his wages. The woman who could
not manage her household for a season
on less than $75,000 Is not the daughter
or the wife of a wage-earne.-. Economi
cal beginners really have no actual rela
tion to the existing problem of living in
New York.
What does it cost to live In New
York? More than you can ever hope to
earn in wages; and. so far as the chances
of speculation are concerned, that infeis
the necessity of "pull." If you haven't a
"pull." social or political or financial,
your speculative chances are slight. Ob
viously this state of restless endurance Is
demoralizing. It undermines character.
Presently you find yourself following th?
procession of people who are living be
yond their means, because they seem to
be enjoying themselves at it.
The only way to live within your in
come in New York is to become blind to
the very extravagances and allurements
that make this the metropolis, and to sac
rifice the pleasures of temptation for the
comforts of an honorable old age.
TO THE OREGON' ROSE.
(Inscribed to the Portland Rose Show, by
Perry Relgelman. Snlem. Or.)
Thou wast born with the blush of the
morning.
With its radiant glory and light.
While the dawn with Its beauty adorning
Lies enthralled In thy form so bright;
"Tis the love of the maker thou bearest.
Just a message of hope and of cheer.
And as pure as thy perfume is rarest
Is the song thou are singing here.
Oh. thy petals are red as the blushes
On the cheeks of a sweet rustic maid
When the warm flood of love sweeps and
rushes
While the first words of love soft ar
said;
Thou are glorious, passionate, glowing.
In thy heart burns a sensuous fire;
And my love for you ever is growing.
While my muse dost thou evr inspire.
Like the morning's fresh crystals of dew.
Like the stars in the deep, silent night,
Are thy petals of white, rose so true.
Are thy petals so pure and so white;
In thy breast lie the unwarmed snows.
And subdued Is the fierce, tropic heat
Of desire. And thy heart's spirit knows
Naught of sin. but of love chaftc and
sweet.
In this beautiful, golden Westland.
'Neath the blue of our sun-kissed skies.
Thou art crowned as our Queen, fair and
grand;
And thy smile do we ever niott prize.
Tls our love, and our pride, and our
boast.
'Tis the Queen where the great water
flows.
And with pleasure we drink to this toast:
"To the glorious Oregon Rose."