Morning Oregonian., May 26, 1908, Page 8, Image 8

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THE MORNING OREGOXIAN, TUESDAY, MAT 26, 1908.
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rORTTAND. Tl'ESDAY. MAY 80, 1808.
NAVAL DEFENSE.
It Is a universal lesson,' taught
through all time, that there can be no
eeure national greatness without
power at sea. It is now a more Im
pressive fact than at any former
period of the world's history; since the
new forces of electricity and steam,
with development of enormously high
power in gunnery, have wrought revo
lutionary changes in the conditions of
warfare. A nation like ours, accessi
ble to enemies by sea, its shores and
ports without, means of naval defense,
would be all the weaker as a conse
quence of Its greatness. The marl
time country, unable to meet and beat
off an attack by sea, is easy of con
quest, no matter what Its natural re
sources. We must maintain a navy.
The argument that a country main
taining a naval force for defense re
sembles a bully going armed with a
revolver both inviting and provoking
attack is one of those forced Analo
gies that are no analogies at all. Wars
come about through the competitions
of nations; through clash of , feelings
and Interests and purposes, on a vast
scale. They inevitably attend the
progress of national life, and are likely
at any time to be forced on peoples
who would willingly avert them.
Great Britain forced war on us in
1812. .We forced war on Mexico In
1846, and on Spain in 1898. There
was good ground for fear that Japan
might force war.on us in 1907; yet wo
had no preparation in the Pacific. It
is idle to expect peace to be kept by
insistence that the doctrine, "Thou
shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,"
shall be the basic principle of intor
j.aUonal law. The nation that loves
Its neighbor as Itself has not yet been
born irtto the world; and If it ever
should be. It would not be troubled
with greatness or with length of days.
The country that has an extent of
seaboard must be prepared to meet an
enemy at sea. Not so prepared, it
cannot be sure that It will be- able to
forbid an enemy to land. Be sure that
consideration of the probability
whether he may beable to attack your
ports, or not, and whether he will be
sble to land a military force on your
territory, or not, will always be a mo
tive in leading him to or with
holding him from a declaration of
war. If he "knows you are prepared
he will be little Inclined to attack you.
But, In the sompetition of nations,
don't depend on brotherly love. Na
tions that are in actual competition
with each other, actual rivals In
power, can rely only on their readi
ness and preparation to defend them-'
selves. Naval preparation, for a sea
board nation, is surest of all.
Upon the approach of Xerxes the
Athenians were in panic, and talked
about building walls for their protec
tion. But Themistocles told them
their best and only sure defense was
their wooden walls; that is, the Per
sians were to be met at sea. The
naval battle of Salamls was the key to
the history of the ancient world. Two
thousand years later the naval activ
ity of the English beat oft the great
Armada of Spain; and all history since
the year 1588 has been determined by
that event. It was England's force at
sea that withstood the colossal power
of Napoleon. Rome's power at sea
enabled her to withstand Carthage,
v forced Hannibal to march over the
Alps and cut off his succors from Af
rica, threw Macedonia out of the war,
and finally gave Rome the empire of
the Eastern world. Her legions did
their work after the sea was wholly
her own. All this is not to be Imi
tated, of course. But its lessons teach
very nation that has an extensive
seaboard what its true means and pol
icy of defense must be. The sea is the
world's great common. It may bring
a distant' enemy to your door.
Discontinuance of the rivalry of na
tions is impossible. So is the suppres
sion of national ambitions. One
might suppose that Germany and
England, whose largest element is
German, apd from whose reigning
family the head of the German Em
pire is directly descended, would cul
tivate the most cordial relations with
each other. On the contrary, they
glare at each other across the North
Sea; they have the Instinct of enmity
that rivalry creates; an English ad
ministration Is all but upset by a ru
mor of an agreement between one of
Its heads and the German court; and
the Germans on their side show a like
jealous hostility. It finds expression
even In the scientific literature of the
two countries. f the precept deliv
ered by Jesus "Love your enemies,"
etc. Haeckel, In his "Riddle of the
Universe," says: "It Is a very ideal
precept, but as useless in practice as
It Is unnatural." Translated into the
terms of modern life, he continues,
that means, "When the pious English
take from you simple Germans one af
ter another of your colonies in Africa,
let them have all the rest of your
colonies also or, best of all, give
them Germany itself." Further, "While
we touch on the marvelous world pol
itics of modern Ehgland, we may note
in passing its direct contradiction of
every precept of Christian charity,
which is more frequently on the Hps of
that great nation than of any other in
the world." The reply of England is
by building more battleships. Is the
Temple of Peace at The Hague more
than a thing to smile at?
To King James Lord Bacon wrote:
"The greatness of kingdoms and do
minions in bulk doth fall under meas
ure 'and demonstration that cannot
err; but the just estimate and power
of an estate is a matter than the which
there is nothing among civil affairs
more subject to error, nor that error
more subject to perilous consequence.
So he proceeds to say that there may
be "too much ascribed to largeness of
territory; too much to treasure or
riches; too much. to fullness of soil or
affluence of commodities." But true
greatness, he continues, "consists in
the population or breed of men, in the
temper of the government, whether
it keep the people In heart and cour
age and not in the condition of servile
vassals; and finally It consists in com
mandment of the 'sea." This expres
sion of wisdom, just three centuries
old, is not likely to be superseded for
many centuries to come.
HAKXNO GREAT SEAPORTS.
London is the greatest seaport on
earth, a port that was doing a large
ocean traffic a thousand years ago, a
port in which the fleets of Julius Cae
sar . dropped anchor before Jesus
came on earth, a port which annually
sends to the "uttermost ends of the
earth" the largest fleet that sails the
seas. London Is still the big port of
the world, but ports which were un
known until hundreds of years after
the London ships were carrying a
world's tribute to the London docks.
are annexing some of the prestige
which was formerly London's alone.
The Liverpool docks for years have
been famous as the finest In the world,
and ships that are much too large for
the London docks are handled with
ease at Liverpool. The latter port,
however. Is taking no chances on what
the future may have In store. The
Mersey Docks Board at a heavy ex
pense dredged the harbor Into shape
for handling the world's greatest
steamers, the Mauretania and Lusi-
tanla, but there are now looming up
on the maritime horizon, still greater
ships, and Liverpool Is taking time by
the forelock.
Provision has been made by the
board to carry out, at a cost of more
than $16,000,000, a plan by which it
will be possible to handle in the docks
a steamer 1100 feet long and several
feet deeper draft than any afloat to
day. This sum Is, of course, small In
comparison with that which has been
expended in converting a narrow ten
foot channel into one ample for the
largest ships afloat, but It shows the
interest that the people feel in the
maintenance of their maritime pres
tige. And Liverpool is not alone in
such undertakings. During the past
twenty years Hamburg has expended
for river and harbor Improvements
$76,000,000. In the same period Rot
terdam has spent on its harbor $50,
000,000, and Antwerp's expenditures
have exceeded $40,000,000. Meanwhile
the growth of these rival portsj has
warranted the expenditure, and Lon
don, which formerly enjoyed the pres
tige of a business vastly greater than
that of all other ports combined, no
longer has a business as great as that
handled in the aggregate by two of Its
rivals.
This economic change, brought
about by the enterprise of the people
in the rival ports, has at last awak
ened the fears of London, and there Is
now before Parliament a bill creating
the Port of London. When the bill
was up for second reading, Mr. Kear
ley. In speaking for It, made a num
ber of statements which, without the
change of a word, could be used in
support of the Port of Portland bill.
The main principle of the bill, he as
serted, was that the organization
"would be In the main a commercial
body comprised of individuals who
had a direct Interest in the trade of
the port They wanted men imbued
with the Idea that it was-their duty
to contribute what they could in the
way of management to the develop-
ment of the port for the common good
of all."
The bill, hefurther explained, was
Intended "to set up a single represent
ative authority to control, both the
river and the docks," and to have
charge of "deepening, dredging and
general improvement of the river."
The speaker warned the pe6ple that,
"In view of the extraordinary expen
diture abroad and the fact that de
velopments were continuously going
on to encourage trade, it was obvious
that something must be done at the
earliest possible moment IX the port of
London was to hold its own."
The natural facilities for making a
great port at Portland are vastly su
perior to those of either London or
Liverpool, but they must be improved
to meet the ever-changing require
ments of the trade. An enlargement
of the powers of the Port of Port
land, as provided for in the bill which
comes before the voters for ratification
next Monday, will enable Portland to
protect its Interests so far as towage
and pilotage are concerned. Beond
that, an earnest effort must be made
to keep the channel to the sea in the
best possible shape. An open river
above Portland will be of small ad
vantage if we neglect the improve
ment of the river below this city.
CONSERVING OIB RESOURCES.
The United States of America Is a
great Nation for preaching what it
does not always practice. Only last
week a White House conference, at
tended by nearly all of the Governors
In the country, decided that it is ex
hausting its natural resources at a
rate that is alarming. A stricter de
gree of conservation of resources was
demanded, and the demand met with
universal ap'proval. We were told by
the eminent speakers that the date
when the last ton of coal would be
mined, the last ton of Iron ore smelt
ed, and the last tree cut, was near at
hand. The speakers painted such a
strong picture of this coming distress
that people and press from the Atlan
tic to the Pacific, and from the Great
Lakes to the Gulf, were frightened at
the treeless, coalless and ironless spec
ter that arose before them. f
But did we take warning? Not so
you could notice It. A Washington
dispatch in yesterday's Oregonian
Stated "the estimate of the cost
of coal necessary to move the fleet
from San Francisco to Hampton Roads
by way of Honolulu, Manila, and the
Suez Canal has been reported by the
chief of the Bureau of Equipment as
amounting to $2,039,000." It was fur
ther stated that "arrangements have
been made to use American coal for
the entire cruise." Of course this
American coal must be transported at
very heavy cost many thousands of
miles to reach stations where It will
be necessary to place it on board the
ships. Naturally, with foreign coal
barred, the cost price will be advanced
to meet the circumstances, and by the
time the coal is in the bunkers of the
fleet It will probably cost at least 60
per cent more than the foreign coal
would have cost.
It was agreed at the Wnite House
conference, and affirmed by the press
and people, that the amount of coal
still remaining In America was suffi
cient to last but a few years. But
when foreigners offered to help us out
with a supply at an enormous saving
and convenience -to ourselves, did we
hastily grab the opportunity? Not
yet. but soon perhaps. Instead of con
serving our coal resources and inci
dentally our Government funds, we
actually paid some grasping American
coal baron a premium still further to
deplete our supplies. And coal is only
one of the many commodities which,
we are paying a premium to exhaust.
We mined last year more than 60,
000,000 tons of iron ore, and imported
only about 1,000,000 tons. We were
so anxiouB to conserve our Iron ore
that we actually paid the owners a
premium In the way of a protective
tariff, which shut out the foreign ar
ticle. The White House conference
has, in a measure, settled one vexea
question. It has made it possible to
predict the time when the standpat
ters will be willing to revise the tariff
on coal and iron. They will have no
objection to revision after the supplies
of these two great staples are ex
hausted. THE UNIVERSITY APPROPRIATION.
Mr. C. H. Walker, who has long
sought prominence as a first-born na
tive son of Oregon (he Having been
born, presumably, without .plan or
premeditated purpose of hi own, of
missionary parents, about 1837, at
Walker'sPrairie, near Spokane), comes
forward again claiming the "right"
upon the basis of the above bit of per
sonal history to protest against what
he believes to be an error that is likely
to influence the vote on the referen
dum called for the purpose of crip
pling, through lack of adequate sup
port, the work of the University ' of
Oregon. Now in point of " fact Mr.
Walker has just as much right to protest-
against this or any other meas
ure, as any other competent and de
cently behaved citizen of Oregon
and no more. The time and place of
his birth is not of the smallest possible
concern to the public in this connec
tion. These are interesting facts to
his descendants, probably, and no
doubt are duly recorded in the family
Bible perhaps the very one that his
good mother brought across the conti
nent in a carpetbag, swung from the
horn of her saddle on a journey the
events of which are a part of the his
tory of the missionary era of" the
Pacific Northwest. Let that suffice to
satisfy the pride of her son, born a
few months after her arrival at her
mission station. The event was one of
great moment to him, personally, but
for nlm to assume any special right
or privilege because of It to express
his opinion concerning a matter of
public interest, is an absurdity that
from frequent repetition has come to
vex the spirit of friendly tolerance
with which the conceits of an old man
are generally regarded.
So much for Mr. Walker as a "first
born native son." What he says about
the multiplicity of our colleges of sec
tarian basis and bias, and of our sev
eral "universities," unfortunately so
called, since neither their equipment
nor scope entitles them to be thus
named, is true. There are a number
of these schools in the state all too
many for the cause of what Is known
as "higher education," since they stand
for scattered educational resources
and effort where there should be, if
the best results are to be realized,
concentration of both. Their tend
ency, moreover. Is to keep alive a sec
tarian spirit which, to say the least, is
a clog upon , an educational effort
whose aim is thorough scholarship.
That the schools he names have
done excellent work in the past, ac
cording to their several capacities, and
to the Requirements of the time, is
true. That men and women have gone
out from each and all of them with an
equipment for further endeavor is also
a fact. " But that we have in the state
an institution which measures up to
the standard of a "university" no man
pretends to believe whose knowledge
upon this point qualifies him to judge.
If Oregon is to have a university,
called by its name and supported by
its citizens, let the funds necessary to
give such an institution a standing
among the universities of other states
be adequate for this purpose. If the
state is not to have a university thor
oughly equipped and ungrudgingly
supported, there Is nothing more to
be said beyond sounding the requiem
of a futile and discredited attempt in
this direction. ' If Oregon Is to be
known as a state of small colleges and
sectarian schools that are always
hovering upon the brink of collapse
and are saved therefrom from time to
time only by strenuous appeal to sec
tarian spirit and civic pride, let us ac
cept the situation, quit talking about a
state university and keep on sending
our sons and daughters to other states
to be educated.
This, stripped of 'all compliment and
pretense, is the question that the vot
ers of the state will be called upon to
decide on the first Monday in June by
voting "yes" or "no" upon the appro
priation allowed by the Oregon Leg
islature at its last session, for the bet
terment of the State University. It is
a question upon which every voter in
the state, without regard to the time
and place of his birth, has an un
questioned right to record his opinion
and wish by marking his ballot in
accordance therewith. It is scarcely
conceivable. In- the present stage of
our educational development and the
needs of the Immediate future, that
this appropriation will be voted down.
The extreme courtesy of the famous
Alphonse and Gaston will be outdone
today when President Fallieres, of
France, arrives in London to return
the visjt of King Edward. The dis
tance between London and Paris is
but little greater than between Port
land and Seattle, but that little affair
between Napoleon and the Duke of
Wellington widened out the gulf to
such an extent that it has required a
great lapse of time to bring the two
capitals very close together. London's
Lord Mayor paid a visit to Parts about
eighteen months ago, and njej .with
such a royal reception that King Ed
ward followed suit, and he also was
received like a long-lost brother. If
this affection continues to increase, it
will probably cause a re-establishment
of "the watch on the Rhine."
England has served ui'-ultimatum
on Liberia requiring the dinjnutive
black republic to maintain a better
government. In despair, a delegation
from the West Coast of Africa has
journeyed to Washington for advice.
If this delegation should pay strict
attention to Emma Goldman and our
own and only "Ces" Wood, It would
soon realize that its Journey was hope
less, and that it had come to the
worst-governed country on earth. The
visit at this time suggests the thought
that Liberia might offer a field In
which Emma and "Ces" could practice
with those strange theories of govern
ment for which they are famous. It
might be rather severe on Liberia, but
it would help matters some in our
own misgoverned land.
The Supreme Court of New Tork
has decided that Harry Thaw is as
crazy as he used to be, which, accord
ing to the testimony whereby he es
caped conviction for the murder of
Stanford White, Is very crazy indeed.
In accordance with this decision he
will be returned to the Matteawan
asylum for confinement and ' such
treatment as the malady that makes
him dangerous to his fellow-men re
quires. Even his best friend his
mother should find relief in the sane
and safe edict. The opinion rendered
In this case is that the safety' of the
community is more important than
the freedom "of the Individual a
statement sound in equity and ap
proved by common sense.
In Idaho the Democratic party has
abandoned the demagogic war on the
Mormons, which for years has been
the political stock In trade of Fred
Dubois, Senator from Idaho during the
prevalence of the silver craze. Dubois,
played out utterly by the collapse of
that craze, took up his crusade against
the Mormons of Idaho, as a last ex
pedient. He held the Democratic
party to it for a time; but that "great
Issue" has now in its turn gone to
the rubbish heap, and the party aban
dons Dubois, who seems finally to
have piped his last brassy tune.
Circulars against Sheriff Stevens are
being scattered over the city and
county by his political opponents.
Every official must expect this kind of
thing. It remains to be said, however,
that under Sheriff Stevens the business
of the office has been conducted with
efficiency and fidelity; the laws have
been enforced, and the revenues col
lected and accounted for, without
waste or extravagance. It Is easy, al
ways, for political opponents to berate
an official whom they wish to sup
plant, but their hysterics are usually
estimated at their value.
Indecent and unlawful association
and disregard for marital obligations
have again borne fruit in murder and
suicide In this city. The proprietor of
a rooming-house, who must of neces
sity clean up the room wherein such
a climax of ungoverned human pas
sion is reached, is the chief sufferer in
an event of this kind. As for the rest
the children of the parties and the
community are fortunate in that the
end came suddenly and the release
from further apprehension and ex
pense is complete.
When a socialist with a heavy list
toward anarchism talks of the "illib
eral and bigoted ignorance" of the
public that is not In accord with his
views, his indulgent fellow-citizens,
knowing him to be a ranter of the
harmless sort, dismiss him and his
Idiosyncrasies with a smile. Why, in
deed, sheuld they take him seriously
whom they 'have known so long as a
man in whom theory and practice are
at variance?
They have dug up In Pennsylvania
a stone of unknown origin, covered
with hieroglyphs, apparently of great
antiquity, which all the learned men
are trying to decipher. It will proba
bly be found to be that ancient prom
ise of the Republican leaders to revise
the tariff.
Tou are a Republican, or profess to
be; yet you are supporting a fad or
vagary that may compel your repre
sentative in the Legislature to do what
you wouldn't do yourself. "Call you
that doing 'as you would be done by?
In a single block in Chicago the census-taker
finds 217 children under the
age of 2 years. Needless to say this
block is not in any one of the fash
ionable centers of the city. It isn't
far from the stockyards.
There have been many bank fail
ures heretofore in Portland, entailing
great losses: but District Attorney
Manning'is the only public official who
has got back from such failures the
money of depositors. v
Has Emma Goldman come here at
this time because Oregon has lost its
constitution and possesses none of "the
old means of suppressing cranks?
"TOTE NO," URGES BURNETT.
Marlon Magistrate Oppose Bill to In
crease? Justices of Supreme Court.
SALEM. May 25. (To the Editor.)
Since the advent of the inlatlve and
referendum, attempts to amend tile
State Constitution seem to have In
creased in geometrical progression, so
that at every .successive election, we
have thrust upon us a greater number
of such propositions than ever before.
When is the disintegration of constitu
tional government to cease?
Among numerous others there will
be on the .ballot at the coming election
proposition 304-305, commonly known
as a measure to Increase the number
of judges of the Supreme Court. But
as usual, the label does not give one
a full conception of the results that
would follow the adoption of the
measure. It may be that the number
of judges of the Supreme Court ought
to be increased. That view Is no doubt
entertained by many of those who have
been hitherto unable to secure a seat
on the bench of that tribunal; but,
after all, is it a safe policy to adopt
the pending measure with all the con
sequences that will ensue? Will not
the other results be too dear a price
to pay for the questionable Benefit of
having a larger Supreme Court?
Under the Constitution as it is, the
judicial power of the etate is vested
in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts and
County Courts, whose jurisdiction must
be defined, limited and regulated by
law, n accordance with the Constitu
tion. The pending amendment omits
County Courts from the category but
does not directly provide anything in
their place. It is left to the caprice
of the Legislative Assembly -whether
the duties hitherto performed by
County Courts shall be Imposed upon
the Circuit Courts or not.
While at present the Jurisdiction of
all courts is regulated by law, subject to
the Constitution, in the new measure
the words "In accordance with- this
Constitution" are omitted and there
will be no restraint upon the Legisla
ture in the enactment of laws affect
ing the courts. If it shall be deemed
expedient --to reward some defeated
party standard-bearer or to provide
patronage In the interest of some po
litical adventurer, there will be the
tempting opportunity to make room
on the bench under the7 specious plea
of a non-partisan court. The amend
ment provides that the Supreme Court
shall consist of five judges until
otherwise provided by law, hence: The
Legislature may at will increase or
diminish the number of Supreme or
Circuit Judges. The stability of the
judicial fabrics Is threatened. The re
sult will be to make the courts an
asset in political bargaining. Instead
of preserving the Independence of the
Legislative, Executive and Judicial De
partments of the Government, as de
signed by article III of the Constitu
tion, the Judicial Department will be
absolutely subservient to the other
two!
When this measure was before the
Legislative Assembly, the design was
supposed to be the installation In Ore
gon of something like the judicial sys
tems of California and Washington.
There are arguments both for and
against them; but the amendment goes
only part way toward that result. It
makes it possible, but leaves the com
pletion of the work to the whim of
the Legislature. It will be difficult
for that body to turn out of office all
the county judges and county commis
sioners in the state and Impose their
duties on other officials. It has been
exceedingly rare In the history of the
Btate that, the Legislative1 Assembly has
abolished an office. When It has hap
pened, the office has usually returned
in a more virulent form. The result
of giving the Legislature complete con
trol of the courts, as this amendment
does, will be great confusion in a very
important branch of the government
which hitherto has been remarkably
free from political entanglements.
Again: Only two years ago the peo
ple adopted an amendment to the
Constitution forbidding the Legislative
Assembly to enact, amend or repeal
any charter or act of incorporation for
any municipality, city or town and
lodging that power In the legal voters
of the . cities and towns exclusively.
The pending amendment goes a long
way to annul the amendment of 1906.
by providing anew, as in the original
Constitution, . that municipal courts
may be created to administer the regu
lations of Incorporated ' towns and
cities. Under sueli provisions there is
no telling how many charter contests
will be foisted upon the Legislature to
Interfere with matters of general im
portance. Some relief for the Sunrima Cnurf
would be had if the multiplication of
circuit courts were stopped. True it
is that speedy trials of both civil and
criminal cases are desirable. The in
formation law is a help to that end
in criminal actions. As to civil cases.
If litigation were more difficult there
would be less of It and people gen
erally would get along quite as well.
Those who throne the courts nrith
their disputes are but a small part of
me population.- me very great ma
jority of citizens go throun-h iif tr.
Its end and never appear In court, yet
uicy pay most oi tne expenses of the
courts. Legislation about th nnrm
should not be wholly in the Interest
of the contentious litigant who will
keep up his fight as long as there is a
court to fight In or a dollar to fight
for. The ordinary peaceable taxpayer
" some consideration as
against the rapid increase of official
places.
There may be at present too much
work for three Judges; but rather than
incur the results that will follow the
adoption of the pending amendment,
so far as the Supreme Court fc
cerned, we had better get along for
a while with the present anomalous
makeshift of deputy judges, alias com-
iinaMoners.
Finally and generallv: Wo n-ru
well and safely if we vote down every
vui'aru amendment to our Constitu
tion until the Supreme Court of the
.-ii neu states nas determined the
validity of the already overworked ini-
imiive ana reierendum system which
has made this confusion possible
GEORGE H. BURNETT.
Negro Mammy Klsaea Senator Frailer.
Washington (D. O.) Herald.
Senator Frazter, of Tennessee, is
regular attendant at the sessions of the
Senate. The Senator has always been a
consistent perrormer In his official life.
When he was elected Governor of the
-state the first time, he made it a rule
to admit every one who called, no mat.
ter what the nature of the visit was a
custom he regretted more than once dur
ing his term. A young negro had been
arrested for stealing a pair of shoes and
been tried and sentenced to Jail. His
mother, an old negro mammy, called on
tne governor ana pleaded for his pardon,
saying her son had not stolen the shoes.
and that he was led astray by an older
Doy. i ne culprit was pardoned. Two dava
after this, the negro mammy again called
on the Governor and making a rush for
him, without warning, she threw her
arms around nis necK. living the sur-
prised Governor an old-fashioned hue.
the happy old woman, with tears In her
eyes, cried: "Bless yer, honey, yer is de
best man on dis earth for pard'ning my
The dignified Governor was embar
rassed, and breaking away from his ad
mirer, he retreated to his private office
amid tne laugnter of his visitors.
Cork I-ea; Keeps Him Afloat.
Philadelphia Record.
William Schrader tried to drown -himself
in the Delaware River at Philadel
phia, but his cork leg kept him afloat
until -a policeman arrived.
HUXTIXG THE MASTODOX.
Recovery of a ' Careaaa Burled for
Ages In the Ire of Siberia.
New Tork Sun.
Few persons will envy the Russian
men of science who have hurried across
Siberia to the frozen ocean in order to
secure, the remains of the mastodon
that was found last year near the
mouth -of the Jana River. The travel
ers were speeded on their way under
the auspices of the St. Petersburg
Academy of Sciences and the Govern
ment Is footing all the bills. But even
money without stint - cannot provide
comfort on such a journey of 3470 miles
from Irkutsk through the wilds where
the dead of Winter still reigns; and it
was to be a day and night journey till
the party should reach the prize, for
reindeer and dog teams were collected
along the route and no cessation of
travel was anticipated till they should
stand beside the animal, still two
thirds buried in the earth that over
whelmed It thousands of years ago.
If the Ttond desires of the travelers
are realized they will have a month's
hard work right on the spot. The body
muse be dug out of the frozen mass
that has conserved it for centuries. If
a bit of the skin or skeleton is missing
the precious particle must be sought
for as carefully as though It were gold.
And then the relics must be divided
Into sledge loads, for no one sledge
could carry even the hide, which will
be cut up so that It may be pieced to
gether without sign of patchwork.
Then the procession will start for
Bulun, hundreds of miles to the west
on the Lena River, over the tundra
snows, which are expected to supply
good sledging till nearly June. The
hard work will then be over, for a
steamer will carry the animal up the
Lena to Irkutsk and wagons will
transfer It to the train for St. Peters
burg. In the frozen clays that have ore-
served these -animals for ages have
also been found the alders, willows
and birches,, with perfect leaves and
even cones, which formed a large part
or tne rood or these great elephants;'
so that we know that in the age of the
mammoth the northern limit of these
trees was at least three degrees of
latitude lurtner north than is now
the case. Our Alaskans are still dig
ging up fragmentary mammoth re
mains on the Pribylof group of Is
lands, on Unalaska of the Aleutian
chain and In some other parts of the
territory, but always in the flat, un
glaclated areas. This localization of
the distribution of these fossils in
Alaska certainly points to the past
land connection of Asia and America,
which a change of level of only 800
feet -might have brought about.
A Cardinal's Wardrobe Costa $1000.
New Tork World.
The pope recently stepped on his beau
tiful white cassock and had to get an
other made, because it was badly torn.
The pope deals with a special firm of
tailors here who do not make anything
but ecclesiastical clothes.
Every month the pope is furnished
with a new cassock, which Is either of
white satin or silk. His tailors, the
Giominl Brothers, have his measure' and
can serve him at a minute's notice. The
cost of a papal white cassock is 150.
Most of the bishops of the world have
their measure at Glomlni's. because of
the difficulty they find in getting rubrical
ecclesiastical cloths in their own coun
tries. About -40 bishops from America
order their clothes In Rome. All they
have to do -is to send an order to the
papal tailors and they will receive their
cassocks and mantles by express. It
costs $S0 to furnish a bishop with
his full wardrobe and In the case of a
cardinal the cost is about $1000. The pa
pal wardrobe is much more costly, as it
comprises a set of silk undergarments
which are not easily obtained. This is
besides the ecclesiastical vestments the
pope wears, which are always furnished
by the church in which he officiates.
Milk Looter Trapped Br n Thread.
New Tork World.
Henry Wolf, who says he is 23, was
walking serenely along Second avenue
at the breakfast hour with a secret Joy
In his heart and a secret (as he supposed)
bottle of milk in the tail pocket of his
morning coat, when Policeman Nelson
tapped him on the shoulder.
"I want you, my man."
Wolf surveyed the officer's brass but
tons and natty 'blue.
"You're stringing me.'"
"No," replied Nelson; "but Mr. Kantro
witz has been. I am but his humble In
strument." Wolf looked at Kantrowitz, who stood
smiling, holding in his hand a spool ,of
shoemaker's thread. Thread was un
wound from the spool and led in a thick
black trail along the sidewalk to the re
cess of Wolf's pocket, where the milk
was. The eye of Kantrowitz was bright
with the pride that only successful In
ventors know. Wolf's cheek paled. Later
In the Harlem court, wolf hung his head
while the magistrate imposed a fine of
Married In "House of Seven Gable's."
Boston Post. .
Tnthe famous house of seven gables at
the foot of Turner street, Salem, where
old Hepzibah kept her old-time shop of
sweets, and in the very room where Haw
thorne and his friend Horace Ingcrsoll
were wont to while the leisure hours away
the wedding has just taken "place of
Edward vj. Macllroy, of Dorchester and
Miss Helen B. Arey, daughter of Mrs.
Sarah M. Arey and grand-daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Henry O. Upton, of Salem.
The ceremony came as. a climax to a
pretty romance. The young couple first
met two Summers ago while both were
spending the Summer at the same hotel In
East Newflelds, Me. .
Ever since she was a child Miss Arey
has romped and played about the wide
beamed curious old rooms of the famous
house immortalized by Hawthorne, and
so it seemed but fitting that she should
become a bride there.
England's Most Daring Motorist.
London Letter. ,
Lord Vernon. whose mother is a
daughter of F. C. Lawrence, of New
York, has earned for himself the reputa
tion of being the most reckless young
motorist in England. He is only a lad
of 19, but he has been fined so often for
exceeding the speed limit and driving
to the public danger and had so many
hair-breadth escapes In his cars, that his
own trustees have succeeded in having
his motoring license cancelled. The
young man in the future is absolutely
prohibited from driving.
Sudbury Hall, Lord Vernon's seat in
Derbyshire, Is a picturesque red brick
house, which was built by Lady Alice
Vernon in the reign of James I, and was
for several years the country residence
of Queen Adelaide, the widow of Wil
liam IV.
English Village's Income From Golf.
London Standard.
The village of Brancaster has made an
arrangement with the Royal West Nor
folk Golf Club, under which It receives 4
per cent on the club's gross income, with
a guarantee of not less than 50 in any
year, for the use of the land which has
been converted into links. Each year the
money is distributed equally among
householders of not less than 12
months' residence. This year's distribu
tion . has just been made, and the club
paid over 63 16s, an increase of
8 12s upon last year's contribution. The
amount sufficed to give every householder
In Brancaster fis and leave a balance In
hand.
Note la Due After Donor's Death.
Des Moines (la.) Dispatch,
p. M. Hubbell, said to be the wealthi
est man in Iowa, has signed a note for
$20,000 in favor of the Iowa Home for the
Aged, payable "10 days after my death."
Hubhell at the age of 70 is In excellent
health.
Initiative and Referendum
Measures
Pnr th Information of voters thara will
be published on this page from day to day
brier summaries of the lnitltative and ref
erendum measures to bo submitted to the
people at th' June election, together with
a short atatement of the arguments for and
against each.
NUMBER IS.
Indictments by Grand Juries.
For the purpose of depriving district
attorneys of the power to file Informa
tions which have the same effect as in
dictments, a constitutional amendment
has been proposed under the initiative
and it will be voted upon by the peo
ple at the election next Monday. The
amendment applies to Section 18 of Ar
ticle 7 of the state constitution, which
at present provides for grand juries
but authorizes the Legislature to modi
fy or abolish grand juries. Under that
section the Legislature passed' an act
which authorized district attorneys to
file Informations and also provided that
grand juries should be called only upon
the order of the circuit court. For sev
eral years It has been the practice to
file informations instead of calling
grand Juries to find indictments. The
proposed amendment provides: "No
person shall be charged in any circuit
court with the commission of any crime
or misdemeanor defined or made pun
ishable by any of the laws of the state,
except upon Indictment found by a
grand jury. Provided, however, that
any district attorney may tile an
amended indictment whenever an in
dictment has, by ruling of the court,
been held defective In form. This
amendment was proposed by Charles H.
Carey, W. S. U'Ren. C. S. Jackson, J. N.
Teal, C. E. S. Wood, John Bain, L. A.
McNary, Ben Belling, Emanuel Slchel
and H. J. Parkinson, the latter, it is
understood, being the moving spirit in
proposing the measure.
The argument in behalf of the amend
ment is that the present system places
too much power in tne hands of the dis
trict attorney. "Under the present law
any district attorney can file an in
formation against any man for any
crime, from murder down. The accused
is not entitled of right to any prelimi
nary hearing and the first he knows of
the matter may be his arrest. He may
never be tried at all, the information
or indictment may be dismissed, and
yet his record is blackened. It may be
be that It Is not Intended from the start
that he ever should be tried, but the In
formation is Issued to serve some pol
itical purpose, private revenge or the
scheme of a ring hostile to the victim."
The advocates of the amendment do not
say that the power of the district attor
ney has ever been misused in the. man
ner indicated.
Against this amendment, and in favor
of a continuance of the present consti
tutional provisions, it is argued that to
wait for the convening of a grand jury
involves delay; that if a district attor
ney is disposed to use his power for
evil purposes he can do so by exercis
ing his Influence with a grand jury
and thereby accomplish his purpose
without shouldering the responsibility:
that the objection to the present system
can be met by merely requiring that a
grand Jury shall be called at least once
a year; that If district attorneys should
misuse their power as It Is asserted
they might do, they would themselves
be subject to indictment for malfea
sance In office; that no court would
countenance such exercise of power and
no dlstrist attorney would dare to do
what the friends of this amendment say
he might do. The element of expense
is also a minor consideration in opposi
tion to the proposed amendment
Students Live on L23 a Week.
Kansas City Journal.
The problem of how to live on $1.23 a
week and still keep in fine physical con
dition Is being solved by an economy diet
club at the International Young Men's
Christian Association training school in
Springfield, Mass. The club was or
ganized at the suggestion of Harry O
McGulre, of Toronto, Canada, and has
been In existence nearly three months.
The students In Mr. McGuire's club have
certainly reduced eating and cooking to a
science. A room over the gymnasium is
rented by them for $1 a week. The
gas for cooking costs from 25 to B0 cents
a week, and this leaves only $1 a week
from each student for food. In other
words, 21 meals are furnished for $1
less than 5 cents a meal. The heaviest
expense each week is for butter and lard,
with meat a close second. Six or seven
pounds of meat are purchased weekly,
an most of It is used In stews, as they
are found to be most nourishing. Corn
meal mush and cornmeal fried can al
ways be relied upon, and rice is cooked
In every form. Puddings are generally
eaten for dessert, and' these are of rice,
bread or custard. 1
Kaiser Alters f'nt of His Mustache.
Toronto Mall and Empire.
The Kaiser has decided to do away with
the familiar, bristling, upward-pointing
effect which has so long given his coun
tenance an aspect of fierceness, and will
henceforth wear his mustache with the
ends long drawn out and with only the
remotest suggestion of perpendicularity.
It is related that while his majesty
recently was lighting a cigarette the
left end of his mustache was singed and
half burnt off. This necessitated the cut
ting off of the Other end to make the
mustache again isymmetrical. The barber,
Horr Haby, who is given the credit In
contemporary German hlstOTy for de
signing the Kaiser's perpendicular mus
tache, became wealthy and famous In
consequence of it Herr Haby placed an
invention upon the market called the
"Kaiser band," to be worn across the
mouth for a certain period each day,
until the mustache became trained to
bristle upward at an angle of 45 degrees,
exactly like the Kaiser's. Millions of
"Kaiser bands' are in daily use in Ger
many and are among the proudest posses
sions of many a budding youth.
Finds Facsimile of Rosetta Stone.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
Two years of patient excavation by M.
Clermont Ganneau on Elephantine Island,
situated in the middle of the Nile, at
Assouan, have brought a rich and un
hoped for-eward In the finding of a fac
simile of the famous Rosetta stone,
which, discovered In 1799 at Rosetta, Is
now preserved in the British museum.
The Rosetta stone contains inscriptions
in three different languages, hierarchic
and cursive Egyptian and uncial Greek.
It Is the basis of the whole method of
deciphering the ancient Egyptian inscrip
tions and hieroglyphics.
The stone now found at Assouan is a
third of the whole block, and it is hoped
that the remaining portion will soon bo
discovered.
Kaiser Wastes IT la' Modern Greek.
Paris Matin:
The KaiBer recently learned some mod
ern Greek in order to talk to the Inhab
itants of Corfu, but when he reached
the Island he found the natives spoke
Italian.
Reflections of Mike Fogarty.
Did you ever notice thim lads who
write a fist like a Chinaman, are al
ways kicking about a bum pent