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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 1, 1907)
THE 3IOR5IXG OKEGrO"lAX, WEDXESDAT, MAY 1, 1907. 3 GOMMUNITY LIFE HAS OFTEN FAILED Numerous Attempts to Realize . Ideals Have Ended in Disaster. BROOK FARM IS FAMOUS Great Gathering of Intellectual Lights Led Simple Life Robert Owen's Gigantic Tom Hnghes' American Rugby. Sf FREDERIC J. HASK1N. WASHINGTON". April 26. (Special Cor respondence.) For many centuries there have been a few followers of the altruis tic Idea that work dene by people living in a community is more beneficial to humanity than work done by the Indi vidual for his sole interest. Each decade has found pome man eairer to demon strate this theory and has brousrht men and women eaper to follow him. Failures have been far more numerous than suc cesses. At Jamestown in 1W7 and at Plymouth In 1630 the plan of having ail earnings placed in a common stock was tried without success. The Labadist com munity of Protestant mystics. 100 strong, settled on 4000 acres in Northern Mary land In 16S0, and the "Community of the Women of the Wilderness" was estab lished on the Wissahickon River in Penn sylvania in 1694. Both soon became things or the past. Religious bodies and non religious bodies followed on the heels of these, but after a wavering glimmering flicker, these little lights of endeavor sooner or later failed. Charles Fourier, the famous Socialist of France, was responsible for many community settlements in the l!Hh cen tury. He believed in common holdings with a small division of profits. In his opinion the net earnings of the commun ity should be divided Into 12 parts. Five of these parts were to go to labor, four to capital and three to talent. Robert Owen, of Lanark, Scotland, the first man in the world to secure legislation that protected women and children in factory life and established shorter working hours, was another inspiration for com munal colonies. Each had his Ideas rep resented In some part of the wilderness country of the United States. Brook Farm Most Famous. The most notable communist settlement in the United States was probably Brook Farm, because of the high ideals it meant to maintain and because of the brilliant men and women connected with it. In 1?41 a club composed of people who called themselves Transcendentalisms chose a farm nine miles out from Boston, organ ized a stock company to finance It and tinder the leadership of the Reverend George Ripley went-' in for the simple life with a vengeance. They established their ljvcs on the basis of wisdom and purity, justice and love. Poets, preachers, artists, teachers, philosophers and ora tors joined and went to work in the fields side by side with plain farmer folk, as the spirit and law of the colony decreed. They "left the rusty framework of society behind them" and brought great zeal and self-sacrifice to the task. Even if they did hoe up the corn and assiduously culti vate weeds, as has been stated, or turn over the beans and peas that persisted in growing upside down, they were earn est and sincere, and set a good example of brotherliness, helpfulness and high ideals in general. Hawthorne was a member of the colony and one of his tasks was to help feed and milk the cows in the morning. He writes in his "American Note Book" of his experiences, and because one cow was especially independent and tyrannical, he always persisted in affirming she must belong to Miss Margaret Fuller, for whom he had little liking. Charles A. nana.' John B. Dwlght. Albert Brisbane, William Bllerv Channlng. William H. Channing. F.lliabeth Peabody, Margaret Fuller and Burrill Curtis, who so often posed for portraits of the Christ, were members of the colony. That genial phil osopher. Amos Bronson Alcott. father of Louisa M. Alcott. meant to live there, but the life was not yet on a plane as high as lie would have It. and with other kindred spirits he established the short lived community of Fruitlands. where animal food in any form was not tolerat ed, where water was the only beverage and where early rising and cold baths were part of Oie stoical regimen. Source of Many Resources. Brook Farm' did not last very long, bring dissolved In 1S4S, though Horace Greeley, Emerson and Theodore Parker were constantly offering encouragement and inspiration. Their school had be come famous in itsvtime and drew pupils jfrom Manila, Havana, Florida and New England. The instruction for the elder pupils was wide. Lecturers came each Sunday and on week days. Ripley eluci dated Kant and Spinoza on Sunday after noons. Pupils, seated on the grass, read the "Dlvtna Commedia" in the original, and scholars did the work of some of the Illiterate that they might attend classes. Hawthorne wrote his "Blithe- dale Romance" from his experiences there, and other real romances found consummation in 14 marriages that took place among the members. The farm has been absorbed in the ever-widening limits of Boston, and its identity is now lost in that of the Martin Luther Orphans' Home, which occupies the old quarters. Robert Owen's Great Scheme. The next communistic settlement of Im portance, insofar as its ideals and its membership are concerned, was that of New Harmony. Indiana, under the im mediate direction of Robert Owen, of Scotland. The village and the 30.000 acres surrounding it were purchased outright from a religious society that was anxi ous to find another location. Owen paid l.V.00O for the whole. This was in 1S2S and the colony prospered with !fO mem bers engaged in almost every branch of Industry that an independent colony might "require agriculture, manufactur ing, stockralsing and brickmaking. All the. goods, houses and land were held in common and the individual was lost In the eeneral scheme of things. Wducallon was a great factor in the p'.an: the first day-nurseries and schools for little children in the United Slates were there. Eminent men were among the members Robert Dale Owen, whose name Is next only to Smlthson's in the National Museum In Washington: William Maclure. father of American geology: -Thomas Say. the noted entomologist and one of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences: Dr. Troost. who made the finest geological and mineral collection in the world and was sent in 1S10 on a scientific expedition to Jamaica by Lo-Jlo Bonaparte, King of Holland: Charles Le seur, the French naturalist: Professor Jos eph Neef, a student of Pestalozzi and a soldier of Napoleon: Joseph Chapplesmlth. the English artist and engraver: and Frances Wright, the woman who later Tounded in West Tennessee the first indus trial school for negroes in the world. This was to be the great educational center of the United States, and William Maclure contributed $150,000 toward that end. Freedom of speech, freedom of thought were to be encouraged and wom an's rights were an acknowledged thing. But In 1S27, when Owen's interests took him elsewhere, the colony became as a ship without a master and soon was wrecked. A colony in Pennsylvania, one In Indiana, three in New Tork, one in Ten nessee and one in Qhio sprang from this, but soon went Into oblivion. Owen came over again in 1828 to see if the Mexican government would not grant land for oth er communities and in 1S43 called a world's convention in New. Tork to discuss his vast schemes for the social betterment and up-lifting 6: all people. Horace Greeley was the god-father of an interesting colony that flourished for a few years forty miles from New Tork. This was known as the North American Phalanx. It was founded near Mon mouth, N. J in 1S43 and lasted until 1S56, its principles being those advocated by Fourier. The colony was a large one, owning 675 acres of good land with shops, dairies, farms and factories. - It also owned stock in the steamboat and railway lines that ran Into New York. For some reason dissensions arose, the financial af fairs got tangled, though Greeley offered to lend any amount of money necessary. After a few years" experiment the mem bers drew out their shares and went their way. . Cabcfs Texas Colony. In 1S47, Etienne Cabet, a French Social ist and member of a society called the Ica rians, believed he could colonise a million of his people In Texas. That state had Just been admitted to the Union and was offering great inducements to settlers. Through a Chicage real estate company Cabet secured, as he thought, more than a million acres on the Red River In Texas. He chose 63 of his best young men and sent them over In 1848, but they found that they had been cheated In the land. A greater emigration was checked, because three weeks after the first settlers left France became a republic. The second installment of settlers was only 19, instead of 1600, as had been expected. All re turned to New Orleans and. when Cabet came with 400 more in 1849, the colony moved to Nauvoo, 111., where a recent exo dus of Mormons had left many vacant houses and farm land. They Immediately set up shops, opened farms and became prosperous for awhile. Politics soon up set the scheme, however, and it ultimately failed. Thomas Hughes' Rugby. Another Settlement that was under for eign direction was that at Rugby, Tenn., on the Cumberland Plateau. This was engineered by an English company known as the "Board of. Aid to Land Owner ship." The president was none other than the famousi TJiomas Hughes, who gave the world "Tom Brown at Rugby." Many of the members were from Eton. Harrow and 'Wellington, and the plan was to encourage, younger sons of good Eng lish families to settle the beautiful plateau country. An ideal town and community were planned which would have exception al educational, agricultural and manufac turing advantages all in one. English gardens were made, an inn named for the famous "Tabard Inn" of the Canter bury Tales was erected, tennis and crick et clubs organized, good houses built, and the natives electrified many times a day by seeing faultlessly dressed Englishmen go galloping over the hilta where only creaking carts and slow oxen had come before. The townsite was dedicated on October B. 1880, people coming from Bos ton, New York, Philadelphia, Chattanooga and Knoxvllle to hear Dr. Hughes' ad dress. But today Rugby, the hope of the English land company, is merely another light that failed. Tomorrow Wbaf Is Whisky ? GOOD SHIP AGAIN AFLOAT PORTLAND SEAMEXS FR1EXD SOCIETY DEDICATED. President Compares Organization to Staunch Bark Once "Wrecked, but Raised and Repaired. The dedicatory exercises of the Portland Seamen's Friend Society were held last nifiht at 263 Handera street. The opening address was made ty the president, B. Quackenbush. He gave a brief history of the society. The old society, he said, was organized 15 years ago. He likened it to the launching of a ship, and said it had sailed over every part of the world. In the typhoon of 1S93, however.- it was thrown upon the beach of financial disas ter and wrecked. Rev. EL H. Roper, he said, "had come to the rescue, recalked the seams, re stepped the masts and given the ship a fresh coat of. paint,- so that now. It is ready for the car&o and crew. "Wo are here tonight. he continued, "to hoist the sails on the masts." The remainder of the programme was as follows: March, by Clifford1 Orchestra. "Mcawnfter Boy" (Austcad): overture, "Cavallcria Ru&tl- c&na" (Maac&finI); waltz. "EtorneUe Ivcressc" (Gannl; cornet eolo. Mr. Meyers; march, "Lights Out" (Powell); solo, Mrs. B. E. S. Ely; ad drew, tr. J. "Whitcomb BrouRher; olo, "The Mountebank (Watson), Dora Zan; read ing. Mrs. W. S. McGuire; address. Dr. B. E. S. Ely; si! tor song. James Turner; reading. Mm. D. 3. Williams; eoio. H. Clauaeenlua: address. Dr. Clarence True Wilson ; aong, W illiam Hayward; address. Rev. K. H. Roper, chaplain. PAYMENT TO BE RESISTED Property-Owners Will Fight Assess ment (or Irvington Sewer. At a meeting of the Northeastern Im provement Association held in Vernon Presbyterian Church last night. George B. Prank presiding, it was decided to re sist payment of the assessment for the Irvtngton sewer in the courts, and also to fight the mining of gravel in that dis trict. An effort will be made to employ an attorney to carry on the fight against the sewer assessment and the mining of gravel in that precinct. It was announced that Glebisch & Joplin, contractors, were preparing to open a gravel pit in Vernon, and the meeting last night was called to deal with this ques tion. Horace G. Parsons, candidate for Councilman-at-Large. who had been re ported as favoring the reopening of all sections in the city to the mining of gravel, declared that he was opposed to all gravel pits within the citv limits, as they tended to lower the value of prop erty and were a nuisance, ilr. Parsons said further that be favored hard-surface pavement, that the city should do its own repairing, that he believed In municipal ownership of gas and kindred utilities and was opposed to perpetual franchises. Jew Rate on Kerry. VANCOUVER, Wash.. April 30.-(Spe-cial.) Tomorrow morning the rates on the ferryboat operated by the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co., between this city and Portland, will be reduced In pursuance with an order of the Board of County Commissioners of Clarke County. The company says that the or der putting the new rates into effect con fiscates the profits ot the ferry. Deny Padding Army Payrolls. MANILA. April 30. Captain F. C. Cole of the Quartermaster's Department and Chief Clerk F. P. Thornton, who are accused of having padded payrolls pleaded not guilty in the Criminal Court today. "o date was fixed for the trial. VOTING ON STRIKE San Francisco Carmen, Are Considering Demands: WANT $3 DAY FLAT RATE Company Tentatively Suggests SO Cents Hoar for One-Tear Men and 4 0 Cents for Ten Year Service. SAN FRAXCTSCO, May 1. The car men's union met at the Central Theater at 1 o'clock this morning for the pur pose of determining by vote whether a strike should be declared on the United Railroads. It will probably be several hours before a conclusion is reached as a warm contest between the Conservatives and radicals is threatened. . The first test will come on the vote to decide whether the strike ballot shall be secret or open. This will require a majority vote, but the vote to strike will require a two-thirds majority. One of the points about which the fight is expected to wage bitterly is the re ference in the report of the conference committee to President Calhoun's tenta tive suggestion that a compromise might be effected with the carmen's union by the adoption of the Oakland schedule of wages. This scale ranges from 30 cents an hour for one year men to 40 cents for men who have served ten years. There are about 400 who would benefit by the Oakland schedule. An addition to the demand of the men for an eight-hour day and a fiat rate of $3 per day, the union makes some minor demands. It is demanded that the new agreement shall continue in effect one year from May 1. 1907. ' It is also demanded that the present arrangement between the company and its men for the arbitration of differences shall cease. , No mention is made of any new ar rangement to take ita place. It is further demanded that the men be paid once a week instead of every month. Before going into the meeting President Cornelius of the carmen's union said: "We are trying to form peaceful settlement." STRIKE AGAINST OPEX SHOP Denver Millowners Refuse to Change Their Policy- DENVKR, April 30. One thousand millmenand woodworkers will strike to morrow against the system of the open shop, which now prevails here. The men now receive 34 1-2 cents an hour and were granted an Increase to 40 cents, but the employers refused to abandon the open shop. It Is understood that the electrical workers will also go out. There are several hundred electrical workers in the city. Overtures Come Too Late. SAN FRANCISCO. April 30. Seven thousand men affiliated with the Iron Trades Council will go out on strike In the morning. Of this number 4000 are lo cated in San Francisco, others around San Francisco Bay. The California Metal Trades Assocation, composed of employers, has requested the submission of the entire matter to arbitration. The question will be discussed at a meeting tomorrow afternoon, the overtures for arbitration having come too late to stop the strike. TO SEEK STOCK THIEVES Officials Will Investigate Camas ' Prairie Raids. PENDLETON, Or., April 30. (Spe cial.) District Attorney Phelps an nounced today that as soon as this term of court Is adjourned he and Sheriff Taylor will take a trip to the Camas Prairie country In the south ern part of this county, for the pur pose of investigating; reports of whole sale horse stealing. He says that the ranchers there are not much afraid of bodily harm at the hands of the rust lers, as they are of having their barns burned and the stock shot. It seems he had been informed of the conditions of affairs there, but that no complaints had been made to him and that he had not time to investigate fully. FREEDOM LASTS TWO WEEKS Then Mike Logan Is Returned to - Penitentiary. SALEM. Or., April 30. (Special.) In consequence of having violated his parole pledge to Governor Chamberlain in that he threatened to kill Tom Fitch, manager of the Klinger Grand Theater in a local saloon and while under the influence of liquor last night. Mike Logan, who was committed to the penitentiary to serve an indeterminate sentence of from one to seven j-ears for larceny In a store, from Multnomah County, under the name of Jesse Tannehill, was arrested this morn ing and remanded to prison this after noon to serve out the balance of bis term, which in all probability will be the maxi mum period. Logan was committed December 14, 1906, and upon promise of good behavior in future, was paroled by Governor Cham berlain April 15. KILLED BY BOILER EXPLOSION W atchman Dead and Others Miracu lously Escape at Raymond. RAYMOND, Wash., April 30. (Spe cial.) The boilers In the Raymond Shingle Company's mill of this city blew up at 5:30 o'clock this morning, completely demolishing the boiler and engine room and killing George Fran zen, the night watchman. A large sec tion of one of the pollers, weighing eight tons, was blown 400 feet away upon the hillside. Heavy pieces of Iron and other debris were hurled through the. air and many persons residing; In death. The night watchman's head was nearly severed from his body. He was about 20 years old and his relatives reside in Tacoma. The damage to the plant, which amounts to about $10,000 is covered by Insurance. POSTOFFICE BURNS TO GROOD Daughter of Postmaster Injured in Fire at Harlcm- FHILOMATH. Or., April 30. (Spe cial.) The postoffice and the residence of Pos-naster Jess Mo wry at Harlem, 20 ro', --s west of here on the Big Elk Riva." caught fire from a defective flue Sunday about midnight, and burned to the ground. A daughter of Mr. Mowry was badly burned on ' one hand and arm. The fu- had sained such headway when discovered that the family had. barely time to escape, leaving house hold effects and a large quantity of mail to the mercy of the flames. The Postmaster, who has a large family and had an attractive home, was com pelled to camp in the woods. IKJCRED TRYING TO SAVE TOY Woman Struck by Freight Train at Sharon Park. SPOKANB. Wash.. April 30. (Special. ) In an attempt to rescue a toy wagon that was about to be run down by a Spokane & Inland freight train. Mrs. Kate Hoff man, wife of a wealthy rancher, was run down- and sustained probably fatal in juries. The accident occurred at Sharon Park, 20 miles east ot Spokane. Mrs. Hoffman's infant son had been playing on the track with his wagon, when the electric freight engine, drawing a long string of cars, bore down upon it. The boy rushed to hia mother, crying that his wagon was about to be crushed, which inspired the- woman's reckless ef fort at rescue. HIGHER RATE ON STATE CASH Idaho Will Hereafter Charge Banks 3 1-2 Per Cent. BOISE. Idaho. April 30. (Special.) The State Depository Board today fixed the rate of interest on state money on de posit in banks at S$ per cent. This is an increase of 1 per cent over the rate that has prevailed. The rate applies on daily balances. Treasurer Hastings says ha now has about $500,000 on deposit. The amount will be decreased somewhat, but he estimates that the annual income to the state will be between 115,000 and $16,000. Brought to Oregon City for Burial. OREGON CITV. Or.. April 30. (Spe cial.) The body of the late Earl Hoss, who died In Salem, was brought here this morning for interment. He was aged 19 years, 8 months and 18 days, and his death was due to tuberculosis. His parents. Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Hoss, moved to Salem twe years ago. CASH PRIZES FOR ESSAYS Municipal Association Invites Com position on "Good Citizenship." The Portland Municip 1 Association, for the purpose of stimulating interest in civic affairs, and especially in the duties of citizenship, has offered three prizes for the three best original essays on the subject of "Good Citizenship in Relation to Municipal Affairs." These prizes will be $20.00. $15.00 and $10.00 respectively, and the terms of competition will be as fol lows: First The competition will be open to any young man from 18 to 26 years of age, residing in Multnomah County. Second Essays must be written on le gal cap paper one one side only, and must not exceed 1000 words. Third The name of the writer must not appear on the paper, but must be written on a separate slip with his age and address, and enclosed with the essay addressed to John Bain, - Secretary, 224 Stark street. Fourth The essays will be examined and -the prizes awarded by a committee consisting of three competent and im partial Judges to be selected by the executive board of the association. Fifth All essays must be in the hands of the secretary not later than May 20. SHOW BIG I N G R EASE Bank Clearings for April Reach Total of $32,110,628. INDICATE CITY'S GROWTH Gain Over Same Month of 1906 71.1 Per Cent Places Portland , in a Class of Its Own. ' Bank clearings for April show the re markable Increase of 75.4 per cent over April, 1906. The figures are surprising, even to those who realize the wonderful prosperity of this section of the country. This showing will doubtless place Port land in a class by herself among cities of the larger rank In the United States, for it may be doubted there is any other municipality where such a splendid showing has been made. Portland's clearings for the month end ing yesterday totaled $32,110,628.5. Dur ing the corresponding month of last year, the total was J19,4G6,289.11. Tho increase Is $12,705,339.46. The showing made is the most striking Increase shown during the past year, and Is a strong commentary on the rapid progress this city and state are making. The huge total for the year speaks more effectively than any other statistics on conditions here. As the April total rep resents only the actual cash transactions passing through the Portland clearing house, it will be seen what wonderful advances along all lines are being made. The clearings for yesterday are a fair sample of how the whole month has been piling up prosperity figures. The total for yesterday's transactions passing through the clearing-hourse banks was $1,331,718.35. while for the corresponding day last year the figure was $000,672.36. Large and satisfactory as they were, the April figures were exceeded by the March clearings, which were $32,927,609.43. However, the rate of increase over the figures for the corresponding month of last year is greater for April. These two months are far and awny the highest to tals ever shown by the clearing-house Association in the city's history, and the strong showing proves that the city and state are entering on a new era of pros perity which promises to make constant ly greater records as the months pass. It is hard to point out any particular factors which contributed to April's large total as compared with last April, so general is the prevailing prosperity in all lines. .If any one thing can be said to have aided more than a.ny other, it is probably duo to the real estate activity. New additions have been selling- off rapidly during the month, while the older portions of the city have been actively sought after by Investors. However, all the sources of Portland's prosperity have played their part in running up the large total. Spring bus iness in all lines is excellent, and is con stantly growing better. New people and increased capital are coming in rapidly, and every indication is for a continuation of the prevailing prosperity. The Leading Business College Elks' Bldg. Portland 7th and Stark Oregon Your Future Business- Success Depends on Your Present Business Forethought Unless you practically prepare' to achieve success the day will come when you will wonder why others are more prosperous than you ; I why you pay car fare while they go about in automobiles; why you work eight and ten hours a day while they work four and five. And you will bitterly conclude that it isn't a fair proposition. The Fault Will Be All Your Own BEIINKE-WALKER BUSINESS COLLEGE is conducted and maintained expressly for the purpose of practically preparing men and women for success in business. So well recognized are we as the -school that more than makes good all its claims, that hundreds of the larjrest business firms in the Northwest regularly come tons to supply them competent help. 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