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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 11, 1905)
12 THE MORNIXG OREGOXIA3T, MONDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1905. PHASES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OREGON nnvmn kisiuuth n . n uuiiiiu ivLniiinni GIT TIMBER McCloud River Railroad la Ac quiring Acreage on the Upper Lake. OWNS DESCHUTES TIMBER Purchases Leave No Doubt of Intcn Mon of Company to Build Road Tfirotiph to Klamath Falls During Next Year. KLAMATH FAJXS. Of.. Dec 10. Special.) That the McCloud River Railroad is coming directly through Klamath County is no longer a matter of conjecture. S. O. Johnson, manager or the McCloud Railroad, recently closed a ileal whereby the company become the owners of 30,000 acres of the heaviest yellow and sugar pine forests In Klamath County. This lies on Aspen Lake, northwest of Klamath Falls, and only a few miles north of Vpper Klamath Lake. This timber belt is known as the Dorr tract and was recently purchased by the DcLong, Chamberlain Company, of Minnesota. Beside the Dorr tract, which incluJes 3 4 sections, 1500 acres belonging to C. If. Wlthrow, of this city, is Included In the recent purchase. T.iis purchase is said to involve over S1OM00, and Is believed to be only the beginning of a scries of large Umber deals, which is to soon be closed by the McCloud Rivor Railroad Company. Cruisers have been working in the vi cinity of Aspen Lake the en tiro Sum mer and as the recent purchase docs not nearly cover the entire amount of line pine timber land surrounding the lake it is rumored here that other large deals will bo closed. The present purchase only covers the timber lying Immediately adjoining the east side of the lake and the whole territory on the west side is heavily timbered and 7ias been cruised by the company's cruisers. Tils section can be economically logged to the lake and cither manu factured on Upper Klamath Lake, the nearest navigable water outlet, or somewhore on the lower lake or Kla math River from where the McCloud Railroad will transport it to the out side markets. On the west side of Aspen Lake the timber land is known as the Rider & Humakcr tract, which covers an area of over 15.000 acres, and is owned by The Ashland Lumber Company, of Ash land, Wis. In addition to having purchased the large tracts mentioned it is stated on good authority that the McCloud peo ple have contracted the entire body of timber lying around Aspen Lake and will close the deals for the purchase as rapidly as convenient. Tills will mean the investment of over $1,000,000 and will give the McCloud company control of one of the largest arid finest timber belts to be found in the North west. It is also one of the easiest anJ most economical logging chances in the whole country as it lies bordering On and with only a slight slope to get the timber to the waters of the lake where there are many excellent saw mill sites and where the lumber could be manufactured and transported on barges to any point touched by a railroad. Heretofore It has been announced that the McCloud Railroad only Intend ed coming to Laird's Landing, and from there peek an easy grade through the south end of the Klamath Valley to tne Lost River gap. from where It would make a direct line to the head of the Deschutes River, where the company owns more than 80.000 acres of fine timber, and leave Klamath Falls entirely out of the line of Its route. But this latest move would indicate that the Intention of the company is to build directly through Klamath Falls or very close to the city. When the read reaches Laird, early next year, as it promises to do, it could make a slight curve to the northwest crossing the Klamath River m the vicinity ot Keno and running up the northwest side of the river or across country to tap the Aspen Lake belt, but this is not thought to be the most feasible route. The intention has been announced to build to the head of the Deschutes River and if this Is done several miles of roadbed would be saved by the company by building the main line to near the Lost River gap and thence to Klamath Falls, instead of branching 25 or 3o miles below and HAH VESTING GRAIN WATER RIGHTS IX LITIGATION Some Problems Which Courts Are Jtcqulrcd to Adjudicate. 1 It ha long been foreseen that It would take more than one appeal to courts to settle questions arising from two sides first, when more water was claimed than the stream could furnish, and. second, when riparian rights, aris ing from vested ownership of lands below the point of diversion of water, were affected by the dlmunltlon of the supply of water in the natural bed of the stream. Two Important suits on the former head have been pending in Umatilla County for some time. A third suit is referred to in the following extract from the Milton Eagle: "Another water suit involving a large number of users of water from the Walla Walla Rlr lower down th stream and not included In the two former suits brought in thlsV county, was filed In the Superior Court at Walla Walla Saturday by Rader & King, attorneys for the plaintiffs. The suit Is brought against the Walla Walla Irrigation Company. This com pany I the owner of the "Burllngam Ditch." being a large canal constructed s. few years ago tapping the Walla Walla River, and furnishing several thousand Inches of water to various farmers In both the States of Oregon and Washington, Including what Is known as the "Gardena Settlement "This promises to be very Interesting litigation on account of the many in terests involved, as well as thri, value of property depending on th result of the contcist, as the Burlingame Ditch alone Is claimed to have cost in its construction more than $100,003: and the Ixnvden Company, ono of the plain tiffs, owns at least 5000 acres of land on the river. The second class of questions re ferred to will come up for settlement in controversy with the Deschutes Ir rigation & Power Company. Therein claim is made that the diversion of water for Irrigation purposes above, In stead of below, the town of Bend will seriously affect rights of timber-owners to deliver logs down the natural bed of the stream, with unobstructed and abundant water to the mills below. Citizens of the growing city also assert that the supply of water in the natural river bed through the town Is liable to be diminished to an extent Inconsistent with maintenance of healthy and en joyable conditions. Naturally facts will have to be as certained before questions of law come to be Jealt with. In the terms of the contracts under which the Irrigation company obtained its rights the pub lic is not Interested, and will not bo until questions affecting the water rights of riparian owners In face of diversion of water for irrigation and power purposes arc ripe for decision. INCREASING SA1YMkr.Ii PLANTS New Industries Established and Old Mills Enlarged. Southern and Eastern Oregon are not monopolizing the movement to still farther extend and develop the lumber production of the state. The year 1904 was credited "with an out put of 1.000.000.000 feet. It looks .as if 1905 were to exceed, and 1906 to throw that production Into the shade. The following Item relates to an en terprise which has been pushed along with very little noise, but s trow Hear ing Its full-blown proportions: "The Carlton Lumber Company's new mill and extensive plant, representing an outlay of over $1,000,000. will be In full operation by April, 190C. With the natural advantages Carlton already en Joys through Its position among the foothills of the Coast mountains and the other improvements now being made, it expects soon to be numbered among the leading scenic and Indus trial towns of the Willamette Valley. The county scat of Polk County is also pushing to the front. We clip from the Reporter the following: "Th,ough situated in the midst of a splendid fruit-raising and hop-growing territory, Dallas promises to be come a great lumber center as well. In addition to the Cone Mill, now be ing built, and the Nap Mill, which will be remodeled, three more propositions are now before the business Interests of the city for consideration. Plans for remodeling the Nap Mill are com pleted. The mill will be rebuilt sev eral hundred feet west of the present location, and enlarged, to a 50.000-foot plant. A pond will be excavated be tween the "Y" tracks of the Falls City Railroad and will be fed with water from the same source as the Cone Mill. The Cone Pond Is completed, and the superstructure of the mill under cover. The sawing frames and carri age trucks are being put In place and everything indicates the early comple tion of the plant." The thriving town of Sheridan, Yam hill County, is not intending to be left behind. The citizens are helping them selves by helping their city. Local manufactures are the great and ef fective lever of progress. "The citizens of Sheridan have raised $2600 with which to purchase right of way for a flume to be constructed and used by a mill company," says the Telephone Register. "The company proposes putting In a sawmill in the mountains, and trans porting the product by means of a. flume, to Sheridan, where a planlngmill and box factory will be erected." IX THE WILLAMETTE VALUET TOR - "1 fBtei isiiMks" - :siBssprV w- i lisisis5!w! i l'lXJCK or OREGON YEAR HAS BROUGHT BOUNTIFUL YIELDS OF GRAIN. Good Prices Coupled With Other Favorable Conditions Prevail In Eastern Washington. GARFIELD, Waslu. Dec Id Special.) This has boon a great and prosperous year for the Inland Empire farmers. The Fall of 1904 brought Joy to the farmer's heart In the form of high prices for their grain and fruit, and it also brought prom ise of a splehdid year In 1K& The Fall of lf04 was an ideal one for plowing and seeding, and a larger acreage of Summer fallowed land was planted to wheat last Fall than at any time In the country's history. In l?0S:the weather was Ideal "for a big wheat crop up to .July. Jul) and August were dry. hot months, and the yield of Spring-sown grain was cut down at least one-third. The Fall-sown wheat was too far advanced to be damaged by the hot wave. and. therefore, made a yield of from 25 to 50 bushels per acre. In the past five years thousands of acres of land have been purchased on the time payment plan, and It Is said that more of these payments have ben made this sea son than at any time In the history of the country. Wheat-raising is more profitable here than in any other part of the United States. This Is because of the large aver age yield per acre as compared to the East, and the low cost of raising and handling the crop. Throughout Idaho and the Palouse country the crops frequently average higher than 40 bushels per acre The cheapest wheat. In point of cost, produced In the Inland Northwest Is in the Big Bend country and In Eastern Ore gon. Conservative wheatgrowers In the Big Bend have figured that It costs but 23 cents per bushel ta raise wheat la that district, providing the work Is conducted on modern methods. The combined har vesters do the work of scores of men. and the low cost of wheat-raising always leaves a wide margin of profit to apply on the value of the land. The crops In East ern Oregon average about the same as In the Big Bend country, from 0 to 30 bush els per acre, and the work of harvesting Is done by the most modern and most economical farming methods, thereby leaving a big profit to the grower. . The Palouse country extends southward from Spokane to the Snake River, and laps over Into Idaho. It comprises nearly all of Whitman County. Washington, and the greater part of Latah Count'. Idaho. The Palouse Is a much older settled coun try than other parts of the Inland Empire, and the farmers of this -cctloa are in a more flourishing condition. Since the year 1900 nearly all the Palouse country farms have been free from Incumbrance, and the added wealth from the Immense crops at fair prices has made this section one of the most opulent agricultural districts In the world. Prior to 16?7. the farmers throughout the Palouse country were heavily mort gaged. The country had been settled with poor men; they came here with nothing. FORAGE rtTRTOSES RANGE SIIEKL' - and were obliged to mortgage their lands o get a start. Tney rrcqucntiy purchased goods from the merchants on a year's time, and were charged exceedingly high prices. When the crop was harvested it was turned over to the merchant, who would take his pay for the store bill, and the remainder. If any, would be applied on the mortgage. This was the condition In which the panic of found the Palouse farmer. In that year the biggest wheat crop known In the history of the country was raised, but the early Fall rains ruined the crop, and the farmers saved only feed and seed. At this time things looked blue, not only to the farmers, but others as well. The merchants were unable to collect from the farmers, and as the wholesale houses were crowding them, at least two thirds of the merchants were obliged to make assignments. Times were hard in the Palouse country for several years after the panic. Wheat crops were raised even year until 1537, but up to that time the price of wheat remained low. and the farmers had a hard time to make both ends meet. But they had learned a lesson. They no longer ran big store bills, but paid for their gro ceries with' eggs and butter, and what they had left after paying for harvesting their crops they paid out to the mortgage companies on the Interest account. But the year U37 brought Joy to the farmers' hearts in the form of big crops and excel lent prices. The wheal crop of 1SS7 was one of the largest ever raised here, and wheat sold as high as 73 and SO cents per busheL Mortgages were lifted right and left. The farmers had begun to sec day light. Thej took courage, and since that year the big crops, with big prices, and the great demand for hogs and cattle, with fair prices, have mad? them Inde pendent. Today they have beautiful homes, fine farm buildings and plenty of money in the banks. They have become Independent In a few short years. The shack house and barn has given way to most- excellent, modern farm buildings. No section of this great Inland Empire is today making greater strides, a more rapid growth or more permanent Improve ments than the Palouse country- The fanners who started In here but a few years ago are. apparently, on the highway to wealth. Many of their beautiful farm homes are adorned with most elegant mansions, whose architecture displays beauty and taste, and as the traveler drives through the rural districts he notes with Interest the fine gardens and spa clous school buildings and churches, and not the least of the pleasant sounds that greet his ear Is the bell that calls the chil dren to learning's association, and the shrill whistle or the locomotive, which tell him that, while business is brisk, an universal regard Is paid to educational affairs. Ideal Winter Season. The Madras Pioneer says: The farmers of this section have been en Joying an Ideal Fall, and one that gives a roost promising outlook for the next crop, provided the Winter season fa accompanied by sufficient rain and snow so that moisture may be stored up for the long, dry Summer season. The Fall has been Ideal, because the days have been bright and clear and the ground In fine condition for plow ing, and the farmers have had ample opportunity to do a great deal of Fall plowing. 3Iacaroni or Durum Wheat. The growing demand for this wheat for export, as well as for local trade, should suggest immediate Increase of seeding It on the dry or semi-arid lands of Eastern Oregon. It has passed far beyond the experimental stage. It IJi easily grown, prolific, and. In this state, of excellent quality. The crop of last year was given by the Department of Ag riculture at 25.000.000 bushels, and was slated to be the equal for macaroni purposes of any grown abroad. FALLS SEVENTY-FIVE FEET Carl Oliver. Painter, Misses Hold and Drops From Chimney Top. While at work on the smokestack of the Eastern & Western Lumber Com panlys mill, at the foot o.f Twenty-first street, yesterday at 11:30 A. M.. Cary Oliver, a painter living at 53 East Eighth street, lost his hold and fell to the ground. He was picked up uncon scious and sent to the Good Samaritan Hospital, where little hopes are enter tained for his recovery. He continued In a comatose state all day yesterday. The chief Injuries were to his bead, and considering the fact that he fell a, distance of 75 feet. It Is considered, remarkable that he survived the accident. His skull was fractured and It Is thought likely the man will die with oat regaining conscious, ness. Oliver has lived In Portland for sev eral years and Is quite well known here. He was a member of both the Elks and Uodern Woodmen. He was X years old and unmarried, llvlsg with his mother, Mrs. Ella Oliver. The accident was witnessed by fellow workmen aad Je victim was immediately takes to tie aosBltel fee trwfwt. ' NEW TROLLEY LINES Electric Railways Projected Throughout State. USE LATENT WATER POWER Various Enterprises That Promise Beneficent- Influences in Com plete Development of Por tions of Commonwealth. The air Is full of new eleetrlc railway projects. Hardly a day passes without reports of fresh registrations In the Sec retary of State's office at Salem. Some have a recognlzM territory to serve, in dustries to develop, substantial people be hind them, financial resources to build them others?- One which promises well is the road to the Union Valley, connecting Union. Ia Grande. Cove. Hot Lake. Elgin, and Summervllle. with an extension North wards into th Summervllle timber sec tion. The capitalists behind It are stated to be mainly residents of New Haveun. Conn. Only thos familiar with the rich resources of the Grand Ronde Valley, and Its neighboring territory can form a true estimate of the traffic to be developed. Early construction is promised. This Is the first enterprise of the kind in Oregon developing th resources of a fertll district where freight will be by far the largest contributor to Its profits, and hav ing no large urban population to draw on. nor suburban residential town sites to foster. It will be built in reliance on what grain, fruit, timber, butter, eggs, poultry, can be produced, and be carried for the comparatively short mileage the line offers. Such a line Is a direct stiniu lous to Intensive farming on small acre ages. Bringing transportation to the farm gate, the electric road, one the-one hand, diminishes the cost of production to the farmer, and on the other hand removes that muddy road hither, with the perils to body and roul of which much has lately been heard. By one of the paradoxes of modern llf the farmer's boys and girls will stay on the farm because the means of quickly and easily getting away from the farm are at the door. The man himself will stop at home and work because he can get away two or three times a day If be wishes. Bob and Billy will be in the field to plow and cultivate, instead ot wasting their strength on the mire and chuck holes between farm and town. Wagon roads will stay mended, since the winter hauling will be gone for good and alL All of which blessings, and graded schools for the children to boot, hang on the success of the electric road. And the electric road rests' first on the fertility of Oregon soil, the dependlblllty of the Oregon climate, and the water powers which most of us. hitherto, have chiefly sought for an occasional mess of trout. Some one suggests: "But how about heavy freights strings of lumber cars, train loads of cattle, and the rest?" Let us keep up a little with the times, and learn what the modern electric motor can do. Another live electric railroad company is that organized by the Willamette Val ley Traction Company. to construct and operate a double-track railroad from Portland south to a crossing place of the Willamette River, some 2ft miles, thence on the east side of the river to Salem, and on south to Roseburg. as an ultimate proposition If funds come In and "Juice" goes out. This Is obviously an inter urban project, Portland, with its 120,000 people at one end. and the valley towns with their CCCO to IS.CC0 people, as stopping places. Of course the Willamette Valley lends itself to the process of intensive farming and small farms, -and offers opportunities of the order which are too well known to repeat. But the last Is a competitive line, whose traffic will be shared with existing roads, and with all others which are bound to reach Portland by way of the valley. So the comparison with the Union County road will not be so unequal as first sight might suggest. There is no reason that we know of why both should not succeed, and be procursors of others opening out and serving Oregon in many other directions. Closely allied with electric roads is the enterprise of the Willamette Valley Com pany, under the same auspices as the Traction Company referred to. This cor poration has already taken in all the local undertakings of value In the valley towns, except those In municipal owner, ship, for supplying power and light, and for such street-car lines as are likely to prove profitable. They have been busy In obtaining as long term franchises as the several cities were willing to grant. They have also acquired several water rights on rivers tributary to the Will amette, by which they control many hundred horse power. Thus there Is be ing fitted together a machine which will reach both the social and industrial life of the people of Western Oregon on many sides. Remembering that the revenue of electrical power In our rivers and creeks and waterfalls must be the life force of every Infant Industry. It Is sincerely to be hoped that advantage will not be taken of present opportunities to create a mo nopoly which may prove nothing less than disastrous In the years that are near at hand. To fill the valleys of Oregon LOGGING OUTFIT XACXTNG TIMBER TO STREAM i " i, . A with factories, large or small, where foc- tory life is not disfigured and cramped. where Ita evils may be minimized, and yet the state be fed by the outgrowth of her resources, power for engine and' motor Is essential. That power must be close at hand, be cheap, and effective. So far the state cannot, or at least does not. yield coal for these uses. The water powers we have will suffice for years to come. Euch one. however, that Is taken Into private ownership, by so much diminishes the dormant capital of the State. CHEAP ELECTRIC POWER EASTERN OREGON MINES HAVE MODERN METHODS. Hock Creek Furnishes Lights for City. Town and the Widely Separated Districts. In Baker County, the enterprise of the Baker Power & Ught Company Is of spe cial interest. In the first place, the power Is generated from a small hut mn. stant mountain stream, with heavy fall. ine detailed description that follows is xrom ne uemocrat: "The larxe rower-hous nut in mmmi sion a few months ago. situated 25 miles west oc iiaxer city. In Rock Creek Can yon, about 1W feet above the level of Baker, or 4100 feet above the sea. Is 30x60 feet Inside measurement, contains two generators, each operated by a Pelton Im pulse water wheel, two exciters, three transformers of 3C0 kilowatt each, or 1500 horsepower Jointly; switchboard, private, telephone lines and everv othir morinm appliance. The generators throw Into the iransiormers 5 u volts, and 23, OX) volts of electricity comes out on the naked dis tribution wires. On the switchboards are also the newest governors. Indicators, reg ulators and all manner of delicate elec trical gauges. The engineer in charge can tell at a glance the operation of every part of his machinery, pressure of water on the Pelton wheel and amount of con sumption of water and electricity. The big Pelton wheels are operated by the water of Rock Creek, taken some three miles up the canyon at a high elevation. From the dam In the creek, a flume 14 miles long carries the water to the pen stock, where It la thrown into the Iron pressure pipe line, which Is MOO feet from there to the power-house. The pipe line has a fall of 940 feet, and the pressure is 410 pounds to the square Inch, At the penstock the pipe Is 35 Inches in diameter, and Is reduced by degrees to 14 Inches at the power-house. Transmission Line. "The engineers are now completing the transmission lino nf tho mmmnv Vo. 1 . section "being about 20 miles, over the 9000 elevation divide into the Bourne mining camp, and when finished within a few days from now, will comprise about 50 miles. The wire used Is heavy No. 4 copper. One section carries the power through Baker City. 30 miles to the Emma mine, which lies seven miles east of Baker. An other section carries the power and light to Baker City. The third section runs eight miles to the United Elkhorn mines, and still another connects with the town of Haines, 12 miles away, while the new section Just being finished hooks up the Bourne camp. Power and light are .fur nished for the Emma mine, the United Elkhom. and as soon as the new section Is connected up In the Bourne camp, the E. & E., North Pole. Columbia. Golconda and Tabor Fraction can have all the power and lights they require. In naker City and Haines many manufacturing In dustries are operated both day and night by this hydro-electric power. "The construction of the transmission line over the ridge Into Bourne Is one of the most difficult pieces of electrical en gineering ever attempted In the West, In some places the wires are hung from brackets on the face of cliffs 1000 feet high. Every difficulty has been surmount ed, and the management Is to be con gratulated upon Its success." Municipal Ownership. The following item as to the operation of the electric light and water system of the town of Milton Is an Illustration of successful municipal ownership on a small scale. The figures are called forth by a suggestion that operation by the city Is not satisfactory- "The city has accumulated quite a bank account over the needed expenditures In order to pay for the improvements that were made about two years ago. The In come from the electric lights has enabled the city to put prices upon a flat rate, glvfng a 24-candIe power for $1.25. a 32 candle power for $1.30, 4S for J2. and 100 for J3. It was shown positively that It was a paying Investment as It was; but by putting It on the flat rate It save3 the patrons from 15 to 30 per cent, and In creases the revenue of the city between 50 and 60 per cent Water Works Also Pay. "The city water works have also been a paying Investment from the very be ginning, and at the last meeting of the City Council it was found that there had accumulated from that source alone over and above what was needed to pay the Interest on the indebtedness of the city (which is a small affair), enough to ex tend another pipe line down Grover and Mill streets, at an expense of about $1200," says the East Oregonlan. "The only mis take that Milton has or did make was In not allowing enough motor power for tho Increase at the time they Installed their motor, and it Is only a short time before they will have to purchase a larger one." LEASE PUBLIC UNO Forest Reserve Experience May Be Utilized. EXTEND WEATHER SERVICE Method of Handling: Timber Districts or Watersheds May Serve as Lesson in Solving; Other Land Problems. An Important announcement was made a few days ago by Professor Moore, chief of the Weather Bureau, and by Gifford Plnchot, the head of the Forestry Service. Fourteen new stations for keeping weatji cr records will be established in the for est rewrves. Results of their observations will be tabulated and published by the Weather Bureau. Thus, the amount of the rainfall, and of Its effect on the water courses from the reserves, will be ascer tained. This Information has a most prae tlcal bearing on irrigation projects. The rate and time needed for filling existing and future reservoirs will so be deter mined. Both size and scope of reservoirs depend directly on this factor. Action of the Forest Reserve officials in apportioning the grazing resources of the Immense tracts under their control Is pro ceeding rapidly. The following items from the East Oregonlan, and the Pendleton Tribune explain themselves: "J. M. Schmltz. of Walla Walla, forester in charge of the Wenaha forest reserve In the northwest corner of Umatilla County, has called a mass meeting of stockmen to be held at Walla Walla on December 16. for the purpose of parceling the re serve for grazing purposes during the coming year. This reserve is one of tho grazing regions in the Inland Empire and is well watered throughout. It has al ways been a paradise for stock during-tho Summer months on account of the lux uriant pasturage and abundance cfwater and there promises to be a sharp contest over the division of the reserve. Tho Wenaha forest reserve lies in the counties of Umatilla. Wallowa and Union in Ore gon, and Walla Walla, Columbia and Gar- field in Washington, and the district is patronized largely by sheep and cattlemen from all these counties in both states. Nu merous streams, including the Wenaha River, Little. Salmon. Walla Walla Rivers. George and Asotin Creeks and many small tributaries ot the Grand Ronde River all head In the high mountains in the reserve, and it is one of the most de lightful Summer ranges and camping re gions in the Northwest." "To issue 250 grazing permits to stock men and sheepmen, whose combined herds number 2SO.00O sheep and 15.000 head of cattle, was the task that confronted Chief Ranger Howard O'Brien at Wallowa a few days ago. The irreconcilable differ ences between these two opposing inter ests from time immemorial made It a dif ficult task. The permits are for the Wal lowa and the Chesimnus reserves. For this privilege the Government collects from 5 to 8 cents on each sheep and from 20 to 35 cents on each head of cattle more than J20.C00 In all." There seems to be no good reason why a similar system should not be devised and applied to Immense tracts of govern ment land In this state, not now "being sought by bomeseekcrs. nor likely so to be for years to come. If all Government lands were to be officially examined, mapped and classified, and reservation made of such portions as might reason ably be expected to be taken up by set tler? as homesteads within specified times, the balance might be utilized as grazing grounds under proper terms and authorizations. The extent of the necessity for rules which shall enable, and at the same time regulate grazing on the newly-formed re- - serves may be judged from the following short Item. "The Wallowa forest reserve wilt shut out fully 75,000 outside sheep from grazing In Baker County." A most practical step towards securing acquiescence, at least, if not active sup port by the public of recent regulations of the Forestry Department has been re cently taken In Issuing rules authorizing sale of Government timber to buyers of small quantities. The following are the striking points of the new system. "Sales of timber amounting to less than J100 are now made on the ground by the forest officers without delay. The pur chaser is required only to transmit the purchase price to the special fiscal agent, at Washington, and he may then remove the timber. He is, of course, assigned timber which it is most desired to dis pose of, and is compelled, like all other purchasers of timber, to observe strictly the regulations of the Forest Service, which are fully explained to him by the officer In charge of the sale. The restrictions under which the felling and hauling of logs Is done are as light as is consistent with the welfare of the forest. Just how Important these re strictions are Is becoming better and bet ter understood, and purchasers who have completed a contract to purchase under them have sought and secured timber a second or third time, showing that log ging methods which secure the safety and reproduction of the forest are never theless capable of strict observance in practice without loss or material incon venience to the operator."