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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 6, 1905)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, PRIpAT, OCTOBER 6, 1905 Entered at the Postofnce at Portland, Or., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTION BATES. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. (By Mall or Express.) Dally and Sunday, per year Dally and Sunday, six months Dally and Sunday, three months Dally and Sunday per month - Dally without Sunday, per year.. Dally without sunuay. six monm Dally without sunaay, trree mom.ua Dally without Sunday, per month... Sunday. pr year - Sunday, six months Sunday, three months BY CARRIER. Tniit. Tt-4tVimi Sundov. ner week... LOS .05 2.50 1.25 .65 .i: Daily, per week, Sunday Included 20 THE WEEKLY OREGONIAN. (Issued Evory Thursday.) "Weekly, per year 1-30 "Weekly, six months "Weekly, three months 50 HOW TO REMIT Send postofr.ee money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. Tho S. C. BockwiUi Special Agency New York, rooms 43-50 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 510-512 Tribune building. KEPT ON SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex. Postofflce News Co.. 178 Dearborn street. Dallas, Tex. Globe News Depot, 200 Main street. Denver Julius Black, Hamilton & Kend rick, 800912 Seventeenth street; Pratt Book Store, 1214 Fifteenth streot. Des Moines, la. Moses Jacobs, 309 Fifth street. . Roldflcld, Ncv. F. Sandstrom; Guy Marsh. Kontuts City. Mo. Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and "Walnut. 108 Angeles Harry Drapkln: B. E. Amos, B14 West Seventh street; Dlllard News Co. Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh, 50 South Third. Cleveland, O. James Pushaw. 30. Superior etreet. . . New York City L. Jones & Co., Astor Souse. Oakland, Cal. W. H. Johnston, Fourteenth end Franklin streets. Ogden Goddard & Harrap: D. L. Boyle. Omaha Barkalow Bros.. 1C12 Farnam; Mapeath Stationery Co., 130S Farnam; 240 South 14th. Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento News Co., 429 K street. Salt Xake Salt Lake News Co., 7i West Berond street South; National News Agency. Long Beach B. E. Amos. Snn Francisco J. IC. Cooper & Co., 740 Market street; Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter and Hotel St. Francis News Stand; L. E. Lee Palace Hotel News Stand; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market: Frank Scott, SO Ellis; N. Wheatley Movable News Stand, corner Mar ket and Kearney stroets; Foster & Orear. Ferry News Stand. St. Louis. Mo. E. T. Jett Book & News Company. BOO Olive street Washington, I). C Ebbltt House, Pennsyl vania avenue. PORTLAND. FRIDAY. OCTOBER 0, 1005. riLOTAGE REFORM A NECESSITY. The ancient order of superannuated bar pilots, appalled by the thought of having to remove their feet from the grate and go out and brave the storms of Winter on the bar, are doing the best they can to prevent shipping coming to the Columbia River. Emboldened by failure of the Pilot Commission to pay the slightest attention to the ground ing of the Oceano in fifteen feet of water, they now go a step farther and warn shipmasters against loading to a greater draft than twenty-four feet. This Is two feet less draft than was taken over the bar two years ago, and eighteen inches less than was taken out last Winter, and yet It is generally ad mitted, even by the pilots themselves, that there is more water on the bar than there was a year ago. There Is, of course, more responsibility attached to piloting a deep-draft ship over the bar than there is attached to the handling of a light-draft vessel. It Is generally believed, however, that the state law whlch-f:ives the pilots the right to collect half pilotage on ships which they do not pilot at all, and forces the vessel to take a pilot whether his services are required or not, made these concessions for the purpose of maintaining an efficient service on the bar and to induce good men J,o engage in the work. It would, of course, add to the pleasure of the calling If the pilots, like their pilot-boat, could loaf around all Summer and then lay up for repairs in the Winter, but, unfortunately, the demands of commerce will not admit of such a procedure, and, unpleasant as the -work may be, some one must han dle it Nearly all of the pllot9 now on the bar have grown old and gray In the service. In their prime they were will ing to take the chances which go with the calling. The work, or profession, was not forced on them any more than was the dangerous -work of the fisher man, who, to Increase his profits, made his "drifts" right on the edge of the breakers, while his more timid brother, satisfied with smaller returns for his labor, took fewer chances and fewer fish in the safer waters well inside the bar. But, having accepted his branch li cense from the state, the pilot becomes in a sense a state appointee, and Is an swerable to the state for his deeds. When the fisherman becomes afflicted with that malady which the language of the street terms "cold feet," he alone suffers the loss attendant. With the pilot the case is different, for, while he loses a few dollars which he would be paid for. the additional foot or two of draft, the port suffers a tremendous loss by the diversion to other ports of ves sels which otherwise would come here. We have a Pilot Commission appointed by the Governor, but If It has ever at tempted -to Investigate any shortcom ings of the pilots or done anything for the efficiency of the service, it has kept the matter from public notice. Portland Is approaching a crisis in her shipping trade, and there was never a time In her history when It was more neces sary to give shipping entering the river the best possible service. If a good service cannot be secured wlthour present compulsory pilotage laws and idle but expensive commis sion, both should be abolished and the services secured of a number of hardy young bar fishermen, who could at least steer a ship from buoy to buoy until she reached the open sea. The bar pilots who have grown old in the ser vice are entitled to much praise for their work in the past, but we are liv ing in the present, and must keep up with the procession or elee drop out of the ranks. Our commercial and finan cial enterprises" did not pause or go out of business with the retirement and death of their founders, and old age and death cannot be permitted to put an end to a good pilotage service at the mouth of the river. If there Is any more mis representation of the depth of water that can be found on the Columbia bar, there will be a protest from the com mercial Interests of this city suffi ciently loud to reach the ears of the slumbering Pilot Commission. The sober second thought has come to the Japanese and with It the abatement of their hostility to the terms of peace agreed upon between Japan and Rus sia. It is probable that the importance of Japan, In the light of her unbroken Une of victories In the field and on the iea., was exaggeratedin the minds of he irresponsible element at home. It was believed that the nation could have the Indemnity asked by Insisting: upon It, whereas the wiser heads that ruled in Its councils the "elder statesmen" saw that it would be easy to spend the amount of indemnity asked for, and still, though victorious at Vladivostok and Harbin, be unable to compel the payment of the money. As time goes on, even the masses in Japan may be able to see, what the world saw at the time, that the plucky little Island em pire secured the best terms possible In the peaec conference. The Indications are that they already realise this fact ,to some extent, since an order Abrogat ing martial law at Sasebo, Nagasaki, Tsushima and Hakodate, the chief cit ies -wherein the peace riots occurred, has been promulgated. SATISFACTION AND SURPRISE Hitherto no complete and 'accurate statement of the assessed valuation of the banks of Portland, for purposes of taxation, has been published. The Ore gonlan supplies such statement tod&ir. viz: First Natlsnal $1,382,750.00 Merchants National S81.585.00 Security Savings- & Trust S75.150.00 Unltod States National 304.320.00 Bank of California 205.240.00 Ladd & Til ton 200,533.02 Canadian Bank of Commerce.. 200.000.00 Portland Trust Company 100.073.00 Oregon Savings Bank 102.240.00 Title Guarantee & Trust C7.500.00 Citizens Bank ,. 35.210.00 Hibernian Savings Bank 33.000.00 Ashle" & Rumelln 20.000.00 East Side Bank 10.200.00 G. W. Bates & Co 10,200.00 What will surprise the reader. In this exhibit. Is the modest poverty of - the bank of Ladd & Tllton. . Its wealth amounts to the sum, only, of 5200,535.92. It'ls gratifying to see the sum so closely stated. Conscientiousness Is manifest, through the odd figures, $535.92. Store- over, It Is thus attested, on the public records, to-wlt: "I, W. M. Ladd, mem ber of the firm of Ladd & Tilton, dub sworn, swear that the above statement is true, to the best of my knowledge and belief. April 21, 1905." All men which term Includes all women must respect honest poverty. But there are pending many matters In litigation, such as the affair of the Marquam building and the Johnson es tate, which may swell the assessment, by next year. Moreover, current advertisements of the bank of Ladd & Tllton assure the public that the bank has a "responsi bility of $5,000,000." Which ought to be reassuring. No doubt It will make the public feel better at this epochal date In the history of Oregon, when every body expects everybody to put the best foot foremost. UPPER AND LOWER RIVER. "The upper river can wait," said Mr. Wilcox in his address at the tHill ban quet Monday. He meant the Columbia River above Portland. He was endeav oring to impress on his hearers the prime Importance of a deeper channel from Portland to the sea. The value of Mr. Wilcox's service for a deeper river and a greater commerce everybody In Oregon knows. Yet The Oregonlan thinks It does not become the people of Portland at this time to remit in any degree whatever their effort to open up the Columbia River. A year ago we heard from Chairman Burton, of the House rivers and har bors committee, that we could .not have an appropriation for both the Celllo Canal and the entrance to the Colum bia River. There was a disposition In Portland to accept the alternative and to say. In that event, that tve should, of course, elect the entrance to the river. But wiser counsels prevailed and Portland Insisted that no choice could or should be made. Unquestionably no appropriation for the Celllo Canal would have-been made at that time by Congress If Oregon had not taken a de termined stand. If Portland could not then abandon its purpose to do every thing In Its power to open the Upper Columbia River, it cannot afford to do it now. We do not think It at all neces sary for the success of the great enter prise of opening a deeper channel in the lower river that we change front as to the upper river. We learned last year that the appropriation for Celllo was not made at expense of the river's mouth. No such suggestion or offer will be seriously made to Portland In future. Let us get straight about these im portant matters. Let it be understood for all time that Portland Is equally In terested In Improving the lower river and the upper river, and that It will lend every possible aid to the consum mation of both projects. Construction of the new railroad down the north bank of the Columbia River does not alter the situation a particle. There is not the slightest doubt that the two railroads, north bank and south bank, will agree as to rates, and an open river is the only effective way to lower them or to keep them on a reasonable basis. An open river from Portland to We natchee and Lewl&ton is all the railroad commission or rate legislation In that direction that we shall ever need. DR. JOHN M'LOUGIILIN. The name of Dr. John McLoughlln will be honored and his many deeds of philanthropy, mercy and Justice will be recalled with fitting words of eulogy today at the Lewis and Clark Exposi tion. In all the early history of the Oregon Country no other name is so prominent as that of Dr. McLoughlln chief factor of the great Hudson's Bay Company from 1834 to 1846. The in terim between these dates covers the enchanted years, so to speak, of the great Pacific Northwest In Its heroic struggle toward civilization. Of these struggles Dr. McLoughlln was the cen tral figure toward which converged the varied Interests of trapper, settler and missionary, the American citizen strug gling toward self-government and the British subject loyal to his sovereign. It Is difficult to conceive of a more delicate and' trying position than that occupied by the "good doctor," as he was reverently and affectionately hailed, as chief arbiter of many differ ences that grew out of the complex conditions of those early days. Though his decisions In many matters more or less important were often bitterly pro tested and his motives were sometimes cruelly misjudged, he continued faith ful to the end of his long stewardship, his never-falling mentor being his own sense of right and Justice. As a British subject. Dr. McLoughlln was loyal to his sovereign; as the head of vast commercial Interests, he was faithful to his employers; as a man, he was Intensely human and quickly re sponsive to the call and touch of hu manity. When later (about (1849) he became an American citizen in -due form, he was as loyal to his adopted country "as he had been to that of his birth. In the "white light of history toot yet half & century' old, 'the name of Dr. John McLoughlln stands without blot i or stain. His motives have been purged of all shadow of dishonor. He was dignified, even aristocratic. In his bear ing, but he was always and everywhere a gentleman. The country over which he literally ruled during a primitive era was slow to accord him the honor that was and is his due. but, having awak ened to a sense of duty, the few re maining pioneers and their many de scendants acknowledge with reverence and with gratitude the great part that he played in the events of his time the near yet far-away era In which "our yet young state was younger yet." THE LAW AND MR, ELLIOTT. An intelligent and courteous corre spondent asks this question: "If The Oregonlan states correctly the Presi dent's proposed law to regulate railroad rates, why do men like Mr. J. J. Hill and Mr. Howard Elliott state it so dif ferently?" They differ, that Is. riot from each other, but from the news paper. This Is a fair question, and It will not do to answer It by saying that these distinguished men have not the understanding to perceive what Mr. Roosevelt actually proposes. There are several passages In Mr. Elliott's speech before the Senate committee on Inter state commerce, delivered last May, which show that he at least knows ex actly what the President wishes, though almost the whole of the discourse Is an argument against something else. It Is an old trick In the game of politics to condemn both men and projects for what they are not, when no good reason can be found to condemn them for what they are. The plan which Mr. Elliott substitutes for the President's Is vul nerable In many places, and the head of the Northern Pacific argues against It with great force of logic. The Pres ident's real plan Is vulnerable nowhere, and Mr. Elliott could not. and he knows he could not, attack it with any success whatever. To settle once for all what Mr. Roosevelt has recommended con cerning the regulation of railroad rates, let us quote his own words from his last message to Congress. "I am of the opinion," he says, "that at present It would be undesirable. If not Imprac ticable, finally to clothe the commis sion with general authority to fix rail road rates." What could be more clear and explicit? And yet both Mr. Hilt and Mr. Elliott In their public utter ances have uniformly assumed that the President desired what in the plainest words he says he does not desire. Turn now to the question what he does ac tually recommend. We arevnot left In the dark. The message Is absolutely perspicuous. "I do believe that as a fair security to shippers the commission should oe vested with the power, when a given rate has been challenged, and after full hearing found to be unrea sonable, to decide, subject to Judicial review, what shall be a reasonable rate to take Its place, the ruling of the com mission to take effect Immediately and to obtain unless and until It is reversed by the court of review." The President then goes on to remark that this legis lation which he proposes Is the only way to prevent two great evils of oppo site nature, but both flowing from the abuses of the present system of decid ing controversies over rates. These evils are, on the one hand, the Increase of the present abuses, and on the other a demand from the people for radical and possibly destructive legislation. He. adds, with that keen Insight Into the heart of the matter for which Mr. Roosevelt has always been remarkable among public men, that In his Judg ment the most Important legislation now needed pertaining to the regula tion of corporations Is this act to give the Interstate Commerce Commission power thus to fix a controverted rate and to have the revised rate go Into effect at once and "stay In effect unless and until the court of review reverses It." Now there Is no misunderstanding these words; and when we read what the railroad officials persistently make out of them we are driven to believe either that Mr. Roosevelt was dlsln genuous In stating his recommendation or that his opponents are disingenuous In quoting IL Judging from their past history, their known character and their comparative motives for taking the Nation wholly Into their confidence, which Is the more likely to be disin genuous, a railroad official or a Pres ident of the United States, of -whom one may say, as the greatest orator of Rome said to her greatest statesman, that he has already by his achieve ments made his fame eternal? What has Theodore Roosevelt to gain by lying to the American people about what he hopes and what he wishes? What re ward Is there for the base Indirection of the demagogue to offer this marvel ous man that he has not already gained by free courage and noble frankness? Let us not, however, detract from the merit of railroad officials. They are men of courage, ability and enterprise. It has been characteristic of such men in all ages, whether as Gothic chief tains plundering the plains of degener ate Italy, whether as robber barons levying tribute upon the commerce of the Rhenish provinces In medieval times, or whether as the English pi rates of the Spanish Main, to chafe un der the restraints of law and endeavor to set themselves above the rights of their fellow-men. It was seriously argued by Gorglas, the Greek sophist, that, laws being made by the weak .to protect themselves from the strong. It was ig noble for a man to obey them when he had the strength to emancipate him self. But let us not wander. Mr. Hill and Mr. Elliott do not wish to be sub ject to the laws of the United States, -They wish to play the part of the be nevolent despot in regulating the com merce of the American people, and they use the despot's argument, as old as time and tyranny, that they can rule us better than we can rule ourselves. Per haps they can, but they may lay It to heart that this Nation will not ulti mately accept their rule, and that, so far as they are concerned, the final choice Is between submitting to the law and being destroyed by the law. "But there Is that Is destroyed for want of judgment" Mr. Elliott's speech has been printed and distributed as part of that "cam paign of education" which has been waged the past Summer by the rail roads against the President of the United States. It Is not a brief docu ment, arid it is mainly directed against the chimera which has been substitut ed for Mr. Roosevelt's real recommen dation, but it does also touch the real issue, and in this wise: First, says Mr. Ellidtt, the evils which the President complains of do not exist. There Is no discrimination, no rebate-giving, no private-car evil, no private terminal al lowances amounting to rebates; or. If these evils do exist, they are mere tri fles. On the other hand, Mr. Roosevelt says these evils do exist, and in such degree as to threaten the welfare of the Nation. Which Is the more disinterest ed, the more single-minded and the bet ter Informed, the President of the United States or the president of the Northern Pacific? Secondly, Mr. Elliott says that. If the evils do exist, the In terstate Commerce Commission has al ready the power to remedy them. The Interstate Commerce Commission has no power except to state the facts In a given case and recommend a remedy. It can enforce nothing. Upon this point there can be no disagreement. Mr. Elliott admits It In his speech; the Pres ident says so In his message; the Su preme Court has decided the point be yond all doubt or cavil. The commis sion can do absolutely nothing to rem edy discriminations and- rebates. The only recourse Is to the Federal Courts, where, as things now are, the tergiver sations and delays amount to a denial of justice. During the whole tortuous course of the litigation the unjust rate remains In force, to the ruin of the ship per and the disgrace of American law. Thirdly, Mr. Elliott says that. If the evils do exist, let them alone and they will remedy themselves, or. If they do not, our benevolent despots, the railroad officials, will remedy them for us. "Let us alone," cried the devil In the syna gogue. "Let us alone, cried the houtn- ern slaveholders. "Let us alone." pleads every unjust privilege, every Ini quity and every abuse of power; but advancing civilization will not let them alone, and. If there is one event In the future history of this country - which may be prophesied with absolute cer tainty. It is the ultimate triumph of law over the anarchy of corporations as well as the anarchy of the Haymarket. The attention of Citizen Gerllnger and Senator Rands, of Vancouver, Is called to the fact that nearly all of the steel rail mills In the country have orders booked as far ahead as next August, and a similar state of activity is no ticeable among manufacturers of bridge and other structural steel. It would be a pity to have the roadbed complet ed, tunnels bored and ties on the ground for the Wallula Pacific, only to be delayed because the orders for steel were overlooked. Incidentally, as all of the locomotive works and carshops are congested with orders. It might be well to advertise the line by putting In ap plication for forty or fifty Wallula Pa cific locomotives and a few hundred Wallula Pacific cars. All of these things are needed In the construction of a railroad, fully as much as an occasional bit of right of way at strategic points. Carry the news to Dr. Jordan. The Victoria sealing fleet Is making the best catches reported for many years. One vessel has already reached Victoria with 722 skins, and reports eleven oth ers with much better catches than have been reported recently. The the- orles of Dr. Jordan regarding seal life were largely responsible for the Gov ernment policy which drove the Ameri can sealers out of business or under the protection of the British flag. Had there been any fact worth mentioning in connection with the Jordan theory of "vanishing seal herds," the valuable furbearers would have been extinct years ago. The stupid, policy of the American Government In regard to our own sealers has cost us an Industry which added millions to the wealth of Canada, and the seals, while more timid than formerly, are apparently fully as plentiful as they were years ago. The strife between high church and low smolders now and again but never dies out. The spark of con tention between the two forces or factions In the Church of Eng land only awaits the breath of oppor tunity to burst Into flame. No one needs to be surprised, therefore. If the fire, carefully covered on the Episcopal hearth in this city a few months ago, already shows signs of renewed life. It Is to be fed, according to reports, by a number of libel suits those Instru ments of secular wrangling that become two-edged swords when drawn by ec- cleslastlclsm. As one Robert Pollock has It Thl Is religion wounded sore. At her awn altars, and among her friends. Perhaps, after all, the most remark able feature in connection with the life Insurance scandals Is that there was a sufficient amount of money to meet the claims of policy-holders when they were due. The fact that the companies were enabled to make a satisfactory show ing of financial strength In spite of all the stealing and grafting that was go ing on Is the strongest possible evi dence that the premiums exacted from the public were at least twice as large as they should have been. The oppor tunity for a few honest men to establish an insurance business on business nrln- clples, and with premiums based on the rules of business, and not those of graft. Is exceptionally good Just now "Jailer Wise was unarmed and he ran to secure a weapon," says the news re port of an attempted jallbreak at Seat tle. According to the story, the Jailer was escorting to the Jail office a desper ate criminal who was under life sen tence. The Incident discloses a charm Ing degree of confidence on the part of the jailer m a man who awaited only the opportunity to do murder. In most Institutions a "lifer" Is regarded as suf ficiently dangerous to warrant every precaution being taken against his making trouble. Perhaps Jailer Wise was afraid of being arrested for carry ing concealed weapons. The New York Life Insurance Com pany appears to have bought a lot of buildings all over the country that no body else seemed to want. The bollcv hodlers' money must be spent somehow. We may admire President McCall's nerve In saying that he will fight to the death all efforts to shut his com pany out of Nevada; yet why should anyone want to do business in Nevada? "Life insurance men never resign they die." seritentlously remarks Presi dent McCalL And their pensions live after them. Was The Oregonlan In error when It spoke of "the tin-cup bank"? Look at the assessment. Bits of Odd Information. Philadelphia Bulletin. Stammering Is unknown among savage tribes. Clergymen stand second In the list of Inventors; mechanics first. In Vienna class Is being used to fill teeth with. Man Is sick 10 days, woman 20 days, of each year. Tho King of Italy Is presented annually by the Emperor of Austria with 10.000 American cigars. To run an ocean liner from New Tork to Liverpool costs $50,003. 0REG0N0Z0NR The Next Immortal Bronze Alas! another week or so. And then the Exposition No more may watch Tacoma grow Above the fence partition. No more shall tve behold, alack! Sacajawca's statue. With that pappoose upon her back. So slyly squinting at you. But, gentle reader, don't despair. In nineteen hundred seven. At Jamestown there's another fair. Our souls with sights to leaven. ' Let's go with all our kin and kith. Whatever cares confront us. And look on Cap'n Johnny Smith, Preserved by Pocahontas! Rome Falls No More. Nowsboy Great cxcltoment at Lyce um Hall! All 'bout th big sensation! Papers!! Citizen (excitedly) What has hap pened, boy? Here gimme a paper. What Is It? Newsboy Orator at the hall, tellln' bout th' dangers t th' republic, made a comparison 'thout raentlonln th' fall o" th Roman empire! Great sensation! Papers!!! The Prodigal Son. "Say, do I look like a prodigal son?" Inquired a Portland man who had re turned from a month's trip to the East. "Well, I can't say that you do," re plied his friend. "My conception of a prodigal son Is a fellow who has I wandered from his own fireside and spent his all In riotous living, who ' has robbed the cows of their fodder, eaten corn-shucks, and so forth, but i why do you ask?" "Well, they had roast veal the first meal after I got home, and that even ing I was Invited out to dinner and was served with veal cutlets. Next morning we had veal chops at our house." Ills Income Satisfactory. Multimillionaire Daughter, what In come has that young man who has been calling upon you so often of late? Daughter Do you suppose I would Insult him by' Inquiring, papa? I am very fond of him. and Multimillionaire I know you are. and that Is why I want to learn It ho p can support you In a style befitting your station In life, or if he is a mere fortune-hunter. You must find out what Income he has. Who Is he, any way? Daughter He 13 the son of the pres ident of a life Insurance company and holds a position In the Multimillionaire That will do. daughter. Marry that young man at once; I want to borrow a couple of million dollars. Open Letter to E. Hubbard. Dear FraEIbertus I have enjoyed your lecture on "The Gospel of Work" three times, and I take this method of dropping you a few chosen lines to let you know that you deliver the goods, so far as my estimation goes; that you hand them out. In fact, with neat ness and despatch. But that Is not the object of this sketch. I arise to Implore you, as you love Justice with a big J, to raise the -wages of that boy. I mean the boy you tell about In your lecture, who was expelled from school for cutting his Initials In the desks and whose mother yanked him Into your shop at East Erroarer and told you to do things with him, of to him. You gave him a Job carving chairs' legs et cetera, and he did so well that ho became a wood-carving artist. He was doing the very work. In school, that nature fitted him for. only he needed Roycroft training to make his carving commercially useful. Now, you say In your lecture: "That boy Is still working in the Roycroft shop, and he Is drawing a dollar and a quarter a day." You said that three years ago, when I heard you deliver your lecture In Oshkosh. You said it last year at St. Louis, and you repeated It at the Ex position auditorium yesterday. Your lecture is mighty interesting. Era Elbertus, and your theories of who's -who and what's what and which Is which are measureably satisfactory; but don't you think you ought to raise that poor boy's wages? Think of a boy who has gotten to be an artist in his line still laboring his eight hours per for a measly dollar and two bits! In the language of the lamented A. Ward, this Ir tew mutch or rather It Is too little. Isn't that boy worth more per diem now than he was four years ago, when he first went to work for you? Are you going to work the poor lad until his old age at $1.25 per? Perish the thought! I confidently trust that when you come around here to deliver your lec ture next year you will be able to an nounce that the boy la still working for you and getting at least $1.50 a day. Cordially yours. In the Interests of labor. ROBERTUS LOVE. "Where Children Are Sold: (Henry W. N'evlnson. In Harper's Magazine.) On the sarao steamer by which I reached Benguela there were five little native boys, conspicuous In striped Jerseys, and running about the ship like rats. I sup pose they were about 10 or 12 years old. perhaps leas. I do not know where they came from, but It must have been from some fairly distant part of the interior, for like all natives who see stairs for the first time they went up and down them on their hands and knees. They were trav eling with a Portuguese, and within a week ot landing at Benguela he had sold them all to other white owners. Their price was SO milrels apiece (nearly 548.50). Their owner did rather well, for the boys were small and thin hardly bigger than another natlvo slave boy who was at the same time given away by one Portuguese friend to another as a New Year's pres ent. But all through this part of the country I have found the price of human beings ranging rather higher than I ex pected, and the man who told me the price of the boys had himself been offered one of them at that figure, and was sim ply passing on the offer to myself. Didn't Ivnow What Rain Was. Indianapolis News. "Those who are not accustomed to rain are frightened by It." says a writer. "I once saw an Arab rained on for the first time. He was abjectly terrified, and de manded to have his passage paid from the country Sicily In which the dread phenomenon occurred. He had been con veyed from the Sahara. I think, by a European, whose servant he was, and he evidently thought his master was behav ing abominably to him In permitting him to get wet. By the first steamer he re turned to his native desert, abandoning excellent wages, and shaking the rain drops furiously fr6m his slippered feet." M'LOUGHLIN DAY AT THE EXPOSITION Oregon City Schoolboy, 15 Year Old, Writes an Appreciation of the "Father of Oregon Fur Trading at Astoria and Vancouver Pioneer Day Vhen the Pacific Northwest Was Yet Young Liberal View a to Creed and Nationality (Extracts from this essay on the life of Dr. John McLoughlln show a creditable grasp of the ubject and was written as an educa tional exhibit by John Flnucane. 15 years old. a graduate of St. John's Parochial and Vlgh School, conducted by the BenedtcUn Sister?, Oregon City. Or. The article come3 at an osoortune time. This Is McLoughllK. day at the Lewta and Clark exposition.) As early as the latter part of the ISth century expeditions were undertaken to explore the Northwest territory of tho American continent, and many fur trading posts were established by com panies formed and maintained In Eng land. Among them the Hudson's Bay Company became the most powerful, and after having absorbed all other smaller companies and amalgamated with Its chief competitor,- the North west Company, the former in 1S23, ob tained virtually full control of all the country extending from the Great Lakes to the Pacific, and from the Arc tic regions to the boundaries of Cali fornia. A country so extensive In trade re quired a man of rare qualities and character, and the officers, after many meetings, weighing the merits of the different factors In the ' British do minion, concluded to appoint Dr. John McLoughlln, at that time In the serv Ico of the company at Fort William, near Lake Superior, chief factor and representative. It Is my Intention to review briefly the life and actions of. this great man. Though he left very llttlo In writing concerning himself to posterity, we can say rightly with Horace Lyman In his history of Ore gon: "McLoughlln wrote his life In deeds." and again, "Oregon's history from 1824 to 1847 was pre-eminently the age of McLoughlln." Many erro neous statements have been made by historians In regard to McLoughlln's nationality and early creed. It was many years after his death that au thentic facts were obtained relative to both. According to letters dated 1S33 and written by some of his relatives and Rev. L. Blais. curate of St. Patrice. Riviere du Loup, Canada, printed copies of which may be Inspected In St. John's parish records, we obtain the subjoined Information: Dr. John "McLoughlln was born at Riviere du Loup, Canada. October 10. 1784. His father was Irish, whilst his mother (nee Angelique Fraser) was of Scotch descent. She was born In the parish or Beaumont, below Quebec, and was the daughter of a Lieutenant In the Canadian Militia. Dr. John Mc Loughlln was the second child of this marriage: the others being: Marie Louise, afterward Sister St. Henri, an Ursullne nun, who died In Quebec, July 3, 1S46; Dr. David McLoughlln, who died in London, March 1. 1S72; Julie Ann McLoughlln, wife of J. M. MIchaud, and who died In Riviere du Loup. July 4. 1SS3; Margaret McLoughlln, wife of Simon Talbot, and who died at St. George of Cacouna about 1S62; Honore Angelo, afterward Mrs. Joseph De Chene. and who died In Riviere du Loup. November 20. 182S, and Elizabeth, who tiled while young. We are also Informed that Dr. Mc Loughlln received private baptism In the Catholic Church. There being no resident priest at Riviere du Loup, the baptismal ceremonies were supplied a month alter his birth. November 3, 1784, at Kamouraska, which could then only be reached by boat or on foot. The father of Dr. John McLoughlln was accidentally drowned on the north side of the SL Lawrence River at La Mal bale, and was burled in that parish. His wife had his body exhumed Octo ber 22, 1S12, and transferred to the cemetery of St. Andre. Dr. John Mc Loughlln's mother died July 3, IS 12, at the age of 83 years and was burled at Riviere du Loup. Of Dr. McLoughlln's youth very little Is known. Tt is said that when he was but 16 years of age TOO MUCH ONE-MAN POWER. Watchman, Boston. The life Insurance Investigations have made It plain that In spite of boards of directors and other offlcers the great life Insurance companies are one-man affairs. Tho want of good faith In the reorganization of the Equitable Life Assurance Society was made clear when Paul Morton was made president with plenary powers, before Grover Cleveland and his two associates were appointed to look out for the Interests of the policy-holders. The appointment of these commission ers was evidently a 'blind for the pur pose of leading the public to believe an honest reorganization had been ef fected. The full power is, however. In the hands of Mr. Morton, over whom they have no control. They can neither curb him nor displace him. His power over the affairs of the society Is abso lute. The testimony of John A. McCall. Mn.f,ln V. XfAn. "Vrt T I T ...... ICOIUCIIL Ul XUtH lilLQ AHOUfc- I ance Company, before the committee of the Legislature, shows that the same state of things exists In that company. There has been some talk about dummy directors. Apparently all the directors of these companies are dummies. It is difficult to see how the administration of these and other corporations similarly conducted would be changed If they were simply the personal property of the presidents. In the case of the Equitable, this ab solute power was used for the benefit of the president and his family and friends; in the New York Life there does not appear any evidence of a use of the power for personal gain. Ocean's Vast Depths. Exchange. A French writer In a scientific magazine tells of the great ocean depths of 2S.O0O to 30,000 feet, the temperature tending toward zero, with perpetual darkness reigning below depths of about 12S0 feet. At that level plants deprived of Hsbt cannot exist, and the animal life must be carnlverous. The organ of sight, not being used, has disappeared, and yet there Is light even in that sightless world. A German exploring ship found a fish with enormous eyes at a depth of 61C0 feet. Phosphorescence Is common In these hollows of the sea; sometimes spe cial organs, flash, light. j T i wmmmmmmzmMMwmi i 1 John Flnucane. 11 J he entered the service of the Northwest Company, and that some time after ward went to Scotland and thenco to Paris, France, for the purpose of ob taining a good education, and also to apply himself especially to the study of medicine. He returned to America to re-enter the service of the Northwest Company, as It seems, perhaps with tha Intention of becoming its official phy sician. However, there was very little work for him In this profession, and he afterward took greater interest in the development of the business affairs of the company. When Alexander McKenzie. the cele brated explorer of the river now bear ing his name, and justly called tho "Great Spirit of the Northwost Com pany." a friend, companion and teacher of McLoughlln, was drowned in Lake Superior, the heads of the company entrusted to McLoughlln all their af fairs by appointing him chief factor. At the amalgamation of this company with the Hudson'3 Bay Company, ho was given the same position, his terri tory extending over the whole north western part of the American Conti nent. No sooner had he taken charge of the company's interests, when he Intro duced great changes in the manage ment and development of the concern. His first aim was to establish a cen tral location for all the trade to be carriea on in the territory entrusted to him. Knowing Astoria, once the emporium of the fur-trading business, to be inconveniently located for car rying on trade with the Interior of the country, he resolved upon establishing a new post, and for this purpose select ed a spot where the City of Vancou ver, Wash., now stands, because this plane could be easily reached from all directions on water by moans of the tributaries of the Columbin. Having thus opened a commercial center. Dr. McLoughlln manned old posts with good and reliable men, and within a short period entended the fur trade from New Caledonia to the boun daries of California. To absorb all the trade along the North Pacific Coast, he entered into negotiations with th Russians of Alaska, by soiling wheat in exchange for furs. Under his able management. It is said that the Hud son's Bay Company exported Sl.QOJ.OdO worth of furs anually. It Is oven be lieved that during the time of his man agement $20,000,000 worth of furs were sent from Vancouver to London stock holders. Thus he showed himself to be a man of great foresight and business qualifications. Though the Hudson's Bay Company. for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade which necessarily had to cease with the settling of the country, op posed their servants settling on land, and required them to return at the ex piration of the time of their service. Dr. McLoughlln was not of the same opinion and encouraged those under him to settle and did not look with disfavor upon the marriages that his men entered Into with the native wom en of the country. Neither did he put any obstacles in the way to Americans who came to settle in tnis region and he procured for Canadians as well as Americans cattle, hogs, grain, wheat, fruit and seed of all kinds, sometimes without asking a cent In return. Today we hear his praises from the surviving pioneers of this state who assert that had it not been for Dr. Mc Loughlln's help they would have been compelled to leave tho country or die of hunger. Of McLoughlln It Is also said that he showed himself to be a true friend of the American 3ettlers by protecting them against the Indians; nnd that when Indians had done any harm to Americans, ho did not rest until the guilty porsons wore captured and punished, sometimes even with death. But that which will render Dr. Mc Loughlln's name honored for all time on this Pacific Coast, and upon which historians have written in the most delightful manner, and old pioneers have spoken In the most glowing lan guage, was his generosity shown to the people without distinction as to creed or nationality, friends and foes alike, and known to himself to bo his foes. Dr. John McLoughlln passed to his eternal reward Soptember 3, 1S67. at Oregon City, and was burled within the sacred precincts of St. John's Church first graveyard. The humble monument orected upon his grave calls him "The Friend and Pioneer of Oregon, and also the Founder . of this City." Oregon's historians tell us that Dr. McLough lln's outward appearance was quit striking. He was from six to six and one-half feet In height, and the tallest Indian had to look up to him. HIa shoulders were very broad with a full chest and erect carriage. He wore quaint and courtly dress, and his hair, which had early turned white, fell in 16ng silvery locks to his shoulders. Among the Indians he was known as the "White-Hendcd Chief." or the "White-Headed Eagle." Dr. McLoughlln wa first married to the widow of Alexander McKenzie at Fort William, and he married his sec ond wife, a full-blooded Indian woman, at Fort William, where all the chil dren of this marriage were bora. THE OLDESTJJMBRELLA? Kansas City Star. The oldest umbrella in the continuous service of one man In Kansas City Is the claim made by C. W. Wilson, of DCO McGcc street, for the weather stick which he has carried continuously since 1S6S. "Two 510 gold pieces could not tempt me to part with that umbrella," said Mr. Wilson yesterday, "for it is certain ly a relic. I have never lent It. but have lost It dozens of times. But I kept my eyes peelad and always re gained the old umbrella. It has been rc-covcred many times, but the ribs are the same that were put in It 37 years ago. It has the same stick too, and It is made of maple. I dropped It. breaking part of the Ivors handle, three years ago. and had a piece of gold attached to replace the part broken off, "In 1S6S. 3S members of the Paw nee Library Association of Philadel phia bought umbrellas like this for $5 apiece, the wholesale factory price. No tice It has eight ribs? Umbrellas now aday have seven. The Pawnee Club marched In the Garfield Inauguration parade In 1SS1. I carried this umbrella then. If there Is another one that has been carried continuously by one man since 1S6S I'll wager it belongs to an other member of the old Pawnee Club of Philadelphia." Tho Killer. Edwin L. Sabin, In LIpplncott's. A thousand miles, from east to west, I Journeyed on relentless quest. I met him in the solitude As he his shaggy way pursued. He swung" bis head In dazed surprise; My bullet crashed betwixt hla eyea. I took from him hla great domain. Connecting turquolso sky with plain. Aye, canyon, crest and plnon shaie; The bouldered pass, the valleyed glade All this from his possession tore. And set my heel, a concaererl . I stripped hl skin for my renown. Before my fireplace laid it down. Within four narrow walls 'tis bprtad. That eyo may gloat and foot may tread. A hero Lln wide belief; I know that I am but a thief. V