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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 23, 1905)
s THE MORNING OHEGOXIAX, EEEDAX, JCXE 23, 1905. Catered at the Fostofflce at Portland. Or., as second-class matter. eubscriftiox sates. INVjCKIABLT in advance. Bjr Mall or Express.) CHlr and Sunday, per yesx 8'? DsJlr and Sunday, six months. ........ 5.00 Sally and Sunday, three months....... 2.55 Sally and Sunday, per month.......... -85 Sally without Sunday, per year......... 7.50 Sally without Sunday, six months..... S.00 Sally without Sunday, three months... 1.85 Sally without Sunday, per month .63 Eunday. per year..... 2.00 Eunday, six months.................... 1.00 Sunday, three months.... .CO BX CARRIER. Sally without Sunday, per week.. ...... .13 Sally, per week. Sunday included .20 THE TVEEKLT OREGONIAM. lssued Every Thursday.) .'Weekly, per year...................... 1.50 ftVeakly. six months .75 ."Weekly, three months 50 HOW TO BEMIX Send postorflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. EASTJKHN BUfalXESS OFFICE. The S. C. Beclcwlth Special Agency New Xork; rooms 43-30 Tribune bulletng. Chi' cs.ro, rooms 510-512 Tribune building. SEPT OS SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex, Postolflce Mews Co.. ITS Dearborn street. Dallas, Tex-Globe Ncwi Depot, 200 Main treet. San Antonio, Tex. Louis Book and Clear Co., 521 East Houston street. Denver Julius Black, Hamilton & Kend rtck, 508-012 Seventeentn street; Harry O. Ott. 1563 Broadway; Pratt Book Store, 1214 Fifteenth street. Colorado Springs, Colo. Howard Ji. BelL Det Molae, la Moses Jacobs, SOD Fifth street. Ouluth, Ixu G. Blackburn. 213 West Su perior street. Goldfleid, T. C Mai one. Kaasas City, Mo Rlckseclcer Clear Co Ninth and TValnut. Log Angeles Harry Srapkln; B. E. Amos. CM West Seventh street. Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh. Bp South Third; L. Regelsburger, 217 First avenue South. Cleveland, O. James Pushaw. SOT Superior street. New York City L. Jones & Co., Astor 2Jouse. Oakland, Cal. TV. H. Johnston. Four teenth and Franklin streets. Ogden F. 71. Godard and Meyers & Har top. D. L. Boyle. Omaha Borkalow Bros.. 1612 Farnam; Mageath Stationery Co.. 1308 Farnam; 11c Laoghlln Bros.. 248 South 14th: McLaughlin Holtx. 1515 Farnam. Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento News Co.. 420 K street. Salt Lake Salt Lake News Co.. 77 "West Second street South; Frank Hutchison. Tellowstone Park, Wyo. Canyon Hotel. Lake Hotel. Tellowstone Park Assn. Lone Beach B. E. Amos. San Francisco J. K. Cooper & Co., 76 Market street; Goldsmith Bros.. 230 Sutter: L. E. Lee. Palace Hotel News Stand; F. "W. Plttt, 1008 Market: Frank Scott. 0 Ellis; N. Wbeatley Movable News Stand, corner Mar ket and Kearney streets; Hotel St. Francis News Stand: Foster & Orear. Ferry News Stand. BU Louis. Mo. E. T. Jett Book & News Company. 806 Olive street. Washington, D. C. P. D. Morrison. 2132 Pennsyl-anla avenue. PORTLAND, FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 1905. A LEADING SUBJECT. Taxation of franchises is not longer to be overlooked in Oregon. Sale of a single street car line franchise in Port land, for six millions of dollars, has brought to the front here a subject which though not new in other states Is new to us. Oregon cannot longer ignore the pol icy of taxation of corporate franchises. They are the most valuable of property. It is the franchise, granted by the state, that gives the value which has been sold recently in Portland for so great a sum. The stock has been sold for this money not the bonds, upon which the lines have been built. The market value of the stock, linked with or based on the franchise, is clear profit. It has cost these people nothing. It is a great property, and must pay tax on the val uation. The greatest properties today in Port land are these corporate franchises. In this little city these properties, which have cost the exploiters nothing at all but the trouble of making charters and working Legislatures, and Interchange of traffic with Common Councils and other city officials, are celling for mil lions upon millions. Greatest of get-rich-quick schemes ever pushed in Ore gon are these. The Assessor takes notice of this spe cies of property and of its value. He calls on the District Attorney for an opinion, and that official holds that these corporate franchises are proper ties, and should be taxed. After the re cent sale he could come to no other con clusion. Oregon has suddenly awakened to the fact, that these corporate privileges have enormous value. Bonds have built the visible property, and the whole market value of the stock is based on the franchise, which itself is a monop oly. Its value, moreover, has been wholly created by the community, and a few individuals have usurped It. We may require, and probably must have, specific statutes, to bring this species of property in Oregon under proper taxation. "We must have a law by which these monopolistic franchises shall be declared property for the pur poses of taxation; and probably the best way to get It would be by direct Initiative petition. It could not be beaten before the people, but might be in the Legislature. For they who hold these privileges our "first families" and "best citizens" will have their hired agents and paid lobbyists in the halls of legislation, to steal bills, work committees, play with normal schools and other local grafts, to defeat Just taxation. The state of this subject Is a forecast of strenuous times in the pol itics and legislation of Oregon. WHAT IS A FRANCHISE? If The Qregonlan possessed a fran chise it would be very right that such franchise should be assessed for taxa tion at its value. But The Oregonian has no franchise. Its owners have no franchise. "When an effort was made two or three years ago in the Legislature to treat the Associated Press as a fran chise monopoly. The Oregonian ex plained at length and in detail the na ture and character of the Associated Press, showed that it .had no public rights, no rights derived from the pub lic, was not a stock organization, made no profits, had no revenues, paid no dividends, but simply was a club com posed of newspapers which exchanged news with each other, and that each member of the club or group of mem bers hired the telegraph companies to carry their news. Seeing, from this pre sentation, that there was not an ele ment of franchise, or monopoly in it, the Legislature of Oregon refused to treat the Associated Press as a common car rier, to regard it as a franchise or prop erty, or to require it to deliver Its news to others than its own members. What does the word franchise mean used in this sense of a property sub ject to taxation? It is defined as "a privilege arising from the grant of & sovereign or government, or from pre scription -which presupposes a grant a privilege of a public nature conferred on Individuals by grant from government." The Associated Press has nothing whatever from government or from the public It is simply an association of persons engaged in the publication of newspapers, who assist each other by collection and exchange of news. The field in which they operate Is open to all who choose to enter it The Associ ated Press therefore is not a franchise concern. It has nothing whatever from the public or from government, and can't be compared in the remotest way with street-car lines, with gas or tele phone companies. There is not an" ele ment of privilege in it, and it has noth ing that is subject to taxation no prop erty, privilege or franchise, no ease ment either of public or private nature, no stock, no money nothing but the activity of its members engaged in col lection and exchange of news with each other. Hence there is nothing in equity or in Justice or in the laws of the land re quiring it to share the Joint product of the activity and enterprise of its mem bers with any person or persons not of the association, nor ever will be. Equally certain it is that there is noth ing in the nature of franchise about it. REPORTING THE MITCHELL TRIAL. The purpose of The Oregonian in printing from day to day a. complete stenographic report of the Mitchell trial is to place all proceedings and all the facts in possession of the public The trial is in Itself an event of great moment. Thaseries of occurrences lead ing up to the present climax has attract ed Immense attention not only In Ore gon, but throughout the United States. There has been great diversity of opin ion as to the merits of the case against Senator Mitchell, and many persons have believed that he has been made an object of persecution by agents of the United States Government. These persons, by reading In The Oregonian a faithful transcript of the testimony, and all of It. will be able to determine finally and forever whether their belief has been well founded. They will learn, too. whether the activity of President Roosevelt and his representatives in probing to the bottom the alleged land frauds and attempting to bring to Jus tice the alleged swindlers and conspira tors has been justified, or whether It has had for its basis a malicious desire to degrade and punish an Important member of the Oregon Congressional delegation. The casual reader of The Oregonian does not. perhaps, understand the enor mous labor involved in this undertak ing on its part. Take the issue of yes terday, for example. The stenographic report alone occupied nineteen columns of closely-set matter (nonpareil), or somewhat more than 26.000 words. The account of the trial, with its descriptive and pictorial features, made a total, in cluding the stenographic report, of twenty-four columns, or approximately 30,000 words. Besides this. The Orego nian contained an unusual volume of important telegraphic and local news, making an aggregate of eighty-four col umns, or somewhat more than 100,000 words. When it is recalled that the President's latest message, which was an exceptionally long document, took up only about thirteen columns of space in The Oregonian, making about 17,000 words, the gigantic task that this news paper has before it may perhaps be fully appreciated. The mechanical achievement is not the only one. To take down in short hand the proceedings of the Mitchell trial and to transcribe the reporters' notes in time for the labor of editing and for typographical composition by The Oregonian is work of exceptional magnitude. Speed, accuracy, intelli gence. Indefatigable Industry and great physical stamina are all necessary In the reporter. These qualities Mr. Sholes. who has undertaken the work, possesses In an eminent degree. When his labors in the courtroom are com pleted, the task of dictating to" a corps of typewriters begins. The rapidity and excellence with which this labor is performed are remarkable, for the copy Is all delivered to The Oregonian before midnight each day. Up to this time, while the great mechanical facili ties of The Oregonian have been se verels tried, they have stood the test, and the paper has gone to press on its regular schedule. The expense of doing these things is cheerfully borne by The Oregonian in the confident expectation that its enterprise will be recognized and its desire to tell the whole truth will be appreciated and vindicated. DECEIVING THE BUND GODDESS. That there has been a miscarriage of Justice in the Santa Fe rebate case is plain. The Atchison, Topeka &. Santa Fe Railroad, of which-Paul Morton was vice-president for a period of nearly two years, directly violated the provis ions of the Elkins law by returning to the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company a heavy rebate on all of the coal shipped by the company over the Santa Fe lines. This rebate was so liberal that all op position in the territory reached by the Colorado company over the lines of the Santa Fe was eliminated. So complete was the extinction of aH semblance to competition with the Colorado company that Secretary Morton is not stretching the truth when he says that It was the only shipper in the field, and conse quently there could be no discrimina tion, i Secretary Morton denies that he was a stockholder In the fuel company at the time It was enjoying these special rates which no other company could eecure. but when the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company was enjoying its great est prosperity, about three years ago, it was noticeable that what Is known in Wall street as the "Santa Fe crowd" were among the big winners by the up turn In the market. If the matter were probed to the bottom, it is not Improb able that It would be found that there were some officials in the railroad com pany who were stockholders in the fuel company. This phase of the matter, however, is not directly connected with the point at issue. It was proven be yond the shadow of a doubt that the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad was guilty of flagrant violation of the Elkins law. Blame for that violation rests with some one In authority In the company. Mr. Morton states that It became necessary to protect a traffic that was worth 51,000.000 per year to the company. No cheap olerk established thai sched ule, which gave to the fuel company such an enormous advantage over its competitors. It surely had the sanction of some one higher In authority than the office boy. This fact was deter mined by the counsel originally em ployed by the Government to probe the matter, and their sentiments in regard to the attempted shifting of the blame are very keenly put In the following language: The evils with which w are now con fronted are corporate Is name, hut individual In tact. Guilt Is always personal. So long as oCctals can hide behind their corpora tion, so remedy can be effective. "When the Government searches est the guilty men and makes corporate wTosyr-deteg mean personal punishment and dUhaner. the laws win be enrerced. 4 If this rule of granting immunity from punishment to the officials of the offending railroad companies is fol lowed in all cases, there will be no pun ishment for any violations of the Elkins law. The excuses offered by Secretary Morton are too thin and transparent to bear the strong light of publicity, and from appearances the President has permitted his zeal in behalf of a per sonal friend and member of his official family to overstep his usually excellent Judgment in such matters. This Santa Fe case will not speedily pass out of public notice, and, like Banquo's ghost, it will reappear to bother some of the friends of the accused men. Mr. Mor ton's vindication Is on a par with that offered by the verdict "Not guilty, but don't do it again." DEATH ON A FAST TRAIN. The terrible disaster which snuffed out more than a score of lives on the Twentieth Century Limited will, for a time, cause the more timid travelers to take passage on slower trains. If it Is proven, as charged, however, that the accident was due to an open switch, it is not clear that much, if any, of the blame for the disaster can be charged up against the high speed of the train. It is noticeable that the loss of life in this latest disaster was smaller than that in a collision on the Western Mary land Railroad a week ago. when the train was moving at only less than half the speed which the Lake Shore's crak train was showing when she hurled so many of her passengers into eternity. It is fully as painful to be killed on a slow train as on a fast one. but the horror of the disaster to the Twentieth Century Limited Is Intensified by con templation of the tremendous speed at which the train was flying. In mention of the Pennsylvania Railroad's fast train in these columns about a week ago. it was stated that "the timid trav eler will experience an involuntary shudder in mentally contemplating the effect should a broken rail, misplaced switch or other cause send this flying mass of hundreds of tons of steel and wood into the ditch with Its human freight." The possibility of such a scene became an actuality much sooner than was expected, but the only new feature in the wreck was the high speed of the train. There were the same burning cars with their pinioned victims dying in awful agony, the crunch and grinding of wood and steel welding into a mass of wreckage, the splintering of glass, the engineer lying dead under his en gine, even the same old misplaced switch that in the past has cost so many lives was alleged to be here in evidence. All these scenes and features have appeared in other tralnwrecks on slower trains, and they win appear again in the future on slow as well as fast trains. If. as the railroad company claims, the switch was turned purposely, no punishment on earth Is too great for the criminal guilty of the deed, and If it was the result of carelessness on the part of an employe, there also should the punishment fit the crime, in order that an example may be afforded to promote vigilance on the part of other employes. LIFE' INSURANCE SOCIETIES. By common consent it is admitted that the new chairman of the Equitable has gone to work In the right way by setting the best experts obtainable to work to ascertain facts as to the ac tual amount and value of the assets, the liabilities, and as to recent manage ment, and its influence on each and all of the foregoing items. Light first, ac tion next. Enough Is known already to set the policy-holders' minds at rest on the main point, the essential stablllty and solvency of the Institution. Whether past management has served to diminish the surplus to any material extent we shall hear In due time It may turn out after all that the eminent gentlemen who handled the funds in manner peculiar to "high finance" and shared their profits with the office which provided the money basis for In vestment or speculation have, in the ultimate summing up, added to the total assets. It is a traditional patent among that class to gain money by trading, and if any one in the United States -had mastered that art. It was the very men who pulled the strings of the transactions of which so much has been heard. Whether such business was legitimate, even decent, for direct ors of an insurance office, handling the aggregate savings of the thrifty and provident multitude, is a far different question. The glamor of successful money-making has an undeniably blinding effect on both the public and on those Immediately interested. Meth ods and customs are thus obscured. In the end, howeverM the yet stronger searchlight of Instructed public opinion dominates the situation, and many doubtful things are made exceedingly plain. To this end the Equitable scan dals have contributed. It is not too much to predict that the day of syndicates and secret agreements among life office directors, at any rate to make personal profits from handling the office funds, is about past. Ex Presldent Cleveland is not the first or the only one to proclaim that the office of director, president or manager of such corporations is about synonymous ylth trustee, and that the handling of trust funds for private gain is not only wrong, but very hazardous, with the door of the penitentiary in sight. "They (or we) all do it." has been the only possible excuse up to date. And what a poor one! How is it to be generally known, from this time on. that insurance offices gen erally are on firm and clean ground? Various states have answered the ques tion by creating Insurance commission ers, charged with the power and duty of investigation and publication. All states might do so. If powers are. not wide enough, they can be extended, for this is a matter In which the states of this Union have undeniable and com plete control. Every corporation has a birthplace and home. Every one knows that a corporation is an artificial per son, created through compliance with the laws and regulations of the state of Its origin which can supervise its creation, control its working, lay down rules for Its management, tax its prof its, fix the conditions of its life, death and burlaL It is difficult, therefore, to acquiesce ln-JPresIdent Roosevelt's sug gestions for National "effective super vision" over "great Insurance corpora tions which do an Interstate business." The comparative word "great" should not govern a question of this kind. The report o Superintendent Hendricks, of the State Insurance Departmcnt-of New York, published on the same day as the President's letter to Mr. Morton, Is good evide'nee that a state officer can deal most effectively with an office like the Equitable, and there are none greater. The other ground for the Pres ident's suggestion seems1 to be the term "interstate" as applied to life insur ance business.- This is also a new de parture. National control over inter state commerce Is reserved in the Con stitution. For reasons of convenience, more, perhaps, than on logical grounds, this reservation has been and is being widely extended. In this all acquiesce. But reasoning by which the ordinary and .legitimate business of the Equita ble, for example, is called "interstate" is hard to follow. The office has its home and habitation and citizenship In the State of New York, where, Its busi ness both originates and centers. That the State of New York through Its com missioner can supervise, through Its courts can control and restrain, through Its laws can govern, i3 being demon strated now. New York has no wider powers than any state In this Union. Let the states 'do their work first. If they fail so to do. and their failure is essential, not accidental, it will be time to consider how far "behind the state stands the Nation." Parm aloe's 'bus line has carried mil lions of people across the City of Chi cago, where for years the owner of the line had practically a monopoly of the business of the. railroads and hotels. Having this monopoly, Parmalee natur ally at times charged a dollar for a 50 oent ride, and by Industry and frugality accumulated a fortune of 5400.000. But few of the men who paid Parmalee a dollar for the 50-cent rides will now regret it when they read of the dispo sition of the fortune left by the 'bus magnate. AH of the money Is left In a trust fund, and the net income is to be devoted to the purchase of food and fuel for poor and needy families. Here is an example which other rich men of Chicago could follow without jeopardiz ing the opinion in which they are held by the public The degree of LL. D. was conferred by direction of the board of trustees of Pacific University last Wednesday upon Mayor George H. Williams, of this city, and Governor George E. Chamberlain. The honor is prized by the recipients as coming wholly without their knowledge of its intent, and further because of the fact that this old and honored uni versity Is not prodigal of favors in this line. Governor Chamberlain was pres ent and made happy and appreciative response to the honor conferred. Mayor Williams, serenely unconscious of the honor that the day held for him, was at the time presiding over a prosaic meeting of the Common Council. Many regrets were expressed at his absence upon an occasion that brought him a title at once dererved and unsought. An old-fashioned picnic was held a few days ago In a grove on the banks of the Rlckreall. In Polk County, near the old home of Senator Nesmlth. Of course every one had an enjoyable time. The old-time picnics "that our infancy knew" have never been sur passed as a means of wholesome, healthful enjoyment for body and souL Old and young find refreshment and ln vlgoration In a. day of relaxation In the shady coolness of a Willamette Valley grove, where the purity of the water dispels all thought of other drink and the bountiful spread of home-made'eat-ables puts all bakeshops to shame. Good- cheer without limit prevails on such occasions: new friendships are formed and old ones renewed. An automobile stage is running be tween Salem and Independence, making the run of twelve miles in an hour and fifteen minutes. Two round trips a day is the service given. A smooth-surfaced road with curves reduced would make great increase in speed possible, and would reduce the amount of power needed as well as the wear and tear sustained. Perhaps the experiment be tween Salem and Independence will show that interurban auto lines are practicable and that Interurban electric railway lines cannot successfully com pete therewith. The trial of the horse less stage will be watched with inter est. The sugar trust lopped off 10 cents per hundred on the price of sugar yes terday. The decline, coming at. a time when there is an unusual demand for' the great staple for preserving pur poses, would have been somewhat mys tifying had people failed to remember that the trust Is beginning to feel the alleged necessity for crushing out the competition of an independent company j which is widening its swath in the Pa- cific Coast field. A decline in the price as an evidence of generosity on the part of the skillful manipulators who control such a large share of the world's supply of "those Important commodities. Dilapidated flags, whether on school houses, public buildings, stores or dwellings should be replaced with new bunting. This is a season when Port land should not show neglect. And speaking of flags, the one that sur mounts the 200-foot staff Is too smalL If the dove of peaec should land in Washington, which all of us hope, there will be little danger of injury from the American Eagle. ' He is big and strong and willing to fight, but he never will start a row with a peaceful one of his kind. The Washington Post says Chicago is a very decent place between strikes. Whenever a newspaper of high charac ter like our Washington contemporary makes an assertion of this sort, it should simultaneously produce the proof. The undented statement that G rover Cleveland has bought an automobile, taken In connection with his trusteeship of the Equitable, may be taken as good evidence that he has- retired from poli tics. At this .distance it looks as if Messrs. Hyde and Alexander when they went into their holes pulled the holes In after them. This is the season when the school house janitor feels the Joy of freedom; also the pupil and the teacher. 0REG0N0Z0NL A Ballad or Batter. ; Mary had a little goat: It followed her to school; UtUe Mary didn't know't ' Was dead against the rule. All the children laughed and played To see the capers cut By a goat that stayed and stayed Of childish pranks the butt.' When that little goat had been In school an hour, about. After having butted In. Why, then it butted out. The public is informed through the col umns of an enterprising horticultural jour nal that the raised bottom in the straw berry box "is a decided advantage in pro tecting the top layer of berries in the box .beneath." and does not exist merely for the purpose of enabling the dealer to palm oft a short box on the buyer. This is a sufficient explanation so far as tho straw berry box is concerned, but it does not elucidate the raised bottom In the soda pop bottle. One of the unfathomable mysteries of commerce lies in the fact that when a 10-cent cigar becomes "the. beat seller In the world" its quality declines to the 5-cent grade. Miss Adelaide Clifford, an actress In De Wolf Hopper's "Wang" company, has won a verdict of $200) for damages received while she was walking the ties on the Denver & Rio Gran do Railroad. The evi dence showed that Miss Clifford was not counting ties in the time-honored manner of the peripatetic Thespian hitting the tie. trail for home after a barnstorming Wat erloo, but merely walked along the track to reach a station after the trainmen In formed her that the train was not going farther. Nevertheless, the verdict should send a thrill of hopeful anticipation through the surging breast of the lean and hungry "Cassius, the melancholy Ham let and the jolly Second Gravc-DIgger, who heretofore have faced the future with foreboding and have entertained gravo doubts as to whether their soles could stand the strain. Chambermaids and bellboys at Portland hotels are hereby informed that If they will keep their eyes wide open next week they may learn something greatly to their, advantage. The members of the National Editorial Association are coming. Mr. Wlliam A. Ashbrook. corresponding sec retary of that select coterie of multl-miU lionairea, left 5S00O in paper money in his apartments at a St. Louis hotel last week when he departed to Join his editorial brethren- Through the carelessness of the chambermaid. Mr. William Miller, a brother editor, was permitted to find tho 5X00. which he restored to Mr. Ashbrook. but In his zeal to restore the money he left J1S.C00 in his topcoat pocket, lyingvon a seat in the first section of the train, which he missed. There are several hun dred of these opulent editors, and their money will be good here In Oregon, even if It is made of such flimsy material that they can carry 51S.CC0 of it In one pocket and forget that they have It. "All's Well That Ends Well." He was a Harvard Junior, and he knew , his Latin and Greek. And she was a little simpleton who lived down there by the creek; And ho was handsome and winning, and, though learned, not overwise. And she had hair of billowed gold and heaven's blue for eyes. He was spending his last vacation, and hi stayed up there at the house. And he eeemed to like the girl from the first, though she was shy as a mouse: But the pair went fishing together (she lived, you know, by the creek) And men are sometimes 'wlfehing, and women are sometimes weak! And so it happened that never a college vacation passed Through such delightful byways, nor sped the days so fast; And when September came again and he had to say "Good-bye," Th,ere was a tear on a maiden's cheek that would grace an angel's eye. Til come, my sylvan sorceress," he said, as bo pressed her hand. With other hlfalutin' words that she couldn't understand; And I felt as I saw that parting that Fate once more had frowned And in the colls of a treacherous love a trusting heart bad wound. She waited all through the Autumn and all through the Winter's storm. And all through the April showers and the Maydays mild and warm; But still her lover was absent. "He com- eth not." she said; "Alas! I am aweary, aweary! I would that I were dead!" You see, he had taught her Tennyson, and also Pope and Poe. And many another thing of note that a a scholar's wife should know; But still sho was sweet and simple, .and still she was trusting and true. And still she believed that her Harvard man would come again to woo. And be came at last on the rarest day that ever was born to June. With a bachelorhood diploma and a Bos ton soo-veneer spoon Cama back again to the neighborhood he'd lived in all his life. And settled down on his father's farm and made the girl his wife! ROBERTUS LOVE. England's Money. The Income tax in Great Britain is levied on J3,50d,300.000 af annual in come, and produces 5155.000,000 of reve nue for the government. If Gibsen Bowles is right in saying that only one-third of the National in come pays the tax, the total of Incomes of the United Kingdom must be 510. 500.000,000, a sum almostlnconcelvable. Tnat Is only 5244 a year for each person. If it wero equally divided. It isn't. Less than 750,000 persons, have more than half the total income. From money lnvseted abroad alone Great Britain's capitalists probably re ceive 51.200,000,000 a year of income, thought no one can tell exactly. It Is probable that too total of pri vate incomes, great and small, in tho United States Is over 525,000.000.000, though the sum cannot be so closely estimated as In the island kingdom. Refused Their Money. New York Evening Sun. Sam Hey. a saloonkeeper who had kept a place In Bradford, England, and died the other day, would give workmen only one drink on payday till they had been home. He used to say: "Ton must go home and give your wife your wages. You may then come back and hive an other drink when you have washed your self and brushed up." The English work man does not clean up before leaving his workshop. HOW ASSOCIATED PRESS WORKS FOR NEWS AaiMactatat from Nctt YorU or Pope Lee's Death a Weria Beat" ef First XaipUtade- LIsltalHs; Moves for Supremacy Pelata em CcmsorsUp. Melville E. Stone In July Centurr. On tho afternoon of September 6, 1901. worn out by a long period of exacting labor, I set out for Philadelphia, with the purpose of spending a few days at Atlan tic City. When I reached the Broad Street Station in the Quaker City. I was startled by a number of policemen crying my name. I stepped up to one. who pointed to a boy with an urgent message for me. President McKInley had been shot at Buffalo, and my presence was re quired at our Philadelphia office at once. A message had been sent to me at Tren ton, but my train had left the station precisely two minutes ahead of its ar rival. Handing my baggage to a notel porter, I Jumped into a cab and dashed away to our office. I remained there un til dawn of the following morning. The opening pages of the story of the assassination wfre badly written, and I ordered a substitute prepared. An in experienced reporter stood beside Presi dent McKlnley In the Music Hall at Buf falo when CzoIgosJlred the fatal shot. He seized a neighboring telephone and notified our Buffalo correspondent, and then pulled out the wires. In order to render the telephone a wreck, so that It was a full half hour before any addition al details could be secured. I ordered competent men and expert telegraph op erators from Washington, Albany, New York and Boston to hurry to Buffalo by the fastest trains. All that night the Buf falo office was pouring forth a hastily written but faithful and complete account of the tragedy, and by daybreak a relief force was on the ground. Day by day, through the long vigil while the Presi dent's life bung in tho balance, each In cident was truthfully and graphically re ported. In the closing hours of the great tragedy false reports of the President's death were circulated for the purpose of Influencing the stock market, and. to counteract them. Secretary Cortelyou wrote frequent "signed statements, giving the facta to the Associated Press. 1 The illness and death of the late Pope constituted another event which called for news gathering ability of a high or der. Preparations had been made long in advance. Conferences were held with the Italian officials and with the authori ties at the Vatican, all looking to the establishment of relations of such inti macy as to jruarantee us the news. We had treen notified by the Italian Minister of Telegraphs tfiat. because of the strain ed relations existing between his govern ment and the papal court he should for bid the transmission of any telegrams announcing the Pope's death for two hours after the fatal moment. In order that Cardinal Rampolla might first no tify the papal representatives in foreign counties. This was done as a gracious act of courtesy to the church. To meet the emergency we arranged a code message to be sent by all cable lines, which should be addressed, not to the Associated Press, but to the general manager In person, and should read: LONG NEWSPAPER SERVICE. St. Louis Globe Democrat. Seldom does anybody's connection with any activity last halt a century, but Henry R. Davis, in the various capa cities from carrier up to business man ager, has been part of the Providenco Journal for that length of time, and that paper has Issued a book telling of it and giving a sketch of itself during the past five decade. This is ,a remark able recprd, and recalls the fact that Senator Joseph R. Hawley. who died a few weeks ago, was odltorially connect ed with the Hartford Courant for forty five years, except during his service in the army in the War of the Rebellion. Senator Anthony had a similar' relation to the Providence Journal for nearly as long a time. Ex-Senator Chandler, of Now Hampshire, has a newspaper con nection extending over several decades. Instances of long newspaper service can be found outside of New England also. Horace Greeley was editor of tho New York Tribune from its foundation in 1S41 to his nomination for President in 1572, or thirty-one years. This wa3 considered at the time a notably long record, but it has been beaten in dura tion by his successor. Whltclaw Reld became editor in 1S72 and continued at the head of the paper until his selection as minister to England a few weeks ago, a period of thirty-three years. He was a member of the editorial staff of the paper for four or five years before he became its efiltor-ln-chlef. Henry Wal terson has been editor of the Courier Journal for much more than a generation. The Portland Oregonian has had H. W. Scott for its editor for forty years. For forty years Crosby S. Noyes has been editor of the Washington Star. For over half a century, as boy and man, Daniel M. Houser, the head of the Globe Democrat, has been connected with this paper and Its progenitors. .The longest connection with a single newspaper which we ever heard of was that of William Durant, who, at the time of his death, two years ago. as treasurer of the Boston Transcript Com pany, had been associated with that pa per for seventy years; William E. Cra mer, at. his death the other day, had been editor of the Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin since its establishment by him in 1S17, or fifty-eight years, which almost breaks all the records among heads of dally newspapers. The only instance beating- It which we recall at this mo ment is that of Alfred E. Burr, who had been editor of the Hartford Times for almost sixty years. For two-thirds of a century the Springfield (Mass.) Republic an has been under the control of a Sam uel Bowles, the present head being the grandson of the founder. For seventy years the New York Herald has been un der the proprietorship and general direc tion of a James Gordon Bennett, father and son. the present Bennett being in control thirty-three years. Yankee Inveatlre: Lipplncott's. In a little Massachusetts town lives a man who for two causes enjoys death less local fame. For one thing, he is the only native of the place who has been to Europe; and heK moreover, per formed while there the ensuing feat, which the neighbors still recount with breathless admiration: While In Rome the New Englander was shown a certain shrine before which burned a solitary taper. "That taper," explained the guide In machine-built English, "that taper he has burned before this shrine 700 years. He a miraculous taper. Never he has been ex tinguish. For seven long century that taper has miraculously burn before our shrine and not once has he been what you call "put out.' " The Yankee viewed the miracle-candle In silence for a full minute. Then, leaning slowly forward, he extinguished the flame with one mighty "puff." Turning with a triumphant chuckle to the scandalized and speechless guide, he announced calmly: "Wa'al, it's aout now!" Dogs and Snake Bites. New York American. Proof of the old assertion that dogs know the remedy for every poison they are heir to was furnished in part by Joseph Gaughler's canine pet. near Maple Grove, Lehigh County. The pet in question was bitten pn the heel by a deadly copperhead and thendisap peared. Hours later the dog was found half buried in the oozy soli of a swamp a mile or so from home. He remained In that position for about a day; when he returned home .apparently none the (.worse for- his deadly snake-bite. "Number of missing bond, . (Signed) Montefiore." Thl3 bore on its face no reference to the death of the Pontiff, and would be transmitted. The blank was to be filled with the hour and mo ment of the Pope's death, reversed. That Isy if he died at 2:53 the message would read: "Melstone. New York, Number of missing bond. 32. (Signed) Montefiore." The object of reversing the figures was. of course, to prevent a guess that it was a deception In order to convery the news. If the hour had been properly written they might have suspected the purport of the message. When finally the Pope died, although his bed was completely surrounded by burning candles, an attendant hurried from the room into an ante-room and called for a candle to pass before the lips of the dying man. to determine whether he still breathed. This was the signal for another attache, who stepped to the telephone and announced to our correspondent, two miles away, that the Pope was dead. Unfortunately the hour of his death was four minutes past 4. so that whichever way It was written, whether directly or the reverse, It was 404. Nevertheless the figures were inserted in the blank In the bulletin which had been prepared, it was filed with the tele graph company, and it came through to New York in exactly nine minutes from the moment of death. It was relayed at Havre, and again at the terminal of the French Cable Company In New York, whence it came to our office on a short wire. The receiving operator there shout ed the news to the entire operating room of the Associated Press, and every man on every key on every circuit out of New York flashed the" announcement that the Pope had died at four minutes past 4: so that the fact was known in San Fran cisco within eleven minutes after its oc currence. The Reuter, Havas and Wolff agents located In our office in New York re transmitted the announcement to Lon don. Paris and Berlin, giving those cities the first news of tho event. A comparison of the report of the London Times with that of any morning paper in the United States on the day following the death of the Pope would show that both as to quantity and quality our report was vastly superior. The London Tlmejs had a column and a half; the New York Times had a page of the graphic story of the scea.es in and about the Vatican. The New York Times story was ours. This was so notable an event that it oc casioned comment throughout the wor!4. , Seven hundred newspapers, represent ing everj conceivable view of every pub lic question, sit in judgment upon the Associated Press dispatches. A repre sentative of each of these papers has a vote In the election of the management. Every editor is jealously watching1 every line of the report. It must be obvious that any .serious departure from an hon est and impartial service would arouse a storm of Indignation which would over whelm any administration. LOSS WASJ5REATER. Army and Navy Journal. From the archives of tho Confederacy on deposit in the War Department, the Military Secretary. Major-General Ains worth, has brought to light some inter esting data concerning the commanders of the Confederate forces in the field In the fateful days of 1S61-63. Deducting 11 names of officers who did not qualify for one reason or another, we have in this list 415 Generals, and the records given show that of these 74 were killed or mortally wounded in action, or 13 per cent- Thls is a very striking showing when we recall the almost entire immunity of the Russian and Japanese armies fighting in Manchuria from fatal casualties to general officers. We recall but one who has been reported killed in battle In the Far East, and if there are others they must bo very few; whereas the percent age of casualties among the general of ficers of the Confederacy are far In ex cess of the percentage of casualties among the rank and file of tho Russian and Jap anese armies as given by General Bliss, who has the best of facilities for learning the facts. No less than 23 general officers of the Confederacy were killed in battle during the 11 months of campaigning and the eight months of fighting commencing with Grant's Battle of the Wilderness and ending with Appomattox. Ten Brigadier Generals of the Union Army were also killed during this campaign, besides 13 Colonels commanding brigades, six ot them at Cold Harbor alone. At Franklin seven Confederate Generals were killed, and during Sherman's campaign five, the Union Army losing three. At Gettysburg five Confederate and five Union Generals were killed, ten in all. besides three Union Colonels commanding brigades. At Fredericksburg two Union and two Con federate Generals were killed. In all. the Union Army lost In killed or mortally wounded E0 general officers, 23 brevet Brigadier-Generals and 34 Colonels com manding brigades. Taking the proportion as one killed to 4.52 wounded, this would indicate that 407 Confederate Generals were killed or ' wounded out of a total of 415. Probably, however, the general officers were the se lected victims of the sharpshooters, who shot to kill. In one regiment of the Civil War, subjected to the ordinary casualties of battle, the First Minnesota at Gettys burg. 23 per cent of those engaged wero killed and S2 per cent were killed and wounded. In 42 other regiments the per- centage of killed in different battles was. , 18 or more. The ratio of killed to wounded in 56 battles of the Civil War was 1 to 4.S varying between 1 to 3 at Williams burg and 1 to G.7 at Arkansas Post. Tha, average among the regular troops was 1 to 4.52. The mortally wounded equaled per cent of those killed outright. In the German army during the war with France the proportion was 61per cent. Secretary John Hay, Poet. The stanzas below, entitled "Humil ity," are frm the pen of John Hay, better known as diplomat, editor and historian, than as a poet. The verses were written for the World's Christian Endeavor Convention at Washington a few years ago, but have just found en during place, being chosen now as one of the hymns In the new "Hymns of Worship and Service": Lord! from far-severed climes -we come I To Tneet at last In Thee, our Home. inou wno nasi Deen onr truiae and. guard Be still our hope, our rich reward. Defend us. Lord, from every ill. Strengthen ourhearta to do Thr will. In all we plan and all we do Still keep us to Thy service true. O let us hear the Inspiring word Which they of old at Horeb heard; Breaths to our hearts the high command. "Go onward and possess the land." Thou who art Light, shine on each soul! Thou who art Truth, each mind control! Opes oar- eyes and make us see The path which leads to heaven and Thesl A Stage Farmer Puck. Grinnand Barrett. Hamfatter has Just bought a farm. E. Forest Fro3t. Does he know any- ' thing about farming? Grinnand Barrett. Lord, yes! Why, he played in "The Old Homestead" and "Way Down East" for years. SIHes Under the Spot Light. Pittsburg Dispatch. General Miles' campaign for Governor of Massachusetts will enable the Nation to Judge the truth of the long-standing charge that he is a politician.