THE HORSiyG OffiE0DyiAy, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1904
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TESTERDA Y S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature. 42 deg.; minimum, 39. Precipitation,
0.38 ltfch.
TODAY'S WEATHERA)ccasienal rain;
southerly winds.
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, FEB. 13, 1001.
INTERVENTION IN SANTO DOJIINGO.
Recent events make it clear that soon
or late the United States will be obliged
to Interfere In the affairs of Santo Do
mingo. During the recent Venezuela
difficulty the European powers Inti
mated pretty plainly that if the United
States would not police the Republics
of Central and South America, Haytl
and Santo Domingo, they would be
obliged to do so. This was not offi
cially expressed, but the press of Eu
rope said the Monroe Doctrine carried
responsibilities as well as benefits with
1L If the United States will not allow
Europe to intervene in the affairs of
these republics to suppress chronic dis
order and establish a stable govern
ment, then Europe has a right to expect
tha. the United States will discharge J
aw jiui'wcu jespuusiuuuy ior Keeping,
the peace in Caribbean countries. This
plea on the part of Europe Is well put
and cannot honorably be treated with
indifference if we expect the powers of
Europe to continue religiously t re
spect the Monroe Doctrine.
Secondly, It Is absolutely necessary to
the security of the Nicaragua Canal
that the United States should obtain
naval domination of the Caribbean Sea.
To this end the possession of the Bay
of Samana, in Santo Domingo, has for
fifty years been a subject of negotia
tion, off and on, between the Domini
can government and the United States
authorities. In 1864, under the Demo
cratic Administration of Franklin
Pierce. Captain George B. McClellan
was sent by the War Department to
study the military advantages of this
harbor and his report was enthusias
tically favorable. Under resolutions of
Congress, approved January 2, 1871,
President Grant sent three commission
ers to Santo Domingo. The real object
of this commission's inquiry was Sa
mana Bay. A great majority of the re
public had asked the United States to
annex Santo Domingo. The report of
th commission was favorable, but
Congress failed to take action on the
report, and the scheme was bitterly
opposed by Charles Sumner and Carl
Schurz in the United States Senate be
cause they were personally hostile to
President Grant and because they were
both bitter anti-expansionists.
Schurz, who survives. Is of the same
faith today, and while Sumner Is dead.
It Is safe to say that his disembodied
spirR, whether it fled to bliss or wde,
is still opposed to the expansion of
heaven or the enlargement of hades.
But President Grant was right," as he
always was in matters of' large National
consequence. As Mayor "Williams once
said of him. that while in small things
he was a commonplace man. -Grant in
large affairs was a large man. He had
an intensely practical mind, as all sound
soldiers have had; lie was prompt to
urge the Nicaragua Canal; he saw the
vicious quality of the intlation bill and
vetoed it He vetoed the equalization
of bounties bill, pointed out the vast
future importance of our trade with
China and the desirability of our coun
try keeping on good terms with that
country, and set forth the value of the
Bay of Samana as a great American
naval station in the West Indies.
Grant saw that we were sure to be
come a great naval power, because he
felt sure we would build the Nicaragua
Canal. If we built It we must be pre
pared to defend it; we could not-defend
It without a powerful navy, and that
navy could not control and dominate
the Caribbean Sea without a great
naval station and ample harbor like
Samana, Bay. which, considered strate
gically or commercially. Is the most ad
vantageous position in the West Indies.
It Is thirty miles long by about ten
wide: Is capable of accommodating the
largest fleets and ships of the greatest
draft; the entrance to the bay Is
narrow, but free from rocks and shoals;
this bay commands the Mona passage,
the most important avenue from the
Atlantic to the Caribbean. As a naval
station Samana Bay would surpass In
strength and importance the combined
naval stations of Great Britain at Ber
muda. St. Lucia and Barbadoes. In
1ST4 Samana Bay was formally ceded
to a private United States corporation,
but a year later all rights of the com
pany lapsed for nonpayment of rent.
An American military and naval com
mission ought to be able to secure to
the United States this Santo Domingo
harbor, by wfaleh the United States
could become the dominant naval pawer
in the Caribbean Sea. If the United
States cannot obtain this by present
negotiation, it would- naturally enough
follow our intervention to restore order
in both divisions of the island that is
Inevitable soon or late.
A few months ago, when a German
cralser destroyed & rebel Haytlan gun
boat for robbing a German merchant
vessel of a supply of arms, Europe ex
pressed surprise that the United States
permitted chronic anarchy to prevail in
this island. The United States needs
Samana Bay and St. Thomas harbor
to. complete our strategical advantage
for defending the main approaches to
the Caribbean Sea. the Gulf of Mexico
and the Panama Canal in case of war.
We could doubtless obtain a long lease
of Samana Bay, and It Is desirable to
do so, because Europe expects us to
police all these "turbulent anarchical
little republics, and If we neglect this
duty Europe may Insist on performing
It, and then the Monroe Dootrlne would
draw us Into strife. Within the last
twenty months six of these turbulent
little republics have had serious revolu
tions. We cannot afford to permit
Latin-American adventurers to use the
Monroe Doctrine as a mask for dishon
est dealings with Europe, and our Gov
ernment has aiready Informed them
-that It will not stand between them and
punishment for misconduct. But the
United States cannot expect Europe to
respect the Monroe Doctrine unless we
police and keep decent order In these
Latin-American States with whom In
termittent revolution has become a pop
ular recreation. Santo Domingo is the
nearest neighbor of our Porto Rico,
and Hayti Is distant but a few miles
from Cuba. These black republics rep
resent the lowest civilization in the
Western Hemisphere. The United
States will be compelled, soon or late,
to police this island of Hayti and com
pel the establishment of reasonable or
der and a stable form of government.
OUK DUTIES AS NEUTRALS.
The President's declaration of neu
trality serves to draw attention to the
change of naval warfare from a free-for-all,
rough-and-tumble scrap Into a
fight under rules as binding as those
that keep green the fame of a certain
Marquis of Queensberr. In former
days, when nations were at war, all the
ships on both sides took part in the
fighting. When Spain and England
struggled for oversea commerce and
dominion, it was enough for the Span
iard that a vessel flew St. George's
cross, and the English skipper looked
upon a vessel displaying the "blood and
gold" colors as his lawful prey. In
later daysthe -merchant vessel pursued
her way as peacefully as the "acts of
God or of the King's enemies" would
permit She carried a few guns so that
she might not prove too tempting a
quarry for the enemy's privateers,
which had become the licensed free
booters of the sea. After the downfall
of Napojeon there was no great naval
fighting, and the sentiment, which had
been steadily growing In favor of limit
ing fighting to regular combatant
forces found Its first expression In an
order-in-council made by Great Britain
In 1854 at the beginning of the Crimean
War. In this order-in-council Great
Britain agreed to "waive her maritime
rights" and to do away with privateer
ing. Two years later the Declaration of
Paris bound the signatory nations to
abolish privateering, an agreement that
has now been made by every nation
except the United States, Spain and
Mexico. The declaration embodied these
four points:
The abotttlon of jwlvatoerlng.
A neuttpJ flap covers an enemy's goo4-ei-cept
contraband).
Neutral goods (except contraband) are safe
in an enemy's ship.
Blockades must be effective.
The United States did not join in .this
declaration, not because it did not" ap
prove of the proposals, but because It
did not consider them far-reaching
enough. It was held by our authorities
that all private property at sea should
be exempt from capture. The principles
of the Declaration, however, have been
followed in every war since 1856, Includ
ing the Civil War, and thus fighting is
now confined to the navies of belliger
ents. This, of course, will render na
tions anxious to make fast merchant
vessels part of the navy as a means of
sweeping the enemy's flag from the
seas.
The United States has been generally
recognizedas the steadfast champion of
the rights of neutrals. In the Presi
dent's proclamation he cites the pro
visions of the law of 1818, which Is prac
tically a re-enactment of a law passed
In 1794. One of the most Important pro
visions therein Is that prohibiting; the
"Increasing or augmenting" of the force
of any war vessel belonging to a bel
ligerent that may enter United States
waters. How advanced Is the view
taken by this law is shown by the
fact that the British law of neutrallty
is declared by so eminent a parliamen
tarian as Sir William Vernon Harcourt
to be a transcript of the American.
It Is the duty of a neutral power to
use due vigilance in enforcing the laws
regarding neutrality. It is thus the
duty of the United States Government
to prevent as noted in the Presidential
proclamation Americans from assist
ing In raising forces in American ter
ritory for Japan or Russia; to prevent
vessels suitable for warfare from being
fitted out in American waters, and
generally to prevent aid being afforded
one side or the other from American
territory- Laxity in carrying out these
obligations would render the Nation
liable for the resulting damages, as evi
denced by the Alabama case.
The recognized international usage
regarding coal Is the most Important
development of later years. The pos
session of frequent coaling stations has
become an absolute necessity to the
country that would wage a naval war
fare far from Its home ports. The use
of colliers at sea furnishes a precarious
method of overcoming the lack of coal
ing stations, but heavy weather would
render the colliers unavailable and the
ships of war would be likely to find
themselves adrift and helpless. Already
In the present war a Russian ship has
found herself caught at Port Said, and
was allowed In accordance with the
usage laid down In the President's
proclamation coal enough to take her
to her nearest home port The rumors
that the Baltic fleet Is to be sent to the
East may be taken with more than a
grain of salt Lack of coal would stop
the ships before they had reached the
Suez Canal.
In matter of financial endurance of
the strain of war, European authorities
agree that while Russia has always a
shallow army chest compared with
Great Britain, Germany or France,
nevertheless that Russia's purse is
longer than Japan's; that she could
pay after Japan was bankrupt Even
If the Russians lost control of the sea.
they could leave Port Arthur to defend
Itself for months, which It could easily
do, and force the Japanese to attack
them In Manchuria. The Russians, af
ter garrisoning Port Arthur and Vladi
vostok and guarding the Manchurlan
railways, could perhaps oppose 155,030
good troops to the Japanese army of
2W.W0 regulars. The Yalu River Val
ley and the Liao Tung Peninsula would
probably be the scene of the earlier
land operations. The Russians 'could
fall back. If necessary, along the rail
road to the north, disputing the Japan
ese advance. Manchuria contains 362.
000 square miles; It Is S00 miles from
Port Arthur to Amur River. The Rus
sians could fight a defensive campaign
along that whole distance. The Cos
sacks as effective mounted soldiers are
superior to the Japanese cavalry, which
is so weak and Inferior as to be almost
worthless. In a short, sharp war the
Japanese might succeed against a Rus
sian army o.f not more than equal num
bers; but if it Is to be a long-drawn-out
contest, Russia can get plenty of men
and she has a longer purse than Japan.
A nation or the resources of Russia,
even when her finances are in a bad
condition, can obtain money and credit
longer than a nation like Japan. Japan
is not only a comparatively small coun
try, but a very poor country, and she
has been obliged to tax her people al
ready up to the limit to organize her
army and navy and modernize her gov
ernment. Japan cannot possibly stand
the strain of a long war as well as Rus
sia unless she were able to Imitate Na
poleon and make war support war.
Russia Is like a rich man deeply In
debt but the possessor of undeveloped
resources so large and rich and various
that he is never without credit;- but
Japan is like a poor man that has lived
up to 'his means and Is not likely to be
any richer In the near future.
CITE THEM TIME.
It Is likely that one of the colonies of
Bpers who are looking for homes in the
United States will be located In Montana-
General Gideon Joubert has been
In that state for some time, "spying out
the land," and thinks favorably of a
section In the western part of Valley
County, where sufficient land In one
body can be secured to accommodate
a colons- of 500 homeseekers. There Is
a generous disposition to welcome these
people to Montana. The list of Boer
characteristics includes Industry, hon
esty and love of liberty qualities that
are essential to good citizenship. Fur
thermore, the Boer is said to abhor debt
and to love home. While in point of
fact the Boers know little about home
In the American sense of that term. It
Is urged that they will In a few years
through contact with American life and
Its institutions develop the homebulld
Ing faculty and leave the traditions of
the African veldt as well as Its noisome
habitations behind them.
This will be less true in colony life,
with Its clannish tendencies and rela
tive excluslveness, than It would be in
Individual life In American communi
ties. It will take several generations
to infuse through colony life, in which
the hablt3 and traditions of the people
will be embalmed, so to speak, the at
mosphere of free and progressive Amer
ican homes. However, since colonies of
these. people will no doubt settle In
various sections of the country, it Is
well to take the philosophical and even
an optimistic view of the matter, which
Is embodied In the assurance, as voiced
by the Montana Record, that the Boers
will make good customers for the mer
chants, good neighbors, good friends
and eventually good citizens.
If they are content to be farmery
stockralsexs nnd hom.ebyilders for a
term of years, eschewing all political
ambition, all intermeddling with mat
ters of government, until they come to
understand and appreciate our Institu
tions, especially our public school sys
tem and our guarantee of freedom In
religious, matters, they will eventually
stand for good citizenship In its broader
significance. Give these people time
and It will take time to outgrow their
narrow Ideas of liberty; to learn from
observation and from, contact with a
growing people that growth Is a vital
principle, without which life becomes
mere gross existence, and to expand
the idea of a shelter and an abiding
place into that of home in Its enlight
ened sense, and they will become Amer
icans In reality and remain Boers only
In memory.
LOCAL OPTION FOR SALOONS.
Voters of Oregon will decide at the
general election In June whether this
state shallhave a local option liquor
law. Upon the petition of over 8000
qualified electors, .a local option law
has been proposed by Initiative, and
the measure will be enacted or rejected
by the people without any action what
ever upon the part of the Legislature.
A majority of all votes cast upon that
subject will determine the result, and
In this respect the election will differ
from those In which constitutional
amendments have been submitted to
the people by the Legislature. In or
der to adopt a constitutional amend
ment a majority of all the votes cast
at the election was required, so that a
ballot not marked upon the subject sub
mitted counted as a negative vote. In
elections under the initiative and refer
endum, whether upon laws or constitu
tional amendments, only a majority of
the ballots marked upon the subject
submitted is necessary.
The proposed local option law pro
vides that upon petition of 10 per cent
of the legal voters of any county, sub
division of a county or precinct, "She
County Clerk shall submit to a vote b
the people the question whether the
sale of intoxicating liquors shall be
prohibited In such county or subdivis
ion. Two or more precincts may make
up a subdivision of a county. Elections
under the local option law are to be
held on the first Monday in June of
any year, but in 1904 may be held in
connection with the Presidential elec
tion In November. When the prohibi
tion question has been once settled In
the affirmative It cannot be submitted
again for two years. Violation of the
law Is made punishable by fine of from
?6 to 5500, or imprisonment from ten
to 30 days, and by both fine and Impris
onment for second or subsequent of
fenses. Circuit Judges and District At
torneys are required to see that the law
is enforced, and peace officers are au
thorized to proceed under search war
rants to search for evidence of viola
tion of the law. Persons who purchase
intoxicating liquors are declared to be
competent witnesses.
The measure thus briefly outlined Is
an Important one, for, if enacted, elec
tions will be held in every county in
the state under Its provisions. This Is
not In Itself a prohibitory law, but Is
a measure Intended to give to the peo
ple ef each precinct or county the
power to say whether the liquor traffic
shall be conducted In such political sub
division. It is a step In the direction of
prohibition, and, In a measure, opens
up the whole saloon question. There
remain over three months In which- the
proposed law may be discussed, and In
that time every voter can and should
prepare to vote intelligently upon the
matter when submitted to him next
June. Copies of the law will be placed
In the hands, of County Clerks for free
distribution early next month, and It Is
understood that a vigorous campaign
will be conducted In favor of the enact
ment of the law. The fact that in two
weeks over 8000 voters signed petitions
asking that the law be submitted 13
alone sufficient to entitle the proposed
law to a careful and fair considera
tion. That the law will meet strong oppo
sition Is certain, for it opposes some
heavy personal interests and Is also re
garded by some temperance people as
not being an expedient measure. Local
option laws have been enacted In sev
eral other states with results beneficial
or detrimental according to the opinion
of the man who makes an argument
In the campaign which will soon begin
there should be an effort to get at the
facts rather than prejudiced opinions.
The friends of the local option law owe
it to the voters to submit facts showing
results In other states. Opponents of
the law will have but a weak argument
if they make the sweeping assertion
that prohibition has been a failure in
Maine or Kansas -ivithout taking into
account the difference between prohibi
tion and local option. The question at
issue Is one upon which honest, reason
able men may differ In opinions, and
the discussion should be conducted with
that fact In mind".
Sir Henry Blake found, in the course
of hl3 efforts to stamp out the plague
In Hong Kong, that the Chinese are a
Vlly people and averse to sanitation.
Chinese were dying like files,, but ob
jected to having their houses disin
fected. The dead were cast Into the
streets to avoid medical Inquiries, fu
migation and compulsory cleanliness.
When It was discovered that 25 per cent
Of. the rats of the city had the plague
and Srere thy roeens of scattering it, the
government" offered a reward for all
dead rats that hhd''a tasr-attached
showing In what house they were
caught By examining the rats It could
be- learned, .Governor Blake thought,
what houses needed disinfection. But
the scheme only made an opportunity
for the deceitful rat-catchers. They
levied a tax on all Chinese householders,
and such as dJd not pay up promptly
soon saw Infected rats In piles before
their doors with tags indicating their
addresses. This brought a speedy visit
of the sanitary corps, which ransacked
the premises. Thereupon the household
ers combined to wreck all the traps In
the city, so that few were caught
This, however, did not lessen the in
come of the rat-catchers, who Imported
rats from the country and-sold them to
Sir Henry at a good profit. "For ways
that are dark and tricks that are vain
the heathen Chinee Is peculiar."
Calling attention to the 8597 suicides
In the United States last year and the
584 victims of one theater fire, the Rail
way Age thinks the loss of life yearly
from railway accidents, though regret
tably large, Is comparatively small.
There were 711,617,000 passengers car
ried, of whom but 164 were killed In
train accidents and 157 lost their lives
from other causes connected with rail
way operations. Of L333.000 railway
employes but 1241 were killed, which Is
bad enough, but not nearly so bad as
the year's 8976 murders. The Chicago
Tribune finds that In the last three
years In the United States there were
26.762 murders, .24,153 suicides and S.0
drownings, whll. the whole number
killed on or ab ut railroads from all
causes was 10,95-. It may be observed,
however, that al . these figures art too
large or ought io be reduced by the
exercise of ordinary virtues.
A provision Inserted In the urgent de
ficiency bill authorizes the President to
consolidate non-paying customs dis
tricts, classifying Into ports and sub
ports, so as to reduce the cost of col
lecting tariff revenue. At present, ac
cording to the Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury, there are forty-seven cus
toms districts where it costs over a dol
lar to collect a dollar, owing to the
number of persons employed, whereas
If such districts were subordinated to
other better-paying districts the clerical
force could be reduced. At Galena, 111.,
for example. It cost3 J540.07 to collect
"Jl, and there are many districts where
the collection of $1 costs $100 or over.
The proposed plan of consolidation will
reduce the average cost of collecting
tariff revenue from all districts from
$0.0339 per dollar to something like
$0,021, which is the cost in the internal
revenue service.
A los3 wTiich has more than local sig
nificance was that caused by the burn
ing of the Oswego (N. Y.) starch factory
on the 10th Inst Hundreds of thou
sands of bushels of starch and corn
were consumed, 600 men were thrown
out of employment, and the loss on
plant and stock aggregated $1,000,000.
In the presence of the great Baltimore
fire, in which solid blocks of steel,
stone. Iron and granite were melted like
wax In the Intense heat, the Oswego
fire was but briefly noted, yet, relative
ly speaking, it was as significant of
loss and suffering and industrial disas
ter as was that which was told In many
columns of newspaper reports.
Th report that RussJ:i-tsaltemptlng
to .arrange with Turkey and Great Brlt
aM to permit the Black Sea fleet to
"pass through the Dardanelles Is proba
bly without foundation. The Black Sea
fleet Is chiefly composed of what are
called coast defense armored war ves
sels, which are not fit -for the service
expected of ocean Ironclads. Russia in
any event could not afford to leave the
Black Sea without a naval squadron
for defense, for In event of war with
Turkey growing out of the decision of
Russia and Austria to compel Turkey
to quiet the discontent In Macedonia,
the Black Sea region would need1 all Its
present naval squadron.
The net Increase of National bank
note circulation of $1,246,823- last week
attracts attention to the increase of this
form of currency, which now amounts
to $427,023,59S. The Philippine Islands
bonds and other recent Issues have
widened the basis on which the Na
tional banks rest, making their contin
uance probable for a long time to come.
It may be noted In this connection that
the public debt Increased durlngJanu
ary by $915,062, bringing the total'lnter-est-bearlng
debt to $900,470,950. This la
exclusive of $967,532,869 In certificates
and Treasury notes outstanding.
The Indians of the Quinlault Agency
are typical "Holy Rollers." Under the
Influence of religious excitement they
roll from side to side until exhausted.
There Is no record, however, that 'they
have broken up their furniture, roasted
dogs and cats alive, or performed other
sacrificial rites which lately made the
Corvallls contingent conspicuous as
physical demonstrators of "religion "
But then the poor Indian is but recently
civilized.
THE SABBATH IN THE BIBLE, j
Jewish TribunaMPortland.) J
Advocating- the Sunday closing of the
Lewis and Clark Fair. Rev. Edgar P. Hill.
D.D., in a sermon preached recently be
fore the First Presbyterian Church, ex
pressed his view that the Sunday opening
cuestion is a "religious question. God
said, 'Remember the Sabbath-day to keep
it holy.' ... The principles of Chris
tianity are at stake. ... It (Sunday
Sabbath) is a matter between God and
man. ..."
Notwithstanding our high esteem for
the learned Doctor, truth, plain facts and
history compel us to differ from his views.
What w contend is:
L That Sunday opening of any business
place is not a "religious question."
All the Injunctions concerning the "Sab
bath Day" refer to the seventh day of the
week, and not the first Sunday.
S. Sunday as a holy day has never con
stituted a principle of Christianity.
4. Sunday-Sabbath has never been "a mat
ter between God and man."
Here we give the arguments in sup
port of our contentions:
L At the very creation tee read that God
"blessed and sanctified" the seventh day of
the week, because In it he rested from his
work (Genesis 11:2-3). At the Instance of the
manna the name "Shabboth" Instead of the
numerical name of the seventh day is first
mentioned (Exodus xvl:23). It seems that the
Jews kept the Sabbath as a rest day even be
fore the time when -the Decalogue was deliv
ered (Idem 23-20). Sabbath was ordered to be
kept holy (Idem xx:8), the office of that holi
ness was to abstain from work and to give
rest also to the cattle (Idem 10). The sancti
fying of the Sabbath was "not to do In it
any work" (Jeremiah xvll:24). The desecra
tion of the Sabbath was doing any kind of
work (Nefaemlah xlll:15-10).
The Sabbath is a purely Jewish institution,
concerning Jews, and Jews only, as "a sign
between me (God) and you (Israel)" "the chil
dren of Israel shall keep the Sabbath" (Ex
odus xxxl:13) "and remember that thou wast
a servant In the land of Egypt. ...
therefore, the Lord thy God commanded thee
to keep the Sabbath day" (Deuteronomy v:lfi).
The Sabbath is constituted for a. humani
tarian and sanitary purpose only (Exodus
xx:10; Deut v:14).
Inferring from Jesus statement that be
"came not to destroy the law, but to fulfill,"
taking also in consideration that when ap
proached for his disciples' desecrating the Sab
bath, Jesus offered certain excuses (Matt
ill: 14; Mark 11:27); there is no doubt left that
he. as a Jew, kept the Jewish Sabbath holy.
The Jewish Christians after him also held the
Jewish Sabbath holy. (Eusebius H. E. 111:27).
When the question arose whether the Jewish
Sabbath Is binding upon the Gentile Chris
tians, Paul, according to the spirit of the Old
Testament, decided in the negative (Colceslans
11:16).
2. Sunday, the first day Of the week, having
been, according to the four evangelists, the
day of the resurrection of Jesus, was kept by
the first Christians as a feast day. It was
the day when they were gathered together "to
break bread" (Acta xx:7). There was no pref
erence given to any day of the week above
tha other days, be. it Sunday, Sabbath, or any
other day. "One man esteemeth one day above
another; another esteemeth every day alike.
Let every man be fully persuaded In his own
mind" (Romans xlv:&). The observance of any
special day of the week, month or seasons of
the year, or a year of years Is mocked at
"Te observe days, and months, and seasons,
and years. I am afraid of you, lest by any
means I have bestowed labor upon you In
vajn" (Galatlans lv:10-ll). The observance of
the Jewish Sabbath, which Is one of the Dec
alogue, has been annulled (Colosslana 11:18).
Sunday was only a Joyful day In honor of
Jesus' resurrection. "Wo keep the eighth (?)
day with Joyfulness, the day also In which
Jesus rose again from the dead," relates Bar
nabas (xv). (This Barnabas, as also Clemens,
Romanus and Hermus, were supposed to he
mentioned in the New Testament, but this
supposition was exploded by later criticism.)
"Let the slaves work five days, but on the
Sabbath day and the Lord's day let them have
leisure to go to church for Instruction. In
piety," is a sentence from a book called
"Apostolic Constitution" (vlil:33). the author
of which Is not known. The' same book rec
ommends that the Sabbath be kept as a me
morial feast of the creation, and the Lord's day
as a. memorial of the resurrection. These two
citations prove that never yet was the- ob
servance of Sabbath transferred to Sunday.
From Cons tan tine's enactment (321) that all
courts of Justice, inhabitants of towns and
workshops were to he at rest on Sunday, It Is
plain (hat till then all kinds of work was not
prohibited on Sunday.
From the .above plain facts, based on
history, we conclude:
1. That Sunday was never recognized by
any apostolic authority as a holy day; there
fore. 2. Sunday observance could never constitute
a principles of Christianity.
3. The Jewish Sabbath the seventh day of
the week as a sign between God and Israel,
instituted for some reasons concerning the
Jews only, constitutes a purely Jewish Insti
tution, binding only upon the Jew. and, there
fore. Justly annulled by Paul for the Chris
tians; therefore.
4. The injunctions of the observance of the
Jowish Sabbath has never been transferred to
Sunday, as Sunday has never been "a matter
between God and man."
Neither can we concur with the Doc
tor's argument that "the Supreme Court
has decided that this Is a Christian na
tion," for the following reason: The Na
tion of the United States is composed of
men who admire the "blessing of liberty"
(preamble), requiring no religious test to
the qualification of becoming a member
of our great Nation, or to hold any office
or public trust under the United States
(Art vl; Sec. 3), consequently, no Supreme
Court could adjudge our Nation "Chris
tian" in the sense as professing the Chris
tian religion. We- would be very grateful
to the reverend gentleman should he point
out where to find that decision.
A View of Senator Hoar.
Chicago Tribune.
The Tribune is able to keep its enthu
siasm for Senator Hoar well under con
trol. It holds that he long ago outlived
his usefulness as a Senator. He Is an
obstructionist His constant motto is,
"I object" He doesn't faithfully repre
sent any state In the Union or any consid
erable part of a state. From the day of
the first Chinese exclusion bill, when Mr.
Hoar advocated the unlimited Immigra
tion of Chinese, so that they might be
"converted on the spot" until now. the
Senator has been almost constantly "the
party "of the third part" He Is exceeding
ly popular with the Democratic newspa
pers, and more often than not gives ex
pression to their views with singular fe
licity. Lest He Forget.
New York Sun.
Pinckney had made his famous declara
tion, "Millions for defense, but not a-cent
for tribute?' 1
"Excuse me, sir," Insinuated the walter,
"but haven't you forgotten something?"
With a wail of anguish ho had to climb
down from his high horse.
Enchainment.
Arthur OShaughnessy.
I went to her who loveth me no more.
And prayed her bear with me, if so she
might;
For I had found day after day too sore.
And tears that would not cease night after
night
And so I prayed her, weeping, that she bore
To let me be with her a little; yea.
To soothe mytelf a little with her' sight.
Who loved me once, ah! many a night and
day.
Then she who loveth me no more, paybe
She pitied somewhat: and I took a chain
To bind myself to her. and her to me;
Tea, eo that I might call her mine again.
Lot she forbade me not; but I and she
Fettered her fair limbs, and hec neck more
fair.
Chained the fair wasted white of love's do
main. And put gold fetters on her golden hair.
Oh! the vain Joy It Is to see her lie
Beside me once again; beyond release.
Her hair, her hand, her body, till she die.
All mine, for me to do with as I please!
For, after all. I find no chain whereby
To chain her heart to love me as before.
Nor fetter for her Hps. to make them cease
From saying still she loveth me no more.
"THE SECRETARY OF PEACE."
Chicago Tribune.
In a speech at the Harvard dinner in
Washington on Tuesday Secretary of War
Taft facetiously described hla own lack
of military experience. He said that when
he was In Japan the authorities asked him
to review the troops and hoped he would
wear his uniform. He didn't wear his
uniform, and he begged to be excused
from putting the soldiers through their
maneuvers, expressing himself as com
pletely satisfied of their proficiency in
drill. Then he hurried away from the
field for fear somebody might ask-him the
caliber of our Krag-Jorgensen rifle, in
which event his own Ignorance Would be
exposed.
The Secretary has the right to his jokes
at his own expense, but nobody Is dis
posed to take him. at his own valuation
nor to 'deny him the faculties that are
needed for the post he holds. He is. In
deed, the minister of peace rather than
of war. His greatest achievements have
been in the direction of securing peace? He
pacified the Philippines not merely
through the use of the military arm or tho
Government, but through the wise exer
cise of those arts of civilization which he
knew so well how to employ. He gained
the confidence of the natives. He assured
them of participation In the administra
tion of their own local affairs. He called
them into council, 'and in many instances
.sought their advice and deterred to their
judgment While he did not hesitate to
employ the troops when necessary to put
down Insurrection or to exterminate la
dronlsm, he looked to the better Im
pulses of the natives for co-operation
with the Government in the humane and
Just direction of their affairs.
The Secretary of War In the United
States has more to (fo with peace than
with war. The Department of Insular Af
fairs, which by some old evolution he
came attached to tho War Department
has to do with civil governments In time
of f-eace, and it cannot operate efficient
ly while or where war continues even In
tho organization of the Army.
It Is not the aim of the Secretary of
War to Invite conflicts with any nation or
power, but to prepare for eventualities,
if, through no fault of our own and In
spite of all honorable efforts to avert It
war should be forced upon us. That was
a thrilling compliment that Lord Wolso
ley paid us when he said that "man for
man," the American Army "was the best
In the world." It Is a compliment our au
thorities should constantly endeavor to
deserve.
SUU. we shall continue to hope that Mr.
Taft will always be known as the great
est Minister of Peace the United States
has ever had. His Inclinations, his edu
cation, and his temperament will lead him
In that direction. Peace hath her victor
ies, and may our new Secretary of War
live long to enjoy them. The people of
the United States earnestly pray for peace,
but they are always conscious of tho fact,
now almost passed into a platitude, that
the best way to secure it i6 to be pre
pared for war.
OUR OBLIGATION TO COREA.
New Tork Sun.
Tankee sympathy in case of war will
vary according to circumstances and In
dividual prepossessions, with the prepon
derance doubtless, favoring, on sentimen
tal grounds, that marvelous young modern
power of- which Matthew Calbraith Perry,
of Rhode Island, was the godfather.
The attitude of the United States Gov
ernment will be that of absolutely correct
neutrality. This Is merely saying that the
name of the American Secretary of State
Is John Hay.
It ought not to be forgotten, however,
that apart from all considerations of sen
tltflent or material Interest, we are under
direct treaty obligations to befriend one of
the nations involved ic- the Far Eastern
troubles, and to help that nation If we
can and if she asks our assistance.
The nation with which "we are thus
bound In the closest relations Is neither
Japan nor Russia; nor again, is It China.
It Is Corea, the Kingdom of Chosen, and
our obligation Is In the form of a con
tract: There shall ba perpetual peace and friendship
between the President of the United States
and the King of Chosen and the citizens and
subjects of their respective governments.
If other powers deal unjustly or oppressively
with either government, the other will exert
Its good offices, on being Informed of the case,
to bring about an amicable arrangement, thus
showing their friendly feelings.
The reciprocal pledge quoted above
forms Article I. of our convention with
Corea, negotiated In 1SS2 and ratified by
the United States Senate in January,
1SS3. The treaty is now In force. It was
the first treaty ever concluded by the Co
rcan Government with any nation, great
or small.
We occupy, therefore, a tutelary and ex
ceptional position with regard to the wel
fare of the Klndom of Chosen, the coun
try most likely to be dealt with unjustly
and oppressively In any conflict between
Japan and Russia involving a disturbance
of existing conditions In Northeastern
Asia.
If Corea is unjustly and oppressively
treated by either combatant we shall no
doubt be officially Informed of the circum
stance. The Corcan Government Is rep
resented at Washington by an Envoy Ex
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
Mr. Mlnhui Cbo. assisted by a full-fledged
establishment of secretaries, counsellors
and attaches.
Don't Disturb the Dead.
Westfall Western Ways.
The Oregonlan never lels an opportu
nity to pass to criticise W. J. Bryan. It
attempts to damage his character as a
lawyer and as a citizen. It seems to pub
lish Mr. Bryan's misfortunes In a gleeful
mood. It criticises his political beliefs
and endeavors to lessen his strength with
his party. The reason for this Is what
we are unable to understand. The Com
moner, at Lincoln, does not enter In as
competition with The Oregonlan, so It
cannot be In a business sense. Mr. Bryan
Is not a candidate for any office, and his
views and political teachings are foreign
to the Interests of The Oregonlan.
That paper will not admit that there
Is any reasonable hope for Demo
cratic success either under Bryan's
leadership or any other wing of that
party. The Oregonlan would lead us
to believe that sliver is dead, "that the
Influence of Bryan Is dead, then the ques
tion is why stir up something dead? Why
not give us something alive? A newspaper
can criticise an Individual for a wrong
act and should do so, but this course of
The Oregonlan comes pretty nearly be
ing continuous persecution of a private
citizen. Bryan may be wrong in his polit
ical opinions, but this Is not sufficient
cause to prompt The Oregonlan's continu
ous attacks. j
Granddaughter Goose.
New York Sun.
Little Boy Blue was blowing hl3 horn.
"It's the only thing to do." he lisped.
"If you don't have a press agent nobody
hears of you."
Herein we see the early origin of the
custom.
The Old Woman who lived In a shoe
volunteered the reason.
"It waB tho only apartment I could find
that wasn't ruled by a Janitor," she said.
Little Jack Horner sat in a corner.
"I'm only waiting," he explained. "As
soon as sister's beau comes I'm going to
get under the sofa."
Fame, however, snapshotted htm before
he accomplished his purpose.
Rose Aylmer.
"Walter Savage Landor.
Ah what avails the sceptred race.
Ah what the form divine!
"What every virtue, every grace!
Rose Aylmer. all were thine.
Rose Aylmer, whom these wakeful eyes
May weep, but never soe,
A night of memories and of sighs
I consecrate to thee.
f ; NOTE AND COMMENT,
Selllng'llquor to minors appears to have
made something drop around the Dew
drop. - -
Colds are epidemic, and to listen to any
group of sneezing citizens ls to bclieye
localities at the seat of war arc.' being
discussed. " " "
How Infantile it must make foreigners
feel to fire salutes In honor of tha acces
sion of the Japanese Emperor Jlmmu. who
ascended the throne 2564 years ago..
Of proofs that tho army's the Russian's
pride.
This Is surely the bossky:
"When the uniformed officer goes for. a ride.
He has nothing to pay for a drosky.
The Irrlgon Irrigator has a rippling
name, but one that Is a pitfall to the un
wary, as the paper Itself points out The
Irrlgon Irrigator, and the Oregon Irrlgon,
and the Orragate Irrlgoner, and the Irri
gate Oregon all look alike.
It Is now said that the Russian officers
at Port Arthur were, attending a circus
on Monday night when the Japanese made
their attack. It would seem to be a clear
breach of International law to choose cir
cus day for the assault on a fortress, es
pecially In a country where the circus Is
so rarely seen.
Associated Press dispatches yesterday
announced Seattle's bank clearings for the
day as being $711,605. Later the wires
brought this:
Editors: Kill Seattle bank clearings.
Banks closed
The only thing unlike Seattle in this was
allowing a little matter such as the banks
being closed to deprive the town of a
day's clearings. .
This story of an Oklahoma girl's compo
sition on "Men," says the Argonaut,
shows that the seed of the woman's club
Is sown on the territorial prairies: "Men
are what women marry. They drink and
smoke and swear and have ever so many
pockets, but they won't go to church.
Perhaps If they wore bonnets they would.
They are more logical than women and
also more zoological. Both men and
women have sprung from monkeys, but
the women certainly sprung further thaE
the men."
The oscillating struggle between guns
and armor Is apparently at an end. Ar
mor has won. The late Mr. Tobln fired
two shots at a woman, and both were
rendered harmless by corset steels. Some
nights ago another woman foolishly ap
peared upon a street down which a police
man was loosing qft his- revolver
with the object of bringing to halt a
sneak thief. Had It not been for the In
valuable Harveyized corset steel the wom
an would have bad a chunk of lead some
where In her Interior. As It was, the bul
let was firmly deflected by the armor
that at once shields and beautifies. With
these facta In mind, every Russian soldier
should be at once provided with, a corset
and every Russian ship should'tbakepj; ljjj
Slavs.
A curious case has just been decided in
Tacoma. It appears that A, who keeps a
restaurant, accused B of eating a meal la
his place and forgetting to pay therefor.
B bet A $5 that he could prove he had
been somewhere else when the meal was
said to have been eaten. A took the bet,
and the stakes were deposited with C.
When the question had been settled C
refused to part with the money. He was
sued, and was compelled to disgorge ths.
J10 plus ?S.5 costs. Unfortunately, the dis
patch does not tell us who won the bet
and we are left In painful uncertainty
as to whether or not B really did eat a
meal and forgot to pay for It But It is
rarely that three persons can obtain so
much fun out of a $3 bet
The Kalama Bulletin devotes some space
to a practical Joke that .was recently
played upon some citizens of that place.
The victims, it appears, were Dr. Dar
nell, Bill Carson who has red hair and
"Ole Man," "Al," or "A. H." Imus. Two
deaf mutes were being taken back to the
school for defective youth, and were
temporarily left in a real estate office.
One at a time, the victims of the joke
were told that the boys were from the Re
form School at Salem, and that they re
fused to tell where they had hidden somo
stolen property. The three ictlm3 engaged
In the effortvto make the boys talk. Even
"Ole Man" Imus, with his knowledge of
human nature, "gained In teri years of
horse-trading In Kansas," admitted his
defeat and when the truth was told Dr.
Darnell declared that "If the boys couldn't
talk they might at least have said so."
WEX J.
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
Comedian What became of that old New
England play that had a real enow storm?
Soubrette It met with a heavy froat. St
Louis Post-Dispatch.
"You hold my future happiness," he tolf
th girl. "Why don't you hold It yourself?"
she asked coyly. And she wasn't so heavy
that he couldn't do It easily. Chicago Post
Willie Mr. Oldboy, why do they say you
are In your second childhood? Mother Willie f
Willie! Willie Oh, I know; It's because you
are bald-headed. Just like baby Dick. Boston
Transcript
"Tou know, Jessie, the good book says
'Love your neighbor, " spoke the mother to
her little girl. "Yea. mamma, but that was
written before the days of flats." Yonkera
Statesman.
Wcdderly Today Is the 10th anniversary of
my marriage. Singleton Well, which do you
expect? Weaderly Which do I expect? Sin
gleton Yes; congratulations or sympathy?
Chicago News.
"Do you think," he asked, "that we ought
to annex Canada?" "Ho," replied the lovelj
heiress, "I don't see what good It would do
us. They don't have dukes and earls over
there.-" Chicago Record-Herald.
"I noticed." remarked Brusquely, "that you
took off your hat when you telephoned Just
now. and then put it back again. May I ask
you why?" "Certainly." replied Courtly. "I
was telephoning a lady." Cincinnati Times
Star. "Lushman Is troubled a great deal by his
wife's Insomnia." "I didn't know that be
fore." "Yes; she usually has a severe at
tack of It every night when he cornea In late,
and then the trouble begins." Philadelphia
Press.
"No," he said, "I'm not sure whether my
wife's Chrlrtmas gift to me was meant to
please me or to. humble my pride." "What
did she give you?" asked the friend. "She
had a crayon portalt of me made by an ama
teur artist" Philadelphia Ledger.
"I'll admit that the eminent tragedian we
have Just mentioned Is exceedingly irascible
and sometimes indiscreet in his manifesta
tions," said the playgoer: "but he Is a fine
actor." "Yes," answered Stormlngton Barnes,
"be knows how to act. but be does not know
how to behave." Washington Star.