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Eastern Business OS.cc, 43, 44. 45. 47. 48, 49
Tribune Building. New York City; 510-11-12
Tribune Building; Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth
Special Agency, Eastern representative.
For sale In New TorJc City by I- Jonas &
Co.. news dealers, at the Astor House.
For sale In San Francisco by I. E. Iea,
Palace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., 235
Butter street; P. VT. Pitts, 100S Market street;
J. K. Cooper Co., 740 Market street, near the
Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry nawa
stand; Frank Scott, 80 Ellis street, and N.
Wheatley, S3 Stevenson ei.
For sale jln Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner,
2M South Spring street, and Oliver &c Haines,
206 South Spring street.
For sale la St. Louis. Mo., by the World'
Fair Nwa Company.
For sale In Kansas City, .Mo., by Rlctoecker
Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut streets.
For sale to Chicago by the P. O. News Co.,
3X7 Dearborn street; Charles MacDoaald. S3
Washington .street, and the Auditorium Annex
wwb stand.
For sale In Minneapolis by M. J. Kavanaugh,
South Third street; L. Begoisburger, 317
Ftret avenue Sooth.
For eale In Omaha by Baxkalow Brew., 1812
Farnam street; Megeath Stationery Cc. 1809
Fataam street; McLaughlin Bros,, 210 S.
Ifcttrteeath street
For sale ta Ogdea by W. G. Kind, 114 25th
street; V. C Alden, Postofflce cigar store; F.
3 Oodard and C H. Myers.
For sale to Salt Lake by the Salt Lake Sew
Co., 77 West Second South street.
Pot eale to Washington, XL C., by the Eb
bett House news stand, and Ed. Brlnkman,
Fourth and Paclflo avenue, N. W.
For sale to Colorado Springs by C A. Bruner,
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Jackson Book & Stationery Co., 15th and
Lawrenoe streets, and Julius Black.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 54; minimum temperature, 47; pre
cipitation, .43 of an inch.
TODAY'S WEAATHBR Cloudy, with occa
sional light rain; cooler; westerly "winds.
PORTLAND, FBIDAY, JANUARY 15, 1S04.
AS GOOD AS NOMINATED.
The more light Is shed upon the Dem
ocratic objection to Chicago, the more
Is the party to be congratulated upon
Its preference for St Louis Objection
on the soore of Chicago's newspapers is
now narrowed down to the Examiner
and American, the morning and even
ing papers owned by TV. R. Hearst, of
San Francisco, New York, Chicago,
'Washington, Los Angeles and possibly
some future time of Portland.
In running newspapers with his own
money Mr. Hearst has incurred the
odium of all who would run newspa
pers -If they had money to found them,
and In advocating such measures as he
approves he has effectually alienated
the affections of those to whom those
measures are distasteful Hds critics
and his enemies have naturally in
creased in direct ratio to the number
and vogue of his newspapers.
The Democrats are emboldened to
fear that Mr. Hearst's Chicago paper
might influence the action of the Na
tional convention through the medium
of extra editions, copiously Illustrated,
emphasized with wood type and em
blazoned by the use of red inlc The
point is well taken. The danger is real.
And in approval of the National com
mittee's decision we need onjy advWt
to a single circumstance.
"When the Democrats met in National
convention at Chicago in 1896, the silver
men lacked 48 votes of the two-thirds
majority necessary to control the plat
form and-nomlnees. Bland had gone
there with 235 votes, Bryan with 119,
Pattlson with 95, Boles with 85, Black
burn with 83. other candidates with 135,
while the Gold Democrats adhering to
"Whitney and Russell, who aid not vote,
even on the flrst ballot, numbered 178.
The concentration of BOO votes for W. J.
Bryan on the fifth ballot was occa
sioned by these words:
You shall not press down upon labor this
crown of thorns; you shall not crucify man
kind upon a cross of gold!
The intellectual acumen and perti
nence of this utterance demonstrated
to a certainty the eminent fitness of the
Boy Orator for the Presidency. It Is
not strange, therefore, that -with the
recollection of 1896 fresh In mind the
Democratic leaders feel certain that
next Summer's convention would likely
be stampeded by an extra issue of the
American, bearing in red letters on the
first page this injunction:
VOTE FOR HEARSTjVOTE FOR HEARST
The antics of 1896 abundantly Justify
the committee in Its conviction that
some such artifice as this would stam
pede the convention to Hearst. They
who could not resist the cross of gold
and crown of thorns how should they
withstand red Ink and poster type four
Inches tall?
But he who fights and runs away will
live to fight another day. Mr. Hearst
will not thus be cheated of his prize. A
trusted agent is already on the way to
St. Louis with Instructions to buy, lease
or start a paper, regardless of -expense.
Thus unwillingly has Colonel Knapp
digged a trench for his own feet Thus
doth the Boy Editor improve even upon
the Boy Orator. "With his trusty St.
Louis extras the delegates cannot es
cape him. We congratulate Mr. Hearst,
therefore, upon his certain and easy
victory. He Is as good as nominated.
BUILT TOR SAFETY.
It will come as a pleasant surprise
to most Portland theater-goers to learn
that when Judge Marquam built the
theater which bears his name he did
not try to save money by limiting Its
precautions for safety. Undoubtedly
there were others who should be re
membered In the credit for those coun
cils years ago perhaps Mr. J. P. Howe,
who first Interested Judge Marquam In
the venture; probably the architect who
designed the building; likely enough the
mortgagees who advanced the money.
However this may be. it Is to the credit
of Judge Marquam and may be remem
bered by him with pride as it will be
reviewed by others with sympathy,
that with all his difficulties over the
property, his kind old face need never
wear a deeper line because of some act
of penurlousness which would have put
in peril human lives.
It must be a unique situation for the
Marquam among the theaters of the
country that egress from it Is secured
iw way of each of the four streets that
surround the block In whjlch It Is con
tained. Few owners of a theater site
would be In the peculiar position of
ownership "by which they could control
the approach to the. theater from four
directions, especially In a city without
alleys. Yet there they are, so that once
out of the theater, the approaches are
open to Morrison, Alder, Sixth or Sev
enth. It Is true that the exits leading
to these open approaches have not been
open, but the defect has now been rem
edled; and the consciousness that they
are In a brick: building with exterior
iron stairways, from each floor will al
lay any apprehension of audiences and
should make a panic In the Marquam
forever impossible.
UNIVERSAL NEED OF ADMINISTRATION
Some of the points made in the House
against civil service reform in practice
are well taken, but it would be a mis
take for that reason to turn over the
civil service unrestrictedly to the spoils
men.
There is no denying- that the civil ser
vice rules operate as a clog upon the
efforts of efficient heads of departments
to purge their payrolls of Incompetents
and political barnacles. Almost the
first discovery a Cabinet officer makes
is that h'is force is robbing the Govern
ment by collecting enormous sums in
salaries for which it renders nerfune-
tory service. Yet his plans to remedy
tne ao use are frustrated by the neces
sity of filing and supporting charges
before the Civil Service Commission.
The Government is thus committed to
a policy which no business man wmilrt
tolerate for a moment. Nothing Is more
unscientinc or unbusinesslike than to
require results of a man who cannot
choose his subordinates. An adminis
trator's authority must be commensur
ate with his responsibility. The clvtt
service law proceeds upon the principle
tnat the men in office ere true and tried
veterans, while the applicants are in
experienced party "henchmen." The
contrary is often the case.
Yet it Is equally clear that the desired
end would not be achieved or brought
nearer by throwing down the bars
either to Secretaries or to Senators and
Representatives. In the flrst place, the
wholesale dispossession of aged and
trustworthy clerks would be a National
scandal; and in the next place the new
men would be chosen for political pull
as much as for ability. "What Heath.
for example, would have done with the
.rostomce Department if his re!n hart
been free can readily be inferred; while
custom-house, land office and postofflce
appointments in every state indicate
what we should have to expect from
Congress.
The difficulty with the whole business
is that the freedom we covet with good
men in office becomes invested with in
finite mischief the moment ive set had
men in office. It is nothing but the
irresponsible character of the average
Alderman that has by steady steps
snorn city Councils all over the coun
try of their old powers. The considera
tions which originally led to the adop
tion of the civil service law and en
listed the support of the intelligent and
honest In its favor are still in unabated
force; and the agitation for Consular
rpfnrm Is an Inrllmilnn v . j m
... ...uv.cwili ui. me nejiu tii
public opinion on the merit system.
The essential thing under any system
of appointment that may be devised Is
"good men In office." The presence of
a sound and true man in the Presidency
is the explanatibn of the reform wave
that Is sweeping over every department
of the Government, notably the Post
offlce and the Interior. Another four
years of Roosevelt will accomplish
much in all fields of Governmental ac
tivity along ameliorative lines. There
should be no change now. It would
only operate in behoof of spoilsmen in
Congress, and that Is doubtless exactly
why the present manifestation of un
rest Is so acute.
ABNORMAL SITUATION IN WHEAT.
May wheat in Chicago closed yester
day at SGc, and the same option In
the Liverpool market closed at 91c per
bushel. The lowest freight rate obtain
able between the two ports Is about 12
cents per bushel, so that on these fig
ures the Chicago market was about 8
cents above the Liverpool parity. This
remarkable differential has been In
force for the greater part of the sea
son, and for a brief period last Fall
wheat was selling as high in San Fran
cisco as In Liverpool, although at the
same time ships were loading at the
Bay City for Liverpool. "Whether due
to the general fear that the crop will
be short of requirements or to the pow
erful support of Armour and one or two
other unknown bull leaders, the fact
remains that the American market has
been plunging along regardless of the
action of the world's markets or of
world-wide conditions.
The war scare has undoubtedly been
a contributing factor in the strength,
but the action of the foreign markets
necessitates search for some other
cause. In case of war between Japan
and Russia, the European wheatbuyers
would be forced to pay higher figures
as soon as Russia ceased shipping. The
Liverpool market should then take the
initiative in advancing prices, or at
least should follow the advances in
America, from which It would be neces
sary to draw the additional supplies
needed. And yet Liverpool has aston
ished the American operators through
out the season by refusing to follow
the hilarious strength shown In Chi
cago every time a fresh war rumor was
sprung. The war scare started the May
option In Chicago at 76c and ran it up
to Ssc. It started the same option In
Llverpqol at S9c per bushel, and the
top notch reached 6ince that time has
been a fraction less than 93c.
It Is much easier to locate the reason
for the comparatively low prices In Eu
rope than it Is to account for all of the
strength In America. The Argentine
last season dumped on the European
markets the largest crop of wheat ever
grown in the Southern Hemisphere, and
is now following it up wltb advance
sales of a crop now being harvested
which promises to equal If not exceed
in dimensions that of last season. In- j
dla has also been a very free shipper, j
last week contributing to the world's
shipments some 1.312.000 bushels, com
pared with 1,300,000 bushels from Rus- j
sla, while Australia, which last year
was Importing many million bushels of
Pacific Coast wheat, is this year har
vesting a good crop and last week
shipped 560.000 bushels to Europe. In
the face -of this foreign statistical no-
sition of wheat, which in spite of the
war news cannot well be construed
other than "bearish," throughout the
United States "bullishness" in wheat is
rampant.
The strange situation would indicate
that the entire tribe of wheat men,
from farmers to Board of Trade oper
ators, have unlimited faith in hleh
prices, and are backing their opinion by
retaining- ineir comings ana endeavor
THE HORNING
ing- to buy more. They are assisted in
maintaining this position by a crop
many million bushels smaller than the
Government estimates. There is a limit,
however, even to a buoyant market,
and some of the surplus of wheat from
the United States must seek a market
abroad. It is perhaps unnecessary to
state that when It does move it will sell
abroad at Liverpool, and not Chicago,
prices,
A REAL GRIEVANCE.
If the statements of stockmen in re
gard to the handling pf livestock in
transit upon railroads are correct, and
there is, unfortunately, no reason to
question them, not only have the own
ers of stock just and ample grounds for
complaint against the railway compa
nies that engage in this business, but
complaint may justly be added in the
name of humanity in behalf .of the
voiceless victims of these methods. The
common practice in vogue, say those
who make complaint against the rail
road companies, is to load livestock on
any sort of trains and move the cars
along just as it suits the convenience
of the trainmen, sidetracking them
upon occasion to allow empty cars to
pass and delaying them upon any other
pretext, regardless of the protest of the
owners of the wretched, Imprisoned
brutes. "When these abused creatures
finally reach market they are shrunken
In weight, feverish from thirst and long
confinement, bruised from rough con
tact with each other, and as unfit as
possible for human food.
The stockmen do not complain about
this last feature of the abuse to which
livestock is subjected in transit upon
slow trains. It Is the duty of stock in
spectors and health officers to look Into
that, but they do complain, and-Justly,
at the loss in weight and general con
dition and appearance of the range
product that results from unnecessary
delay in the movement of cattle trains.
Protest and complaint in this matter
are alike useless. Compulsion by means
of legislation is necessary in order to
correct this grave abuse. Men who
are looking after this business from a
financial standpoint are In favor of the
enactment of laws requiring railroad
companies to load cattle in train lots
and make with, these trains an average
speed of 15 miles an hour between the
point of loading and that of delivery.
These requirements are certainly not
unreasonable, and the demand for them
should be strongly seconded by all hu
mane societies, state and national.
Under the best conditions possible
livestock suffers greatly In making long
journeys by rail. Crowding, overheat
ing, hunger, thirst and freight are ele
ments in livestock transportation that
are literally and hopelessly a part of
the business. All of these conditions
are aggravated and Increased by delay
to an extent that makes such delay
when unnecessary a crime against hu
manity. The financial loss that it In
duces is a separate consideration, and
It Is perhaps but natural that men to
whom stockralslng la a business should
make their plea for relief upon this
basis. Self-interest governs In this as
In 'Other commercial transactions, and
It may be added that legislation urged
from this standpoint is much more
likely to receive favorable consideration
than If it were proposed In the name
of pity for the sufferings of the voice
less creatures that live and die for the
benefit of man.
THE CAUSE OF QUARREL.
A good many persons seem to be ig
norant of the physical and political
"facts that are precedentftfand Involved
in the impending war between Russia
and Japan. Japan is an .Island empire
whose 147,000 square miles of area are
inhabited by about 45,000,000 of people.
Japan disputed with China the ques
tion of control of Corea,' a penin
sular country on the mainland, once
tributary to China. Corea has an area
of 85,000 square miles Inhabited by
about 11,000,000 Of DeoDle. Janan de-
"slred to colonize the overflow of her
people In Corea, but China objected to
any Japanese Jurisdiction in Corea. and
so China and Japan went to war in
August, 1894. Japan was quickly vic
torious, captured Port Arthur and oc
cupied the whole Llao Tung Peninsula,
Russia saw her chance and promptly
Interfered to save China from spolia
tion, and was supported by Germany
and France. Great Britain declined to
Interfere, so Japan was forced to sur
render Port Arthur and evacuate the
Llao Tung Peninsula and content her
self with the payment of a money in
demnity, which China paid through a
foreign loan floated in Europe through
the help of Russia. All this took place
in 1895. Russia, as compensation for
her. intervention to save China from
severe "loss of territory to Japan, ob
tained the gift of Port Arthur, a forti
fied seaport, as a terminus for a rail
way connection through Manchuria
with the main line of the Trans-Si
berian Railway, whose terminus at
Vladivostok 13 more or less icebound in
"Winter.
Had Japan In 1895 succeeded In Tier
purpose to annex Port Arthur and the
whole Llao Tung- Peninsula, she would
have shut the door in Russia's face and
prevented her from gaining an en
trance to Chinese waters. She would
than have gathered Corea and nhinn
under her fostering care and would
have been In a position to resist the
encroachments of Europe. But Russian
statesmanship Interfered successfully
to prevent the arrest of the
of Russian empire on the Pacific.
vacrmany extractea ner compensation
irom China in her occupation of Klao
Chou Bay. in the Province of Shnn
Tung. Japan since 1895 has been per
sistently getting ready for a settle
ment with Russia. Jatan must -r
pand; she was forced to let go .of the
mainland of China in 1895, and so she
seeks to settle her overflow In Onrw
which for centuries was under the dual
guardianship of China arid Japan, now
the Influence of Japan predominating
over Corea and then that of China. To
the extinct Chinese Influence Russia
has succeeded, and the Emperor of
Corea Is a mere puppet who dances
sometimes In obedience to the hand of
Russia and then to that of Janan
Japan controls the railway from Seoul
n a.nn i TT. . . J .
insistent that Russia" shall have no sea
port In Corea and shall not colonize
ijorea. japan places ner demand upon
the ground of self-preservation: that
without expansion her empire must die
of reDletlon and decay, and that iri
out marine control of the coast of
Corea Japan cannot defend herself
from naval aggresslon.
On the othe hand, Russia Is in Man
churia because she was granted a con
cession or right of way tor a railway
from the Trans-Siberian line to Port
Arthur. Nominally China Is still -sovereign
In Manchuria, for It is under
treaty with China that its ports have
just been thrown open to the United
OEEGOfflAff, FRIDAY, JANUABY . 15, 190.
States. Nevertheless, Russia will al
ways claim the right to occupy Man
churia with her troops in sufficient
numbers" to protect the railway and Its
traffic. For this reason, if for no other,
Russia is; sure soon or late to -be the
real ruler of Manchuria, Russia nat
urally does, not want to give Japan un
qualified control of the ports of
Corea, because that would make It pos
sible to interfere with the naval com
munication between Vladivostok and
Port -Arthur. These facts explain why
Japan and Russia are drifting Into
war; they are both anxious for unre
stricted expansion. Japan "nust colo
nize her overflow In Corea or suffocate
In time, and Japan must hold the coast
line of Corea. to protect her own shores
from ultimate naval aggression. Rus
sia in her vast scheme of Siberian de
velopment must have Port Arthur to
obtain supplies by sea for some years
to come, until her Trans-Siberian Rail
way is enlarged and improved into a
railway line of supply of ample ca
pacity. Russia desires to control Corea so
that her line of naval communication
between Siberia and Port Arthur can
not be broken, and because she does
not wish a possible hostile Japanese in
vasion of Manchuria from Corea.
"When two boys want the same thing
and cannot agree on terms of purchase
or peaceful barter! they are quite apt
to acquire a title with flats and heels,
and It looks as If Japan and Russia
would soon or late go to war. Japan,
even If victorious in the flrst rush,
could not apparently carry the war
into Manchuria- and oust Russia from
that province. Russia would only pull
herself together and renew the onset
Napoleon at St. Helena said that "Rus
sia. Is the power that marches the most
sureiy ana with the greatest strides
toward universal domination." Rus
sia's weakness Is her navy, and Great
Britain, If she saw fit, .could force Rus
sia to a settlement with Japan by
threatening her with her Pacific squad
ron. Russia's fleet is comparatively
sman, aB.o.jt cannot be quickly In
creased. "Lefesto their own devices
Russia would scon wer out Japan,
but with (Treat Brhhrvfor a naval ally
Japan would rule the sea and win the
day.
The determination of the c-ra-r tvim-i
oughly to Russianize the Finns Is
snown in the latest Imperial order to
the GovprnnrmoMl nt Plnlj im,i.
officer is directed'to dismiss at once all
J? inns employed In the state or munici
pal governments who evaded military
service during the past year, and to
refuse them foreign nassnorts for five
years. Students of the higher schools
wno nave not performed military ser
vice are to be expelled for periods not
exceeding a year. A proclamation will
be issued arniouncinsr that all Finns not
presenting themselves for service will
De araitea. it is clear that nothing
but submission to the imperial will Is
left to these people. Opposition,
whether by petition, protest or evasion
of government orders. Is not only un
availing, but It increases greatly the
hardships of their condition., Escape by
Immigration Is cut off until the required
military service Is rendered. The con
stitutional provision by which the
Finns were exempt from foreign mili
tary service was one of the dearest
rights of these people, and the opposi
tion to its abrogation has been bitter
and persistent This opposition was fu
tile from the first, and with the exam
ple of Poland, was unwise. 3rave peo
ple before the Finns have submitted "to
the Inevitable without sacrificing their
dignity, patriotism or self-respecU- It is
left to these people to follow this exam
ple, looking to It that they do not bring
unnecessary suffering upon themselves
and their country by further opposition
to a power against which they cannot
hope to contend successfully.
Corporal Tanner, who was turned out
of the office of Commissioner of Pen
sions by President Harrison atthe re
quest of Secretary of the Interior Noble,
was recently promised the Registershlp
of "Wills of the District of Columbia by
the President, but the general protest
against him as an utterly incompetent
man has induced the President to hold
up the appointment. Corporal Tanner
draws a big pension, having lost his
legs during the war, but It has been
reported that his severe wounds were
not received upon the. firing line, but
that he was hit by a chance shot at the
rear of hi3 command, whither he had
retreated without orders at the flrst
opportunity. He is past master of
thrasonical eloquence and "old sol
dier" blatherskite. Tanner was turned
out of the office of Commissioner of
Pensions after he' had in two Or tli roe
months made the Pension Bureau a
rendezvous for pension sharks and pad
ded the pension roll with doubtful vet
erans at tho expense of the United
btates Treasury. It is said that the
President may appoint him Railroad
Commissioner. Cornoral Tanner hnc&
wounds were obtained while he was
seeking shelter at the rear. Is a beautl-
iui successor for the shoes of General
Longstreet, who was wounded on the
firing line.
Testimony In regard to the efficacy
of the aptl-mosqulto campaign against
malaria comes from all -parts of the
world, even the Malay Peninsula fur
nishing Its quota. It is related in an
official report from this quarter that
malarial fever became epidemic In 1901
among workmen who were engaged in
draining a swamp. Systematic de
struction of mosquito larvae was un
dertaken by a sanitary commission. It
was carried on chiefly by sprinkling
with crude oil, and malarial fever
speedily declined. In 1901 there were
52 deaths in this district from malarial
fever. In 1902 only nine deaths oc
curred, and the number of cases
showed a diminution of 67.37 per cent
The uniform success attending pre
ventive measures of this character
gives ground for the belief that when
the United States undertakes the con
struction of the Panama Canal sani
tary science will be able to reduce the
deatht rate from malarial fever among
laborers to the minimum.
The New York Sun's "Washington
dispatch of the 9th says that the House
committee on agriculture will shortly
take, up for consideration the Brown
low good roads bill, which calls for
an appropriation of $24,000,00058,000,
000 annually for three years for the
purpose of constructing country roads.
There Is a good prospect that the meas
ure, although a radical departure from
strict constructionist views, will be fa
vorably reported to the House and con
sideration given It The measure pur
poses to "expend the money under the
direction and supervision of a good
roads department of the Department
of Agriculture, and to apportion tfetf
$24,000,000 among the states .according
to ineir population. j
A FORGOTTEN LOB I SI AN IAN.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
In the entry of the journal of Lewis and
Clark of November 11, 18H, are these words,
among others: "We received a visit from
two squaws, prisoners Irom the Rocky
Mountains, purchased by Chaooneau." This
was while the explorers, on their way up
the Missouri on their Journey to the Pa
cific, were "Wintering with the Mandan
Indians, in the present North Dakota.
Chaboneau was a French half-breed, of
whose record, as chronicled sporadically
in the diary of the explorers, nothing good
can be said except that he married onmof
the squaw3 referred to. This was Saca
jawea, the Bird "Woman. Sacajawea, a
Snake or Shoshone Indian, captured sev
eral years earlier by the Minnetarees, was
purchased by the half-breed, was married
to him and had a baby in February. 1S05,
"three months after she enters this record.
Though only 16 years of age at the time,
"she contributed a full man's share to the
success of the expedition," which she ac
companied to the Pacific and back again,
"besides taking care of her baby." The
words in quotation marks are those of the
late Dr. Elliott Coues, editor of Lewis and
Clark's Journal.
This tribute only faintly expresses the,
value of her service to the explorers and
through them to the people of the United
States. Sacajawea was a woman of won
derful courage, industry and intelligence.
Her name occurs two-score times In the
bald record which tells' the story of the
perils and labors of that 4000 miles of a
journey along the Missouri from the Man
dan village to that river's headwaters,
across the Rocky Mountains, down the
tributaries of the Columbia" into the main
stream, onward to the Pacific and back
again. In every Instance she figures in a
creditable way. Early in her connection
with the expedition, when one of the boats
upset in a storm on the Missouri, and
when her worthless husband was struck
helpless by terror, Sacajawea rescued from
the river many of the valuable papers and
preserved them to the world, while also
saying her child. As a mark of the ex
plorers' appreciation of the value of her
services, even In the early stages of her
connection with them, they named one of
the tributaries of the Musselshell, up in
the present Montana, Sacajawea's River,
a name, unhappily, which has long since
been forgotten, the stream figuring on
the present maps as. Crooked Creek.
It was when the explorers neared the big
mountains that the Indian woman's aid to
the expedition was Indispensable. Partly
from recollection and5 partly through In
stinct she told the windings of the streams
near their sources in the highlands.) She
piloted the expedition across the roof of
the world where the waters which flow by
way of the Mississippi and its tributaries
Into the Gulf of Mexico are separated from
those which flow Into the Pacific and into
the Gulf of California; Interpreted among
Indians with whom her husband, who was
paid for doing the talking, could not con
verse; obtained a welcome and horses for
the party among her own people, the Sha
shones. west-of the divide: gave up arti
cles of her own In barter with other In
dians for the use of the expedition; and,
though stricken with serious illness once
or twice from exposure exertion and in
sufficient or improper food, she rallied
quickly, and bore all the hardship, includ
ing those- attending the care of her child,
cheerfully and courageously. When, In
August 1S05, the expedition reached the
land of the Mlnnetarees, In the Rresent
North Dakqta, on the way back to civili
zation, and only a iponth distant from St
Louis, Sacajawea and her husband left the
explorers, as they could not longer be use
ful. "She has borne with a patience truly
admirable the fatigues of so long a route,
encumbered with the charge of an Infant,
who is even now only 19 months hid."
These are the miserably Inadequate words
with which the explorers take leave of the
woman without whose aid the expedition
would have failed. Chaboneau was paid
$500 for his work, but nobody in that age
of the world seemed to think that this
squaw was entitled to anything. The Gov
ernment, neither then nor afterward, paid
her a cent. In erecting at tie St Louis
World's Fair monuments to the memory
of most of those who figured conspicu
ously in the discovery, purchase, explora
tion and development of the region on the
Alleghanles' sunset side, as the heads of
the Fair are contemplating, some memo
rial ought to be set up to this heroic Sho
shone, Sacajawea, the Bird Woman, who
piloted Lewis and Clark, the firs of the
pathfinders, through America's wilder and
wider West.
Southern Iron and Steel.
Baltimore - Sun.
The Engineering and Mining Journal
comments appreciatively upon the fact
that the Southern blast furnaces are
continuing to produce Iron at an al
most undiminished rate and with profit,
while the furnaces, of other parts of
the country are reducing production or
going out of blast. At present prices,
owing- to their many favorable circum
stances, the Virginia, Alabama and
Tennessee furnaces are doing a remun
erative business and are full of orders
for the near future. "We can all," says
the Journal, "remember the times when
No. 2 Alnhnmn fnnnrt- nnij . re r a
iJ ouu -c u.uu
per ton at furnace, while gray forgft
wua piaceu as low as $5.75. At these
prices the ironmasters claimed that
they were at least lnslnr- mnnnv- Thf
this claim was true was abundantly
pruveu. uosis oi an Kinds, including
wages and fuel, are higher now than
they were in 1894 and 189R hut o
$9.50 for No. 2 foundry, though it seems
low after the boom, is 50 per cent over
the price of five years ago, and should
afford at least a small profit. At this,
too, the furnaces keep up their organ
izations and their full wnrlflno- fnrra
and are ready to take business when it
copes. It looks very much as if the
old claim of the Alabama ironmasters
that they could Iteep at work when
no one else could without losinc- monev
would be renewed, even If the depres
sion snouia prove to be deeper and
more lasting than we now anticipate."
The expediency of Keeping at work,
even at a small profit, the Journal
thinks incontestable. The depression
in trade Is believed to be temnorarv.'
No new boom is to be expected soon,
nut "the country is not poor and the
chances are that a trreat deal of con
struction work will ne done next
year." There is some criticism upon
tne policy oi tne soutnern ironmakers
or sticking to foundry iron "disposing
of their nroduct in its slmnle.st form"
Instead of seeking the larger profits
of steelmaking. The steel vorks and
rolllnsr-mills at Enslcv. it is ohs
are the only exceDtion. These nnrV
make rails from basic steel and are the
only plant in the united States that
use open-hearth steel for rails. it
woum De wise, it is suggested, to in
vest further capital in steel works and
unaertaxe to convert home-made steel
into finished nroducts instead nf im
porting these from the North.
The Olympian Joe Miller.
New York Sun.
Mars was considering the situation.
"No' he remarked, T don't parlez Jap
anese or Russian. The cannon's mouth Is
gooa enough lor me
Leavlnc word at the desk to be palled-
if anything haptfehed, he turned in for
the night.
Diana was 'boasting of her prowess In
the hunt
"As for that" returned Venus, "when
Vulcan comes home, from sitting up with
a sick mena, i can smell a rat myself."
Hereupon they changed the subject to
discuss the family that had just moved in.
Neptune gazed enviously at Bacchus.
"It's perfectly awful to be the god of
water," he exclaimed. "Simply think of
having to keep your resolutions all year!"
With a sigh for the Inevitable, he be
gan to toy with his trident
A NEIGHBORLY NOTE OF GOOD WILL
The American-Asiatic (Seattle.)
From time to time we have noted the
progress at the central port of the United
. States Pacific Coast of preparations for a
great Exposition to be held in 1905. This
Exposition will in great part be of dls
: tinctly inter-oceanic character the first
1 commercial Exposition to mark the great
nesses of the commercial association of
the American Pacific country with the
vast Interests oversea. The ExposlUon
will mark the passage of a hundred years
from the date when the explorers, Lewis
and Clark, after crossing the Rockies,
first saw down, the Columbia the expanse
of the Pacific. A century ago the first
trail was cut overland by these Govern
ment officers to the great ocean to which
the American-Asiatic has the honor of
devoting its pages. An assured private
and state fund of $1,200,000 is so far in
hand tor the "Lewis and Clark Centennial
and American-Pacific Exposition and Ori
ental Fair." Now the Federal Congress
Is considering a bill for about two millions
and a quarter. Congress In 1S04 paid Its
servants Lewis and Clark for their won
derful two-year voyage across the conti
nent. It would be peculiarly fit If Congress
today illustrate by its support the practi
cal success of that truly American pio
neer enterprise of a century ago as today
told in the busy ports of the Pacific, with
their Important ocean commerces, and
their promise in another hundred years
of greatness not econdMo even the At
lantica century's work done and a cen
tury's work to be done, every link
of the chain of it all surely traced back to
that day when the American Government
started Lewis and Clark from the Missis
sippi 2000 miles into an unknown world.
No text fitter to these pages could be
written than that of the "Portland Expo
sition." To us the greatest satisfaction
is that the conception of, the work is well
proportioned to the magnitude and dig
nity of tle event which It marks, and to
the responsibility which It alms to repre
sent Th08e"""who have not yet grasped
the great and grave subject of the Pacific
Ocean development and Pacific States de
velopment will at this Exposition have
that subject magnificently illustrated. This
Exposition is today existent but it Is In
every port of the Pacific, from Papeete
to Petropaulovski there in Portland, there
in San Francisco, at Seattle, at Tacoma,
at San Diego, at Singapore, Hong Kong,
Shanghai, Yokohama, Kobe, Manila, Vlad
ivostok, Honolulu. Sydney, Melbourne;
Brisbane, Auckland, Guayqull. Valparaiso
In every port of the Pacific are the scat
tered elements which will collectively be
displayed in the commemorative event of
this exposition.
Every single interest of the Pacific
Coast seems to us Is bound up In the
Portland Exposition. The State of Oregon
has voted half a million towards the funds,
and private Individuals of the state con
siderably over that; California, Utah,
Idaho, have also voted funds, and Wash
ington shortly wllU The press of every
state is in harmonious concert over the
event. There could be but concert on this
question the concert of united tribute by
the states which owe their life to that
germ of Lewis and Clark's great over
land voyage, the anpals of which are a
classic on this Coast not less than the
annals of Cook and Vancouver.
In another column we exhibit the trib
ute ot the most responsible financial and
commercial authority to this Pacific
Coast to the legatee of the Columbia
discoverers. The bank clearings of the
Coast clearing-houses In 1902 were the
large 6um of $2,129,714,000; the foreign ex
ports $S4,S39,000; the Pacific Coast export
ed more wheat and flour than New York
by 5.000JOOO bushels In the fiscal year of
1903, the Coast total being 42,641.675 bush
els, or over one-fifth that of the entire
United States exports of wheat and flour.
"With these evidences of past growth
before us, Is it too much to expect that
future growth will be equally and pos
sibly more rapid?" asks the New York
Commercial and Financial Chronicle. "It
Is Idle to prophesy, but considering the
evidences of activity and development
which are so conspicuous on every side,
the efforts making to build up every va
cant "section, the Springing up of "new
centers of population," the multiplying of
steamship facilities, the acquisition by tho
United States of the Philippines and Ha
waii In view of all these things Is It
too sanguine to expect that 50 years hence
the Pacific Coast section will have as
sumed an even more advanced position
In tho march of commerce and trade?
Given such conditions can anyone speak
too confidently of the possibilities of the
Pacific Coast States?"
It Is the foundation for this eulogy on
which rests the Portland- Exposition. We
repeat the commemoration of the Lewi3
and Clark Centennial has no grander
conception, no fitter place In the minds
of men of things, than In the marking of
a great epoch of human progression by
a commercial monument of 1905 on the
Columbia. In 1805 two Americans stood
on the brink of the Pacific today twice
two millions. In 1S05 the sign manual of
American commerce on the Pacific shore
a pioneer's camp near the City of Port
land on the Columbia today the concep
tion of man Is below the task of the full
picturing of It but the greatness of It all
could not be morq fittingly monumental
ized than in the Exposition of 1005.
A Great Northwestern Fair.
Baltimore News.
The Portland Oroironlan. In its iam nt
January 1, published an elaborate, review
ot pusmess m Oregon for the year, an4
was filled from cover to cover with in
tensely Interesting information
ditlons In that section. Probably the most
important leature of the. issue Is the pub
lication of designs for the buildings of
the Lewis and Clark fair whJeh win no.
ume final shape this year, the promoters
or tne enterprise now waiting for definite
imormatlon as to the extent of the Gov
ernment's nronosed nartlclnatlon. tmi
lair, which The Oregonian has steadily
oocmea irom tne inception or the Idea,
Is to commemorate the exploration of tho
Oregon Country by tne Lewis and Clark
expedition, unuer instructions from Tr.oi-
dent Jefferson an expedition which made
possible the tremendous development of
me great JNortnwest Already a fund has
heen raised hv flrowin rA n.ni,k..i
Ul.4,AlLrUXlIIg
states reaching a present total of $2,000,000
jor me centennial ceieDratlon, and a bJH
is now Deiore congress contemplating the
appropriation of a sum small In mmrori.
son with the amount appropriated for
other similar purposes. Mr. H. W. Scott,
euuor oi xae uregopian, who is at the
head of the movement, believes It will
be an entire success.
Portland will not comnete nrfivi rrhi.
cago, Buffalo or St. Louis in the ele
gance and cost of Its exposition, but , the
... v.."nijii.tu m uu JCB3 im
portant to the people of that particular
section than the Loulslan Purchase Is
to the nfiODle Of the Vallev section. The
cause la a most worthy one. and there
seems tc be no good reason why Con
gress should not comply, without unnec
essary delay, with the rather modest re
quests of the celebrating Oregonlans.
The Oregonian In the Schools.
Oregon Teachers Monthly.
In the advanced division, or seventh
grade work, we lay particular stress on
our own state. If any -of the pupils
have traveled any, let them relate to the
class, or write compositions on, their
impressions of different places and cities.
Let them read The Oregonian about their
owp state -after mastering the contents
of their geographies While I am not an
agent for The Oregonian, I believe very
much in it as an educator, and think
that, It with the Bible and Shakespeare,
ought to be in every Oregonlan's home!
They ought especially to be in the hands
of the teacher. Children ought to be able
to draw a map of their own county, and
locate every town, river, mountain or place
of Interest or importance- They should
know all about the stages and railroads.
The principal productions and occupations
should be at their finger tips.
NOTE ANDC0MMENT.
More Army Correspondence.
The case of Mr. Webster's buggy, re
cently referred to in The Oresonian, shows
that red tape is not the exclusive posses
sion of the British army. The buggy in
question was damaged to the extent of $5
by a soldier on June IS last near Camp
Thomas, Ga. After a lengthy correspond
ence the matter of compensation to Mr.
Webster is now being considered by the
claims committee, of Congress.
trom Captain Jackson to Colonel Wayne.
Juie 1: I have the honor to report that Pri
vate Smith, while practicing on the rifle range
today, accidentally sent a hullet through tho
pants of BUI Jones, a boy ot 0, who was
etandlne In the vicinity of the target- l re
spectfully recoroniend that the boy be pro
vided wth a new pair of trousers.
From Colonel Wayne to Captain Jackson,
June 5: Referred for.blll.
From Captain Jacksonto Colonel Wayne,
June 7: Respectfully returned with bill.
v BILL.
unyted states Army dr to bill Jones 35
cents fur 1 pear pants.
From Colonel Wayne to General Bones, com
manding the Department of the East, June 17:
Respectfully referred. I recommend that the
recommendation of Captain Jackson be favor
ably received.
From General Bones to the Quartermaster
General, June 27: Respectfully referred.
From the Quartermaster-General tq General
Bones, July 7; Respectfully returned. Are
those trousers long or short?
From General Bones to Colonel Wayne. July
17: Respectfully returned for answer to above
question.
From Colonel Wayne to Captain Jackson.
July 57: Respectfully returned for answer to
above question.
From Captain Jackson to Colonel Wayne.
July 30: ' Respectfully answered short. I
recommend Immediate action 'as the boy Is
confined, to his bed until he receives new
pants.
From Colonel Wayne to General Bones. Au
gust 7: Respectfully returned.
From General Bones to the Quartermaster
General, August 17t Respectfully returned.
From tho Quartermaster-General to the Sec
retary of War, August 27: Respectfully re
ferred." There la no appropriation for supply
ing damaged trousers.
From the Secretary of War, to the Speaker,
September 27: Respectfully forwarded.
Referred to the committee on claims, Oc
tober 27.
Ordered to be printed, November 27.
From the Speaker to the Secretary of War,
April 30: Respectfully returned. An appro
priation of 35 cents has been made to supply
BUI Jones with a new pair of pants, or
trousers (short). V
From the Secretary of War to the Quartermaster-General.
May 30: Respectfully returned.
Tou are to purchase a pair ot pants or trous
ers (short).
From the Quartermaster-General to General
Bones, June 30: Respectfully returned. One
pair pants or trousers (short), enclosed.
From General Bones to Colonel Wayne,
July 31: Ditto.
From Colonel Wayne to Captain Jackson,
August 15: Ditto.
From Captain Jackson to Colonel Wayne,
August 10: Respectfully returned with one
pair of pants or trousers (short). Bilr Jones
has now grown too big for short pants.
It's a pity Patti.
A man has been saved from hanging by
the bacillus diplocapulatus aerogenes.
And he probably will never have the
chance to thank his deliverer.
The inquiry into the safety of our
churches is a good idea. Whatever pro
tection religion affords against fire In the
next world, It fares no better than folly
before a blaze in this.
A Portland woman sues for divorce be
cause her husband smokes In bed. And
yet how many patient women silently en
dure worse treatment How many un
complaining wives have husbands that
snore.
In the Amalagamted and Heinze cop
per war a gorgeous melodrama fs ready
to the hand of an enterprising manager.
Millionaires and miners, trials in court
and underground murders,, .explosions and
arrests, all kinds of characters and scene?
are waiting to thrill the public
The following paragraph is from the
Herald, published In Boston for Bostoniac
reading:
Caroline U. Dall, with true womanly fervor
and sympathy, pitches Into the author of ona
of the new books for children for writing
about a hen sitting on eggs. Hens don't
sit. They set, even as doth the sun.
And just as the hen had been set at
rest In Oregon.
If a man may not take bis ease in his
Inn, or the restaurant. Its modern equiv
alent, where Is he to find peace? Regard
for a moment the sad case of A. E. Jones,
who sought to gratify his palate and
nourish his body with a piece of pie.
Entering a restaurant near one of Port
land's most prominent corners, Mr. Jones
asked the waiter for the pie his heart
longed for. He specified apple pie. The
waiter brought a piece of mince, and Mr.
JOnes objected that ho had ordered apple.
Grieved beyond his expression that his
judgment should be doubted and bis
mlhce pie slighted, the waiter procured
a revolver, and threatened grevious dam
age to Mr. Jones, who sought the aid of
a policeman. It seems strange that a man
who can look unmoved upon restaurant
pie should falter before a revolver, but
there Is bravery of all kinds.
v - WEX. J.
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
" 'Tls better to have loved and lost" I
began. "Than won!" Interrupted the stranger
harshly. From this remark I Inferred that he
paid alimony. Puck.
Mrs. Gramercy Has she gone South this
Winter for business or pleasure? Mrs. Park
I really couldn't say. Tou see, I don't know
whether her two marriageable daughters are
with her. Town Topics.
Hojax I thought you intended to marry Miss
Coldcash? Tomdlx I thought so, too: but her
family objected. Hojax What did Mias Cold
cash say? Tomdlx Oh, she's one of. the fam
ily, you know. Chicago News.
Mr. Jinks I see the editor of the Trumpet la
havlns trouble with his wife. She wants a
divorce. Mrs. Jinks I don't wonder. He was
always printing articles about housework be
ing healthful. New York Weekly.
Mrs. Noobrlde The surest proof that a man
loves his wife Is when he buys her everything
she wants. Mrs. Eider Not at all. The surest
proof Is when he buys her everything she wants
and doesn't growl about it. Philadelphia
Press.
"Who is this, man who Is telling us that he
has found a way of exterminating
mosquitoes?" "He's the same man who last
July was exulting over the fact that he had
found a cheap substitute for coal." Washing
ton Star.
"1 suppose," said the visitors, as he paused
at the humorist's desk, "It is your business to
be funny." "Not at all," replied the iaugh
provoker. "It's my business to extract bread
and butter from the smiles of the multitude.''
Chicago News.
"We had known each other slightly," said
Miss Ewy Waite. "but never to speak to un
til one day while out skating I fell down
quite near him, and" Ah! yes," replied Miss
Peppery, "that broke the Ice, of course."
Philadelphia Press.
"When It comes to cake." she said, tilting
her nose ever so slightly, "a man's Ignorance
Is colossal. What do you know, for instance,
about angel food?" "I think I know the kind,
that the only anrel of my acquaintance likes,"
whispered yaung Spoonamare. handing her a
box of fudges. Chicago Tribune.
Patient Is It because I'm better or worse
that you changed the prescription last time?
Doctor Neither ray dear, sir. My friend,
the druggist, was all out of one of the things
called for by former prescription, and. of
course, 1 thought It no more than right to
put In, something Instead that he did have.
Boston Transcript.