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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 20, 1903)
iff HOW OLD IS ANN? Busy Brains Baffled . Troublesome Question. by PROBLEM PERPLEXES THE CITY Affair of BHslaesB aai State Dropped for Mathematical Excur sion Tlind S. Potter Digs Up Ills Algebra and Answers. how old is Airarr Mary la 24 years old- ilary Is twice as old -as Ana was -when Mary was aa old as Ann now is. How old is Ann? Whether gambling: shall finally be U censed or closed; whether the Lewis and Clark appropriation bill will pass Con gress; whether street improvements shall continue; whether Portland shall prosper, and even whether the Press Club vaudeville shall score its usual 'hit this year, have all sunk Into the class of matters having minor Importance. The members of the Executive Board no long er spend sleepless nights wrestling with problems of new ferry-boats and bridges and municipal reform; city omlcals no longer annex gray hairs by figuring out the details of city administration. All such activity has been suspended for the time being. How old is Ann? That is the issue of real importance. And several new sections are being add ed to the padded cell -department at Salem, for if there Is a general persist ency in working the problem, these new Quarters will become a erring need. After playing havoc with the" minds of Eastern offlicals and business men and residents generally, and pilfering hours of good time, thus possibly retard ing the growth of thg nation, the per plexing little jprobleni has swept into Portland .with the suddenness of a plague. Henceforth when you see one of your friends with swollen eyes, disheveled locks and sleepy countenance the usual con clusion that he has been bandying with Jonathan Barleycorn may by no means be drawn. Nor when the man with the vituperative wife shows up with a hand ful of hair missing, does it Indicate fur ther domestic infelicity. Like the man witn me sleepy countenance, he may have been trying to figure out how many Summers have passed over the head of Miss Ann. If the grocery boy does not arrive on time In the morning; if the street-car is half an hour late; if Some one tries to rob you and your cries for a policeman are not heeded; If you want to draw on your account and the bank officials are too busy to wait on you; if the dentist hasn't time to pull your aching tooth, or if your home catches fire and the de partment doesn't answer. In fact, if anything happens, you should not lose your patience. Everyone is busy trying to reach a mathematical conclusion as to Ann's relationship with Father Time. Jt Is only such as have found the answer or given up in despair that have time for worldly trifles. And the man with the patent nerve tonic for sale alone Is happy. Perhaps at no places in Portland was greater brain pressure brought to bear on this problem yesterday than In the offices of city officials. Mayor Williams was shown the prob lem early in the afternoon, and when an answer was called Xor some hours later," the chief executive was found stretched at full length on an office 6ofa, his face adorned with a worn expression, while he was trying to decide whether or not to submit it to the Executive Board. There Is talk among the members of that organization of appointing a How Old Is Ann committee to handle the problem should it be passed up to them. In the office of the City Auditor, Ann's age was the center about which most activity was gathered. Auditor Devlin wrestled with the problem extensively and said that he had not reached a mathe matlc solution, but would estimate that Ann had recently eaten her twelfth birth day cake. Chief Deputy Auditor S. Grutze com plained of a sleepless night on account of tho- problem and expressed a desire to meet the original propounder out in the dark some time. He said he would lose another night's sleep but what he found the correct answer. Other city employes are absorbed in the problem, and say all they need Is time, to get the answer. Down at the headquarters of the Lewis and Clark Exposition several attaches ex pressed an ability to worK the problem, but after dallying with it a good portion of the afternoon, wero as far from a so lution as ever. Secretary Giltner, of the State Commission, said the problem looked easy, but he had been out in tho woods and his brain wasn't in good work ing order. Secretary Heed said he could work it In a minute, but had a headache and would rather be excused. Being In formed that one of such genius should sacrifice his personal feelings to the good of his fellow beings Mr. Reed read the problem through carefully a dozen times cr so and took it under advisement Until 10 A..M. today. Along "Railroad Row," every man, from 'the president down to the office boy, is trying to figure out the shortest route to arrive at an answer. Orders have been thrown to tho wind, the throttle has been pulled wide open and everybody is racing to arrive at Ann's station of life. More theoretical bridgeware being constructed, across methematical chasms than it wouia taxe to bridge the' Pacific. Tho nign-up official has hunted up his old algebra and is busy studying X, Y, Z equa tions, while the engineer is trying to find a bench-mark so he can turn off a few angles and see what the problem really Is. The freight man sits at his desk half burled under telegrams about strayed cars and such like. Be is busy trying to dis cover whether Ann is an old maid or not Even the stenographer tries to get a chance between words to figure a little about Ann 24 Mary twice as old, and such like. The ticket man don't care whether any one travels or not. He is trying to get a free pass over the mathematical road to Ann's age. A. D. Charlton, of the Northern Pacific read the problem. He had his stenog rapher strike off a few carbon copies, and in a few minutes everyono was busy fill ing sheets of paper with figures. "How old is Ann? Mary's twice as old as Ann when Mary, Ann Is, was oh. who In blankety blank ever Invented this thing anyhow!" Then Mr. Charlton disappeared in his private office and reappeared with the announcement that he thought Ann must be 24 years old. H. S. Rowe. of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St- Paul, looked at the problem and remarked that he guessed he didn't want to know Ann's age anyhow, because it wouldn't be polite to ask her. However, Thad Potter, secretary of the Civil Service Commission, made short work of the problem. He read It through carefully, gave a contemptuous sneer and seized his pencil. simple as can be," tam Mr. Potter, "it I THE MO&Nljfe OKJLGOiAy, TOKSUAF, OCTOUJSll 2U, lyus. can be done either by algebra or simpler mathematics. "I will do it by algebra." "Now we will let X equal Ann's present age.". "And Y equal the difference between her age and Mary's. "Then, of course, X plus .T equals 24. "By the conditions of the problems 24-2 equals X minus T; or to reduce it to simpler form 24 equals 2X minus 2Y, and thus minus 2X plus 2Y equals minus 24. "Then X minus Y equals 12; and X plus Y equals 24; and accordingly 2X equals SG. X, as any one can see, therefore, equals IS, which is what we are looking for Ann's age. Nothing simpler in the world." At a late hour last night a man whose identity could not be learned was re ported to have burst out the door of his study on East Tenth street and ran down the street shouting In the hysterical tones of. one who has been driven suddenly and hopelessly insane: "How old is Ann-n-n?" Bright Woman's Axuivrer. PORTLAND, Oct 19. (To the Editor.) Following to what I consider a correct so lution of the problem which, according to the Chicago Tribune has been a puzzle to their "big men" and "commercial giants." Since the men seem to have failed, I thought the ladles might have a trial at the perplexing question. Ann Is neither 12 nor 24, but IS, which I think the following algebraic problem will prove. If, however. It be wrong, will some one kindly point out the error? PROBLEM. 'Mary Is 24 years old. Mary Is twice as old as Ann was when Mary was as old as Ann is now. How old is Ann?" PROOF. X equals Mary's age. Y equals Ann's age. D equals difference in ages. X2 plus p equals Y. X minus" D equals Y. ' . X2 plus D equals X minus D. Changing equations X2 minus X equals minus D nlus minus Reducing X minus 2X equals minus 2D ulus minus in or, minus a. equals minus 4D. Changing 6igns X cauals CD. X equals Mary's age, or 24 years. 24 equals 4D. D equals G years (difference). According to second statement In proof jk. minus jj eauais X. Substituting values for letters 24 minus 6 equals IS, Ann's age. aii uvea Ann is is. six years nc-n Mary was "as old as Ann is now" 1S and Ann was then 12. Twice 12 equals 24, or -Mary-s age. EL S. G. BANDITS IN TOWN Two Hold-Ups by Same Cou ple in One Night TH0UGHTTO BE HEWBERG GANG First Victim .Drives Them Off With. One Blow of Fiat, and Second Gives .Up 15 Cents Scene o Two Uold-Upa Far Apart. HOT AFTER MINE OWNERS Snrgent Believes He Has Unearthed Bigr Immigration Fraud. "WASHINGTON, Oct. 15. Evidence has been collected by the Bureau of Immigra tion, Department of Commerce and Labor, of a systematic and extensive violation of the contract labor law. Commissioner- General Sargent has submitted the evl-t ucubu me oupariment oi justice and has requested the Attorney-General to in stitute proceedings against the alleged violators of the law. The case in hand Involves hundreds of men, many of whom already are in this country. Others are en route to the United States and ex pected to arrive in a few days. xne men are welsh coal miners and camo to the United States under an al leged agreement to work for the Ells worth Coal Company, of Ellsworth, Pa. Miners Detained at Philadelphia. PHILADELPHIA. Oct 19.-Twenty-e!ht persons, one of them a woman, comnrlsn a party of "Welsh miners who are detained in tnis city on suspicion of being con tract laborers. They arrived on th steamship Haverford from Liverpool yes terday and were landed today. Officers of the United Mineworkers of America are largely responsible for tho detention of the party.. That the gang of bandits who so des perately tfTed to blow open the vault of the Newberg bank Monday morning are In Portland attempting to ralso funds by highway robberies is tho conviction of the Police Department after two hold ups had been reported early last evening. Hidden with black masks and protect ed with revolvers, two highwaymen held up two men in widely separated portions of the city, and yet closely allied by street-car connections. Only an hour after nightfall did the robbers begin their work. Repulsed In the first Instance, tho police believe the identical men crossed the river and held up a bicyclist A man supposed to be a Puget Sound lumberman, standing at 'the corner of Twenty-first and Savier streets at 7 o'clock, was victim No. L He was look ing at his purse when two men stole up behind him. He had seen the men walk ing near him for some distance, but had paid no attention to them. "Give us that purse or we shoot!" said one, at the same time leveling a pistol at the Intended victim's head. The other followed suit but with two revolv ers aimed at him, the unknown man jumped forward and before the high waymen knew what was coming struck the foremost a blow In the face so se vere that the right forefinger of the as sailant's hand was injured and, as he believes, broken. Bobbers Flee and Try Again. So unexpected was the sudden chang ing of positions of robber and victim that the man who was uninjured took' to his heels and fled down Savier street into the darkness. The fog. which hung like a blanket over tho city at the time aided in the escape of both, for the rob ber who had been struck followed the example of his companion. The man who had the nerve to fight two armed highwaymen was seen soon after by Officer Sloan, but refused to givo nis name. "I don't live in Portland and I don't want it known that I'm here." he said. It is known, however, that a short time earlier he had left the office of the Western Lumber Company, where he had been in conference with several of the local lumbermen. It was three-quarters of an hour after and two miles away that the next hold up took place. "William Towcll, a young man living at Mount Tabor, was riding out East Burnside street on his bicycle. At the corner of East Twenty-sixth, he was met by two masked men who. armed with pistols, ordered him from his wheel and made a search of his clothing. Fif teen cents was all tho booty the high waymen received. Again did the fog aid In the robbers' retreat. Descriptions Are the Snmc. Meager as are the descriDtions of the highwaymen received by 'the police, they tives and policemen believe the North Portland and the East Portland robbers are the same persons. I The neighborhood of East Burnside and ' East Twenty-sixth streets is solidly lined ! with houses of the better class. It is ( one of the most fashionable districts of , the East Side. The sudden outbreak of holdups, com- ' lng on the night following the attempt ' to enter the Newberg bank, leads every ; one around the police station to the be- 1 lief that the bandits who terrorized New berg are trying to raise funds with which to' leave the country before they are traced and caught. Extra precautions ha'o ' been taken against the entry of undesirable charac ters Into the city, but the men acting as peaceable citizens could easily have come into Portland by any of the several Civil ', country roads at any time yesterday. the i . xiow many were in ine gang or would- be bank robbers, what they looked like, or who they were, is more than anyone in Newberg can tell, so the chance of picking up any of the bandits In the city is small indeed. r Meier & Frank Company Great Special Sale of Trunks at $5.65 and $8.95. Meier (& Frank Company Continuation of the Great Picture Sale 2d Flior. Artistic Picture Framing to your order Immense new line of Moldings Orders promptly executed. 2d Floor. z - "uuwiu "yu neuters iwo sryies vaiue extraordinary at vs. to and $7.65.1 new ouverware ana uai oiass enormous showing of the very newest patterns and styles -Basement. Emphatic Bargains in Every Bargains of unusual merit greet the store visitor at every turn. , October has never be- fore quite equaled the purchasing opportunities of today. Throngs of eager buy ers crowded thft afsl jfwoiuuay um wc vc jiuvaucu su generously mar mere s no chance for disappointment for those who come "today. Economical women will scan the list carefully. $1.50; $2.00 Underwear 1 (Q Closing out our Nutley" ribbed underwear for women, white and blue mixed,sizes3 and 4only,silk trimmed, very best style and quality Great bargain. Ladies' Flannel Gowns Ladies' Outing Flan nel Night Robes, oink and blue stripes, tucked and braid trimming, all great value at 79C sizes, 45 c Knives 32 c 32c 1000 Sted Butcher Knives, a necessity in every household, 6Hn. size, reg.,45c val. 32c Basement. Brussels Rugs V new Brussels rugs 9 ft. x 12 ft. Beau tiful designs and colorings, exceptional value 'at $17.50. Take Elevators Third Floor. Ribbed Corset Covers Ladies' Swiss ribbed corset covers. Hih neck,Iong sleeves,wellmade, neatly trimmed, all sizes, great bargain at 33c. $1.75 Curtains $1.2? pair 1 If 100 PaIrs of Ruf ,4 fled Net Curtains, lace edging and insertion, 3 yards long, very desirable style, $1.27 pafr. 75c Mirrors. 29c 200 French plate toi- Q( let mirrors. 75c is what you pay for hem regu larly everywhere. Special for this lot, 29c each At drug department. Tinted Center Pieces 500 tinted center pieces in white and dark linens, choice designs, great special value at 25c ea. Free embroidery lessons on same 2d Floor. 60c Flannels 44c 44c 3 Iots new flannel Waistings, etamine stripes,satin striped albatross and mercerized novelties the regular 60c values. Boys' Overcoats $4.35 $4.35 oy' 2 X Fancy Plaid and Oxford Gray Overcoats, vel vet collar, ages 4 to 15 years, great special value at $4.35. $3.50 Suit Cases. $2.87 40 sheep covered y suit cases, top and bottom straps around case, 424 inch size. Regular $3.50 value, for this sale, $2.87 Third floor. 85c Taffeta Silks, 59c One week more of the ereat sale of our 85c wash taffeta silks at 59c. Choice of 30 leading shades. The best values of season Suitable for waists or lining. 50c Books 23c - 23c Cloth-bound 12-mo. books, 250 titles, stan dard authors, all the regular 50c books, great bargain,23c. 35c Waistings 25c 25c 2500 yds. of Oxfords and Cheviots in best stripes and colorings for Win ter Waists, reg. 35cline25cyd Upholstery Materials All our handsome I A fff upholstery mate- r rials, tapestries, French Go belin materials, Indian and Oriental striped goods, etc. Choice of the entire stock at one-fourth off. Slincowner Enters Strong Denial. PITTSBURG. Oct. 19.-J. W. Ellsworth president of the Ellsworth Coal Company which Is accused of Importing "Welsh miners to work at Ellsworth, Pa., according- to dispatches from Washington wiring from New York tonight, makes an emphatic denial that either he or his onm. pany had made any arrangement with foreign miners or their agents tp that end. POLITICS CAN'T COUNT. Civil Service Officials WHo Were Ite- moved Will Be Reinstated. WASHINGTON. Oct. 19. Th Service Commission has rennet a Treasury Department to reinstate Charles tinier. Aaam Kltchle, Thomas Devlno and Howard Cole, watchmen els P. Rodden, roller in the United States Mint at Philadelphia. the Commission found to have heen for political reasons: six unclassified labor ers, all Republicans, having been detail ed to perform the dutlo nf tvi. DemocraUc watchmen who werp romnvM ! Pastr of Smart Set at Newport Holds Tho President has taken nwuit jnt; ! Up Evils to View. In thft vi;n anA V.o l.i.i.j ... ! conditions aTr, Tt I'V. J"e I NEWPORT, R. L, Oct. 19.-Some of the . "V- " tiiur- . nllpr-pfl evils of sorlftv Men's Night Shirts Men's Flannelette Night Robes in the very best patterns and color ingsbig, full sizes, great specialvalue at 62c each. DEMONS OF SOCIETY. flagrant violations of the law. Th sun. retary of the Treasury takes the same position. Church, Treasurer Short S50.000. .NEW YORK. Oct. 15.-Rev. John T Peters, of St. Michael's Protestant Epis copal Church, has announced that th defalcation of church funds hv Edson, treasurer of the parish, whn killed Mrs. Fannie Pullen and committed suicide several months asro. amounted tn $59,000. Of this amount $10,000, the rector stated, had been returned to the church by the wife of Mr. Edson in making oi'er to the church two life insurance policies. part oi tne remainder will fall upon bank through Its liability In connection with the forgeries. Havo you friends comlnjr from th ttv, If so. send their names to the Denver & Rio Grande office. 121 Third street, Port land. Or have been held up to the view of a large audience hore In Emmanuel Church by Rev. Dn E. H. Porter. The church Is in the heart of the- cottage colony, and many of the fash ionable cottagers are included in Its mem bership. "The demons of society," said he, "are intemperance. Impurity, dishonesty, gam bling, bribery, perjury and divorce; rot tenness in our civilization. Our days may be no worse than other dajs, but they arc bad enough. We ask ourselves If Christ's teachings and influence aro'wan ing with the increasing centuries of time. Why cannot society cast out its own evils? "There are many in society who lament and deplore these evils, but society, on the whole, docs not care enough about Its evils to seek-to cast them out. Some day it will." 35c Waistings 25c 3000 yards of heavy white waistings. bas ket weaves and Madras, de sirable styles, the regular 35c values for 25c per yard. Men's Pants $3.85 Men's Worsted and fflnnv Tti7rt Pants, neat gray stripes, all sizes Pants worth $5.00 per pair at the low pi-ice of $3.85 "4?11" Toilet Water 39c 300 bottles of the fa mous "4711" toilet water. Regular 59c bottle. Great special for this sale, 39c Drug department. $6 5 o'cIoclTTeas $4.3? 15 handsomr 5 o'clock tea kettles with wrought iron stands useful and orna mental. Chance to buy a wedding or holiday gift at a saving Basement. 25c Waistings 1 2c a yard 2500 yards of ladies' fancy Waisting in all the most desirable stripes and colorings, regular 25c values at 12c yard Flannel Dept. Men's Pants S4.35 $4 35 Mn's all-wool -Worsted Fancy Tweed and Cheviot Pants brown and gray mixtures and gray gray stripes. Nottingham Lace Curtains 200 pairs of Not- 1 fl Q ingham lace cur- P tains, three and one-half yds long, 50 in. wide, the regular $1.50 val., $1.19 pr. 3d Fir. Matting Remnants AH the best grades, patterns -and colorings, 1 to 0-yard iengtns da rioor. 31c grrades for. Sue Kriulen 102 ,21c yard luc yard 2Ma Krades for. 13c yard vAll splendid bargains. Combination Suits 59c "Stratford" combina tion suits for women. cotton ribbed, heavy fleece lined, button across the chest, white or natural color. Great bargain at 59c. English Linoleum We are show- CI Aftsq. ing an im- H 13Vyd. mense variety of choice de signs in English inlaid Lino leum. Our own direct im portation, at the low price of $1.60 per sq. yd. $10 Chafing Dishes $7.78 Just a doz. hand- fc? some chafing dishes. The latest improved style that sells regularly at $10.00. This lot at $7.78. Boys' Suits $2.85 Boys all-wool, 2- QS piece double breasted suits in dark mix tures, ages 8 to 15 yrs. Reg ular $3.50 values at $2.85. $ 1.00 Underwear ?9c Men's natural wool jfQfs Shirts and drawers, well made and finished, all sizes, the regular $1.00 gar ments, for the. extraordinary low price of 79c each. 50c Laundry Bags. 27c 200 handsome white laundry bags. Blue, red and green embroidered. Large size, value extraordin ary at the low price of 27c Second floor. Snail Are Wild Anlmala. New York Times. LOQJSVILT.E. Ky.-"Wild Animals", was ace A Full Bast In an A Full bust In La Orecque ordinary Corset Cover. Bnst Supporting Corset Cover La Grecque Bust Supporting Corset Cover. Is indispensable to a full fnnire'in a Shirtwaist, becansfi if. , rl of a fitted lining, and holds a full bust firmly irithont shifting or sagging in any position, even in an extreme low-bust" corset. It brings the bust forward, making a full figure narrower. It is adjustable at shoulders, bust and waist, so that each figure is fitted exactly. Has no seams, wrinkles or superfluous fullness anywhere: .cannotKpush up. The heaviest figure will never be unsightly in this gar- Prices, $1.50 up. MEIER & FRANK 00., Pfitb, Morrison & Alder sk, Portland. ' The Great Soap Sale "4711" Glycerine Soap.... 11c Cuticura Soap . .' 14c Sapolta, cake 6c Fairy Soap, dozen 32c 25c 2-lb. bar Castile 13c Colgate's Med. Tar 9c Jergen's Pine Tar, doz 31c Jap. Pine Tar, 3 in box, 25c value Genuine Olive Oil 3 3-4-lb. bars 7 bars Santa Claus for 25c Genuine Imported French Al mond Oil Castile Soap, .Q- 4-pound bar , HtsG 12 cakes Standard Soap for 25c Anti-Rust Soap, 15c value 8c Andrew Jergen's Oatmeal, Pal metto, Elderberry and Turkish Soaps, dozen C Jap. Rose Glycerine Soap 7c Kirk's Glycerine Soap, 3 in box, 25c value 9-inch bars Glycerine Soap 6c Transparent Glycerine, doz. 32c Williams' Shaving Stick, ea. 13c Williams' Shaving Cake 5c Milk Weed and Witch Hazel Soaps, Egyptian Rose, Rose of Persia, Sweet Vio- 1 let, 3 cakes in box w Andrew Jergen's Soaps, 3 cakes i 1 T1 J a an uua, uu uuurs, spec ial, box Jergen's Old Fashioned Soaps, large cakes of Oatmeal Glycerine, etc, cake C Packer's Tar Soap 12c Pears' Soap, cake; 10c Woodbury's Facial, cake ...11c Satin Skin Soap, 2 cakes . . .25c Pears' Transparent Soap. . . 12c Curative Skin Soap, 3 A cakes in box, 25c value Kirk's Juvenile Soap, large, 12c Roger & Gallet Violet EL de Parme, cake JvC Roger & Gallet's Soap, cake 25c Armour'sToiIet,allodors 3 cks in box, reg. 25c v. Andrew Jergen's 10c Toilet. Soap, at C Lubin's Soap, cake. 26c, 41c, 65c Black Goods Sale Great Annual Fall Sale of Black Dress Fabrics. Entire stock marked at big reductions. Included will be found all our handsome new "Priestley" fabrics, etamines. granite cloths, voiles, cheviots', broadcloths, zibelines, whipcords; in all the best grades and styles. $1.50 Wrappers 89 cents Bargain extraordinary in Flannel ette Wrappers -75 dozen of them in the very best patterns and col orings, braid and ruffle trimmed, ' full flounce skirt, figures, stripes and polka dots black and white, red, gray, blue, etc., all sizes. Every wrapper worth $1.50, your choice while they last at, each c Second Floor $1.00 Fab. $ .8? 1.0? 1.29 1 .75 Fab. 1.53 2.00 Fab. $ 1 .63 2.25 Fab. 1.9? 2.1? 3, Great Special Bargains in Pictures 2d Floor. $ 18, $22,50 Suits, $ 1 4.45 Great special offering of Ladies Man-Tailored Suits. These suits are all long coat styles in Norfolks, jackets and blouses in fancy brown and gray, tweeds, men's mixtures. black and blue cheviots and blue zibelines, plain or pleated skirts, tailored coats with strapped seams, all sizes, the very beat $18.00 .to S22.50 values The majority are $20 and $22.50 Suits Today and tomorrow $ 1 4.45 Linen Sale B?.f?f ,rKLfeel?AaI0?ers Opting in ma uuca ui uwis unens. IB " Meier & Frank Company Meier &. Frank Company Meier & Frank Company Meier &. Frank Company M M the classlflcaUon under -which a bushel of snails. Imported from Italy by a Louis ville fruit dealer, had to pay duty In the Custom House here. The snail3 came with a big shipment of lemone, and wero In a closed basnet. When the custom officials found they ornaments, pets, or for breeding purposes, were Intended for the Louisville dealer's so the offldals trld imakes. without any table, but concluded that duty was success. necessary but they were at a loss under ; The Louisville man said he was wllllne What head to put them. Tho fcimtnmi : t na-r- rti.tv (t,m ,,a -t i ruies make no jaenUoa of snails as food, the customs officials let them go at that. T hen the bucket was opved and th shone In the snails quietly eam mi their shells to stretch themsehS ?fVi confinement of about a mgftS. ter a