THE MORNING OREGONIAN," TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1903.
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TODAY, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22
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AND ALL THE REST OF THE WEEK
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GRA
OPENING
DAY
MULTNOMAH FAIR ASSOCIATION
I RVINGTOIN PARK
LIVESTOCK EXHIBITION and 7 HORSE RACES
Rain or Shine .
ADMISSION 50c GRANDSTAND FREE
Races Begin at 2 P. M. No Delays
STREET-CARS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE CITY
SUPERB MUSIC DAILY
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FUNGOUS DISEASE IN FRUIT TREES
Read before the Eleventh National Irrigation Congress at Ogden,
Utah, by Col. Henry E. Dosch, of Oregon.
Just 40 years ago our mutual friend.
Senator Fred J. Klesel, of your city, and
myself, first landed In, this valley, after
a two months' tramp across the plains, or
what was then known as the Great
American Desert. Coming out of Emi
grant Canyon our eyes feasted on the
beautiful fields and gardens which
stretched out before us, a veritable oasis
In the derert It was the first Mormon
settlement, a picture of peace, happiness,
contentment and plenty, which will ever
remain green and fresh In our memories,
while the surrounding foothills and pla
teaus were covered with sagebrush and
greasewood. There was scarcely any grass
that stock could feed upon; the home
of the rattlesnake and jackrabblt
We wondered then what all this coun
try was wasted for, little dreaming what
wealth and plant food was stored away In
this parched soil, awaiting the brawn
and brain and genius of man, to convert
this sagebrush land into grain fields,' Into
frult-bearlng orchards, Into vast alfalfa
fields, so the sheep, horses and cattle
could supplant the Jackrabblt and bring
affluence and comfort to thousands of
aappy homes scattered over this vast
area, which had only known the tepee and
wiklup of the Indian.
The subject assigned to me Is "Fungus
Diseases In Fruit Trees." This would be
most interesting at a meeting of fruit
growers, but could not help'but be a very
"dry" subject at an Irrigation conven
tion, and Is only applicable in the ab
stract, as it exists on irrigated and non
Irrigated lands. The first thought which
arises is "What Isi fungus?" Webster de
fines the word "fungus" as a cryptaga
mus plant, or flowerless plant, one which
does not fructify byjneans usual to
to others. "A parasite fungus, as a plant
that grows and lives on another, or deriv
ing nourishment from some other living
thing."
A fungus (plural fungi) is a low form
of plant. It has neither green stems nor
leaves and therefore appends for its food
upon other plants, or upon animals.
Sometimes fungi live upon dead plants
or animals or upon their products, and
sometimes they live upon other living
plants or upon living animals. They are
very numerous and differ greatly among
themselves In form, structure and habits
of life. Fungi sooner or later produce
small round or oval bodies called spores.
These spores under favorable .conditions
produce new fungi. They are not de
stroyed by ordinary weather conditions
and often live over Winter In fields and,
orchards. Sometimes they remain alive
for several years In the soil and other
suitable places, and begin their growth
when the conditions are favorable. Many
fungi are very small and only to be seen
when greatly magnified. These .fungi,
when once fastened upon their host can
only be destroyed, or at least kept in
check by persistent spraying. The sub
ject of "What is a host plant?" "What is
a fungicide?" "Why should we spray?"
"Why we should spray early and late,"
"Why is it necessary to spray more than
once?" "How often It is necessary to
spray?" "Why is it necessary to spray
every year?" "Will spraying prevent
plant disease?" and, "Will -It pay to
spray?" are all pertinent questions and
material factors In horticulture: hut these
subjects are so far reaching and enlle.s
that we cannot discuss them at this time.
The study of fungi and fungus diseases
therefore Is, for many reasons, beyond
the field of the ordinary fruitgrowers or
layman, so far as classification, life his
tory, or remedies are concerned, and we
can take up this question, only as It ap
plies to fruit trees on Irrigated and non
Irrigated land.
The most prevalent of these fungous dis
eases are "monilla fructlglna," infesting
the fruit of plum and prune trees: bitter
rot, which Infects principally the apple
and has become so pronounced and defied
the best-known spray remedies that in
lome districts, notably In tho East, come
varieties, especially the Baldwin, cannot
be grown successfully and produce mar
ketable fruit; the black rot of the grape,
which has destroyed so many beautiful
vineyards on tho Atlantic seaboard; crater
blight of the pear tree, or fire blight, as it
is "perhaps best known, and dead spot, or
anthracnose, so deadly to the apple tree.
Some of these fungous diseases are more
pronounced on trees planted on wet or un
dralned soils, while others live equally
well on dry or wet soils, and again trees
planted on soils not properly conditioned
grow slow, become weak and more liable
to disease than trees planted on soil suit
able to their healthy growth, and there
fore in a better condition to resist and
throw oft diseases. This brings us to the
topic most interesting to this convention.
The subject of irrigation, or In other
words, where the water is controlled by
man as needed, rather than depend on
the heavens for it, has always had'a great
fascination for me, and It is not .only in
teresting, but the study of which in its
varied phases as applied to plant life is
as scientific as" any other which" enters
into the growing of grain or fruit. I
therefore hailed with delight, while a
Commissioner of the Oregon State Board
of Horticulture, a request to investigate
and report upon the adaptability of the
arid region of Eastern Oregon and' Idaho
to fruit culture under irrigation. Upon
visiting that region I found a number of
small plantations, and only one commer
cial orchard, that of the IC S. & D. Fruit
Co., near Arcadia, Or., and soon observed
that there was a noticeable difference in
the health and growth of these fruit trees,
planted. Irrigated and cared for under the
same conditions. Here was a problem not
readily explained, nor the question aris
ing, "What is the cause?" easily an
swered, which made it all the more in
teresting. I soon found, however, that
some spots In these orchards were wetter
than others, and upon these wet spots
the trees were more or less diseased. I
asked the question whether these wet
spots received more water than the drier
spots, but was assured that the entire
plantation was treated alike, which
brought me to the conclusion that the
trouble lay in the soil Itself. I caused
holes to be dug, and very soon came upon
hardpan, w'hich I had suspected was all
the cause of it Upon further investiga
tion we discovered that most of the bench
land and plateaus of this entire region
was underlaid with an undulating stratum
of hardpan. impervious to water or roots.
I found that the top soil varied from six
inches to eight feet in depth, according
to the undulation of the hardpan. and the
thickness of this stratum of hardpan from
three Inches to 15 Inches. Underneath this
hardpyn wo found gravelly loam, rich In
plant food, but not available on account
of this hardpan. Now. the conclusion I
arrived at and which, after, some years
of experimenting, has proved a correct
one. Is that the roots of these fruit trees
planted In the shallow soil "spots soon
reached the hardpan, and being unable to
penetrate, spread out upon it. These
roots not only very soon consume all the
available plant food, .and In consequence
Mopped-growlrig. starved and became fee
ble, but irrigation, causing these enfee
bled roots to remain constantly In water,
made them an easy prey of and unable to
resist the attacks of fungous diseases.
I am inclined to the opinion that these
Hardpan conditions exist in all arid re
gions", for which there Is but one remedy
dynamiting the soil. It Is an easy and "in
expensive process. Bore a three-inch hole
Into the hardpan. then Insert a stick of
dynamite and some powder If found neces
sary, attach a fuse, light it and the
work Is done. This will shatter the hard
pan for a considerable distance, which
permits the roots to go down, prolongs the
life of the tree, and makes them healthier
and therefore easier to resist fungus dis
ease attacks. I am further of the opin
ion that if the soil is properly dynamited
irrigation vri not only be more perfect
but less water will be required, which Is
a great factor In regions where water Is
not plentiful or is expensive, for double
the amount of land can be covered than
under the old system. Instead of evapor
ating on shallow soils under the hot sun
In all arid regions, the water will perco
late down Into the storehouses below, to
be brought up when needed by capillary
attraction and proper cultivation.
That this theory Is correct is evidenced
by the fact that wherever it has been
tried, since I first advocated it some six
years ago, It has proven successful. Kind
ly permit me to quote a very noted case
by way of illustration: Mr. David Dun
bar, near Vale, Malheur County, Eastern
Oregon, had planted an orchard, but It
did pot do well. The trees grew slowly,
were feeble and diseased. After five years
of experimentingfhis hired man, evident
ly a progressive fellow, who had read the
report I made at that time, suggested
dynamiting, which they did, and planted
an orchard alongside the old one, and
now these latter trees are three times the
size of the old ones, are strong, healthy
and bear abundant crops of fruit H. E.
Myer, of Boise City, and Chas. H. Ander
son of Boise City, Idaho, who have made
experiments In orchards already planted
by -dynamiting between the rows of trees
have'-wrought very beneficial results. It
also seems to me that dynamiting of soils
underlaid by hardpan can not help but be
beneficial for grain and alfalfa fields by
yielding larger crops for reasons stated
above.
Irrigation Is as yet not fully understood.
The turning on of a lot of water to flood
the land Is not Irrigation In the full sense
the word Implies. People who settle on
lands covered by irrigation canals and
reservoirs must be educated not only in
the use of water. Haut in the existing soil
conditions in order to obtain" the best re
sults. I therefore hold that fungus dis
eases in fruit trees, on arid lands, but
especially on irrigated soils, can be
largely controlled by placing the top soil
and dynamiting the hardpan subsoil and
bring both into the condition best calcu
lated to keep the trees In a growing
healthy state to resist these fungus at
tacks, and should perchance some fungus
spores find lodgment in an orchard, the
spray pump properly applied with the
known remedies will soon stamp It out
and leave the owner master of tho situa
tion. No man should think for a moment to
plant an orchard on any soil, whether In
arid or moist regions, until he is fully
conversant with all the facts, entering
into the requirements as to the - health,
nourishment and productiveness of the
trees about to be planted.
Wid OF FOYLEDALE
DRAGS ANCHOR AXD GOES ASHORE
IX VALPARAISO HARD OR.
Dnff Lose His Dninnue Suit.
Iji the suit pf M. L. Duff, administrator
of the estate of James Duff, deceased,
against the Willamette Iron & Steel
Works, for 55000 damages, the jury in the
State Circuit Court yesterday returned a
verdict in favor of the defendant. James
Duff was killed by the explosion of a
piston-head which he was engaged In
shrinking. The piston-head was .hollow,
and water Inside caused it to blow up
when it was heated. The defense inter
posed was that Duff and his fellow-workmen
were negligent. The trial was begun
Friday last.
Get 37-Ycnr Franchise.
NOa-TH YAKIMA, Wash., Sept. 21.
At a meeting of the City Council tonight
the ordinance granting a 37-year franchise
to" tho Yakima Water, Light & Power
Company was passed. There was some op
position to the measure, but five of the
seven Councllmen voted for it.
PortnKe Board Meet Todny.S,
SALEM, Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) The
State Board of Portage Railway Commis
sioners will hold Its regular September
meeting In this city tomorrow. The meet
ing should have been held two weeks ago,
but was deferred because of the absence
of some of the state officials.
Guaranteed to maks you sleep Schuu
tor's Malt And Hop Tonic, a deUelou 1)91
weather drink. At all druggists.
Captain o Vessel Loaded nt Port
lnnd Loses Wife and
Daughter.
In the Chilian Times of Valparaise the
wreck of the British bark Foyledale Is
graphically described. The Foyledale
sailed from Portland. Mn.mh 26 with n.
cargo of lumber, loaded at the North Pa
clflc Mills. The vessel dragged her an
chors and went ashore In the face of a
"norther" In Valparaiso harbor June 1.
t Captain Kerry was saved, but his wife
i and 4-year-old daughter were lost. The
; captain and his. wife made many friends
when In Portland.
1 Most of the crew were also lost. The
, horror of the catastrophe was augmented
, by the darkness, for tho galo burst over
(the vessel at night
George Taylor, of Taylor, Young & Co.,
.agents for the Foyledale, has received
copies of the Chilian Times detailing the
disaster. The lumber was washed out
of the hatchways and was destructive to
life and to the rigging in which Inmates
of the bark took refugo. The captain's
wife and daughter were the first victims.
When the vessel was at the mercy of
the waves and near the shore the first
, mate, W. H. Dechre, had the daughter,
; Ellen Kerry, in his arms, whilst the cap
tain was supporting his wife. An enor
mous wave dashed over the vessel and
knocked the child out of the "arms of the
mate and the next wave washed him
overboard. During this tragic scene the
captain was sustaining his wife on deck
as well as he could. But not for long
amidst the surging of the vessel and the
j tremendous seas. One terrific wave
knocked the couple against the rigging
Where the captain was caught amongst
J the ropes; but his poor wife was dashed
j overboard and drowned. With the blow
he then received the captain was rendered
unconscious and remained thus In the
rigging until he was brought ashore.
The newspaper account says in part:
"Being nearest the deck and washed by
the furious seas. both captain and his
wife were becoming more benumbed, and
their strength was fast going. Still the
captain retained the hold of his wife with
the one arm. and clung to the rigging
with the other, -whilst the wife in turn
did what she could with her slighter
strength to assist her husband. But though
completely exhausted bodily, she had all
her faculties clear, she told him that she
must needs dropso fervently wishing him
'good-by,' they kissed each other and
she slipped into the sea. From that moment
he lost consciousness, and remembered no
more until being taken care of In the
San Juan de DIos Hospital.
"Up to that time, each man had had
enough to do to look after himself, and
even yet that was all that could be ex
pected of anyone, for each one , In tho
darkness was almost Ignorant of what
was happening to any other but his near
est neighbor.
"When Healy noticed the helpless con
dition of the captain, he got hold of the
captain, seized some bunting line which
was blowing in the gale, and as the waves
were dashing over both, lashed his captain
to the rigging.
"At that moment is was noticed that the
wood vomited out of tho hatchway al
most formed a sort of 'puente' to the
shore. At least sd some of the sailors
conjectured, and rather be more benumbed
by the cold, and perhaps ultimately
dropped into the sea. they decided to bold
ly face death at once, and take their
chance while sufficient bodily strength
remained, of jumping from log of wood to
log of wood, or spar to spar, and thus try
to scramble to shore. No fewer than four
of the men succeeded in managing to
reach shore In this way, although In do
irifc bo me InjurM tnroiMv?9 A flftfi.
;m apprentice, encouraged by the success
of the others also, made the attempt, and
slid down, a rope for that purpose,, but he
slipped between the wood and the ship,
and was seen no more.
"Had there been a light to guide the
chance footsteps, then all might have
safely reached shore In this fashion.
"Daylight by this time was coming in.
and as the position of the ship could now
be clearly discerned, the rocket' appar
atus was brought into requisition, and at
length the long-asked for line fired off.
The aim was very bad, for the rope did
not go -near the ship, but the second
was moro successful, and although also
wide of the mark one of the sailors on
board, at the Imminent risk of his life,
managed to get hold of the line, but ow
ing to his awkward situation on the rig
ging, he was compelled to let It go. The
third shot was successful, but It was well
on for 7 o'clock before the block and
tackle were properly fixed to the mast,
and the guiding lines held by two sections
of volunteers, In working order."
MAY TAKE HAND IN FIGHT
O. R, & X. OFFICIALS INVESTIGATE
COLUMBIA RATE WAR.
TO REPRESENT MINISTER
Chinese Consnl-Genernl "Will Attend
Funeral of San FrnnclNCiin.
SAN FRANCISCO. Sept. 22. Leung Hsun.
Chinese Consul-General to the Philippine.
Islands, has arrived here on the steamer
Pekin. While at Honolulu, the Consul
General received a cablegram from the
Chinese Minister at Washington, inform
ing him that he had been detailed to repre
sent the Minister at the funeral of Secre
tary Tom Kim Yung, of the local Consul
ate, who committed suicide a few days
ago. The dispatch further stated Consul
General Leung Hsun was to remain In this
city and thoroughly Investigate the charge
made against the secretary.
Points Out Geographical Curiosity.
BERLIN, Sept. 21. At today's meeting of
the International Statistic Conference M.
Levusseur, one of the French delegates,
called attention to a geographical curiosity
In the case of the extent of the 'principal
ity of Monaco, which, he said, was given
as 20 times greater than It really Is.
Herr Von Mayr, speaking on Immigra
tion statistics, said the present system of
International statistics was Inadequate.
He urged that a card be Issued for each
immigrant, giving full particulars, espe
cially whether the immigrant settled in
the country permanently or whether he
only remained for a season. Among the
delegates of note are Herr Sternagg, Au
stria; M. Bertllllon and M. Levasseur,
France; Mr. Wilcox, United States, and
Messrs. Craigle and Atkinson, Great
Britain.
American to Penetrate Abyssinia, j
WASHINGTON. Sept. 21. Under in-1.
structl'ons from the State Department,
Robert P. Skinner, the American Consul
General at Marseilles, will penetrate the
wilds of Abyssinia, guarded by a detach
ment of American Marines from the Euro
pean squadron. He goes to negotiate with
the King of Abyssinia a commercial
treaty which it is hoped will give im
portant advantages to American trade. -
Remains of Millionaire at Home.
NEW YORK, Sept. 21. The body of Mil
lionaire Dexter, who was assassinated
near his Summer, home In the Adlron
dacks. arrived here today. Game poachers
and trespassers are believed to be respon
sible for the crime.
IUkIi Speed on Electric I, Inc.
BERLIN. Sept. 21. A burst of speed, at
the rate of 111 miles an hour, was reached
Saturday on the Zos."en electric line, but
over waht distance is not disclosed. The
length is 18 miles.
An Iowa Philanthropist.
BURLINGTON, la.. Sept 21. P. M.
Crapo, founder of Crapo Park, and one
of the most extensive contributors to the
new public library building, died today.
No route acroia the continent offers so
many BttrMtlppn jlo tv PepvsC
HM, 3pand. yftlte ihe f attend Asanay,
U4 Third itreet for lUmtrattd. booklet.
Rclnctnnt to Disturb TrnfTic by Re
ductions, but May Find It Nec
essary for Self-Dcfense.
O. R. & N. officials are conducting an in
vestigation Into the rate war between Col
umbia River steamboat companies with a
view of determining the effect the reduced
rates have had upon the railroad's freight
and passenger business. The railroad has
used Its good offices with a view of effect
ing a compromise and a restoration of
rates, but this effort has failed, and the
company is now endeavoring to protect
its own Interests.
It may be safely said that the O. R. &
N. will not attempt to reduce rates be
tween Portland and The Dalles If It Is
possible to avoid doing so. The company
has no desire to disturb existing condi
tions, but cannot allow Its interests to be
neglected, if an investigation shows that
the road will suffer by a continuation of
the rate war without some recognition on
the part of the road.
The passenger department of the O. R.
& N. is strongly inclined to oppose any at
tempt to reduce rates. It has always tak
en the position that It should protect in
terior merchants against an Invasion of
their field by outside parties. It Is believed
that the effect of reducing passenger rates
would be to bring hundreds of people from
The Dalles and Intermediate points Into
Portland. They would do their shopping
here, and merchants of the Columbia
River Valley would suffer heavy losses
that could not be offset by a reduction in
freight rates.
The officials of tho O. R. & N. believe
that the rate war between the river steam
ers does not have the disastrous effect
upon business that would follow an at
tempt of the railroad to meet water com
petition. It Is likely that this will have a
strong effect upon the company and may
be a factor influential enough to- prevent
the passenger department from meeting
the water rates.
Freight officials scout the idea of re
ducing their rates, but the matter Is under
consideration. It Is likely that rates will
remain unchanged unless the situation
becomes more critical.
The O. R. & N. officials have not wel
comed the coming of a rival to the Reg
ulator Line. The company has been able
to effect an understanding with the old
river fleet owners that, while it gives
fair rates to the Columbia River traffic,
does not upset business conditions. The
coming of a competitor naturally means
that the business would have to be cut
up again and that the rate question would
ever be a disturbing element. For thjft
reason the railroad company has done
some work toward discouraging the con
tinuation of the new line.
Officials of the road have endeavored,
in co-operation with business men at The
Dalles, to bring about a reconciliation or
at least to maintain peace and restore
the old rates. . These attempts have
failed and the company is compelled to
choose between retaliating and sitting
quietly by until the rate war on the
river adjusts itself.
schooner Hattie A. Marsh. The body of
Chief Engineer Albert Lingo was recov
ered today.
AUTO GOES OVER GRADE
Wife of a Prominent San Jose -Man
Fatally Hnrt; Five Injured.
SAN JOSE, Cal., Sept. 21. An automo
bile containing six persons plunged over
an embankment and 15 feet below to the
bed of the Guadalupe River late last
night, injuring all of the occupants, one
of them, Mrs. de Saissett. probably fa-v
tally. The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs.
Peitro de Saissett, Mr. and Mrs. Peter
E. Col. and their son, Lewis, and the
chaffeur, William Corliss. Mrs. de Sals
sctfs chief Injuries are Internal. Mr.
Col's left arm was broken In two places
and Mrs. Col suffered the fracture of her
collar bone. The hurts of the others con
sist of many but- not dangerous bruises.
De Saissett is a well-known capitalist
Col Is a prominent wholesale grocer.
Dentil From Exposure.
ROKKRT7RC3- Or.. Sprit. 21 fSnepfall
At the Inquest over the remains of Har
mon bnyder, founu six miles from Perdue,
and near where he disappeared June 10.
1903, It was found that death resulted from
natural causes, exposure and exhaustion.
The man was weak and evidently became
lost in the woods.
Barn Fired by Tramps.
VANCOUVER. Wash., Sept. 21. (Spe
cialsA large barn owned by Matt Spur
geon. a farmer living in Fruit Valley, was
destroyed by fire this morning. Forty
tons of hify and a quantity of farming im
plements and property was destroyed. The
fire is thought to have been caused by
tramps.
Supreme Court's Sitting;" ' Resume.
SALEM, Or.. Sept. 21. (Special.) The
Supreme Court will resume work after the
Summer vacation tomorrow. At noon the
case of A. E. Eaton vs. J. H. Mimnaugh,
County Clerk of Union County, will be
tried. This case involves the Union Coun
ty county-seat question.
Bridge for Puddlnjr River.
SALEM, Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) The
Marion County Court has let a contract
to C. F. Royal & Son for the construction
of a new wagon bridge across Pudding
River, near Mount Angel. This bridge has
been needed for some time.
Josephine County's Tnxcs.
SALEM. Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) Joseph
ine County today settled Its state taxes
for 1303 In full by remitting a balance of
J3420.
Railroad Fire Cost $10,000.
OGDEN, Utah. Sept. 21. Details of a
fire at Promontory Point, on the Lucien
cut-off. have reached here. The fire was
started In the coal bins by spontaneous
combusion, and the entire bins, with their
coal, were destroyed, causing a loss of
$10,000. The freight and storage houses
and camp houses were twice on fire, but
the men succeeded in saving them.
Body "Washes Ashore.
NEWPORT, Or., Sept. 21. The body of
an unknown man washed ashore todas
near Alsea Bay.
Lockont In Effect nt Pittsburg.
PITTSBURG. Sept. 21. The lock-out of
the National Association of Marble Deal
ers took effect In the Pittsburg district
today. It Is estimated here that G00O mer
throughout the country are Idle.
To Get Free Delivery.
The Woodlawn Push Club will hold a
meetiner tomorrow night to devise way
j and means to secure free delivery for
that suburb.
Bodies Tli one of Men on Lost Ship.
LEWES, Del., Sept. 21.Thfl three fe04le
Xoun4 here yesterday hV twn JdnM4
as thQRu pf Henry Jaycn, Joncpr Joyet,
'and probibiy CiptiUa Mob,&heyi Of tbt
Enthusiastic Welcome to Pnlma,
GUANTENAMO. Cuba. Sept. 21. Pres
ident Palma arrived today from Santiago
and was accorded an enthusiastic welconx
by the Nationalists and others.
vrv Cy wersftMM live FPMij?ity g4
reason li 'tb&t wnn ones uaed r?itf
iur't IqUqw, GQU't ferstt