THE MORNING OREGONIAN," TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1903. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoaeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeel ce i - - - TODAY, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22 e ee ee AND ALL THE REST OF THE WEEK e O e o oo 09 ee , e e t ea o a oo o oo ee o e e e ee ' ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee o e ee ee ee e e ee oo ee ee ee ee. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee e e ee GRA OPENING DAY MULTNOMAH FAIR ASSOCIATION I RVINGTOIN PARK LIVESTOCK EXHIBITION and 7 HORSE RACES Rain or Shine . ADMISSION 50c GRANDSTAND FREE Races Begin at 2 P. M. No Delays STREET-CARS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE CITY SUPERB MUSIC DAILY ee ee ee e e e e e e ee ee ee ee e e e e ee ee e e ee ee e e e e e e ee ee ee ee e e ee ee e e e e e e e e ee ' ee ee e e e e e e e e ee ee ee ee ee ee e e e e ee ee ee ee e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ee ee ee ee ee ee eo ee ee e e op e e FUNGOUS DISEASE IN FRUIT TREES Read before the Eleventh National Irrigation Congress at Ogden, Utah, by Col. Henry E. Dosch, of Oregon. Just 40 years ago our mutual friend. Senator Fred J. Klesel, of your city, and myself, first landed In, this valley, after a two months' tramp across the plains, or what was then known as the Great American Desert. Coming out of Emi grant Canyon our eyes feasted on the beautiful fields and gardens which stretched out before us, a veritable oasis In the derert It was the first Mormon settlement, a picture of peace, happiness, contentment and plenty, which will ever remain green and fresh In our memories, while the surrounding foothills and pla teaus were covered with sagebrush and greasewood. There was scarcely any grass that stock could feed upon; the home of the rattlesnake and jackrabblt We wondered then what all this coun try was wasted for, little dreaming what wealth and plant food was stored away In this parched soil, awaiting the brawn and brain and genius of man, to convert this sagebrush land into grain fields,' Into frult-bearlng orchards, Into vast alfalfa fields, so the sheep, horses and cattle could supplant the Jackrabblt and bring affluence and comfort to thousands of aappy homes scattered over this vast area, which had only known the tepee and wiklup of the Indian. The subject assigned to me Is "Fungus Diseases In Fruit Trees." This would be most interesting at a meeting of fruit growers, but could not help'but be a very "dry" subject at an Irrigation conven tion, and Is only applicable in the ab stract, as it exists on irrigated and non Irrigated lands. The first thought which arises is "What Isi fungus?" Webster de fines the word "fungus" as a cryptaga mus plant, or flowerless plant, one which does not fructify byjneans usual to to others. "A parasite fungus, as a plant that grows and lives on another, or deriv ing nourishment from some other living thing." A fungus (plural fungi) is a low form of plant. It has neither green stems nor leaves and therefore appends for its food upon other plants, or upon animals. Sometimes fungi live upon dead plants or animals or upon their products, and sometimes they live upon other living plants or upon living animals. They are very numerous and differ greatly among themselves In form, structure and habits of life. Fungi sooner or later produce small round or oval bodies called spores. These spores under favorable .conditions produce new fungi. They are not de stroyed by ordinary weather conditions and often live over Winter In fields and, orchards. Sometimes they remain alive for several years In the soil and other suitable places, and begin their growth when the conditions are favorable. Many fungi are very small and only to be seen when greatly magnified. These .fungi, when once fastened upon their host can only be destroyed, or at least kept in check by persistent spraying. The sub ject of "What is a host plant?" "What is a fungicide?" "Why should we spray?" "Why we should spray early and late," "Why is it necessary to spray more than once?" "How often It is necessary to spray?" "Why is it necessary to spray every year?" "Will spraying prevent plant disease?" and, "Will -It pay to spray?" are all pertinent questions and material factors In horticulture: hut these subjects are so far reaching and enlle.s that we cannot discuss them at this time. The study of fungi and fungus diseases therefore Is, for many reasons, beyond the field of the ordinary fruitgrowers or layman, so far as classification, life his tory, or remedies are concerned, and we can take up this question, only as It ap plies to fruit trees on Irrigated and non Irrigated land. The most prevalent of these fungous dis eases are "monilla fructlglna," infesting the fruit of plum and prune trees: bitter rot, which Infects principally the apple and has become so pronounced and defied the best-known spray remedies that in lome districts, notably In tho East, come varieties, especially the Baldwin, cannot be grown successfully and produce mar ketable fruit; the black rot of the grape, which has destroyed so many beautiful vineyards on tho Atlantic seaboard; crater blight of the pear tree, or fire blight, as it is "perhaps best known, and dead spot, or anthracnose, so deadly to the apple tree. Some of these fungous diseases are more pronounced on trees planted on wet or un dralned soils, while others live equally well on dry or wet soils, and again trees planted on soils not properly conditioned grow slow, become weak and more liable to disease than trees planted on soil suit able to their healthy growth, and there fore in a better condition to resist and throw oft diseases. This brings us to the topic most interesting to this convention. The subject of irrigation, or In other words, where the water is controlled by man as needed, rather than depend on the heavens for it, has always had'a great fascination for me, and It is not .only in teresting, but the study of which in its varied phases as applied to plant life is as scientific as" any other which" enters into the growing of grain or fruit. I therefore hailed with delight, while a Commissioner of the Oregon State Board of Horticulture, a request to investigate and report upon the adaptability of the arid region of Eastern Oregon and' Idaho to fruit culture under irrigation. Upon visiting that region I found a number of small plantations, and only one commer cial orchard, that of the IC S. & D. Fruit Co., near Arcadia, Or., and soon observed that there was a noticeable difference in the health and growth of these fruit trees, planted. Irrigated and cared for under the same conditions. Here was a problem not readily explained, nor the question aris ing, "What is the cause?" easily an swered, which made it all the more in teresting. I soon found, however, that some spots In these orchards were wetter than others, and upon these wet spots the trees were more or less diseased. I asked the question whether these wet spots received more water than the drier spots, but was assured that the entire plantation was treated alike, which brought me to the conclusion that the trouble lay in the soil Itself. I caused holes to be dug, and very soon came upon hardpan, w'hich I had suspected was all the cause of it Upon further investiga tion we discovered that most of the bench land and plateaus of this entire region was underlaid with an undulating stratum of hardpan. impervious to water or roots. I found that the top soil varied from six inches to eight feet in depth, according to the undulation of the hardpan. and the thickness of this stratum of hardpan from three Inches to 15 Inches. Underneath this hardpyn wo found gravelly loam, rich In plant food, but not available on account of this hardpan. Now. the conclusion I arrived at and which, after, some years of experimenting, has proved a correct one. Is that the roots of these fruit trees planted In the shallow soil "spots soon reached the hardpan, and being unable to penetrate, spread out upon it. These roots not only very soon consume all the available plant food, .and In consequence Mopped-growlrig. starved and became fee ble, but irrigation, causing these enfee bled roots to remain constantly In water, made them an easy prey of and unable to resist the attacks of fungous diseases. I am inclined to the opinion that these Hardpan conditions exist in all arid re gions", for which there Is but one remedy dynamiting the soil. It Is an easy and "in expensive process. Bore a three-inch hole Into the hardpan. then Insert a stick of dynamite and some powder If found neces sary, attach a fuse, light it and the work Is done. This will shatter the hard pan for a considerable distance, which permits the roots to go down, prolongs the life of the tree, and makes them healthier and therefore easier to resist fungus dis ease attacks. I am further of the opin ion that if the soil is properly dynamited irrigation vri not only be more perfect but less water will be required, which Is a great factor In regions where water Is not plentiful or is expensive, for double the amount of land can be covered than under the old system. Instead of evapor ating on shallow soils under the hot sun In all arid regions, the water will perco late down Into the storehouses below, to be brought up when needed by capillary attraction and proper cultivation. That this theory Is correct is evidenced by the fact that wherever it has been tried, since I first advocated it some six years ago, It has proven successful. Kind ly permit me to quote a very noted case by way of illustration: Mr. David Dun bar, near Vale, Malheur County, Eastern Oregon, had planted an orchard, but It did pot do well. The trees grew slowly, were feeble and diseased. After five years of experimentingfhis hired man, evident ly a progressive fellow, who had read the report I made at that time, suggested dynamiting, which they did, and planted an orchard alongside the old one, and now these latter trees are three times the size of the old ones, are strong, healthy and bear abundant crops of fruit H. E. Myer, of Boise City, and Chas. H. Ander son of Boise City, Idaho, who have made experiments In orchards already planted by -dynamiting between the rows of trees have'-wrought very beneficial results. It also seems to me that dynamiting of soils underlaid by hardpan can not help but be beneficial for grain and alfalfa fields by yielding larger crops for reasons stated above. Irrigation Is as yet not fully understood. The turning on of a lot of water to flood the land Is not Irrigation In the full sense the word Implies. People who settle on lands covered by irrigation canals and reservoirs must be educated not only in the use of water. Haut in the existing soil conditions in order to obtain" the best re sults. I therefore hold that fungus dis eases in fruit trees, on arid lands, but especially on irrigated soils, can be largely controlled by placing the top soil and dynamiting the hardpan subsoil and bring both into the condition best calcu lated to keep the trees In a growing healthy state to resist these fungus at tacks, and should perchance some fungus spores find lodgment in an orchard, the spray pump properly applied with the known remedies will soon stamp It out and leave the owner master of tho situa tion. No man should think for a moment to plant an orchard on any soil, whether In arid or moist regions, until he is fully conversant with all the facts, entering into the requirements as to the - health, nourishment and productiveness of the trees about to be planted. Wid OF FOYLEDALE DRAGS ANCHOR AXD GOES ASHORE IX VALPARAISO HARD OR. Dnff Lose His Dninnue Suit. Iji the suit pf M. L. Duff, administrator of the estate of James Duff, deceased, against the Willamette Iron & Steel Works, for 55000 damages, the jury in the State Circuit Court yesterday returned a verdict in favor of the defendant. James Duff was killed by the explosion of a piston-head which he was engaged In shrinking. The piston-head was .hollow, and water Inside caused it to blow up when it was heated. The defense inter posed was that Duff and his fellow-workmen were negligent. The trial was begun Friday last. Get 37-Ycnr Franchise. NOa-TH YAKIMA, Wash., Sept. 21. At a meeting of the City Council tonight the ordinance granting a 37-year franchise to" tho Yakima Water, Light & Power Company was passed. There was some op position to the measure, but five of the seven Councllmen voted for it. PortnKe Board Meet Todny.S, SALEM, Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) The State Board of Portage Railway Commis sioners will hold Its regular September meeting In this city tomorrow. The meet ing should have been held two weeks ago, but was deferred because of the absence of some of the state officials. Guaranteed to maks you sleep Schuu tor's Malt And Hop Tonic, a deUelou 1)91 weather drink. At all druggists. Captain o Vessel Loaded nt Port lnnd Loses Wife and Daughter. In the Chilian Times of Valparaise the wreck of the British bark Foyledale Is graphically described. The Foyledale sailed from Portland. Mn.mh 26 with n. cargo of lumber, loaded at the North Pa clflc Mills. The vessel dragged her an chors and went ashore In the face of a "norther" In Valparaiso harbor June 1. t Captain Kerry was saved, but his wife i and 4-year-old daughter were lost. The ; captain and his. wife made many friends when In Portland. 1 Most of the crew were also lost. The , horror of the catastrophe was augmented , by the darkness, for tho galo burst over (the vessel at night George Taylor, of Taylor, Young & Co., .agents for the Foyledale, has received copies of the Chilian Times detailing the disaster. The lumber was washed out of the hatchways and was destructive to life and to the rigging in which Inmates of the bark took refugo. The captain's wife and daughter were the first victims. When the vessel was at the mercy of the waves and near the shore the first , mate, W. H. Dechre, had the daughter, ; Ellen Kerry, in his arms, whilst the cap tain was supporting his wife. An enor mous wave dashed over the vessel and knocked the child out of the "arms of the mate and the next wave washed him overboard. During this tragic scene the captain was sustaining his wife on deck as well as he could. But not for long amidst the surging of the vessel and the j tremendous seas. One terrific wave knocked the couple against the rigging Where the captain was caught amongst J the ropes; but his poor wife was dashed j overboard and drowned. With the blow he then received the captain was rendered unconscious and remained thus In the rigging until he was brought ashore. The newspaper account says in part: "Being nearest the deck and washed by the furious seas. both captain and his wife were becoming more benumbed, and their strength was fast going. Still the captain retained the hold of his wife with the one arm. and clung to the rigging with the other, -whilst the wife in turn did what she could with her slighter strength to assist her husband. But though completely exhausted bodily, she had all her faculties clear, she told him that she must needs dropso fervently wishing him 'good-by,' they kissed each other and she slipped into the sea. From that moment he lost consciousness, and remembered no more until being taken care of In the San Juan de DIos Hospital. "Up to that time, each man had had enough to do to look after himself, and even yet that was all that could be ex pected of anyone, for each one , In tho darkness was almost Ignorant of what was happening to any other but his near est neighbor. "When Healy noticed the helpless con dition of the captain, he got hold of the captain, seized some bunting line which was blowing in the gale, and as the waves were dashing over both, lashed his captain to the rigging. "At that moment is was noticed that the wood vomited out of tho hatchway al most formed a sort of 'puente' to the shore. At least sd some of the sailors conjectured, and rather be more benumbed by the cold, and perhaps ultimately dropped into the sea. they decided to bold ly face death at once, and take their chance while sufficient bodily strength remained, of jumping from log of wood to log of wood, or spar to spar, and thus try to scramble to shore. No fewer than four of the men succeeded in managing to reach shore In this way, although In do irifc bo me InjurM tnroiMv?9 A flftfi. ;m apprentice, encouraged by the success of the others also, made the attempt, and slid down, a rope for that purpose,, but he slipped between the wood and the ship, and was seen no more. "Had there been a light to guide the chance footsteps, then all might have safely reached shore In this fashion. "Daylight by this time was coming in. and as the position of the ship could now be clearly discerned, the rocket' appar atus was brought into requisition, and at length the long-asked for line fired off. The aim was very bad, for the rope did not go -near the ship, but the second was moro successful, and although also wide of the mark one of the sailors on board, at the Imminent risk of his life, managed to get hold of the line, but ow ing to his awkward situation on the rig ging, he was compelled to let It go. The third shot was successful, but It was well on for 7 o'clock before the block and tackle were properly fixed to the mast, and the guiding lines held by two sections of volunteers, In working order." MAY TAKE HAND IN FIGHT O. R, & X. OFFICIALS INVESTIGATE COLUMBIA RATE WAR. TO REPRESENT MINISTER Chinese Consnl-Genernl "Will Attend Funeral of San FrnnclNCiin. SAN FRANCISCO. Sept. 22. Leung Hsun. Chinese Consul-General to the Philippine. Islands, has arrived here on the steamer Pekin. While at Honolulu, the Consul General received a cablegram from the Chinese Minister at Washington, inform ing him that he had been detailed to repre sent the Minister at the funeral of Secre tary Tom Kim Yung, of the local Consul ate, who committed suicide a few days ago. The dispatch further stated Consul General Leung Hsun was to remain In this city and thoroughly Investigate the charge made against the secretary. Points Out Geographical Curiosity. BERLIN, Sept. 21. At today's meeting of the International Statistic Conference M. Levusseur, one of the French delegates, called attention to a geographical curiosity In the case of the extent of the 'principal ity of Monaco, which, he said, was given as 20 times greater than It really Is. Herr Von Mayr, speaking on Immigra tion statistics, said the present system of International statistics was Inadequate. He urged that a card be Issued for each immigrant, giving full particulars, espe cially whether the immigrant settled in the country permanently or whether he only remained for a season. Among the delegates of note are Herr Sternagg, Au stria; M. Bertllllon and M. Levasseur, France; Mr. Wilcox, United States, and Messrs. Craigle and Atkinson, Great Britain. American to Penetrate Abyssinia, j WASHINGTON. Sept. 21. Under in-1. structl'ons from the State Department, Robert P. Skinner, the American Consul General at Marseilles, will penetrate the wilds of Abyssinia, guarded by a detach ment of American Marines from the Euro pean squadron. He goes to negotiate with the King of Abyssinia a commercial treaty which it is hoped will give im portant advantages to American trade. - Remains of Millionaire at Home. NEW YORK, Sept. 21. The body of Mil lionaire Dexter, who was assassinated near his Summer, home In the Adlron dacks. arrived here today. Game poachers and trespassers are believed to be respon sible for the crime. IUkIi Speed on Electric I, Inc. BERLIN. Sept. 21. A burst of speed, at the rate of 111 miles an hour, was reached Saturday on the Zos."en electric line, but over waht distance is not disclosed. The length is 18 miles. An Iowa Philanthropist. BURLINGTON, la.. Sept 21. P. M. Crapo, founder of Crapo Park, and one of the most extensive contributors to the new public library building, died today. No route acroia the continent offers so many BttrMtlppn jlo tv PepvsC HM, 3pand. yftlte ihe f attend Asanay, U4 Third itreet for lUmtrattd. booklet. Rclnctnnt to Disturb TrnfTic by Re ductions, but May Find It Nec essary for Self-Dcfense. O. R. & N. officials are conducting an in vestigation Into the rate war between Col umbia River steamboat companies with a view of determining the effect the reduced rates have had upon the railroad's freight and passenger business. The railroad has used Its good offices with a view of effect ing a compromise and a restoration of rates, but this effort has failed, and the company is now endeavoring to protect its own Interests. It may be safely said that the O. R. & N. will not attempt to reduce rates be tween Portland and The Dalles If It Is possible to avoid doing so. The company has no desire to disturb existing condi tions, but cannot allow Its interests to be neglected, if an investigation shows that the road will suffer by a continuation of the rate war without some recognition on the part of the road. The passenger department of the O. R. & N. is strongly inclined to oppose any at tempt to reduce rates. It has always tak en the position that It should protect in terior merchants against an Invasion of their field by outside parties. It Is believed that the effect of reducing passenger rates would be to bring hundreds of people from The Dalles and Intermediate points Into Portland. They would do their shopping here, and merchants of the Columbia River Valley would suffer heavy losses that could not be offset by a reduction in freight rates. The officials of tho O. R. & N. believe that the rate war between the river steam ers does not have the disastrous effect upon business that would follow an at tempt of the railroad to meet water com petition. It Is likely that this will have a strong effect upon the company and may be a factor influential enough to- prevent the passenger department from meeting the water rates. Freight officials scout the idea of re ducing their rates, but the matter Is under consideration. It Is likely that rates will remain unchanged unless the situation becomes more critical. The O. R. & N. officials have not wel comed the coming of a rival to the Reg ulator Line. The company has been able to effect an understanding with the old river fleet owners that, while it gives fair rates to the Columbia River traffic, does not upset business conditions. The coming of a competitor naturally means that the business would have to be cut up again and that the rate question would ever be a disturbing element. For thjft reason the railroad company has done some work toward discouraging the con tinuation of the new line. Officials of the road have endeavored, in co-operation with business men at The Dalles, to bring about a reconciliation or at least to maintain peace and restore the old rates. . These attempts have failed and the company is compelled to choose between retaliating and sitting quietly by until the rate war on the river adjusts itself. schooner Hattie A. Marsh. The body of Chief Engineer Albert Lingo was recov ered today. AUTO GOES OVER GRADE Wife of a Prominent San Jose -Man Fatally Hnrt; Five Injured. SAN JOSE, Cal., Sept. 21. An automo bile containing six persons plunged over an embankment and 15 feet below to the bed of the Guadalupe River late last night, injuring all of the occupants, one of them, Mrs. de Saissett. probably fa-v tally. The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Peitro de Saissett, Mr. and Mrs. Peter E. Col. and their son, Lewis, and the chaffeur, William Corliss. Mrs. de Sals sctfs chief Injuries are Internal. Mr. Col's left arm was broken In two places and Mrs. Col suffered the fracture of her collar bone. The hurts of the others con sist of many but- not dangerous bruises. De Saissett is a well-known capitalist Col Is a prominent wholesale grocer. Dentil From Exposure. ROKKRT7RC3- Or.. Sprit. 21 fSnepfall At the Inquest over the remains of Har mon bnyder, founu six miles from Perdue, and near where he disappeared June 10. 1903, It was found that death resulted from natural causes, exposure and exhaustion. The man was weak and evidently became lost in the woods. Barn Fired by Tramps. VANCOUVER. Wash., Sept. 21. (Spe cialsA large barn owned by Matt Spur geon. a farmer living in Fruit Valley, was destroyed by fire this morning. Forty tons of hify and a quantity of farming im plements and property was destroyed. The fire is thought to have been caused by tramps. Supreme Court's Sitting;" ' Resume. SALEM, Or.. Sept. 21. (Special.) The Supreme Court will resume work after the Summer vacation tomorrow. At noon the case of A. E. Eaton vs. J. H. Mimnaugh, County Clerk of Union County, will be tried. This case involves the Union Coun ty county-seat question. Bridge for Puddlnjr River. SALEM, Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) The Marion County Court has let a contract to C. F. Royal & Son for the construction of a new wagon bridge across Pudding River, near Mount Angel. This bridge has been needed for some time. Josephine County's Tnxcs. SALEM. Or., Sept. 21. (Special.) Joseph ine County today settled Its state taxes for 1303 In full by remitting a balance of J3420. Railroad Fire Cost $10,000. OGDEN, Utah. Sept. 21. Details of a fire at Promontory Point, on the Lucien cut-off. have reached here. The fire was started In the coal bins by spontaneous combusion, and the entire bins, with their coal, were destroyed, causing a loss of $10,000. The freight and storage houses and camp houses were twice on fire, but the men succeeded in saving them. Body "Washes Ashore. NEWPORT, Or., Sept. 21. The body of an unknown man washed ashore todas near Alsea Bay. Lockont In Effect nt Pittsburg. PITTSBURG. Sept. 21. The lock-out of the National Association of Marble Deal ers took effect In the Pittsburg district today. It Is estimated here that G00O mer throughout the country are Idle. To Get Free Delivery. The Woodlawn Push Club will hold a meetiner tomorrow night to devise way j and means to secure free delivery for that suburb. Bodies Tli one of Men on Lost Ship. LEWES, Del., Sept. 21.Thfl three fe04le Xoun4 here yesterday hV twn JdnM4 as thQRu pf Henry Jaycn, Joncpr Joyet, 'and probibiy CiptiUa Mob,&heyi Of tbt Enthusiastic Welcome to Pnlma, GUANTENAMO. Cuba. Sept. 21. Pres ident Palma arrived today from Santiago and was accorded an enthusiastic welconx by the Nationalists and others. vrv Cy wersftMM live FPMij?ity g4 reason li 'tb&t wnn ones uaed r?itf iur't IqUqw, GQU't ferstt